END OF VOLUME II.
PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN.
FOOTNOTES:
[1] See p. 89, vol. i.
[2] See chaps. x. and xi., vol. i.
[5] See p. 199, vol. i.
[6] This is really the same word as "sepoys," by which the native soldiers in India were first known to Europeans.
[7] Original inhabitants of Algeria and Morocco. Three-fifths of the Algerians are Berbers.
[8] Village of Somersetshire, famous for its limestone cliffs and caves.
[9] Born 1475, died 1524.
[10] Kon-day.
[11] Bànsh.
[12] Mō-būzh.
[13] May-ze-air.
[15] Shar-leh-rwa´.
[16] Ski (shē) are long, narrow pieces of wood, from 7 to 12 feet in length and from 2½ to 3 inches wide, which are bound to the feet with leather straps, and are used for travelling rapidly over snow. The Chasseurs Alpins—that is, the French soldiers who operate in the Alps—wear ski.
[18] Leen-ye´.
[19] Katr-bráh.
[20] Dove. A German aeroplane is so called.
[21] Slight arch or upward bend.
[22] Subaltern, officer below the rank of captain.
[23] Place in East Prussia, also known as Tannenberg. A battle was fought there in 1410, when the Teutonic Knights, who were then masters of East Prussia, suffered a crushing defeat at the hands of the Russians.
[24] Ab´sant (give a nasal sound to the n.)
[25] The Peninsular War was fought between August 1808 and June 1814. Wellington, the British general, drove the French out of Spain into France, and in March 1814 invaded that country and reached Toulouse.
[26] Kosh-tsyūsh´ko, born 1746, died 1817. In 1794 he raised the standard of Polish independence at Cracow, defeated the Russians, and defended Warsaw for two months. He was defeated, and, after being imprisoned, was released and retired to Switzerland, where he died.
[27] P´shé-mee-sell.
[28] Var´show.
[29] Nā-ref´.
[30] Var´tay.
[31] Goom-bin´-nen.
[32] See p. 80, vol. i.
[33] See p. 44, vol. i.
[34] Chechs. Pronounce the ch underlined as in the Scottish word "loch."
[35] Soo-val´kee.
[36] Kov´no.
[37] M'lā´var.
[38] Hollow balls of iron filled with explosives, and burst by means of a lighted fuse. They are usually thrown at the enemy by hand. The grenadiers were so called because they were specially trained to throw grenades.
[39] See p. 63, vol. i.
[40] The German name of St. Petersburg was changed to the Russian form, Petrograd, by order of the Tsar on September 1.
[41] See p. 32, vol. i.
[42] 130 miles south-east of Belgrade. It was the birthplace of Constantine the Great.
[43] See map on p. 8, vol. i.
[44] The greatest of all the Russian Tsars; born 1672, died 1725. He travelled abroad for two years, during which he learned shipbuilding in Holland and England. It was he who built St. Petersburg in order to have "a window looking out on Europe."
[45] Great industrial town of Russian Poland, about 75 miles south-west of Warsaw.
[46] Frā-meh-ree´.
[47] Place 35 miles west of Kandahar, Afghanistan; the scene of a British defeat by the Afghans, July 27, 1880.
[48] Leh-kā-to´.
[49] Kam-bray´.
[50] Lon-dreh-see´ (n nasal).
[51] Dū-play´ (b. 1697, d. 1763), governor of the French Indies. It was Clive's brilliant defence of Arcot which brought about the failure of his plans and led to his recall.
[52] Mā-rwāé.
[53] General Officer Commanding.
[54] Royal Horse Artillery.
[55] British general (b. 1761, d. 1809), hero of the famous retreat from Astorga to Corunna (1809). He was shot at the moment when the British, in sight of the sea, faced about and drove off the French, and was buried in the citadel at Corunna, in the north-west of Spain. See the famous verses, Burial of Sir John Moore, by Wolfe.
[56] San-kan-tan´ (the n's are sounded nasally).
[57] Toor-nay´.
[58] Reigned from 463 to 481; the father of Clovis, who founded the kingdom of the Franks. His capital was at Tournai.
[59] On the Buffalo River, Natal; scene of heroic stand by a handful of the 24th Regiment after the Zulus had cut up our troops (January 22, 1879).
[60] Privates are only promoted to this rank for gallantry on the field.
[61] Royal Army Medical Corps.
[62] Every regiment of every army has a flag which we call the "regimental colours." British colours are usually of silk, with tassels of mixed crimson and gold, and are carried on a staff eight feet seven inches long, surmounted by a golden crown on which stands a lion. The colours are carried on parade by two junior lieutenants, and are guarded by two sergeants and two privates. The flag itself is of the colour of the facings of the regiment, except when these are white, in which case the body of the flag is not plain white all over, but bears upon it the Cross of St. George. Whatever the colour, the flag carries in its upper corner the Union Jack, and in the centre the crown and title of the regiment, around which are the devices or badges or distinctions of the regiment, and the names of the battles in which it has played a gallant part. The flag of a regiment is the outward and visible sign of its honour and renown, and to lose it in battle is considered a great disgrace. It is always held in great reverence, and when too old for further service it is set up on the walls of a cathedral or church. Probably in your own town there are one or more of these tattered and perhaps bullet-torn colours, along with flags captured from an enemy. In the old days every regiment marched into battle with its colours proudly flying, and there were many stirring fights for the flag. Nowadays our soldiers do not take their colours into battle. The Russians and Germans, however, do so.
[63] Kū-ray´, French parish priest.
[64] Leel, 26 miles north-north-east of Arras, and 155 miles by rail north by east of Paris.
[65] Am´e-enz, 84 miles north of Paris, on the Somme.
[66] San Nah-zair´, 40 miles west of Nantes.
[67] Reh-tel´, 23 miles south-west of Mezières.
[68] Shah-tō´ Sa-lăn´ (n nasal).
[69] Lon-vee´ (n nasal), 40 miles north-north-west of Metz.
[70] Ain, joins the Oise (Waz) near Compiègne (Kom-pe-ain´).
[71] La Fair.
[72] Lon (n nasal).
[73] Reemz.
[74] Voo-ze-ay´.
[76] Tributary of the Seine (right bank), rising in the Langres plateau.
[77] Gweez.
[78] Kom-pe-ain´.
[79] Swa-son´ (n nasal).
[80] Nair-ee´.
[81] Mo-ran´ (n nasal).
[82] Oork, tributary of the Marne. From this stream flows the canal of Ourcq to Paris (67 miles).
[83] Fon-ten-blō´ (fountain of beautiful water), town 37 miles south-south-east of Paris. It contains a famous palace beloved of French kings, and its forest, the most beautiful in France, covers 66 square miles.
[84] Quoted from Nelson's History of the War, by John Buchan.
[85] Named after the Prussian general August von Goeben (1816-80). He commanded the 8th Army Corps in the Franco-German War, and distinguished himself at Gravelotte and elsewhere.
[86] Emperor William the Great.
[87] U stands for Unterwasserboot—under-water boat.
[88] The various classes of British submarines are indicated by a letter of the alphabet. Boats of the oldest class constructed are lettered A.
[89] Seaport, military station, and capital of German East Africa, fifty miles south of Zanzibar.
[90] Goods such as arms, ammunition, explosives, and other articles for use in war. If a neutral tries to send such goods to a state which is at war, they may be seized by the enemy of that state. Nations at war give notice of what kinds of goods they will not allow their enemy to receive. These goods are known as contraband of war.
[91] The foam at the cutwater of the ship.
[92] One knot = 1-1/7 miles.
[93] Channel about 18 miles wide, some 7 miles north-east of Heligoland.
[94] All the big guns that can be brought to bear are fired together.
[95] "Our Lady;" the great historical cathedral of Paris.
[96] Gal-le-ay´ne. Born 1849; commander-in-chief in Madagascar (1896-1905).
[97] Bwā d'Boo-lon´ (n nasal), the great public park (2,158 acres) of Paris.
[98] Shŏn-te-ye´.
[99] Say-zân´.
[100] Ar-gon´.
[101] Huge explosive shells which send up a dense mass of black smoke. Our soldiers also call them "coal boxes" or "Jack Johnsons."
[102] Koo-lom´mee-ay. This was the most southerly point reached by the main body of von Kluck's army. His cavalry patrols reached the banks of the Seine.
[103] Mo.
[105] La Fer-tā´.
[106] Scottish noble who murdered King Duncan (1040) and became king in his stead. He reigned seventeen years, but was slain in battle (1057) by Malcolm, Duncan's son.
[107] Near Dunkeld, in Perthshire.
[108] Hill of the Sidlaws, Perthshire, eight miles north-east of Perth.
[109] La fair shom-peh-nwaz´.
[110] Fock. Born 1851; was professor of strategy and tactics at the French School of War.
[111] Non-see´ (n nasal).
[112] Boss´ū-ā. Born 1627, died 1704.
[113] Shā-tō´ Te-er-ree´.
[114] Born 1621, died 1695. His Fables were published in 1668. They have been translated into almost every European language.
[115] Say.
[116] Bosh, term of contempt used by the French for the Germans, and meaning fools or blockheads.
[117] Ma´sh-e-ray.
[118] The French Senate is the upper chamber of the French Parliament, and roughly corresponds with our House of Lords. The members, however, are not peers, for republican France does not possess a peerage.
[119] Ay-per´nay, near the left bank of the Marne. It is a great centre of the champagne trade. The wine is stored in vaults hewn out of the chalk on which the town is built.
[120] £7,000 (£1 = 25 francs).
[121] Gallery dug by engineers, in which an explosive is placed and fired.
[122] Kray-on´.
[123] Sweep.
[124] Vail.
[125] Brain.
[126] Kon-day´ (n nasal).
[127] Moo-lan´ (n nasal).
[128] Born 1606, died 1669; one of the greatest of painters, and the glory of the Dutch school. Many of his pictures are in deep shade, and suggest the mystery that lies under the surface of things seen.
[129] Five miles north-west of Laon.
[130] Prussian military order (Maltese cross of iron edged with silver). It has been awarded in profusion during the present war. More than 30,000 German soldiers are said to have received it during 1914.
[131] He was, of course, misinformed. The nearest German troops to Paris on September 14th, 1914, were at Compiègne, about 43 miles away.
[132] See Vol. 1., p. 170.
[133] Bay-for´.
[134] Bartholdi, French sculptor (1834-1904). The statue of Liberty referred to is 200 feet high, and was presented in 1886 to the United States by the French Government to mark the hundredth year of American independence. It stands on Bedloe's Island, at the mouth of New York harbour.
[135] Ā-pee-nal´.
[136] Tool.
[138] Sar-eye´.
[139] San Mee-yel´.
[140] Vo-āvre.
[141] In French, tête-de-pont, a fortified position covering that end of a bridge nearest to the enemy.
[142] Vā-renn´.
[143] Ve-en´.
[144] San Men-oo´.
[145] The French spelling is Reims.
[146] Shar-tr´, town, fifty miles south-west of Paris, on the left bank of the Eure.
[147] Bō-vay´, fifty-five miles by rail north-north-west of Paris, on the route from Paris to Calais.
[148] Bell rung thrice daily in Catholic countries, at the sound of which the faithful pray.
[149] Vee-ve lays Ang-lay ("Long live the English").
[150] Kas-tel-no´.
[152] Maud-wee´.
[153] Bay-toon´.
[154] Soo-val´kee.
[155] Oss-o-vets.
[156] John Lothrop Motley (1814-77), American historian, whose most famous work, The Rise of the Dutch Republic, was published in 1856.
[157] Ancient city of Bavaria, 95 miles north-west of Munich, the capital.
[158] City of Bavaria, on the Lech, tributary of the Danube. In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries it was the great centre of trade between Northern Europe, Venice, and the Levant.
[159] (1533-84.) Known as "the Silent." He headed the opposition in the Netherlands to Philip of Spain, and became the founder of the Dutch Republic. He was assassinated.
[160] Le-air´, town, 10 miles south-east of Antwerp, at the confluence of the Great and Little Nethe.
[161] Nā´teh.
[162] (1653-1702.) Frequently defeated the French between 1690 and 1694, and in 1702, almost single-handed, fought a French fleet in the West Indies for five days. He died from injuries received in the battle.
[163] (1705-81.) His chief battle was a victory over the French in Quiberon Bay (1759)—one of the most daring and successful actions on record.
[164] (1750-1810.) The great friend of Nelson, to whom he was second in command at Trafalgar.
[165] (1726-99.) His greatest exploit was a crushing defeat inflicted on the French, from whom he took six ships, on "the glorious First of June" 1794, off Ushant.
[166] (1724-1816.) He won many naval victories.
[167] (1697-1762.) Not only a great fighting admiral, but a circumnavigator of the globe. The story of his Voyage Round the World is still worth reading.
[168] Quoted from Fighting in Flanders, by E. R. Powell.
[169] A neutral state which receives in its territory troops belonging to one or other of the armies engaged in war, keeps such troops in its own hands until the end of the war, and must prevent them from escaping. It clothes and feeds them, and the expenses so incurred are made good at the end of the war by the Power to which the troops belong.
Transcriber's Notes:
original hyphenation, spelling and grammar have been preserved as in the original
Page 172/173, "slightly wounded The" changed to "slightly wounded. The"
Page 267, 'that he said.' changed to 'that he said."'
Page 285, "Europe put togethe" changed to "Europe put together"