Outdoor Life and Indian Stories / Making open air life attractive to young Americans by telling them all about woodcraft, signs and signaling, the stars, fishing, camping, camp cooking, how to tie knots and how to make fire without matches, and many other fascinating open air pursuits. Also, stories of noted hunters and scouts, great indians and warriors, including Daniel Boone, Kit Carson, General Custer, Pontiac, Tecumseh, King Philip, Black Hawk, Brandt, Sitting Bull, and a host of others whose names are famous; all of them true and interesting

by Edward Sylvester Ellis

What to Do in Case of Accident

DROWNING

1. Loosen clothing, if any. 2. Empty lungs of water by laying body on its stomach and lifting it by the middle so that the head hangs down. Jerk the body a few times. 3. Pull tongue forward, using handkerchief, or pin with string, if necessary. 4. Imitate motion of respiration by alternately compressing and expanding the lower ribs, about twenty times a minute. Alternately raising and lowering the arms from the sides up above the head will stimulate the action of the lungs. Let it be done gently but persistently. 5. Apply warmth and friction to extremities. 6. By holding tongue forward, closing the nostrils, and pressing the "Adam's apple" back (so as to close entrance to stomach), direct inflation may be tried. Take a deep breath and breathe it forcibly into the mouth of patient, compress the chest to expel the air, and repeat the operation. 7. Don't give up! People have been saved after hours of patient, vigorous effort. 8. When breathing begins, get patient into a warm bed, give warm drinks, or spirits in teaspoonfuls, fresh air, and quiet.

ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION—FIRST MOVEMENT

ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION—SECOND MOVEMENT

BURNS AND SCALDS

Cover with cooking soda, and lay wet cloths over it. Whites of eggs and olive oil. Olive oil or linseed oil, plain or mixed with chalk or whiting. Sweet or olive oil and limewater.

LIGHTNING

Dash cold water over a person struck.

SUNSTROKE

Loosen clothing. Get patient into shade and apply ice-cold water to head. Keep head in elevated position.

MAD DOG OR SNAKE BITE

Tie cord tight above wound. Suck the wound and cauterize with caustic or white-hot iron at once, or cut out adjoining parts with a sharp knife. Give stimulants, as whiskey, brandy, etc.

STINGS OF VENOMOUS INSECTS, ETC.

Apply weak ammonia, oil, salt water, or iodine.

FAINTING

Place flat on back; allow fresh air, and sprinkle with water. Place head lower than rest of body.

TESTS OF DEATH

Hold mirror to mouth. If living, moisture will gather. Push pin into flesh. If dead the hole will remain, if alive it will close up. Place fingers in front of a strong light. If alive, they will appear red; if dead, black or dark. If a person is dead decomposition is almost sure to set in after 72 hours have elapsed. If it does not, then there is room for investigation by the physician. Do not permit burial of dead until certain indication of death is apparent.

CINDERS IN THE EYE

Roll soft paper up like a lamplighter, and wet the tip to remove, or use a medicine dropper to draw out. Rub the other eye.

FIRE IN ONE'S CLOTHING

Don't run—especially not downstairs or out-of-doors. Roll on carpet or wrap in woolen rug or blanket. Keep the head down, so as not to inhale flame.

FIRE FROM KEROSENE

Don't use water, it will spread the flames. Dirt, sand, or flour is the best extinguisher, or smother with woolen rug, table-cloth, or carpet.

SUFFOCATION FROM INHALING ILLUMINATING GAS

Get into the fresh air as soon as possible and lie down. Keep warm. Take ammonia—twenty drops to a tumbler of water, at frequent intervals; also, two to four drops tincture of nux vomica every hour or two for five or six hours.

ANTIDOTES FOR POISONS

First. Send for a physician.

Second. Induce vomiting, by tickling throat with feather or finger. Drink hot water or strong mustard and water. Swallow sweet oil or whites of eggs.

Acids are antidotes for alkalies, and vice versa.

RULES IN CASE OF FIRE

Crawl on the floor. The clearest air is the lowest in the room. Cover head with woolen wrap, wet if possible. Cut holes for the eyes. Don't get excited.

Familiarize yourself with the location of hall windows and natural escapes. Learn the location of exits to roofs of adjoining buildings. Learn the position of all stairways, particularly the top landing and scuttle to the roof. Should you hear cry of "fire," and columns of smoke fill the rooms, above all keep cool. Keep the doors of rooms shut. Open windows from the top. Wet a towel, stuff it in the mouth, breathe through it instead of nose, so as not to inhale smoke. Stand at windows and get benefit of outside air. If room fills with smoke keep close to floor and crawl along by the wall to the window.

Do not jump unless the blaze behind is scorching you. Do not even then if the firemen with scaling ladders are coming up the building or are near. Never go to the roof, unless as a last resort and you know there is escape from it to adjoining buildings. In big buildings fire always goes to the top. Do not jump through flame within a building without first covering the head with a blanket or heavy clothing and gauging the distance. Don't get excited; try to recall the means of exit, and if any firemen are in sight, don't jump.

If the doors of each apartment, especially in the lower part of the house, were closed every night before the occupants retired there would not be such a rapid spread of flames.

A SETTLER FLEEING FROM THE INDIANS

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