James's Account of S. H. Long's Expedition, 1819-1820, part 4

by Edwin James; Stephen H. Long; Thomas Say

{xlvi} Meteorological Register {xlvii} for the Month of JULY, 1819

Day of Month	MORNING		MID-DAY		EVENING		Mean Temp.	Mean Temp. at Ger­man­town	REMARKS	BAROMETER			MODIFICATIONS AND COURSES OF CLOUDS
													Morn­ing		Mid-Day		Eve­ning
	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind				Morn­ing	Noon	Eve­ning	Clouds	Courses	Clouds	Courses	Clouds	Courses
1	69	Calm	83	W.S.W.	83	Calm	78	—	Fresh gales in middle of the day	29.09	29.00	29.00	Cms,	—	Cml,	—	Cs.	—
2	71	Calm	74	W. by S.	80	N.E. by N.	75	—	Fresh gales in middle of the day	29.16	29.18	29.18	Cs.	—	Cs.	—	Cs.	—
3	67	N.N.W.	80	N.W. by N	78	N.E. by E.	75	70	Fresh and variable brs.—night fair	29.33	29.20	29.20	Cs,	—	Cs,	—	Cs,	—
4	64	N.N.W.	81	E.S.E.	77	E.S.E.	74	70	Fresh breezes	29.39	29.20	29.20	Cm,	S.	Cm, & C,	S.	C, & Cs,	—
5	65	S.E. by E.	80	E. by N.	79	E.N.E.	74	69	Light breezes	29.25	29.08	29.07	Cmc.	—	Cm, Cms, Cs,	S.E.	Ns,	—
6	76	Calm	81	W.S.W.	84	E.N.E.	80	69	Freq. showers of R. during the day	29.07	29.05	29.06	Ns.	—	Ns,	—	Cms,	—
7	72	E.N.E.	86	N.W. by W.	86	S.E. by E.	81	65	Hard shower this forenoon	29.12	29.00	29.02	Cms, & Cs,	—	Cs, & Cms,	—	Cm, & Cs,	—
8	76	Calm	90	S.W.	88	E.N.E.	84	67	Light brs.—mackerel sky in even.	29.04	28.96	28.96	Cs,	E.	Cm. & Cs.	—	Cml,	—
9	78	E.N.E.	83	S.W. by S.	85	S.W.	82	77	Hard shower this forenoon. L. in the evening	29.04	29.00	28.98	Cs.	—	Cs. Cms,	—	Ns, Cms,	N.W.
10	80	W.S.W.	85	N.W.				79	Rained greater part of forenoon	28.99	29.05		Ns.	—	Cms.	—	Cs.	—
11	71	N.E.	85	N.W. by N.	82	S.W.	79	80	Fresh breezes this afternoon, N.N.W. horizon red after twilight. Lightning. Storm of wind	29.18	29.10	29.04	Cs.	S.W.	Ns.	—	Ns.	—
12	76	Calm	87	N.W.	81	N.W. by N.	81	79	Lightning in the evening	29.00	28.97	29.04	Ns, Cs,	S.W.	Cs.	—	Ns.	N.
13	79	S.	85	W.	86	Calm	83	81	Thunder shower and heavy wind from from N.W. about 1 o'clock this morning—rain 1½ inches	29.07	29.00	29.03	Cs, Ns,	NW., NE.	Cms, Ns.	S.W.	Ns, Cs,	E.
14	77	W.S.W.	81	N.E.	82	Calm	80	78	Thunder showers and heavy wind this morning about 1 o'clk. rain ½ inch—noon L. ¼ inch rain	29.03	29.13	29.13	Cs,	—	Ns.	—	Ns,	N.N.E.
15	75	W.S.W.	84	W.N.W.	82		80	81	Very light breezes	29.22	29.21	29.23	S.	—	Cs, Cm,	—	Cs,	—
16	69	W.N.W.	77	N.W.	76	N.N.W.	74	78	Very light breezes	29.27	29.27	29.25	C, Cs,	W.N.W.	Cms,	—	Cs,	—
17	54	N.N.E.	73	S.S.E.	72	N.W.	66	73	Very light breezes. Stratus at night	29.34	29.31	29.31	Cms,	—	Cms.	—	Cs,	—
18	54	N.W.	73	E. by N.	74	N.N.W.	67	70	Pleasant wea. Even. S. in N.E.	29.34	29.34	29.31	S.	—	Cs,	—	Cs.	—
19	54	N.N.E.	75	E.	76	S.S.E.	68	72	Pleasant weather	29.34	29.34	29.34	Cmc.	—	Cs.	—	Cs.	—
20	64	S.E.	80	W.N.W.	73	E. by S.	72	72	Light breezes	29.34	29.30	29.24	Cs.	—	Cm, Cs,	—	Cs.	—
21	68	E. by S.	75	E. by S.	70	S.S.E.	71	72	Light breezes	29.21	29.15	29.15	Ns.	—	Ns, Cm,	S.W.	—	—
22	70	E.	80	S. by W.	77	S.E.	75	75	Fresh breezes. T. storm in even.	29.06	28.97	28.97	Ns.	S.	Cms, Cml,	—	Ns	S.W.
23	68	Calm	73	S.S.E.				75	Several showers of rain to-day. L. incessant in the evening	29.00	29.00		Ns.	—	Cs, Cml,	N.W., S.	Cm, Ns,	S.S.W.
24	72	Calm	83	S.E.	82	N.E.	79	75	Fr. brs. T. storm with R. in even.	29.02	29.10	29.12	Cm, Cs,	—	Cms, Cs,	N.N.W.	Ns,	—
25	72	N.W. by N.	83	N.N.E.	80	N. by W.	78	76	Fresh breezes. Light rain this morning. L. in the evening	29.16	29.17	29.16	Cms,	N.N.W.	Cm,	N.N.W.	C,	N.W.
26	65	Calm	83	N.	72	W.	73	76	Fresh breezes	29.20	29.20	29.13	C, Cml,	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
27	64	N.W.	84	S.S.E.	75	E.S.E.	74	76	Thick fog over the river this morn.	29.13	29.13	29.06	S.	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
28	69	E.	86	S. by E.	84	N.E.	79	78	Strong breezes in the afternoon. Evening L. and shower at night	29.10	29.10	29.06	C,	—	Cms,	—	Cms,	—
29	72	E.N.E.	88	S.W. by S.	80	S.	80	77	Strong breezes	29.12	29.06	29.03	C,	N.	Cs, C,	—	Cs, Cms,	—
30	74	W.S.W.	89	E.S.E.	83	S.E. by E.	82	82	Moderate brs. Noon T. Even. L.	29.08	29.01	29.00	Ns.	—	Cms, Cml,	S.W.	Cms, Cs,	—
31	72	N.E. by N.	86	N.N.W.	82	E. by N.	80	86	Moderate breezes	29.00	28.90	28.88	Ns	—	Cms. Cs	N.E., S.W.	—	—

Remarkable Phenomena.—On the 7th, 170 miles from mouth of Missouri river at 9 o'clock, P.M. discovered a comet bearing nearly N.W. Observed its distance from North Star to be 49° 38´.—8th, 57 minutes past 8 P.M. observed distance of comet from North Star 48° 46´, bearing at same time N. 43°, W. Altitude 7°.

17th—Franklin, Missouri—Magnetic intensity 26 oscillations per minute. 28th—At our Camp—Magnetic intensity 25 oscillations per minute.

{xlviii} Meteorological Register {xlix} for the Month of AUGUST, 1819

Day of Month	MORNING		MID-DAY		EVENING		Mean Temp.	Mean Temp. at Ger­man­town	REMARKS	BAROMETER			MODIFICATIONS AND COURSES OF CLOUDS
													Morn­ing		Mid-Day		Eve­ning
	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind				Morn­ing	Noon	Eve­ning	Clouds	Courses	Clouds	Courses	Clouds	Courses
1	72	N.W.	85	N.	82	S.E.	79	88	Frequent showers of rain, ⅛ of an inch rain since yesterday morn.	28.87	28.77	28.74	Ns.	N.E.	Cml.	N.E.	Cs.
2	69	Calm	78	E. by S.	74	E. by S.	73	86		28.72	28.68	28.68	Ns.		Ns.		Ns.
3	68		82	S.W.	74	W. by S.	74	78		28.68	28.70	28.74	Ns.		Ns.		Ns.
4	73	S.	84	S.	78	W.	78	76	Frequent showers of rain, ½ an inch of rain since yesterday morning	28.79	28.77	28.77	Ns.	E.	Cm,		C, Cs.
5	68	S.S.W.	86	W.	76	S.W.	76	75	Light sprinkles of rain	28.83	28.80	28.80
6	71	W.	88	W.	80	W.	79	75	Cloudy all day	28.86		28.85	Cs.		Cs.		Cs.
7	71	S.W.	84	W.S.W.	81	W.S.W.	78	79	Light sprinkles of rain last night and this afternoon	28.90	28.82	28.82	Ns.		Cs.		Cms.
8	71	Calm	84	N.E.	80	S.W. by S.	78	82	Sprinkles of rain this forenoon	28.82	28.74	28.74	Ns.		Cs.		Cms.
9	70	S.S.W.	88	Calm	84	Calm	80	80	Sultry	28.75	28.74	28.74	Cs, Cms,		Fair		Cm,
10	70	S.S.E.	88	S.	84	E.S.E.	80	82	Sultry. Light in S.E. this evening	28.80	28.80	28.80	Fair		Cm.	S.S.W.	Fair
11	72	E.N.E.	90	S.S.E.	85	E.S.E.	82	79	Pleasant brs. L. in N. this	28.86	28.86	28.78	Fair		Cm,	S.S.W.	C, Cs,
12	72	Calm	92	W.	85	E.N.E.	83	81	Fresh breezes. Lightning in N.W.	28.84	28.80	28.74	Cs.		Cs, Cms,		Cs,
13	75	Calm	91	S.W.	86	S.S.E.	84	82	Fresh breezes. Night meteors shooting to the north	28.77	28.70	28.70	Cm, Cs,		Cm,		Cm, Cs,
14	77	Calm	93	S.	87	S.	85	82	Fresh breezes. No dew	28.70	28.63	28.62
15	76	S.E.	92	S.	86	S.S.W.	84	79	Fresh breezes. No dew	28.62	28.60	28.57
16	76	Calm	90	Calm	87	N.	84	72	Light breezes. Shower of rain in the morn. No dew in the even.	28.57	28.63	28.64	Ns.	N.W.	Ns.		Ns, Cs,
17	74	E.N.E.	90	N.E.	86	N.N.E.	83	79	Light breezes	28.66	28.66	28.66	Cs,		Cs, Cml,	S.W., N.E.
18	73	W.S.W.	86	Calm	81	E.N.E.	89	72	Light brs. noon. Rain in the E.	28.70	28.67	28.67	Cs,		Cs, Cm,	S.W., N.E.	Ns.	E.
19	74	Calm	83	E.N.E.	80	E.N.E.	79	74		28.74	28.74	28.74	Ns.		Cms.	N.E.
20	76	S.S.E.	85	E.	81	E.	80	76		28.80	28.75	28.68	Fair		Cm, Cs,		C.
21	68	Calm	84	W.N.W.	78	N.W.	76	77	Hard shower of rain from North—3/16 of an inch of rain	28.68	28.63	28.66	Ns.		Ns.
22	61	N.W.	76	N.N.E.	68	N.N.W.	68	78	Windy	28.84	28.85	28.88
23	50	W.	72	Calm	67	N.W.	63	70		29.18	28.85	28.85	Cs.
24	54	S.S.E.	73	S.S.E.	70	S.S.E.	65	66	Windy	28.85	28.77	28.77	Cs.
25	60	S.E.	83	S.S.E.		S.S.E.		62	Strong gale of wind during the day	28.83	28.65	28.65	C,		C,	E.	C,	E.
26	68	S.	86	S.S.E.	80	S.S.E.	78		Strong gale of wind. Evening, rain	28.72	28.66	28.63	Cs,		Cs, Cm,	S.W.	Ns.
27	71	E.	70	N.	69	N.	70	64	Strong gale of wind. Morn. rain	28.63	28.75	28.75	Ns.	N.W.	Cs, Cm,	W., N.W.
28	50	N.W.	79	N.W.	66	E.N.E.	65	65	Strong gale of wind	28.94	28.78	28.79	Fair		Cs.
29	50	N.N.E.	75	E.S.E.				70	Fresh breezes	29.00	28.84
30	50	E.S.E.	84	S.S.W.	71	S.W.	68	69	Fresh breezes	28.97	28.67	28.54
31	62	S.	93	W.S.W.	84	S.W.	79	71	Windy	28.57	28.44	28.45	Cs,		Fair		Fair

Remarkable Phenomena.—On the evening of the 2d, when the moon was about 8° above the horizon, brilliant rays of light appeared very distinctly to proceed from a point 5° or 6° to the north of the moon. Same phenomenon on the evening of the 3d.

Fort Osage, August 4th, magnetic intensity 26½.

Fall of rain on the 26th instant 3-16ths of an inch—27th ½ an inch.

{l} Meteorological Register {li} for the Month of SEPTEMBER, 1819

Day of Month	MORNING		MID-DAY		EVENING		Mean Temp.	Mean Temp. at Ger­man­town	REMARKS	BAROMETER			MODIFICATIONS AND COURSES OF CLOUDS
													Morn­ing		Mid-Day		Eve­ning
	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind				Morn­ing	Noon	Eve­ning	Clouds	Courses	Clouds	Courses	Clouds	Courses
1	75	N.W.	92	S.S.E.	88	S.W.	85	75	Windy	28.45	28.40	28.40	C,	—	C, Cm,	—	Cs,	—
2	75	N.W.	88	E.S.E.	74	Calm	79	78	Light breezes. Lightning in S.W. at midnight	28.41	29.20	29.20	Fair	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
3	63	S.S.E.	90	S.W.	78	S.W.	77	80	Hard thunder shower from W.S.W. this afternoon, lightning in N.W. in the evening	28.70	28.47	28.47	C, Cs,	S.W., W.	Cs.	N.W.	Ns.	S.W.
4	76	S.W.	90	S.S.E.	82	S.S.E.	82	78	Some rain last night	28.47	28.47	28.47	C,	S.W.	Fair	—	Cs,	W.
5	71	N.N.W.	70	N.N.W.	71	N.N.W.	70	79	Rain and lightning last night, and a shower at noon	28.63	28.58	28.58	Cs. Cml,	W., N.W.	Ns.	S.E.	Ns.	S.
6	66	S.E.	84	N.W.	72	N.W.	74	79	Thunder storm from S.E. last night, and another from N.W. this afternoon, and during part of the night, with rain, and some hail in the night	28.58	28.50	28.50	Cs. Cml,	N.W., S.	Cs,	—	Ns.	—
7	70	N.W.	85	E.S.E.	78	N.N.W.	77	80	Violent thunder storm from N.N.W. with a little hail this afternoon	28.50	28.44	28.44	Ns,	—	Cm.	—	Ns.	—
8	65	N.E.	85	E.S.E.	76	E.S.E.	75	80		28.56	29.60	29.60	Fair	—	Fair	—	Cs,	—
9	65	E.S.E.	92	S.E.	75	S.E.	74	77	Thunder in the W. and some appearance of rain this afternoon—evening lightning in the N.	28.65	28.55	28.55	C, Cm,	—	C, Cm,	—	Ns,	—
10	70	Calm	87	S.S.E.	80	S.E.	79	70		28.68	28.68	28.68	Fair	—	Cm,	—	Cm.Cs,	—
11	72	Calm	77	S.	76	S.E.	75	65	Frequent light sprinkles of rain to-day, rain in the morning	28.66	28.66	28.63	Ns.	—	Ns.	—	Ns.	—
12	74	S.S.E.	82	S.	76	Calm	77	68		28.63	28.64	28.64	Ns.	—	Ns.	—	Fair	—
13	62	N.	74	N.N.W.	67	N.N.W.	67	62	Very windy and squally all day	28.76	28.84	28.84	Ns.	—	Cs.	—	Fair	—
14	50	W.	69	E.N.E.	60	E.N.E.	59	59	Cool breezes. S. from river at night	29.10	28.92	28.86	Fair	—	Cm,	—	Fair	—
15	50	S.W.	74	S.S.W.	68	S.S.W.	64	64	Remarkably clear sky all this day	28.92	28.70	28.68	Fair	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
16	56	N.E.	78	S.	71	S.	68	65	Remarkably clear sky all this day	28.75	28.64	28.65	Fair	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
17	55	S.	85	E.N.E.	78	E.N.E.	72	65	Remarkably clear sky all this day	28.75	28.60	28.60	Fair	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
18	58	Calm	90	S.E.	75	S.E.	74	66		28.60	28.50	28.50	Fair	—	Cs,	N.W.	Fair	—
19	56	N.N.W.	84	S.E.	72	S.E.	70	66		28.70	28.68	28.68	Fair	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
20	58	S.E.	70	S.E.	69	S.S.W.	65	60	Night S. from the river and nimbus in N.W. horizon	28.80	28.70	28.70	S, Ns,	—	S, Cml,	—	S.	—
21	56	E.S.E.	80	E.S.E.	74	S.E.	70	56	Fresh gales of wind	28.70	28.54	28.54	S, Cs,	—	Cs,	N.W.	Cs,	—
22	60	E.S.E.	76	S.E.	72	Calm	69	62	Atmosphere thick and smoky	28.56	28.46	28.56	C, C,	—	Cs,	—	Cs,	N.W.
23	54	N.	64	N.N.W.	58	N.W.	58	68	Windy	28.66	28.66	28.66	Cs,	N.W.	Cs,	N.W.	Fair	—
24	41	N.	64	N.	55	Calm	53	68	Windy	28.78	28.57	28.57	Fair	—	Fair	—	S,	—
25	34	Calm	70	Calm	59	Calm	54	66	Frost last night	28.80	28.54	28.54	Fair	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
26	45	S.E.	82	S.E.	71	S.E.	66	62	Atmosphere very smoky, occasioned by the neighbouring prairies being on fire	28.50	28.37	28.37	Fair	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
27	54	Calm	80	S.E.	67	S.E.	67	61	28.37	28.43	28.43	Fair	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
28	54	E.S.E.	77	S.E.	70	S.E.	67	60	28.70	28.64	28.64	Fair	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
29	54	E.S.E.	85	S.E.	80	S.E.	73	60	28.65	28.50	28.50	—	—	—	—	—	—
30	62	Calm	86	N.W.	73	N.W.	73	66	28.50	28.54	28.50	Cs,	—	Fair	—	Cs,	N.W.

Note. The Expedition arrived at Engineer Cantonment, their wintering post, on the 17th instant.

September 3d, fall of rain 7-8 inch—4th, 1-8 inch—5th, 5-8 inch—7th, 3-8 inch—8th, 5-8 inch.

{lii} Meteorological Register {liii} for the Month of OCTOBER, 1819

Day of Month	MORNING		MID-DAY		EVENING		Mean Temp.	Mean Temp. at Ger­man­town	REMARKS	BAROMETER			MODIFICATIONS AND COURSES OF CLOUDS
													Morn­ing		Mid-Day		Eve­ning
	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind				Morn­ing	Noon	Eve­ning	Clouds	Courses	Clouds	Courses	Clouds	Courses
1	46	Calm	86	N.W.	74	N.W.	68	65	Atmosphere thick with smoke	28.73	28.54	28.56	Cml,	N.W.	Fair	—	Fair	—
2	50	Calm	73	E.	65	E.	62	—	Atmosphere thick with smoke	28.74	28.62	28.62	Fair	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
3	54	S.E.	75	S.E.	72	Calm	67	—	Atmosphere thick with smoke	28.54	28.45	28.38	Fair	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
4	64	E.S.E.	90	S.E.	86	S.E.	80	56	Atmosphere thick with smoke	28.38	28.28	28.28	Fair	—	Fair	—	C,	S.W.
5	72	S.E.	88	S.S.E.	82	S.S.E.	80	60	Windy and squally. Atmosphere thick with smoke	28.38	28.35	28.35	Cml,	—	Cm,	—	C,	—
6	68	S.E.	71	S.E.	47	N.W.	62	66	Light rain this morning	28.40	28.33	28.40	Ns.	S.W.	Ns.	—	Ns.	—
7	36	N.W.	39	N.W.	38	N.W.	37	66	Windy	28.70	28.80	28.87	Ns.	—	Ns.	—	Ns.	—
8	32	N.W.	38	N.W.	36	N.W.	35	67	A little ice and snow last night. Windy and light snow this even.	28.96	28.94	28.94	Ns.	—	Ns.	—	Ns.	—
9	31	N.W.	48	N.W.	44	N.W.	41	70	Frost last night—windy to-day	28.88	28.83	28.72	Fair	—	C,	—	Fair	—
10	38	S.E.	68	N.N.W.	55	N.N.W.	53	58	Windy	28.71	28.66	28.67	C,	—	C, Cml,	—	Ns.	—
11	35		56	E.S.E.	52	E.S.E.	47	53	Light sprinkles of rain to-day	28.88	28.88	28.96	Fair	—	Ns.	—	Ns.	W.N.W.
12	43	Calm	53	N.E.	49	Calm	48	54	Fresh breezes of wind all this day	29.21	29.20	29.23	Ns.	—	Cs,	N.W.	Cml,	—
13	28	Calm	57	S.E.	47	Calm	44	46	Frost last night	29.45	29.28	29.25	Fair	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
14	42	S.E.	70	S.E.	62	Calm	58	47		29.16	28.90	28.83	Fair	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
15	44	N.N.E.	58	N.N.E.	53	N.W.	51	52		28.69	28.64	28.65	C,	N.	Cml,	—	Cml,	—
16	30	N.W.	53	N.W.	42	W.	41	57	Frost last night	28.87	28.78	28.78	Fair	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
17	26	S.E.	59	E.S.E.	51	S.E.	45	49	Frost last night—water also froze in a vessel left out	28.90	28.75	28.75	Fair	—	C,	W.	C,	N.W.
18	43	N.N.W.	57	W.N.W.	53	W.N.W.	51	46	Windy	28.64	28.61	28.61	C,	N.W.	Cm,	N.W.	Ns,	N.W.
19	40	N.W.	53	N.W.	45	N.W.	46	46	High wind this day	28.76	28.76	28.76	Cm,	N.W.	Cm,	N.W.	Ns.	—
20	29	Calm	53	N.W.	45	W.N.W.	42	47	Hail last night	28.95	28.95	29.00	Cm,	—	Cm,	—	Cm.	—
21	28	Calm	49	S.E.	46	S.E.	41	48	Heavy frost last night	29.16	29.00	28.88	Cs,	N.W.	Cs,	N.W.	Fair	—
22	38	Calm	74	Variable	65	N.W.	59	42	High wind this afternoon. Fog on the river this morning	28.66	28.35	28.45	C,	N.W.	C,	—	Fair	—
23	40	N.W.		N.W.		N.W.		46	High winds	28.78			C,	—	C,	—	C,	—
24		N.W.		N.W.		N.W.		48	High winds				Cs.	—	C,	—	C,	—
25		S.S.W.		S.S.W.		S.S.W.		39	High winds				C,	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
26	29	Calm	56	S.E.	54	S.E.	46	42		28.92	28.88	28.90	C,	N.W.	C,	—	Fair	—
27	32	Calm	59	Calm	56	Calm	49	50		28.94	28.88	28.88	C,	N.W.	C,	N.W.	C	N.W.
28	32	Calm	68	S.S.W.	66	S.S.W.	55	53		28.96	28.73	28.67	Fair	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
29	39	Calm	61	N.	57	N.	51	52	Frost last night, smoky atmosphere to-day	28.83	28.74	28.69	—	—	—	—	—	—
30	31	Calm	52	S.E.	54	S.E.	45	52	Atmosphere filled with dense smoke	28.88	28.73	28.64	—	—	—	—	—	—
31	50	N.W.	77	N.W.	61	N.W.	62	43	Atmosphere filled with dense smoke	28.48	28.48	28.48	C,	N.W.	C,	N.W.	C,	N.W.

Remarkable Phenomena.—The Aurora Borealis appeared in N.N.E. at 8 o'clock on the evening of the 12th, near the horizon, and continued but a short time.

The atmosphere has been very thick with smoke during this month generally, occasioned by the burning of the prairies. This appearance has generally been near the horizon, but at some times, particularly in the latter part of the month, the whole of the sky has been obscured by smoke, bearing much resemblance in the morning, when there was little wind, to a thick fog.

6th—Fall of rain 3-16ths of an inch.

{liv} Meteorological Register {lv} for the Month of NOVEMBER, 1819

Day of Month	MORNING		MID-DAY		EVENING		Mean Temp.	Mean Temp. at Ger­man­town	REMARKS	BAROMETER			MODIFICATIONS AND COURSES OF CLOUDS
													Morn­ing		Mid-Day		Eve­ning
	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind				Morn­ing	Noon	Eve­ning	Clouds	Courses	Clouds	Courses	Clouds	Courses
1	52	N.W.	63	N.W.	54	N.W.	56	—	Windy and boisterous	28.70	28.63	28.73	Fair	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
2	33	S.E.	65	Var.	60	N.W.	52	50	Strong winds. Gust at 2 P.M.	28.75	28.45	28.50	C.	N.W.	C,	N.W.	C,	—
3	44	N.W.	54	N.W.	53	N.W.	50	49	Windy	28.65	28.67	28.66	C,	N.W.	C,	N.W.	C,	N.W.
4	32	Calm	64	N.W.	58	N.W.	51	47	Windy	28.53	28.49	28.49	Cms,	N.W.	C,	—	C,	—
5	44	S.E.	54	S.E.	57	S.E.	51	44	Windy. Atmos. dense with smoke	28.50	28.18	28.09	C,	W.	—	—	—	—
6	46	N.W.	50	N.W.	47	N.W.	47	43	Very windy and boisterous	28.65	28.71	28.82	C,	—	C,	—	C,	—
7	30	S.E.	54	S.E.	56	S.E.	46	50	Windy	28.95	28.64	28.48	Cs,	N.W.	—	—	—	—
8	47	S.E.	68	S.E.	56	S.E.	57	—	Light wind. Atmos. very smoky	28.35	28.22	28.30	—	—	—	—	—	—
9	30	Calm	40	N.W.	44	N.W.	38	47	Light wind. A little rain at evening, with thunder and lightning	28.68	28.60	28.60	—	—	—	—	Ns.	—
10	57	S.	58	S.	54	S.	56	48	Rainy until noon	28.35	28.13	28.13	Ns.	—	Ns.	S.S.E.	Cml,	S.S.E.
11	36	Var.	53	S.	52	S.	47	49	Light brs. Atmosphere very clear	28.53	28.53	28.47	Fair	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
12	38	N.W.	40	N.W.	36	N.W.	38	56	A little rain last night	28.59	28.80	28.80	Ns,	N.W.	Ns.	—	Ns.	—
13	38	S.E.	41	S.E.	43	S.E.	40	50	Fresh breezes	28.89	28.70	28.56	Ns,	S.E.	Cs,	—	C,	—
14	38	S.E.	64	Calm	48	Calm	50	41	Mild weather	28.41	28.33	28.35	C,	—	C,	N.W.	Cs,	—
15	45	S.E.	56	S.E.	50	N.W.	50	37	Mild. At sunset wind N.W.	28.10	27.90	28.10	Cs,	W.N.W.	C,	—	Cs,	W.
16	33	Calm	52	N.W.	50	N.W.	45	50	Frost last night. Light winds	28.44	28.43	28.47	Fair	—	C,	N.W.	Cms,	—
17	34	S.E.	46	S.E.	43	Calm	41	59	Frost last night	28.60	28.46	28.51	C,	N.W.	Cs,	N.W.	Cs,	N.W.
18	24	Calm	42	Sy.	43	S.E.	36	47	Heavy frost last night.	28.90	28.70	28.56	Cs,	N.W.	Ns,	N.W.	Ns,	N.W.
19	44	S.E.	61	Sy.	61	Sy.	55	43	Moderate wind	28.30	28.21	28.31	Cs,	W.	Cs,	W.	C,	W.N.W.
20	39	N.	43	N.	41	N.	41	—	Windy	28.75	28.76	28.80	Cs.	—	C,	W.N.W.	Cs,	—
21	36	S.E.	38	S.E.	39	S.E.	37	47	Rain before daylight	28.94	28.83	28.76	Ns.	—	Ns.	—	Ns.	—
22	40	N.W.	42	N.W.	40	N.	40	38	Rain last night	28.83	28.92	28.97	Ns,	N.W.	Ns,	N.W.	Ns.	N.W.
23	37	E.	39	S.E.	42	S.E.	39	46	Rain last night. Ground covered with sleet in the morning	28.95	28.69	28.57	Ns.	S.E.	Ns.	—	Ns.	—
24	35	W.	43	W.	44	W.	40	—	Rainy last night	28.54	28.55	28.62	C,	S.W.	Fair	—	Fair	—
25	36	S.E.	39	S.E.	43	S.E.	39	48	Heavy frost last night. Lit. rn. even.	28.72	28.60	28.55	Ns.	S.W.	Ns.	—	Ns.	—
26	18	N.W.	22	N.W.	23	N.W.	21	48	Snow ⅛ in. Little ice in river	29.13	29.08	29.13	Cml,	N.W.	Cml,	N.W.	Cml,	N.W.
27	10	Calm	20	S.E.	25	S.E.	18	51	Much floating ice in river	29.43	29.25	29.21	Fair	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
28	20	S.E.	34	S.E.	36	S.E.	30	39	Frost last night	29.14	29.08	28.95	Fair	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
29	29	S.E.	40	S.E.	40	S.E.	36	—	Floating ice increasing in river	29.02	28.91	28.87	Fair	—	Cml,	N.W.	Cs,	—
30	30	Calm	55	Calm	42	Calm	42	35	Floating ice increasing in river Fair	28.85	28.77	28.77	Fair	—	C,	N.W.	C,	N.W.

Remarkable Phenomena.—The atmosphere continued its smoky appearance until the 11th, appearing to be produced by southerly and south-easterly winds, and carried off by north and north-westerly ones.

November 10th, fall of rain ½ inch—23d, ¾ inch—24th, ½ inch.

{lvi} Meteorological Register {lvii} for the Month of DECEMBER, 1819

Day of Month	MORNING		MID-DAY		EVENING		Mean Temp.	Mean Temp. at Ger­man­town	REMARKS	BAROMETER			MODIFICATIONS AND COURSES OF CLOUDS
													Morn­ing		Mid-Day		Eve­ning
	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind				Morn­ing	Noon	Eve­ning	Clouds	Courses	Clouds	Courses	Clouds	Courses
1	34	Calm	51	N.W.	46	N.W.	43	37	Thawing	28.94	28.80	28.88	Cs,	N.W.	C,	W.	Fair
2	32	S.E.	41	S.E.	43	S.E.	38	34	No floating ice in river	28.90	28.85	28.72	Cs,		Cs,		Fair
3	32	S.E.	53	S.E.	49	S.E.	44	30	Thawing	28.56	28.55	28.63	Fair		Fair		Fair
4	34	E.	39	E.	39	E.	37	39	Frost last night	28.88	28.78	28.80	C,	N.W.	C,		Cs,
5	33	S.	40	Calm	43	Calm	38	32	Rain at mid-day	28.85	28.61	28.61	Ns,	S.	Ns.		Ns.
6	42	S.E.	45	S.	42	S.	43	34	Drizzling, A.M.	28.74	28.63	28.70	Ns.		Ns.	N. & S.	Ns,
7	36	S.E.	44	Calm	43	Calm	41	43	Frost last night	28.87	28.73	28.74	C,	W.N.W.	Cs,	W.N.W.	Cs,
8	38	N.W.	42	N.W.	39	N.W.	39	45	Light winds	28.84	28.89	29.02	Ns.	W.	Ns.		Cml,	N.W.
9	23	S.E.	32	S.E.	32	S.E.	29	42	Heavy frost last night	29.28	29.00	28.97	C,	N.W.	C,	N.W.	C,	N.W.
10	32	S.E.	34	S.E.	34	S.E.	33	—	Windy	28.77	28.60	28.58	Ns.	S.E.	Ns.		Ns,
11	31	S.E.	36	S.E.	34	S.E.	33	27	Windy	28.75	28.70	28.70	Ns.	S.E.	Ns.	S.E.	Ns.	S.E.
12	34	Calm	36	Calm	36	Calm	35	29	A little snow, hail, and rain last night. Float. ice this morn.	28.57	28.44	28.44	Ns.		Ns.		Ns.
13	28	N.W.	32	N.W.	26	N.W.	28	30	Floating ice/river	28.47	28.36	28.46	Cml.	W.N.W.	Ns.	N.W.	Ns.	N.W.
14	20	N.W.	28	N.W.	24	N.W.	24	34	Floating ice/river	28.78	28.80	28.83	Ns.	N.W.	Ns.	N.W.	Ns.	N.W.
15	15	N.W.	20	N.W.	19	N.W.	18	33	Frost last night. Much floating ice this morn.	29.25	29.14	29.08	Fair		Cml,	N.N.W.	Ns.
16	14	S.E.	24	S.E.	21	S.E.	19	34	A little snow in flakes at noon	29.09	29.04	28.91	Ns,		Ns.		Ns.	N.W.
17	21	S.W.	35	S.W.	37	S.W.	31	34	Frost last night	28.72	28.62	28.50	Fair		C, Cml,	NW., SW.	C,	S.W.
18	29	N.W.	28	N.W.	27	N.W.	28	33	Very windy	28.49	28.54	28.50	Ns.		Ns.		Ns.
19	11	N.W.	38	N.W.	24	N.W.	24	45	Snow ¼ inch last night	28.72	28.60	28.60	Fair		Fair		C,
20	17	S.E.	55	S.E.	42	S.E.	38	39	Thawing	28.56	28.50	28.40	C,		Cs,	W.N.W.	Ns,
21	35	S.E.	19	N.W.	17	N.W.	23	35	Very high wind	28.14	28.30	28.49	Cml,	N.W.	Ns,	N.W.	Cs,	N.W.
22	1	N.W.	3	N.W.	1	N.W.	1	35	Ice made across river last night	29.00	28.73	28.83	Ns.		Ns.		Ns.
23	-10	N.W.	3	N.W.	1	N.W.	-2	40	A little snow fell yesterday	29.32	29.02	29.00	Cs,	S.W.	Cs,	S.W.	C,	S.W.
24	-8	S.W.	15	S.W.	19	S.W.	9	43	River entirely closed with ice	28.93	28.80	28.50	Fair		C,		Cs,	N.W.
25	18	Calm						28	Stratus in horizon at midnight	28.64			C,	N.W.	C,		C,
26	20	N.W.	43	N.W.	35	N.W.	32	28	Frost last night	28.58	28.31	28.51	Fair		Fair		Fair
27	9	Calm						32	Frost last night	28.68			C,		Cs.		Cs.
28	12	N.W.	21	N.W.	11	N.W.	14	25	Windy, slight snow. Icy particles in air	28.80	28.57	28.84	Ns.		Fair		Fair
29	4	S.E.	25	Calm	16	Calm	15	24	Frost last night	28.84	28.80	28.66	Cs,	N.W.	C,	N.W.	Cs,	N.
30	-4	N.W.	2	N.W.	-1	N.W.	-1	16	A little snow last night	28.98	28.95	28.95	Ns,	N.	Ns,	N.
31	-4	S.E.	15	S.E.	19	N.W.	10	14	Snow ¼ inch to-day	28.83	28.50	28.54	Ns.		Ns.		Cml,	N.W.

Remarkable Phenomena.—December 30th. This morning at sunrise there appeared two images of the sun about 22° or 23° N. and S. of, and in a horizontal line with the sun; the whole sky being obscured by dense cloud: neither the images nor the sun appeared very distinct, but presented the appearance of luminous spots. The appearance continued until about 11 o'clock.—This evening at half past five o'clock, a similar phenomenon accompanied the moon.—Around her there was a halo or luminous circle of about 45° in diameter. In the circumference of this circle, on each side the moon and in a horizontal line with her, there appeared an image similar to those described of the sun, though not quite so distinct. They did not continue long.

December 5th, fall of rain 1-16th of an inch.

{lviii} Meteorological Register {lix} for the Month of JANUARY, 1820

Day of Month	MORNING		MID-DAY		EVENING		Mean Temp.	Mean Temp. at Ger­man­town	REMARKS	BAROMETER			MODIFICATIONS AND COURSES OF CLOUDS
													Morn­ing		Mid-Day		Eve­ning
	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind				Morn­ing	Noon	Eve­ning	Clouds	Courses	Clouds	Courses	Clouds	Courses
1	16	N.W.	22	N.W.	20	N.W.	19	12	Little snow fell to-day	28.58	28.77	28.87	Ns.	—	Ns.	—	Cs.	—
2	13	N.W.	24	N.W.	18	N.W.	18	21		29.00	28.91	29.00	Ns,	—	C,	N.W.	Cs,	—
3	4	S.E.	35	S.E.	28	N.W.	22	—	Mild and fair	28.98	28.76	28.87	C,	N.W.	C,	N.W.	Fair	—
4	13	N.E.	31	N.W.	21	N.W.	21	26		29.04	28.97	29.03	Cs.	—	Cs.	—	C,	W.
5	0	S.E.	24	S.E.	19	S.E.	14	25	Fresh winds	29.19	29.02	29.04	C,	N.W.	Fair	—	Fair	—
6	20	S.E.	32	S.E.	28	S.E.	26	18	A little snow at evening	28.88	28.74	28.66	Cs.	N.	Ns.	—	Ns.	—
7	16	N.W.	40	Calm	35	N.W.	30	23	Thawing	28.60	28.44	28.57	Cs,	—	C,	—	Cs,	—
8	24	N.W.	32	N.N.E.	27	N.W.	27	35	Snow in flakes at evening	28.80	28.74	28.85	Cs.	—	Ns.	N.E.	Ns.	—
9	7	N.N.W.	14	N.W.	14	N.W.	11	35	Windy. Snow ½ inch last night	29.14	29.04	29.10	Ns.	—	Ns.	—	Ns.	—
10	-8	N.W.	3	N.W.	-3	N.W.	-3	27	Windy. Slight snow last night	29.15	29.12	29.21	Fair	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
11	-16	N.W.	-2	N.W.	-3	N.W.	-7	29	Moderate wind	29.48	29.27	29.21	Fair	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
12	7	S.E.	32	S.E.	36	N.W.	25	22	Strong wind, A.M. Little rain and snow, P.M.	28.63	28.58	28.62	Ns.	W.N.W.	Ns.	—	Ns.	—
13	10	N.W.	17	N.W.	13	N.W.	13	17	Snow, P.M.	28.77	28.75	28.78	Ns	N.W.	Ns.	—	Ns.	—
14	2	N.W.	21	N.W.	-1	N.W.	8	26	Fresh wd. Snow 6 inches last night	28.97	28.97	29.13	Ns.	—	Ns.	—	C,	—
15	-14	N.W.	-5	N.	-5	N.	-8	31	Fresh wind	29.40	29.40	29.40	Ns.	—	Ns.	—	Ns.	—
16	-9	N.W.	4	N.W.	1	N.W.	-1	25		29.22	28.98	28.96	Ns.	—	Cml.	—	—	—
17	-9	S.E.	11	S.E.	11	Sy.	-4	35	Snow ¼ inch at night	28.82	28.76	28.86	Cs,	—	Ns.	—	Ns.	—
18	-13	N.W.	9	N.W.	1	N.W.	-1	25	Light wind	29.06	28.93	28.90	Fair	—	Fair	—	Hazy	—
19	1	N.N.E.	9½	N.E.	2	N.W.	4	27	Snow 1 inch last night	28.83	28.83	28.86	Ns.	—	Ns.	—	Cs.	—
20	-5	S.E.	9	S.E.	11	S.E.	-5	22	Windy. Snow storm from 9 A.M.	28.70	28.59	28.60	Ns.	—	Ns.	—	Ns.	—
21	10	N.W.	13	N.W.	1	N.W.	8	25	Snow till 3 P.M. Snow 5 inches on 19th & 20th	28.85	28.99	29.15	Ns.	—	Ns.	—	Cml,	—
22	-15	N.W.	11	N.W.	-8	N.W.	-4	33	Light winds	29.33	29.27	29.26	Fair	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
23	-9	S.E.	11	S.E.	12	S.E.	5	29	Windy. Thermom. at 17°, P.M.	29.05	28.95	28.96	Cs,	W.N.W.	Cml,	—	Cs,	W.N.W.
24	19	N.W.	34	N.W.	19	N.W.	20	20		29.19	29.15	29.19	Cs.	—	Cs.	—	Cs.	W.
25	-5	S.E.	23	S.E.	23	S.E.	13	30	Windy	29.08	28.95	28.84	Ns.	S.W.	Cml,	S.S.W.	Cml,	S.S.W.
26	26	N.W.	33	N.W.	21	N.W.	26	23	Snow last night 4½ inches	28.42	28.42	28.61	Ns.	—	Cs.	—	Cs.	—
27	19	N.W.	23	N.W.	4	N.W.	15	32	Light breezes. Snow	28.78	28.85	28.96	Ns.	—	Ns.	—	Cs,	—
28	-15	S.E.	9	S.E.	5	S.E.	0	36	Windy	28.90	28.77	28.80	C,	S.W.	C,	S.W.	Cs,	—
29	6	S.E.	12	N.W.	-3	N.W.	5	21	Windy. A lit. snow, A.M.	28.75	28.71	28.95	Cml,	S.E.	Cs,	N.	Cs,	—
30	-26	S.E.	-2	S.E.	0	N.W.	-9	32		29.07	28.95	28.93	C,	—	C,	—	Cs,	—
31	-2	N.W.	-3	N.W.	-11	N.W.	-5	30	Windy, A.M.	29.30	29.38	29.41	Cs,	W.N.W.	Cs.	—	Cs.	—

Remarkable Phenomena.—January 18th. This morning a parhelion appeared around the sun as he rose, consisting of a mock sun, or image of the sun on each side of him in a horizontal line. From the image northward of the sun there issued a cone of light, the vertex of which was directed from the sun. There was no halo, and the mock suns were not well defined by any outline, though the morning was fair, and the sun shone bright. At eight o'clock the distance of the mock suns from each other, measured by a sextant, was found to be 44° 40´. At half past eight they had assumed the appearance of extended planes perpendicular to the horizon, and about 5° or 6° in length; breadth a little more than sun's diameter; soon after which they disappeared. N. B. See Remarkable Phenomena continued, on page lxviii [our page [288]], at the conclusion of the Meteorological Register.

{xlviii} Meteorological Register {lxi} for the Month of FEBRUARY, 1820

Day of Month	MORNING		MID-DAY		EVENING		Mean Temp.	Mean Temp. at Ger­man­town	REMARKS	BAROMETER			MODIFICATIONS AND COURSES OF CLOUDS
													Morn­ing		Mid-Day		Eve­ning
	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind				Morn­ing	Noon	Eve­ning	Clouds	Courses	Clouds	Courses	Clouds	Courses
1	-12	S.E.	-3	S.E.	-3	S.E.	-6	8	A little snow, A.M. and windy	29.06	28.87	28.81	Ns.	—	Cs,	—	Cs.	—
2	0	N.W.	7	N.W.	-2	N.W.	2	21	Fresh winds	28.80	28.77	28.88	Cs.	—	Cml,	—	Fair	—
3	-5	S.E.	13	S.E.	20	S.E.	9	33	Windy	28.85	28.69	28.67	C,	N.W.	Cs,	—	Cs,	—
4	4	S.E.	30	S.E.	33	S.E.	22	28	Windy. Thermom. 34°, P.M. Snow melting	28.84	28.65	28.60	C,	N.W.	C,	W.N.W.	C,	W.N.W.
5	39	S.E.	45	S.E.	19	N.W.	34	24	Thawing at noon	28.32	28.22	28.72	Cs,	W.	Cs,	—	Cml,	—
6	7	S.E.	35	S.E.	29	S.E.	23	40	Fresh wind. Thawing	29.00	28.87	28.72	Cs,	—	Cs.	—	Cml,	W.S.W.
7	4	S.E.	33	S.E.	34	S.E.	23	32	Damp & foggy. Light winds.	28.95	28.76	28.83	C,	—	Fair	—	C,	—
8	21	N.W.	33	N.E.	31	N.W.	28	35	Damp and foggy. Icy particles falling all day	28.75	28.60	28.69	Ns. S.	—	Ns.	—	Ns.	—
9	23	S.E.	41	S.E.	31	S.E.	31	31	Snow and ice melting	28.86	28.83	28.79	Ns.	—	Ns.	—	Ns.	—
10	12	S.E.	31	S.E.	38	S.E.	27	22	Snow and ice melting	28.84	28.58	28.66	C,	—	C,	N.W.	Fair	—
11	31	S.E.	44	W.N.W.	34	N.N.W.	36	31	Snow and ice melting	28.60	28.33	28.50	C,	—	C,	—	C,	—
12	26	N.W.	35	S.E.	31	S.E.	30	33	Little rain and snow	28.80	28.50	28.60	Cs.	—	Fair	—	C,	—
13	33	S.E.	46	S.E.		S.E.		49	Rain & hail last night. Windy and warm to-day	28.33	28.16		Cs,	—	C,	—	C,	—
14	34	N.W.	35	N.W.	37	N.W.	35	42	Violent wind all day with a little snow	28.24	28.26	28.33	Cs,	—	Ns.	—	Ns.	—
15	33	S.E.	39	S.E.	44	S.E.	38	51	Snow chiefly melted A little snow fell	28.24	28.00	27.80	Cs, Cml,	SSW, SSE	Ns.	S.S.E.	Cm,	—
16	32	N.W.	33	N.W.	29	N.W.	34	41	Violent wind last night & to-day, with some snow	27.96	28.21	28.43	Ns.	N.N.W.	Ns.	—	Cs,	—
17	20	N.W.	34	S.E.	31	S.E.	28	49	Moderate winds	28.76	28.55	28.66	Fair	—	C,	—	C,	—
18	27	S.E.	30	S.E.	30	S.E.	29	38	Windy	28.86	28.73	28.55	Cs.	N.N.W.	Cs,	—	Cs.	—
19	26	N.W.	23	N.W.	25	N.W.	24	29	Violent wind last nt.	28.44	28.69	28.89	Ns.	—	Cml,	N.N.W.	C,	—
20	20	N.W.	34	N.W.	30	N.W.	28	37	Moderate wind	28.96	28.86	28.87	Fair	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
21	33	S.E.	51	S.E.	47	S.E.	43	32	Thermometer at 55° Ice rapidly melting	28.74	28.50	28.42	Fair	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
22	35	N.W.	45	S.E.	37	S.E.	39	39	Fresh brs. Ice melting	28.53	28.47	28.49	C,	—	C,	N.W.	C,	N.W.
23	33	N.W.	47	N.W.	38	N.W.	39	44	Windy and squally Geese flying north	28.16	28.19	28.40	Cs,	—	Cms,	—	Fair	—
24	30	S.E.	54	S.E.	39	N.W.	41	53	Light breezes. Geese passing northwardly	28.30	28.07	28.08	Cs.	W.N.W.	Cs.	W.N.W.	C, Cs,	—
25	33	N.W.	44	N.W.	35	N.W.	37	45	Light breezes. Ducks passing down river	28.11	27.96	28.05	Cs,	—	Cs, Cml,	S.W., N.W.	Ns,	—
26	25	N.W.	39	N.W.	35	N.W.	33	48	Snow last night ⅛th inch	28.21	28.25	28.38	Ns,	N.W.	Cs, Cml,	W., NNW.	Cs,	—
27	21	N.W.	44	N.W.	40	N.W.	35	51	Frost last night	28.67	28.58	28.63	C,	—	Cs,	—	C,	—
28	34	Calm	57	S.E.	49	W.N.W.	46	41	Frost last night	28.87	28.73	28.73	Fair	—	C,	—	Fair	—
29	22	N.W.	60	S.E.	55	W.N.W.	45	32	Frost abundant. River begins to open	28.90	28.65	28.57	Fair	—	Fair	—	Fair	—

Remarkable Phenomena.—15th, Lightning in N.E. this evening between 7 and 8 o'clock—clear sky—fresh S.E. wind. During the violent wind to-day the rain gauge was blown from its station and broken.

22d.—Halo around the moon this evening at 40´ past 6—ascertained its diameter to be 45° 8´. Cirrus cloud all over the sky.

23d.—Halo around the moon this evening also.

{lxii} Meteorological Register {lxiii} for the Month of MARCH, 1820

Day of Month	MORNING		MID-DAY		EVENING		Mean Temp.	Mean Temp. at Ger­man­town	Rise or fall of Mis­sour­i in last 24 hours	REMARKS	BAROMETER			MODIFICATIONS AND COURSES OF CLOUDS
														Morn­ing		Mid-Day		Eve­ning
	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind			Inc.		Morn­ing	Noon	Eve­ning	Clouds	Courses	Clouds	Courses	Clouds	Courses
1	20	N.W.	32	N.W.	21	N.W.	24	40	-12	Violent winds	29.27	29.27	29.50	Fair	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
2	16	N.W.	26	S.E.	26	Calm	22	24	+ 1	Frost last night. Icy particles falling in the morning	29.42	29.10	29.00	C,	N.W.	Cs,	—	C,	—
3	21	N.W.	28	N.W.	24	N.W.	24	24	+ 5½	Strong wind. A little snow	28.90	28.90	28.94	Ns,	N.N.E.	Cml,	N.N.E.	Cml,	—
4	32	S.W.	50	S.E.	48	N.W.	43	31	+ 5	Frost last night. Fresh wind	28.67	28.84	28.84	C,	—	C,	—	Cs,	—
5	30	N.W.	28	N.W.	25	N.W.	27	41	- 2	Very clear sky all day	28.88	28.75	28.86	Fair	—	C,	N.W.	Cs,	N.
6	5	N.W.	13	N.W.	9	N.W.	9	44	+ 2½	Snow ¾ inch last night	29.14	29.04	29.12	Cs.	—	Cml,	N.E.	C,	—
7	6	N.W.	15	N.W.	14	N.W.	11	26	+27½	Frost last night	29.16	29.10	29.16	Fair	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
8	15	N.W.	16	N.N.E.	12	N.W.	14	28	+20	Frost last night	29.32	29.18	29.20	Fair	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
9	24	N.W.	23	E.S.E.	24	S.E.	23	31	+ 4	Frost last night	29.14	28.96	28.98	Fair	—	Fair	—	Cs,	—
10	20	Calm	35	S.E.	34	S.E.	29	33	- 5	Fresh wind. No geese, few ducks flying	29.20	29.18	29.18	Cs,	S.E.	Ns.	—	Ns.	—
11	28	S.E.	23	S.E.	25	S.E.	25	27	- 1½	Violent winds. Snow ¾ inch	29.20	29.14	29.00	Ns	—	Ns.	—	Ns.	—
12	31	S.E.	42	S.E.	37	S.E.	36	27	+ 7	Moderate winds	28.95	28.80	28.74	Ns. S	—	Ns.	—	Ns.	—
13	32	N.W.	46	N.W.	40	N.W.	39	34	+ ½	Rain last night	28.74	28.62	28.55	Ns. S	—	Cs,	—	Ns,	—
14	19	N.W.	33	N.W.	32	Calm	28	46	- 6	Frost last nt. Riv. break. up	28.76	28.67	28.67	Cml,	N.N.W.	Cml,	N.N.W.	Cml,	N.N.W.
15	22	N.W.	39	N.W.	34	N.W.	31	36	- 5	Frost last night	28.89	28.81	28.84	Cs.	W.N.W.	Cs.	W.N.W.	Cs,	W.N.W.
16	21	S.E.	51	N.W.	43	N.W.	38	40	- 3	Do. Moderate winds	28.94	28.72	28.77	Fair	—	Cml,	—	Cml,	—
17	24	N.W.	45	N.W.	36	Calm	35	43	- 3¼	Do. Light and var. winds	29.05	28.90	28.90	Cs	N.N.W.	Cs,	N.N.W.	Cs,	—
18	34	S.E.	61	S.E.	58	S.E.	51	40	-14¼	River open. Geese, swans, ducks, &c. flying up	28.82	28.60	28.50	Fair	—	C,	—	Cs,	—
19	39	N.W.	48	N.W.	41	N.W.	42	39	- 1½	A little rain, A.M.	28.75	28.75	28.88	Ns.	—	Ns.	—	Cml,	W.
20	25	Calm	48	N.W.	41	Calm	38	44	- 1½	A little rain, P.M.	29.10	28.90	28.83	Fair	—	Cml.	N.	Cml,	N.
21	25	Calm	58	N.W.	49	N.W.	44	42	+ 5	Frost. Geese, &c. flying Nly.	28.88	28.74	28.48	Fair	—	C,	—	C,	—
22	34	Calm	67	N.W.	58	N.W.	53	43	+10	Moderate wind	28.38	28.25	28.49	C,	N.W.	C,	W.	Cml,	—
23	38	S.E.	65	S.E.	68	S.E.	57	48	+42	Violent wind all day	28.58	28.26	28.20	Cs.	—	Cs.	S.E.	Cs,	W.
24	55	S.E.	65	S.	53	S.	57	54	+40	High wind, A.M. Showers P.M. Light in N.E. even.	28.30	28.30	28.40	Cs,	S.W.	Ns.	—	Cml,	—
25	38	N.W.	51	N.W.	46	N.W.	45	56	+10	Drizzly, A.M.	28.62	28.52	28.50	Ns.	—	Ns.	—	Cs,	S.
26	38	N.W.	40	N.W.	42	N.W.	40	57	-12	Heavy rain till 7 A.M. Some rain and snow afterwards	28.31	28.37	28.60	Ns.	—	Ns.	—	Cml,	—
27	29	Calm	56	S.E.	45	S.E.	43	57	+10	Frost last nt. A lit. rain P.M.	28.90	28.90	28.90	Cs,	—	Cs.	—	Cs.	—
28	39	S.E.	45	E.	38	N.E.	40	50	- 4½	Rain occas. through the day	28.87	28.91	29.02	Cml,	—	Ns,	E.	Cs.	—
29	28	N.W.	34	N.	32	N.E.	31	51	- 6	Fresh winds	29.27	29.30	29.28	Cml,	N.W.	Cml,	—	Cml,	—
30	28	S.E.	56	S.E.	52	S.	45	34	- 2	Heavy frost last night	29.03	28.89	28.72	C,	N.W.	Fair	—	Cml,	W.
31	35	Calm	57	N.E.	40	N.E.	44	34	+ 6	Windy P.M. and all night	28.53	28.60	28.34	Fair	—	C, Cs,	—	Cs.	—

Remarkable Phenomena.—Halo around the moon on the evening of the 21st.—Continued several hours. Same on the evening of the 23d, from 7 till 11 o'clock.

The ice on the Missouri broke and commenced moving on the 29th February; but a few days after it blocked up and continued stationary until the 14th of the present month, when it began to move again; and on the 18th it was entirely open and clear of ice. In this register an extra column is added, containing the daily rise or fall of the river. The sign—denotes the fall of the water during the last twenty-four hours, and the sign + denotes its rise during the same length of time. When the register was commenced the river was three feet above the low-water mark, or its lowest stage in the winter. Therefore on the 25th, when it was highest this month, it was thirteen feet five inches above its lowest stage in the winter.

{lxiv} Meteorological Register {lxv} for the Month of APRIL, 1820

Day of Month	MORNING		MID-DAY		EVENING		Mean Temp.	Mean Temp. at Ger­man­town	Rise or fall of Mis­sour­i in last 24 hours	REMARKS	BAROMETER			MODIFICATIONS AND COURSES OF CLOUDS
														Morn­ing		Mid-Day		Eve­ning
	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind			Inc.		Morn­ing	Noon	Eve­ning	Clouds	Courses	Clouds	Courses	Clouds	Courses
1	29	N.N.E.	28	N.W.	20	N.W.	25	52	+ 5	A light snow fell to-day	29.00	29.03	29.10	Ns.	—	Ns.	—	Cs.	—
2	15	N.N.E.	38	N.W.	27	N.W.	24	32	- 7	Geese, &c. flying S. to-day	29.16	29.08	29.10	Fair	—	Cs.	—	Fair	—
3	14	Calm	41	S.E.	46	E.	33	—	- 3	Large frost last night	29.08	28.90	28.70	Fair	—	Fair	—	Cs,	—
4	40	W.N.W.	64	N.W.	51	N.W.	51	—	+ 12	Strong wind	28.30	28.38	28.56	Cs,	—	Cml,	N.W.	Fair	—
5	29	N.W.	59	N.W.	49	Calm	45	—	+ 22	Strong wind	28.56	28.70	28.80	Fair	—	Cml,	—	C,	N.W.
6	41	S.E.	65	N.W.	55	N.W.	53	—	+ 5	Very windy. Large hail fell before sunrise	28.60	28.30	28.40	Cs.	—	Cs.	—	Cs.	—
7	41	N.W.	65	N.W.	52	N.W.	52	44	- 9	Windy. Light sprinkle of rain this afternoon	28.45	28.56	28.73	Fair	—	Cm,	N.W.	Ns.	—
8	32	Calm	57	N.W.	47	N.W.	45	46	0	Strong wind	28.94	28.75	28.84	Fair	—	C,	—	Cs,	—
9	40	S.E.	76	S.E.	70	S.E.	62	47	0	Windy	28.66	28.36	28.10	C,	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
10	50	S.	79	S.	69	N.W.	66	57	+ 28	Geese flying N. Strong wind	28.00	27.44	27.50	C, Cm,	W.N.W.	C,	N.W.	Cml,	N.W.
11	49	N.W.	69	N.W.	59	N.W.	59	—	+ 12	Strong wind	28.32	28.32	28.39	C,	—	Cs,	—	Cs,	N.W.
12	35	S.E.	65	S.E.	64	Calm	54	56	+ 14	Very strong wind	28.48	27.94	28.35	Cml,	—	Cml,	S.W.	Cml,	S.W.
13	48	S.E.	80	S.E.	72	S.E.	66	52	- 12	Lt. in N. and N.W. Windy	28.30	28.00	28.00	Cml,	N.W.	—	—	Cs, Cm,	S.W.
14	50	S.E.	68	S.E.	70	Calm	62	54	- 16	Rain and thunder in aftern.	28.25	28.05	27.90	Ns,	S.	Ns.	—	Cs,	—
15	51	S.E.	71	S.E.	72	S.E.	64	55	- 7½	Fresh wind. Lightn. in N. W	28.20	28.10	28.10	Cml,	S.W.	Cml,	—	Ns.	—
16	49	S.E.	62	S.E.	64	S.E.	58	49	- 4	Rainy	28.40	28.25	28.20	Ns.	N.E.	Ns.	N.E.	Cs.	—
17	50	S.E.	66	S.E.	79	S.E.	65		- 4½	Lightning last night	28.23	28.05	27.96	Ns.	—	Ns.	—	Cml,	—
18	53	S.E.	82	S.E.	82	S.	72		- 5½	Fresh wind	28.03	27.60	27.72	Fair	—	Fair	—	Cml,	S.W.
19	63	S.	79	S.E.					- 3	Strong wind	27.40	27.40		Cs.	—	Cs.	—	Cml,	—
20	59	S.	65	S.E.	62	Calm	62		- 2½	Strong wind	28.30	28.30	28.33	Cs,	—	Cs,	—	Cs,	—
21	54	S.E.	71	N.W.	74	N.W.	66		- 3	Fresh breeze	28.40	28.20	28.10	Fair	—	Cml,	—	Cs,	—
22	55	N.W.	76	S.E.	70	N.W.	67		- 3	Wind very strong at mid-day	28.40	27.94	28.08	Fair	—	Cs,	—	Cs,	—
23	58	S.E.	84	S.E.	83	S.E.	75		0	Strong wind	28.25	27.60	27.15	C,	—	—	—	Cml,	—
24	65	S.E.	79	S.E.	80	E.S.E.	74		- 2	Fresh wind. Violent rain and hail storm after sunset, ⅓ inch rain in one hour	27.97	27.76	27.77	Cml, Cs,	—	Cs,	—	Cs.	—
25	50	N.W.	52	N.W.	57	N.W.	53		- ½	Rain to-day	28.54	28.60	28.50	Cs.	—	Cs,	—	C,	—
26	42	N.W.	63	N.W.	67	N.W.	57		- 3	Fresh breeze	28.62	28.41	28.26	Fair	—	—	—	—	—
27	49	N.W.	67	E.N.E.	69	E.	61		- 2½		28.59	28.31	28.24	C,	—	—	—	—	—
28	53	S.E.	59	S.E.	64	S.E.	58		- 1½	Fresh wind in morning	28.68	28.50	28.52	Cs.	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
29	53	S.E.	65	E.S.E.	67	E.S.E.	61		- ½		28.76	28.54	28.50	Cs.	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
30	56	S.E.	68	E.	70	E.S.E.	64		- 8½		28.89	28.65	28.53	Cml,	—	—	—	—	—

Remarkable Phenomena.—20th, Halo and Corona around the moon.

In the hail storm of the 24th, hail stones fell of a very large size. One of the largest seen here was of the following dimensions, viz. length 2 inches, breadth 1½ inches, depth 1⅛ inches.

April 16th, fall of rain 3-10 inch.

{lxvi} Meteorological Register {lxvii} for the Month of MAY, 1820

Day of Month	MORNING		MID-DAY		EVENING		Mean Temp.	Rise or fall of Mis­sour­i in last 24 hours	REMARKS	BAROMETER			MODIFICATIONS AND COURSES OF CLOUDS
													Morn­ing		Mid-Day		Eve­ning
	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind		Inc.		Morn­ing	Noon	Eve­ning	Clouds	Courses	Clouds	Courses	Clouds	Courses
1	57	N.W.	74	N.W.	71	N.W.	67	+1	P.M. few drops of rain	28.80	28.46	28.44	Cs.	—	Cms. Cs.	—	Cs.	—
2	54	S.E.	76	S.E.	75	S.E.	68	0		28.66	28.20	28.18	Cs.	—	Cm,	—	Cs,	—
3	59	S.E.	71	S.E.	67	S.E.	65	-2½	Fresh wind	28.41	28.07	28.07	Cs.	—	Cms.	—	Cs.	—
4	64	S.E.	64	N.W.	61	N.W.	63	+4½	Violent storm last night with thunder and lightning	27.70	27.74	28.03	Ns.	—	Ns,	—	Ns.	—
5	50	N.W.	69	N.W.	70	S.S.E.	64	0		28.03	28.38	28.33	Cs, C,	—	Cm.	—	Cs,	—
6	54	S.E.	68	S.E.	70	S.E.	64	+19		28.59	28.31	28.03	Cs.	—	Cs,	—	Cs,	—
7	40	N.W.	55	N.W.	51	N.W.	48	+26	Rain last night, with thunder and lightning. Strong wind	28.23	28.29	28.81	Cm,	—	Cm,	—	Fair	—
8	45	S.E.		S.E.	59	S.E.		-6		28.72		28.53	Cs,	—	C,	W.N.W.	Cs,	—
9	51	S.E.	77	N.W.	65	N.W.	64	-9		28.60	28.08	28.37	Cs,	—	Cm,	—	Cml,	—
10	53	S.E.	59	N.W.	52	N.W.	54	+19		28.57	28.41	28.50	Ns.	—	Ns.	—	Ns.	—
11	46	N.W.	61	N.W.	63	Calm	56	+15		28.63	28.40	28.40	Ns	—	Cml,	—	Cs,	N.W.
12	56	N.W.	70	N.W.	64	N.W.	63	+8		28.25	28.40	28.58	Cs,	N.W.	Cs,	N.W.	Cml,	N.W.
13	54	N.W.	67	N.W.	62	N.W.	61	-5		28.26	28.70	28.75	Fair	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
14	50	N.W.	69	N.W.	64	N.W.	61	-5		28.91	28.65	28.61	Fair	—	Fair	—	C,	N.W.
15	58	S.E.	67	S.E.	66	S.E.	63	-7		28.80	28.63	38.70	Cs.	—	Cml.	—	Cs,	N.W.
16	59	S.E.	65	S.E.	61	S.E.	61	-7	Storm last night of wind, rain, and hail	28.80	28.73	28.73	Ns,	S.E.	Ns.	S.E.	Ns.	E.S.E.
17	61	S.E.	70	S.E.	68	S.E.	66	-6	Rain last night, with much wind, thunder and lightning	28.60	28.25	28.30	Ns.	—	Ns,	S.E.	Cml.	S.E.
18	59	S.E.	66	S.E.	66	S.E.	63	-5		28.37	28.30	28.24	Ns.	—	Cml.	S.E.	Cml.	S.E.
19	56	S.E.	72	S.E.	68	S.E.	65	-7		29.47	28.18	28.26	C,	—	Ns,	S.E.	C,	—
20	54	S.E.	68	S.E.	69	S.E.	63	-3	Rainy	28.47	28.33	28.27	Ns.	S.E.	Ns.	—	Ns.	—
21	56	S.E.	76	S.E.	71	S.E.	67	-6		28.27	28.14	28.21	C,	—	C, Cm,	S.	C, Cm,	S.
22	60	S.E.	77	S.E.	75	S.E.	70	0	Light breezes	28.00	28.08	28.15	Fair	—	Cm,	S.W.	Cm,	—
23	60	S.E.	83	S.E.	77	Calm	73	+5½		28.22	27.70	27.82	Fair	—	Cm.	—	Cm, Cs,	—
24	67	S.E.	69	S.E.		E.		+14	Rain with high wind this evening. Thunder and lightning	28.02	28.07		C,	—	C. Cs.	—	Ns,	—
25	53	E.	67	N.E.		N.E.	59	-64		28.57	28.57	28.65	Ns.	—	Cml,	—	Cs,	—
26	57	N.W.	68	N.W.	62	N.W.	62	-12		28.55	28.68	28.60	Cs,	—	Cml,	N.W.	Fair	—
27	50	N.W.	76	N.W.	72	N.W.	66	+1		28.66	28.13	28.22	Fair	—	Cml,	N.W.	Cs, Cm,	—
28	58	N.W.	79	N.W.	68	N.W.	68	+40	Light winds	28.48	28.00	28.29	Cml,	—	Cm.	N.W.	Cm,	—
29								+30	Light winds				Fair	—	Cs.	—	Cm,	—
30	59	S.E.	73	S.E.	71	S.E.	67	+15	Light winds	28.49	28.21	28.31	C,	—	Cms,	—	Cs.	—
31	58	S.E.	66	S.E.	63	S.E.	62	-24	Light winds	28.76	28.47	28.66	C,	—	Cs.	—	Cs,	—

May 4th, fall of rain, ½ inch—10th, 1 inch—20th, ⅛ inch—24th, ¾ inch.

{lxviii} Meteorological Register
[Remarkable Phenomena continued from page lix [our page [279]].]

January 29th. Parhelion around the sun this afternoon, consisting of a halo circumscribing the sun, in the circumference of which appeared the mock suns, and in a horizontal line with the sun. The diameter of the halo was observed to be 45° 20´. To the N.E. of the sun there also appeared a luminous arch inverted, or having its convex part towards the sun, and its extremities directed from it. It was about 60° of a circle of a smaller periphery than the halo, and well defined. The part nearest the sun was found to be 48° 17´ distant from that luminary, so that it did not come in contact with the halo, but the points of their nearest approach were 25° 37´ apart. The halo was indistinct, except in the vicinity of the mock suns, where it was well defined. Time of making observations half past three o'clock, P.M. Thermometer at the same time 5°, Barometer 28.88, atmosphere hazy, thin light clouds about sun, fresh N.W. wind.

This evening soon after the moon rose, there being a thick haze or mist in the atmosphere about her, there appeared two luminous cones of a reddish cast, whose bases coincided with the moon's disc; the one extending with its vertex above the moon directed towards the zenith, and the other with its vertex below her approaching the horizon. At six o'clock the paraselene appeared complete, consisting of the halo of the same diameter as that around the sun this afternoon, the mock moons or images, and the inverted arch to the S.W. of the moon, and of the same size and distance from the moon as that which appeared with the parhelion above mentioned. From each mock moon there projected a cone of light, whose vertices were directed from the moon. Soon after these appeared two more cones issuing from the moon, one on each side of her in a horizontal direction. The length of the one projecting downwards was 8° 40´; that of the other three 2° 30´, they being equal in length. Thermometer when the observations on the moon were made stood at 5°, Barometer 29.00, fresh N.W. breeze, atmosphere hazy, no clouds visible about moon.

January 31st. Parhelion around the sun this morning, consisting of the mock suns only, which appeared soon after sunrise, the distance between them measured 44° 30´.

On the 12th the ice in the river was found to be 28 inches thick. Very little current where the measurement was made.