INDEX

A

Aed Bennán (Aoḋ Beannán), power of, [237]

Agricola conquers the Britons, [36];
intends the conquest of Ireland, [136]

Ailbhe, Saint, date of, [161]

Ailech (Oileaċ), kingdom of, [184];
growth in power, [277]
airchinnech (oirċinneaċ, "erenagh," "herenagh"), office of, [351]
airecht (oireaċt), court of assembly, [320]

Airgialla (Oirġialla, "Oriel"), [126];
varying extent of, [185], [278]

Aithech-thuatha, [148]

Amorgen (Aṁairġean, Aiṁirgean), legend of, [97]

Anglo-Norman aggression, false pretext of, [286]

Anglo-Norman conquest, failure of, [323];
supposed causes of failure, [324];
extent of, [327];
rally begins against, [328];
details of rally, [335]

Anglo-Norman invasion, destructive effects of, [308]-[311]

Anglo-Normans, Irish assimilation of, [341]

Annals, restricted scope of the, [178]

Aristocracy, intense pride of, [354]

Armagh founded, [160];
school of, a national university, [284]

Assemblies, [138], [320];
of the learned, [344]

Atecotti, [144], [146], [147]-[149]

B

Bede describes Ireland, [195];
relates Irish migration to Scotland, [195], [196]

Belach Mugna (Bealaċ Muġna "Ballaghmoon"), battle of, [260]
Belgae, origin of, [18];
"Brythons," a supposed branch of, [42]

Belgic migrations, [52];
extended to Ireland, [57]

Bernard, Saint, of Clairvaux, his interest in Ireland, [281]

Black Pig's Dyke, [131]

"Book of Invasions," a national epic, [96]

"Book of Rights," contents of, [274]

Bóramha tribute, [238]

Brega (Breaġa, "Bregia"), kingdom of, [235]

Bregon (Breoġan), legend of, [93]

Brian Bóramha, birth of, [266];
his allies, [268];
his policy, [269]-[272]

Britain, Irish invasion of, [141];
Irish settlements in, [155]

British ethnography exemplified, [32]

Britons, effect of Roman conquest on, [34]-[37];
displaced from Scotland, [202];
in Irish wars, [203]

Brittani, Brittania, origin of the names, [58]

Bronze Age in Ireland, date of, [43];
not Celtic, [44]-[46], [70];
tillage in Ireland during, [72]

Brown Earl of Ulster, [339]

Bruce, Edward, chosen king of Ireland, [334];
comes to Ireland, [337]

Bruce, Robert, sovereignty of Ireland offered to, [333], [337]

"Brythons," [34], [43], [45]

C

Cæsar, Julius on Ireland, [134]

Caledones, [143]

Cathal, king of Munster, [237]

Cashel (Caiseal Muṁan) "discovered," [127];
synod of, [286]

Cellachán (Ceallaċán), king of Munster, [266]

Celtae of Gallia Celtica, supposed identity of Gaels with, [42]

Celtic antiquity, growth of learned and popular interest in, [6]-[9]

Celtic migrations to Britain and Ireland, current British theory of, [32];
approximate earliest date of, [48];
traditions concerning, [49], [50];
archaeological evidence of, [51], [52]

Celtic origin of Gaels and Britons forgotten by themselves, brought to light by Buchanan, [4]-[5]

Celtic religion, [30]

Celtic resistance to Norsemen, [254]

Celtic studies:
initiated by Buchanan, [5];
developed by Llwyd, [6];
stimulated by Gray, [7];
and still more by Macpherson, [8]

Celtic words in the Germanic languages, [17], [18]

Celto-Germanic population, [18]-[25]

Celts:
the name indicative of linguistic not racial descent, [1]-[3];
earliest accounts of, early relations with Germans, [15]-[25];
ancient civilisation of, [25]

Cerdraige (Ceardraiġe), [76]

Christian era in Irish chronology, [223]

Christians in Ireland before St. Patrick, [161]-[167]

Chronology of pre-Christian Ireland, [49]

Church, effect of the Anglo-Norman invasion on the, [288], [308]

Church lands, [351]

Ciarán of Saighir, Saint, [161]

"Cities" in Ireland, mentioned by Ptolemy, [137], [138]

"Clan system," notions of, [289], [349], [353]

Clann Cholmáin dynasty, [236]

Clontarf, character of the battle of, [272];
effect on Norsemen, [273]

Cóiced (cúigeaḋ), significance of, [101]

Coirpre Nia Fer (Cairbre Nia Fear), king of North Leinster, [104], [106]

Collas, the Three, [124]

Columban monasteries, reorganisation of, [284]

Commios and his sons, [167]-[170]

Communal land tenure, true and false notions of, [295], [351]

Connacht (Connaċta), ancient extent of, [112], [186]

Constantine, Donation of, [17]

Copper mines in Ireland, their remote antiquity, [71]

Copper Period in Ireland, [43], [70]

Copper rivets, ancient industry in, [75]

Corcu Loegdae (Corca Laoiġḋe), [162]

Cormac, king of Munster, [260]

Cormac, king of Tara, [120];
his reign an epoch, [124]

Craftsmen enfranchised, [229]

Crinna, battle of, [120]

Cruithin, the Irish name of the Picts, [59], [63]

Cu Chulainn, [79]

Cu Rói (Cú Raoi), [102]

D

Dáirine, [162]

Dál Araidhe, [185]

Dál gCais, "Dalcassians," rising power of, [266], [268]

Dál Riada, [185], [194]-[200], [203]

Danes arrive in Ireland, [253]

Danish kings of the Hebrides, [212]

Dathi=Nath-Í, [157]

De Burgh family, their alleged change in policy, [340]

Déclán (Diaglán), Saint, [161]

Derbfine (Deirḃḟine), significance of, [230], [290]

Dési, Déisi, migration of, [109], [128]

Druim Ceata, assembly of, [197]

Dublin first fortified, [251];
becomes seat of Norse kingdom, [252];
battle of, [264]

Dumbarton, "stronghold of the Britons," [198], [204];
captured by Dublin Norsemen, [255]

Dynastic polity, [177]

E

Eblana, Eblani, [137]

Ecclesiastical reform, [281]-[288]

Éire, Ériu, origin of the name, [67]

Emain (an Eaṁain, "the Navan"), [115]

England before the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland, [305];
racial type now prevalent in, [39]

English invade Ireland, A.D. 684, [201]

English power recovered through firearms and artillery, [347]

Eochu Feidlech (Eoċaiḋ Feiḋleac), [118]

Eochu MacLuchtai (Eoċaiḋ mac Luċta), king of Munster, [103], [104]

Eterscél (Eidirsgéal), king of Ireland, [109]

Eoghanachta, origin of, [127];
states of, [186];
maximum power and decline of, [260]-[262]

Érainn, Érna, "Erneans," [65]-[68], [104](—Iverni)

"erenagh"=airchinnech

Etruscan alphabet in Cisalpine Gaul, [167]

Eusebius, Irish writers influenced by, [89]

F

Feidhlimidh, king of Munster, [259]

Feidhlimidh, king of Connacht, career of, [328]

Fer Diad (Fear Diaḋ), [79]

Fergus (Fearġus) defends the Galians, [81]

Fergus mac Eire, [116], [194]

Fiachu Sroibtine (Fiaċa Sraiftine), [124]

Fiana, [150]

Find Fili (Fionn File), king of South Leinster, [104], [106], [110]

Fionn Bheara a Celtic god, [87]

Fir Bolg, [77], [79]

Fir Domhnann, [79]

Fir Iboth (iḃoṫ), [74] (=Ebudeans)

FitzGerald, Maurice, career of, [328]

Five-fold division of Ireland in ancient tradition, [102]

Flemish settlers in Ireland, [303]

Fochairt, battle of, [338]

Fochla, kingdom of the, [185]

Fomori (Foṁoraiġ), [85], [87]

G

Gabhair in Leinster between the two ancient provinces, [107]

Gaelic settlements in Britain, origin of, [46]

Gaels, legendary origin of, [90]

Galians ( Gaileoin), [80], [104]

Gall-Ghaedhil or Norse-Irish, [211], [252]

Gallógláich, "galloglasses," [326];
commanders of, [334];
first record of, [336];
spread of, [341]

Gaulish settlers in Ireland, [128]

Genealogies help to explain the annals, [179], [183], [194]

Geography in ancient Irish schools, [92]

Germans and Celts, early relations between, [15]-[25]

Glacial period in Ireland, [69]

Gold in ancient Ireland, [71]

Gormlaith, career of, [262]

Government of an Irish state, character of, [352]

Grants of land, [297]; to Gallóglach commanders, [335]

Grants of lordship, [177]

Greek alphabet used in Gaul, [167]

Greek in ancient Irish schools, [243]

H

Hakon, king of Norway, loses control of Hebrides, [216];
Irish sovereignty offered to, [332]

Heathen lore, ancient Irish, [176]

Hebrides, [74]

Hebridean forces, [325];
first appearance in Ireland, [329]

Heptarchy in Ireland, [113]

"herenagh"—airchinnech

Hiberni, Hibernia, origin of the names, [67]

History of Ireland, how constructed by ancient writers, [89], [98];
earliest documents of, [114], [175];
distorted views of, [347]

I

Ibar (Iuḃar), Saint, date of, [161]

Ibdaig (Iḃḋaiġ), Ebudeans, [74]

Iberi in Irish legend, [91]

Iberians, supposed early inhabitants of Britain, [40]-[42];
supposed traces of, [62]

Inber Scéne (Inḃear Sgéine), legend of, [93]-[95]

Incastellation policy of Anglo-Normans adopted by Irish, [343]

Industrial tribes of pre-Celtic origin, [75]-[79], [82]

Intercourse with the Continent, [242]

Iona granted to St. Columba, [197]

Irish civilisation, chief defect of, [354]

Irish forces under Roman command, [151]

Irish language, ancient learned jargon of, [165]

Irish law, features of, [312]

Irish learning, characteristics of, [240]-[244]

Irish manuscript orthography, origin of, [174]

Iron Age in Britain, supposed to have been introduced by Belgae, [42]

Iron, Celtic expansion facilitated by possession of, [153]

Iverni, [65]-68, [104]

K

Kenneth MacAlpin (Cionaoḋ mac Ailpín), [204]

Kingship, law of succession to, [230]

Kings, functions of, [352]

L

Lagin Tuad-Gabair (Laiġin Tuadḋ-Gaḃair), L. Des-Gabair (Deas-Gaḃair), [107]

Latin in ancient Irish schools, [241]

"Laudabiliter," [286]

Law, courts of, [318]

Law of succession, evil consequences of, [294], [300]

Learning in Ireland, Zimmer's account, [164];
testimony of Saint Columbanus, [166]

Leinster, ancient extent of, [108], [122], [129], [186];
struggle for lost territory of, [188];
tribute, [238]

Letters in Britain, introduction of, [167]-[170]

Limerick, Norse settlement at, [262]

Lincolnshire, pseudo-scientific ethnography exemplified in the case of, [32]

Literature in Ireland, beginnings of, [167]

Loeguire (Laoġaire), king of Ireland, [182], [188]

Luaighni, [80], [104]

Luguid (Luġaiḋ), king of Ireland, [190]-[193]

M

MacCába ("MacCabe") family, [334]

MacDomhnaill ("MacDonnell, MacConnell." etc.) family, [334];
obtains Irish territory, [219], [342]

MacDubhghaill ("MacDugall, MacDowell, Doyle, Coyle") family, [334]

MacRuaidhri ("MacRory, Rogers") family, [334]

MacSíthigh ("MacSheehy, Sheehy, Shee") family, [334]

MacSuibhne ("MacSweeney, Sweeny") family, [334];
first record of, [335]

MagRoth, MaġRaṫ=Moira

Magnus, king of Norway, fails to restore Norse power, [280]

Malachy (Maol m'Aoḋóg), Saint, [281]

Mathgamain (Maṫġaṁain) overthrows Eoghanacht dynasty, [268]

Matriarchy, a Pictish custom, [59]

Medb (Meaḋḃ), [80], [118]

Medraige (Meaḋraiġe), [82]

Midhe, early extent of, [113];
partition of, [235]

Míl, legend of, [91]-[95]

Military organisation disappears, [229], [235], [251], [267];
reintroduced, [325]

Military tribes of pre-Celtic origin, [79]-[82]

Moira, battle of, [199]

Monarchy, Irish, fictitious accounts of, [115], [239];
origin of, [118];
held by Connacht dynasty, [130];
detached from Connacht dynasty, [192];
succession to, [231], [238];
in abeyance, [272];
restored in depraved form, [273]

Muirchertach MacErca, king of Ireland, [190]-[193]

Muirchertach, king of Ailech, career of, [266]

Muiredach Tírech (Muireaḋaċ Tíreaċ), [124]

Munster, ancient extent of, [108], [126], [186];
increasing power of, [236];
ecclesiastical kings of, [258]

Mythological inhabitants of Ireland, [85]

Mythology of Irish Celts shows traces of continental origin, [87];
transformed by Christian writers, [88]

N

Nationality, ancient Irish conception of, [96];
characteristic development of, [224]-[229];
conscious sense of, [244]-[248]

Nath-Í, [157]

Nemed (Neiṁeaḋ), [88]

Neolithic Age in Ireland, [69]

Nia Segomon (Nia Seaġaṁan), [127]

Niall Glundubh, king of Ireland, [263]

Niall of the Nine Hostages, [129], [130], [157];
settlements of his kindred, [180]-[185]

Norman statecraft, [301]

Normans, so called, in Ireland, their racial, linguistic, and political affinities, [302]

Norman plan of conquest, [304]

North Leinster kingdom, fall of, [122]

Nuadu (Nuaḋa. Nodons), a Celtic god, [95]

Norse invasions begin, [203], [249];
Celtic resistance to, [205];
conquests in Scotland, [205];
kingdom of Hebrides and Argyle, [211]-[220];
earliest settlements in Ireland, [251];
power in England and France, [254];
expelled from northern Ireland, [255];
adopt a settled life, [265], [273];
demoralisation caused by, [281]

O

Ocha, importance of the battle of, [190], [231]

Oengus (Aonġus), a Celtic god, [86]

Oengus (Aonġus), king of Munster, [128]

O'Farrell (Ua Fearġail) territory extended, [336]

Ogham alphabet, origin of, [170];
inscriptions, range and time of, [173]

Ogmios, Ogme (Oġma), a Celtic god, [171]

Oileach=Ailech

oirchinnea=chairchinnech

oireacht=airecht

Oirghialla=Airgialla

O'Neill, Brian, career of, [328];
chosen chief king, [331]

O'Neill dynasty, increased power of, [343]

Oriel=Airgialla

Orosius, Irish writers influenced by, [90], [92]-[95]

Ovoca, curious origin of the name, [139]

P

"P-Celts" and "Q-Celts," [43], [46]

Paganism, survival of, [224]

Palæolithic Age not represented in Ireland, [68]

Palladius, Saint, mission of, [163]

Parthalón, [39], [88]

Patrick, Saint, [159];
date of his death, [222];
Bury's account of, [225]

Pelagius, [164]

Pentarchy in Irish tradition, [100]

Picts, supposed to be Iberians, [41];
Ireland and Britain named from, [59];
in Ireland and Scotland, [62]-[65];
legendary origin of, [64];
in Ireland, [74];
in Ulster, [120], [185];
earliest mention of, [141];
in Connacht, [180];
their kingdom in Scotland overthrown, [204];
they lose territory in Ulster, [233]

Pliny on Ireland, [135]

Political system in ancient Ireland, [274]-[278]

Pomponius Mela on Ireland, [134]

Poseidonios on Ireland, [133]

Pre-Celtic population of Ireland, [73]

Pre-Celtic metal workers, [75], [76]

Pretani, significance of the name, [59], [62]

Primitive races, assumptions regarding, [83]

Property in land, [295]-[299]

Ptolemy on Ireland, [136]

Q

Qreteni, an ancient name for the Picts, [59]

R

Race, true and false notions of, [1], [2]

Racial fusion in Ireland, [229]

Red Earl of Ulster, [336]

Revolt against Gaelic rule, [80], [119]

Rígdamna (ríoġḋaṁna), precise meaning of, [231]

Roman empire, collapse of, [158]

Roman military system influences Ireland, [150]

"Rosnaree," Ros na Ríoġ, battle of, [103]

S

Schools, reorganisation of, [284]

Scotland, Irish colonisation of, [194];
Irish settlements extend to east coast, [202];
conquest by Cinaed (Cionaoḋ), [204];
centralised polity of, [206];
extent of Irish colonisation, [207];
anglicisation, [208];
feudal institutions introduced, [209]

Scotti, legendary origin of, [90];
earliest mention of, [143];
meaning of the name, [144];
St. Jerome's account of, [146]

Scottish history, earliest documents of, [198]

Scythians in Irish legend, [91]

Segomo, a Celtic god, [127]

Semaine (Seamaine), Semrige (Seimriġe), Semonrige (Seamonraiġe), Tuath Semon (Seaman), [75], [78]

Síol Aedo Sláne (Síol Aoḋa Sláine), dynasty of, [236]

Sliab Badbgnai (Sliaḃ ḃáġna, "Slieve Baune"), [78]

Sliab Echtgi (Sliaḃ Eaċtġa, "Slieve Aughty or Baughty"), [78]

Snakes absent from Ireland, [140]

Solinus on Ireland, [140]

States in ancient Ireland, classification of, [274], [275]

Strabo on Ireland, [134]

Sumarlidi (Soṁairliḋ), founds a kingdom in western Scotland, [214];
spurious pedigree of, [215];
sends embassy to Derry, [284];
his descendants in Ireland, [326], [334]

T

Tacitus on Ireland, [136]

Tadhg, son of Cian, [121]

Taillte ("Teltown"), assembly of, interrupted, [256];
restored, [258]

"Táin Bó Cuailnge," its ancient celebrity, [100]

Tanistry, origin of, [295]

Tara (Teaṁair), a provincial capital, [104];
occupied by Connacht dynasty, [120];
its desertion, legendary and historical, [233]-[236]

"Teora Connachta," 130

Tigernach (Tiġearnaċ), [86]

Tillage in Ireland during Bronze Age, [72]

Tin from Britain, ancient trade in, [47]

Tradition, historical value of, [105];
medieval treatment of, [279]

"Tribal system," theory of, [289]

Tuatha Dé Danaan, [85], [95]

Tuathal Teachtmhar, [118]

U

Ui Maine kingdom, origin of, [179]

Ui Néill, [130];
Northern and Southern, [184]-[186];
dissensions of, [233], [236]

Uisneach occupied by Connacht dynasty, [118]

Ulaidh, kingdom of, [185]

Ulster, ancient extent of, [112], [123]-[125], [129];
Great Wall of, [131];
strategic aspect of frontier, [328];
O'Neill kings of, [335];
earldom, [336];
goes to English royal house, [339];
Feudal authority overthrown in, [341]

Ulster kingdom, fall of, [126]

W

Welsh settlers in Ireland, [303],
(See also under Britons)

Warfare in ancient Ireland, [227]

Waterford, Norse settlement at, [262];
successfully defended, [264]

World-sovereignty, Irish notions about, [269]

Writing in Irish, early spread of, [176]

Z

Zimmer's theory of the beginning of Irish learning, [164]