Riding and Driving

by Edward L. Anderson; Price Collier

ILLUSTRATIONS

RIDING

By EDWARD L. ANDERSON

	The Gallop-change from Right to Left. The horse, havingbeen in gallop right, has just gone into air from theright fore leg. The right hind leg was then planted,which will be followed in turn by the left hind leg, thenthe right fore leg, and lastly the left fore leg, fromwhich the horse will go into air; the change fromgallop right to gallop left having been made withoutdisorder or a false step	[Frontispiece]
FIGURE		FACING PAGE
1.	Race-horse in Training. Photograph by R. H. Cox	[5]
2.	Dick Wells. Holder of the world's record for one mile. Photograph by R. H. Cox.	[5]
3.	Thoroughbred Mare, L'Indienne. Property of MajorDavid Castleman. Photograph by the author	[7]
4.	Cayuse. Photograph by W. G. Walker	[7]
5.	Abayan Koheilan. Arab stallion, bred by Amasi Hamdani,Smyri, Sheik of the District of Nagd. Propertyof Sutherland Stock Farm, Cobourg, Canada	[7]
6.	Norwegian Fiord Stallion. Imported by the author	[9]
7.	Mafeking, 16.2, by Temple out of a Mare by Judge Curtis.The property of Colin Campbell, Esq., Manor House,St. Hilaire, Quebec, Canada. This splendid animalhas been hunted for three seasons with the MontrealFox Hounds. He shows great power and quality, andis master of any riding weight	[9]
8.	Prize-winning Charger. Property of Major Castleman. Photographby the author	[9]
9.	Morgan Stallion, Meteor. Property of Mr. H. P. Crane.Photograph by Schreiber & Sons	[9]
10.	Mademoiselle Guerra on Rubis, a Trakhene Stallion	[10]
11.	Highland Denmark. Property of Gay Brothers, Pisgah,Kentucky. The sire of more prize winners in saddleclasses than any other stallion in America. Photographby the author	[10]
12.	Brood Mare, Dorothy. Owned by General Castleman.This mare has a record of first prize in nearly seventyshow rings	[12]
13.	Cecil Palmer, American Saddle-horse, Racking. Ownedand ridden by Major David Castleman. Photographby the author	[12]
14.	The Cavesson. Photograph by the author	[23]
15.	The Horse goes about the Man at the Full Length of theCavesson Rein. Photograph by the author	[23]
16.	Elevating the Head of the Horse with the Snaffle-bit.Photograph by M. F. A.	[26]
17.	Dropping the Head and Suppling the Jaw. Photographby M. F. A.	[26]
18.	Bending Head with Snaffle. Photograph by M. F. A.	[28]
19.	A Leg Up. Photograph by M. F. A.	[28]
20.	Silvana. An English half-bred mare, imported by theauthor. Photograph by M. F. A.	[37]
21.	Montgomery Chief, Champion Saddle Stallion of America.Property of Ball Brothers, Versailles, Kentucky.Photograph by the author	[37]
22.	Riding-house of the Author	[44]
23.	Garrard. Two years old. Owned and ridden by MajorDavid Castleman. Photograph by the author	[51]
24.	Carbonel. Four years old. Owned and ridden by MajorDavid Castleman. Photograph by the author	[51]
25.	High Lassie. Two years old. Owned by Gay Brothers,Pisgah, Kentucky. Photograph by the author	[53]
26.	Mares and Foals. Gay Brothers. Photograph by theauthor	[53]
27.	Stirling Chief. Property of Colonel J. T. Woodford, Mt.Stirling, Kentucky. Photograph by the author	[55]
28.	Stirling Chief in the Trot. Photograph by the author	[55]
29.	Double Bridle Fitted. Photograph by the author	[58]
30.	Mounting with Stirrups. Photograph by M. F. A.	[58]
31.	Mounting without Stirrups. Photograph by M. F. A.	[60]
32.	Mounting without Stirrups. Photograph by M. F. A.	[60]
33.	Dismounting without Stirrups. Photograph by M. F. A.	[60]
34.	Jockey Seat. Photograph by R. H. Cox	[62]
35.	Pointing the Knees above the Crest of the Horse. Photographby M. F. A.	[62]
36.	Dropping the Knees to take the Seat without Stirrups. Photograph by M. F. A.	[65]
37.	The Seat. Photograph by M. F. A.	[65]
38.	Leaning Back. Photograph by M. F. A.	[65]
39.	German Cavalry. Photograph by O. Anschutz	[67]
40.	Monsieur Leon de Gisbert. Photograph by the author	[69]
41.	Monsieur H. L. de Bussigny. Formerly an officer of theFrench Army	[69]
42.	Chasseurs d'Afrique	[71]
43.	Spahis. Arabs in the Algerian army of France	[71]
44.	A French Officer. Good man and good horse	[73]
45.	French Officers	[73]
46.	Italian Officers. The horsemanship here exhibited isabove criticism. Courtesy of the Goerz Co.	[73]
47.	Italian Officers	[73]
48.	An Italian Officer. The pose of the horse proves thetruth of the photograph	[73]
49.	Trooper Royal Horse Guards. Photograph by F. G. O.Stuart	[76]
50.	Scots Grays. Tent Pegging. Photograph by F. G. O.Stuart	[76]
51.	General Castleman	[78]
52.	Mr. C. Elmer Railey	[80]
53.	A Rider of the Plains. Photograph by W. G. Walker	[80]
54.	Colonel W. F. Cody, "Buffalo Bill." Photograph by Stacy	[83]
55.	An American Horseman	[83]
56.	Troopers of the Fourth and the Eighth Cavalry, UnitedStates Army. Photograph by the author	[85]
57.	Captain W. C. Short. Instructor of Riding at Fort Riley.Photograph by the author	[85]
58.	Three Officers at Fort Riley. Photograph by the author	[87]
59.	The Small Pony is but a Toy. Photograph by MaryWoods	[90]
60.	Up to Ten or Twelve Years of Age Girls should ride inthe Cross Saddle to learn the Effects of the Aids.Photograph by the author	[90]
61.	The Alertness of In Hand. Photograph by R. H. Cox	[92]
62.	In Hand in Walk. Photograph by M. F. A.	[92]
63.	United Halt, between Heels and Hand. Photograph byM. F. A.	[94]
64.	In Hand in Trot. Photograph by M. F. A.	[94]
65.	Preventing the Horse rearing by bending the Croup toOne Side. Photograph by M. F. A.	[97]
66.	Rearing with Extended Fore Legs. Photograph by Walker	[97]
67.	Major H. L. Ripley, Eighth Cavalry, United States Army.Horse rearing with bent fore legs	[101]
68.	Rolling up a Restive Horse	[101]
69.	Closely United. Photograph by M. F. A.	[102]
70.	Half-halt. Photograph by M. F. A.	[102]
71.	The Scratch of the Spur. Photograph by M. F. A.	[108]
72.	Halt with the Spurs. Photograph by M. F. A.	[108]
73.	Direct Flexion of the Jaw. The snaffle holds the head up.The curb-bit, with the reins drawn toward the chestof the horse, induces the animal to yield the jaw, whenthe tension upon the reins is released and the animalso rewarded for its obedience. Photograph byM. F. A.	[112]
74.	The Result of the Direct Flexion of the Jaw. Photographby M. F. A.	[112]
75.	Bending Head and Neck with the Curb-bit. Photograph by M. F. A.	[115]
76.	Bending Head and Neck with the Curb-bit. Photograph by M. F. A.	[115]
77.	Carrying the Hind Legs under the Body. Photograph byM. F. A.	[117]
78.	Croup about Forehand, to the Right. Photograph by M. F. A.	[117]
79.	Croup about Forehand, to the Right. The left fore legthe pivot. The head bent toward the advancingcroup. Photograph by M. F. A.	[119]
80.	In Hand in Place. Photograph by H. S.	[119]
81.	The Indirect Indication of the Curb-bit. To turn thehorse to the right by bringing the left rein against theneck of the horse. The rider's hand carried over tothe right, the thumb pointing to the right shoulder	[122]
82.	The Indirect Indication of the Curb-bit. To turn thehorse to the left. The rider's hand is carried over tothe left, the thumb pointing to the ground over theleft shoulder of the horse	[122]
83.	Reversed Pirouette, to the Left. The hind quarters arecarried to the left, about the right fore leg as pivot, thehead bent to the left	[124]
84.	Passing on Two Paths to the Right. The forehandslightly in advance of the croup. The head of thehorse slightly bent in the direction of progress	[124]
85.	The Gallop. The horse in air	[126]
86.	The Hind Legs are committed to a Certain Stride in theGallop before the Horse goes into Air	[126]
87.	Gallop Right. The change must be begun by the hindlegs as soon as they are free from the ground. Thelast seven photographs by M. F. A.	[126]
88.	The Wheel in the Gallop. In two paths, the hind feet on a small inner circle	[131]
89.	The Pirouette Wheel. The inner hind leg remains inplace as a pivot	[131]
90.	Backing. Taking advantage of the impulse produced bythe whip tap to carry the mass to the rear. Photographby M. F. A.	[135]
91.	Backing. The same principles are observed. Photographby M. F. A.	[135]
92.	Jumping In Hand. Photograph by M. F. A.	[138]
93.	The Narrow Hurdle. Photograph by M. F. A.	[138]
94.	Jumping In Hand. Photograph by M. F. A.	[138]
95.	Jumping a Narrow Hurdle. Photograph by M. F. A.	[142]
96.	Jumping a Narrow Hurdle. Photograph by M. F. A.	[142]
97.	Hurdle-racing. Photograph by R. H. Cox	[151]
98.	Thistledown. Four years old. Property of Mr. A. E.Ash brook. Record of seven feet one and three-quartersinches. Photograph by E. N. Williams	[151]
99.	Denny Racking. Property of Mr. J. S. Neane. Photographby the author	[154]
100.	Denny at the Running Walk. Photograph by the author	[154]
101.	Casting a Horse without Apparatus. Photograph by M.F.A.	[154]

---

DRIVING

By PRICE COLLIER

PLATE
I.	Protorohippus	[167]
II.	Development of Horse's Foot From Toes to One	[167]
III.	Neohipparion	[170]
IV.	Skull of Horse Eight Years Old	[170]
V.	Teeth of Horse	[195]
VI.	Teeth of Horse	[197]
VII.	Polo Pony	[199]
VIII.	Light-harness Horse	[199]
IX.	Harness Type	[202]
X.	Flying Cloud, Harness Type	[202]
XI.	Children's Pony	[204]
XII.	Children's Pony	[204]
XIII.	Good Shoulders, Legs, and Feet	[206]
XIV.	Heavy-harness Types	[206]
XV.	Stable Plan	[219]
XVI.	Skeleton of the Horse	[245]
XVII.	Internal Parts of the Horse	[245]
XVIII.	External Parts of the Horse	[252]
XIX.	Foot of the Horse	[252]
XX.	Bridoon Bit; Double-ring Snaffle-bit; Half-cheek Jointed Snaffle-bit	[261]
XXI.	Bit found on Acropolis; date, 500 b.c.	[261]
XXII.	Single Harness	[263]
XXIII.	Elbow-bit; Liverpool Bit; Buxton Bit; Gig-bit	[266]
XXIV.	Swale's Patent Bit	[268]
XXV.	Brush Burr	[268]
XXVI.	Plain Burr	[268]
XXVII.	Hambletonian	[293]
XXVIII.	George Wilkes	[293]
XXIX.	Driving a Pair	[341]
XXX.	Driving a Pair	[348]
XXXI.	Positions of Whip	[357]
XXXII.	Driving Four	[364]
XXXIII.	Pony Tandem	[391]
XXXIV.	Tandem Dog-cart	[394]
XXXV.	High and Dangerous Cocking-cart	[394]
XXXVI.	Tandem of Mr. McCandless	[404]
XXXVII.	Tandem of Mr. T. Suffern Tailer	[404]

RIDING

By EDWARD L. ANDERSON

---

RIDING