The Great Civil War in Lancashire (1642-1651)

by Ernest Broxap

FOOTNOTES:

[211] Vide note on p. 41. "A Declaration of the Earl of Derby, etc." E. 566 (5). "A Message sent from the Earl of Derby, Governor of the Isle of Man, to his dread Sovereign Charles II., 1649." E. 566 (21).

[212] "C.S.P.," 1649‑1650, p. 278. It would seem that this was the real reason for the final breaking off of the negotiations.

[213] "A Declaration of the Earl of Derby, etc." E. 566 (5). The letter has been frequently reprinted. Cf. Marlet, "Charlotte de la Tremoille," p. 186: "Signé Derby; mais faut-il dire: écrit par lord Derby? On est en droit de croire que sa femme eut une parte prépondérante à la redaction de ses phrases hachées, vibrantes, pareilles aux coups de canon, qui, sur les vaisseaux, saluent au lever du jour, le pavillon national, montant fièrement dans les airs: car elles sont en parfaite conformité avec ses mâles repliques aux assiegeants de Lathom-house: elles n'ont, au contraire, aucun trait de resemblance avec le style flasque et ampoulé des lettres ou des discours du comte."

[214] "Carte MSS.," Vol. 9, fol. 55, 195; Vol. 11, pp. 326, 495; Vol. 12, fol. 127; Vol. 14, fol. 12, 249, 291; Vol. 23, fol. 105. There is also a letter referring to this matter in the "Ormonde MSS.," Hist. MSS. Com., new series, Vol. 1, p. 99.

[215] "C.S.P.," 1649#8209;50, p. 381; 1650, p. 290, etc.

[216] "C.S.P.," 1650, pp. 169, 282, 470.

[217] "Ashmolean MSS.," 1110, ff. 164, 165; 1112, ff. 43, 45. The particulars are from the Garter Records of Sir Edward Walker; but, curiously enough, the date in one of the volumes is given incorrectly as January, 1651. The fact that the patent was directed from Castle Elizabeth in Jersey, however, is proof of the correctness of the earlier date.

[218] It must, however, be remembered that few of the original Parliamentarian leaders in Lancashire were now left. Assheton had died in February of this year, and Moore and Rigby in 1650.

[219] Gardiner, "Commonwealth and Protectorate," Vol. 2, p. 12.

[220] Cary's "Memorials," Vol. 2, pp. 299, 306.

[221] Cary's "Memorials," Vol. 2, p. 305. "Discourse," p. 70. The latter has high praise for the moderate conduct of the royal troops.

[222] "C.S.P.," 1651, pp. 97, 156, 302. "Rawlinson MSS.," a. 184, ff. 390, 392.

[223] "C.S.P.," 1651, p. 322.

[224] "C.W.T.," p. 290. "Discourse," p. 71.

[225] "A Brief Statement of His Majesty's Affairs, etc." ("Tanner MSS.," Vol. 54, fol. 155, 156.)

[226] "Clarendon" (Macray), Vol. 5, p. 180 (book 13, par. 62).

[227] "C.W.T.," p. 297. The "Discourse," p. 71, says: "Besides men of quality, some 300 Manck soldiers." In the previous month Derby had declared himself ready to join the King with 500 men well armed. Cary's "Memorials," Vol. 2, p. 288. "Seacome," p. 111, says that the Earl of Derby landed with "300 gallant gentlemen." For the warrant to Derby vide "Tanner MSS.," Vol. 54, fol. 170. It was directed "To our Right Trusty and Right Well-beloved Cosen the Earl of Derby, our Captain Generall in our County Palatine of Lancaster," and states that owing to his rapid march the King had been unable to send particular summonses to Lancashire; he was now pursuing the enemy, who had been dislodged from Warrington Bridge. Gardiner, "Commonwealth and Protectorate," Vol. 2, p. 37, gives the date of Derby's meeting with Charles as August 17.

[228] "Clarendon" (Macray), Vol. 5, p. 177, (book 13, par. 58). Massey's letter of August 19 is printed in "Cary," Vol. 2, p. 324. He says that his advance has been checked by a regiment of Lilburne's horse quartered near Middleton; but this cannot have been Lilburne's own regiment, which only left Stockport on the 22nd. Some prisoners were made by Massey. "Seacome," pp. 112, 113, is the authority for the meeting at Warrington, but his statements are accepted by Mr. Gardiner. Seacome's account that Massey strongly seconded Derby's appeals is, however, not compatible with a sentence of Mr. Gardiner's: "Too late Charles discovered that a letter carried by Massey from the Scotch ministers attending the army contained a warning against a too close conjunction with malignants." "Commonwealth," Vol. 2, p. 38. It must be supposed that Seacome overrated Massey's part in the meeting.

[229] "Portland MSS.," Vol. 1, p. 614. Several warrants issued by Derby are given, and orders against plundering; companies on the march, however, were to have free quarter. The Earl's appeal to the Gentlemen of Lancashire is printed in "Cary," Vol. 2, p. 333.

[230] "Discourse," pp. 72, 73.

[231] "Clarendon" (Macray), Vol. 5, p. 185 (book 13, par. 69).

[232] The fullest accounts of the Battle of Wigan are: "A Great Victory, etc." ("C.W.T.," p. 296); "Two Letters from Col. Robert Lilburne, etc." ("C.W.T.," p. 300); "Seacome," pp. 113, 114; Whitelock's "Memorials," p. 504; and "Discourse," pp. 72-76. The last gives most details, probably from personal knowledge; Major Robinson was one of the Lancashire officers to whom a commission was given in the reorganisation of the Militia in 1650. His narrative and that of Lilburne, as those written by eye-witnesses, may be taken as the most reliable.

With regard to the numbers of the respective forces, there can be little doubt that they were very nearly equal. Seacome's wild estimates, which are, as usual, unhesitatingly followed by Canon Raines, may be dismissed as impossible; he gives Lilburne 3,000 horse and foot. It has already been mentioned that Derby landed with less than 100 horse, and either 250 or 300 foot (p. 187). All the accounts substantially agree in respect to these figures. In the few days after landing these numbers were considerably increased; Seacome acknowledges that Derby had 600 horse at the battle, while Lilburne says that the royalists had increased to 1,400 or 1,500 men, and the "Discourse" gives them 1,000 foot and 500 horse. Lilburne's estimate of his own army, as stated in the letter to Cromwell, may be accepted as correct. He writes: "I had only my own regiment, and those three companies of foot, and the 60 horse and dragoons." His own regiment of horse he had brought with him; two of the foot companies had been sent from Chester, and one, together with the 60 dragoons, from the garrison at Liverpool. "Discourse," p. 75; "C.W.T.," p. 297. The latter of these references is to a letter from Birch, the Governor of Liverpool, who writes: "All that could be afforded in assistance were two foot companies from Chester, one of my Regiment, left about Manchester, not being so ready as the rest to march out, and what musketeers I horsed from hence with some few countrymen." A regiment of cavalry in the New Model Army numbered 600 men. Firth, "Cromwell's Army," p. 42. Dragoons in the seventeenth century were not cavalry, but mounted infantry. Mr. Gardiner's account of the Battle is not quite correct ("Commonwealth," Vol. 2, p. 39). He says: "Lilburne fell back through Wigan.... Entangled in the lanes south of the town he was compelled to fight, etc." Wigan Lane is the road out of Wigan to the north.

[233] A monument to Tyldesley was erected on the spot where he fell by his cornet, Alexander Rigby, of Layton, when the latter was Sheriff of Lancashire in 1677. The monument still stands: it was restored by the Corporation of Wigan in 1886. The long inscription is printed by Canon Raines. "Stanley Papers," pt. 3, Vol. 2 (C.S. 67), p. cccxxxiii.

[234] This letter is printed in "Cary," Vol. 2, p. 320; Marlet, "Charlotte de la Tremoille," p. 239.

[235] Hughes' "Boscobel Tracts," pp. 174, 190.

[236] For the narrative of Derby's capture we are indebted to Capt. Hodgson ("Autobiography," p. 48). Little seems to be known about Edge; but the name of Oliver Edge occurs in a statement about the seating of Manchester Church in 1649, which was largely signed by the inhabitants of the town, and this signature is very probably his. ("Manchester Municipal Records.") He belonged to the family of Edge of Birch-Hall Houses near Manchester. Halley's "Lancashire Puritanism and Nonconformity" (2nd ed. in 1 vol., 1872), p. 286.

[237] "C.J.," Vol. 7, pp. 8, 9.

[238] "C.S.P.," 1651, pp. 422, 423. "C.J.," Vol. 7, pp. 9, 16.

[239] The official record of the trial of the Earl of Derby, from the original in the Library of the House of Lords, is printed by Canon Raines in the appendix to his "Stanley Papers," pt. 3, Vol. 2 (C.S. 67), pp. cccxxxiv-ccclvii, as well as other valuable documents relating to the Earl's trial and death. Vide also "Discourse," pp. 78-85; "C.W.T.," pp. 311-323.

[240] "C.S.P.," 1651, p. 457.

[241] Duckenfield and Birch to Lenthall. Ramsey, Nov. 2. ("Tanner MSS.," Vol. 55, fol. 87.)

[242] Marlet, "Charlotte de la Tremoille," p. 151.

[243] Gardiner ("Commonwealth," Vol. 2, p. 62, note) quotes a Newsletter of Salvetti, which seems decisive on this point. As the Earl's death has been attributed to Cromwell's own influence the quotation may be repeated here: "Il General Cromwell fa buonissimi uffizii per salvarlo la vita, con conditione che consegni nelle mane del Parlamento la sua isoletta di Man, della quale se ne intitole Re."

[244] "Seacome," p. 133.

[245] "Raines," op. cit., p. ccxvii, ccvxiii. Canon Raines here repeats a wild story from Seacome, to the effect that this petition would have been allowed by the House, had not Cromwell and Bradshaw contrived to reduce the number of Members present to less than 40, so that no question could be put. There is no foundation for this statement. As a matter of fact, the House voted that Derby's petition should be read, but it could not possibly be dealt further with owing to the impossibility of sending a messenger into Lancashire in time to stop the execution, had that been intended. ("C.J.," Vol. 7, p. 27.) For Cromwell's real attitude towards the reprieve, vide [note] on p. 201.

[246] "The Earl of Derby's Speech on the Scaffold, etc." ("C.W.T.," p. 320). The best account of the Earl's last hours is naturally given by Seacome, who quotes Bagguley's "Narrative" (pp. 120-127), "Discourse," pp. 82-85: "The Earl was no good Orator, and the tumult put him out of speaking what he intended; he was much afraid of being reviled by the people of the town, but they rather pitied his condition."

[247] "The Earl of Darby was a man of unquestionable loyalty to the King, and gave clear testimony of it before he received any obligations from the Court, and when he thought himself disobliged by it.... He was a man of great honour and clear courage; and all his defects and misfortunes proceeded from his having lived so little time among his equals, that he knew not how to treat his inferiors: which was the source of all the ill that befell him, having thereby drawn such a prejudice from the persons of inferior quality, who yet thought themselves too good to be contemned, against him, that they pursued him to death." ("Clarendon," Macray, Vol. 5, p. 184, bk. 13, par. 68).

[INDEX.]

• Aberconway, [146].
• Acton Church, Royalist defeat at, [98].
• Adwalton Moor, Battle of, [5], [68], [89-90].
• Allen, Rev. Isaac, Rector of Prestwich, [41].
• Albany Mill, Middleton, [32n].
• Alport Lodge, [42].
• —— burnt down, [42n].
• —— demolished, [55].
• Amounderness Hundred, [54], [58], [67], [131], [188].
• —— Royalist collectors for, [58].
• —— Parliamentarian captains in, [93].
• Anderton, Christopher, of Lostock, [137].
• —— Hugh, [188].
• —— James, [58], [188].
• Appleby, [163].
• —— Castle, [164], [172].
• Ardern, Captain, [80].
• Array, Commissions of, [11], [13], [14].
• —— voted illegal by Parliament, [11].
• Ashhurst, Henry, [35n], [172].
• —— Captain John (afterwards Major), [34], [161], [186].
• —— —— at Bolton, [69-70].
• —— —— at Lathom, [103].
• —— —— appointed Governor of Liverpool, [137].
• —— —— his negotiations with Lord Derby, [138].
• —— William, M.P. for Newton, [30].
• —— —— notice of, [34-5].
• Ashton Hall, Lancaster, Charles II. at, [182].
• Ashton, distress in, [173].
• Assessments, on Lancashire, [152].
• Assheton, Radcliffe, royalist collector in Blackburn Hundred, [58], [59n].
• —— Ralph, of Downham, [32].
• —— —— of Whalley, M.P. for Clitheroe, [30], [32].
• —— —— of Middleton, M.P. for Lancashire, Colonel and Major-General, [20n], [30], [54], [171n].
• —— —— secures the magazine at Manchester, [14].
• —— —— notice of, [31-2], [32n].
• —— —— his tenants at the siege of Manchester, [43], [46].
• —— —— commands at first defence of Bolton, [69].
• —— —— relieves Lancaster, [76].
• —— —— retreats to Whalley, [77].
• —— —— sacks Wigan, [79].
• —— —— victory in the Fylde, [86].
• —— —— takes Hornby and Thurland Castle, [88].
• —— —— at Adwalton Moor, [89].
• —— —— defeated at Booth Lane, near Sandbach, [97].
• —— —— at the siege of Lathom House, [101-2].
• —— —— at York, [126].
• —— —— serves at siege of Chester, [149].
• —— —— Commander-in-Chief in Lancashire in 1648, [162].
• —— —— takes Bentham House, Westmoreland, [163].
• —— —— at battle of Preston, [167].
• —— —— takes Appleby Castle, [172].
• —— —— ordered to disperse Lancashire Militia, [175].
• —— —— dismissed from his command, [175].
• Aston, Sir Thomas, letter of, intercepted, [16].
• Atherton, [60n].
• Audlem, [117].
• Aylesbury, taken by Prince Rupert, [115].
• Bagguley, Rev. Humphrey, attends Lord Derby, [202].
• Baillie, Lieut.-Gen., surrenders at Warrington, [170].
• —— Robert, letters of, [125], [130], [153].
• Bamber, Captain, [175].
• Banquet to Lord Strange at Manchester, [17].
• Barlow Moor, near Manchester, [120].
• —— rendezvous on, [140].
• Barton, Sir T., [56].
• Barwick, Lieutenant, [43].
• Beaumont, [30].
• Beeston Castle, [97].
• Bellasis, Lord, taken prisoner at Selby, [115].
• Benbow, Captain, [197].
• Berwick-on-Tweed, [160].
• Betley, Prince Rupert at, [117].
• Birch, Thomas, of Birch, successively Captain, Sergeant-Major and Colonel, [55], [161], [173], [175], [183].
• —— —— at the affray in Manchester (1642), [18-20].
• —— —— at capture of Preston, [63].
• —— —— occupies Lancaster, [71].
• —— —— seizes Earl of Derby's daughters, [179].
• —— —— chosen one of Earl of Derby's judges, but does not act, [197].
• —— —— Isle of Man surrendered to him, [200].
• Blackburn, [56], [63], [67], [74], [121].
• —— occupied by royalists, [59].
• —— royalist attack on, [62].
• —— Hundred, [3], [7], [54], [55], [59], [77], [78].
• Blackstone Edge, [5].
• —— fortified, [91], [92n].
• Blaire, Major-Gen., royalist commander at Wigan, [79].
• Bolton-le-Moors, [67], [74], [101], [148].
• —— first attack on, [69], [70].
• —— second attack on, [78].
• —— stormed by Prince Rupert, [121-4].
• —— collection for, in Manchester, [125].
• —— meeting of Deputy-Lieutenants at, [161].
• —— execution of Earl of Derby at, [203].
• Booth, Col. Sir George, [148].
• —— John, Captain and Colonel, [43].
• —— —— notice of, [43n].
• —— —— his bravery at Preston, [63].
• —— —— at Nantwich, [98].
• —— —— at Ormskirk, [133].
• —— Lane, Parliamentarian defeat at, [97].
• Bootle, Capt., [123-4].
• Boscobel, [195].
• Bourne, Rev. Wm., [46], [46n].
• Boynton, Col. Matthew, [192].
• —— —— slain at Wigan, [194].
• Braddyl, John, [56].
• Bradford, [90], [91].
• Bradshaw, Col. Henry, one of Lord Derby's judges, [197].
• —— John, of Bradshaw, [56], [56n], [161].
• —— President, [201].
• —— Capt. Robert, [43].
• —— —— notice of, [43n].
• —— —— taken prisoner at Westhoughton, [54].
• Bradshawgate, Bolton, [70].
• Brereton, Lord, [56].
• —— Sir William, of Handforth, [5], [11], [12n], [136], [202].
• —— —— in Manchester, [15], [16n].
• —— —— notice of, [15n].
• —— —— besieges Warrington, [80].
• —— —— takes Warrington, [86-7].
• —— —— at siege of Chester, [140], [148].
• —— —— letter of, [141].
• —— —— Lancashire troops with, [149].
• Bretherton, John, [58].
• Bridgeman, Edward, [81].
• —— Rev. Henry, [202].
• —— Orlando, M.P. for Wigan, [30].
• Bright, Col., at Preston, [167].
• Brindle, skirmish at, [190].
• Bristol, [68], [150].
• Brook, Col. H., one of Lord Derby's judges, [197].
• Bruerton, [117].
• Brunstock, [163].
• Bryn Hall, Charles II. at, [182].
• Buckley, Capt., [69].
• Buckshawe Hall, Chorley, [29n].
• Bury, [15], [55], [78].
• Butler, Mr., of Rawcliffe, [190].
• Butterworth, Alexander, [47].
• Byron, Sir John, royalist Governor of Chester and of Liverpool, [116], [129].
• —— Col. Robert, letter to Ormonde, [130].
• Cadishead, [186].
• Callander, Earl of, [164], [171].
• —— letter of, [141].
• Cantsfield, [93].
• Carlisle, [160], [162], [171].
• Carter, Col. John, one of Lord Derby's judges, [197].
• Castle Rushen, [147], [177], [194].
• Charles I., petition to, from Lancashire, [10].
• —— raises his standard at Nottingham, [21].
• —— makes the Cessation in Ireland, [96].
• —— expected to march into Lancashire, [140].
• —— storms Leicester, [142].
• —— defeated at Rowton Heath, [142].
• —— surrenders to the Scots, [150].
• —— negotiations with Parliament, [150].
• Charles II. proclaimed at Manchester Cross, [174].
• —— appoints Earl of Derby K.G., [180].
• —— lands at Speymouth, [180].
• —— invades England, [181].
• —— passes through Lancashire, [182].
• —— defeated at Worcester, [195].
• —— his escape, [195].
• Charnock, Capt., [104], [143].
• Chester, [65], [124], [140].
• Chetham, Humphrey, [14].
• —— College, [14].
• Chipping, [77].
• Chisenhale, Capt., [104], [106].
• —— sortie by, [105], [107].
• —— made Colonel, [129].
• Cholmondeley, Sir H., [170].
• Chowbent, skirmish at, [60], [60n], [61].
• Clifton, Mr., of Lytham, [72], [74].
• —— Col. Cuthbert, [129], [136].
• —— John, [191].
• Clitheroe, [30], [92].
• Cockerham, [76].
• Committee of Both Houses, [162].
• Committee of Both Kingdoms, letters to, [129], [135].
• Conduit, Manchester, [17].
• Cotterell, Capt., [189].
• Crane, Sir Richard, [124].
• Cromwell, Oliver, [165], [174].
• —— —— victory at Preston, [166-8].
• —— —— —— Dunbar, [180].
• Croxton, Col. Thomas, [197].
• Danson, Thomas, Under Sheriff, [14].
• Darwen, River, [167].
• Dean, Col., [167].
• Deansgate, Manchester, [43], [44], [45], [47], [50].
• Derby, Charlotte de la Tremoille, Countess of, [26-7].
• —— —— letters of, to Prince Rupert, [21], [80].
• —— —— defends Lathom House, [101-110].
• —— —— removes to Isle of Man, [129], [129n].
• —— —— surrenders Isle of Man, [200].
• Delamere, royalist defeat at, [98].
• Denbigh, Earl of, [126], [129].
• Derby, Earl of. See [Stanley, James].
• Dives, Sir Lewis, [180].
• Dodding, Col. George, [72], [120].
• —— —— appointed Colonel, [54].
• —— —— taken prisoner, [72].
• —— —— suspicions of, [119], [119n].
• —— —— defeats royalists at Walton, [132].
• —— —— besieges Greenhalgh Castle, [137].
• —— —— in Second Civil War, [162].
• Doncaster, [165].
• Dorsetshire, affray in, [19].
• Duckenfield, Col. Robert, [76], [183].
• —— —— surrenders Stockport to Rupert, [117].
• —— —— suppresses free companies, [175].
• —— —— subdues Isle of Man, [200].
• —— —— Lord Derby's opinion of, [201].
• Dukenhalgh Hall, [82].
• Dunbar, battle of, [180].
• Eccleston, [58n].
• —— Green, [120].
• Edge, Capt. Oliver, [196n], [198].
• —— —— Earl of Derby surrenders to, [196].
• Egerton, Peter, of Shaw in Flixton, Colonel and Major-General, [54], [56].
• —— —— in command at second siege of Lathom, [143-4].
• —— —— his letter to the Speaker, [153].
• Ellel, [76].
• Emmott Lane Head, [92].
• Fairfax, Ferdinando, first Baron, [39], [89], [90].
• —— Sir Thomas, [115], [140].
• —— —— victory at Wakefield, [85].
• —— —— at Adwalton Moor, [90].
• —— —— Lancashire troops with, in Cheshire, [93].
• —— —— relieves Nantwich, [98].
• —— —— at Lathom, [101-104].
• —— —— insubordination to, [119].
• —— —— defeats Goring at Langport, [150].
• —— —— at Preston, [167].
• Fanshawe, Anne, Lady, [30].
• —— Sir Richard, [30].
• Farington, William, of Worden, [13], [56], [58].
• —— —— notice of, [29].
• —— —— at siege of Manchester, [42].
• —— —— at Lathom, [104], [143].
• Farmer, Capt., at Lathom House, [104].
• —— sortie led by, [105].
• Featherstonhaugh, Sir T., [197].
• Fitton, Sir Edward, summoned as delinquent, [13].
• —— —— letters of, [16], [23].
• —— —— disarms his tenants, [41].
• Fleetwood, John, [56], [58].
• —— Richard, of Rossall, [20n].
• Fox, Capt., [104].
• Friars Gate, Preston, [76].
• Freckleton Marsh, [132].
• Fulwood Moor, royalist gathering on, [12].
• Gamul, Sir Francis, [182].
• Gell, Sir John, [15n], [129].
• Gerard, Sir Gilbert, [42].
• Gilbey, Sir Theophilus, [182].
• Girlington, Sir John, Sheriff of Lancashire, [12], [18], [58], [74].
• —— —— notice of, [29].
• —— —— at siege of Manchester, [42].
• —— —— surrenders at Lancaster, [71].
• —— —— taken prisoner at Thurland, [88].
• —— —— reoccupies Thurland, [93].
• Gisburn, [165].
• Goring, Lord, [131], [132].
• —— joins Rupert, [129].
• —— defeated at Langport, [150].
• Greaves Town, [132].
• Green, Alexander, [17], [17n], [18].
• Greenhalgh Castle, [88], [99], [109], [135].
• —— —— siege of, [137].
• Grey, Lord, [129].
• Haigh Hall, Wigan, [204].
• Haleford, [86], [124], [124n], [142].
• —— Prince Rupert at, [131].
• —— guarded, [140].
• Halifax, [89], [90].
• Hamilton, First Duke of, invades Lancashire, [159], [163], [165].
• —— —— his letter to Lancashire Ministers, [164].
• —— —— at Hornby, [164].
• —— —— defeated at Preston, [166-168].
• —— —— executed, [171].
• —— Second Duke of, [182].
• Harrison, Col., at Preston, [166], [167].
• —— sent to Lancashire (1651), [183].
• —— joins Lambert, [184].
• —— Sir John, notice of, [30].
• Haslington, Cheshire, [117].
• Hastings, Mr., [19].
• Hatherton, [117].
• Hawarden Castle, [97].
• Hesketh, Mr., [190].
• Heyrick, Richard, Warden of Manchester, [10], [49].
• —— —— notice of, [44n].
• —— —— special preacher before Parliament, [156], [171].
• Heywood, Peter, plot to betray Manchester, [119].
• Hindley, Capt., [99].
• Hinfield Moor, [59n].
• Hodder Bridge, [165].
• Hoghton, Sir Gilbert, [16], [64].
• —— —— notice of, [29].
• —— —— at siege of Manchester, [42].
• —— —— defeated by Col. Shuttleworth, [59].
• —— —— attacks Blackburn, [62].
• —— —— at Preston, [64].
• —— —— ordered to Chester, [96].
• —— Lady, [64].
• —— Richard, killed at Preston, [64].
• —— Tower, [59], [68n].
• —— —— beacon at, fired, [59].
• —— —— surrendered and blown up, [68-9].
• —— —— Lilburne's camp at, [191].
• Holcroft, Col. Thos., in affray at Manchester, [18], [19], [20].
• —— —— at Lancaster, [75].
• Holland, Richard, of Heaton, Governor of Manchester, [46], [56], [76], [161].
• —— —— notice of, [46n].
• —— —— at Preston, [63-4].
• —— —— in command at Wigan, [79].
• —— —— accused of cowardice, [79n].
• —— —— at Warrington, [80].
• —— —— at York, [89].
• —— —— with Fairfax in Cheshire, [98].
• —— —— suspicions of, [119].
• Holt, [117].
• —— Capt., [69].
• —— Robert, of Castleton, [15], [56], [58].
• Hornby Castle, [86], [88n], [93].
• —— —— captured, [87-8].
• —— —— Prince Rupert at, [131].
• —— —— Hamilton at, [164].
• Hotham, Sir John, [90].
• Howe Bridge, [60n].
• Huddleston, Col., defeated at Lindale, [94], [132].
• —— Sir William, [172].
• Hull, [5].
• —— first blood of the Civil War shed at, [19-20].
• —— first siege of, [20].
• —— powder sent from, to Lancashire, [54].
• —— retreat of the Fairfaxes to, [90].
• Hunt's Bank, Manchester, [43].
• Hutchinson, Colonel, [129].
• Ireland, Sir Gilbert, [174n].
• —— —— chosen one of Lord Derby's judges, [197].
• Ireton, General, [178].
• Irish troops for Lancashire, [96].
• —— —— land in Wales, [97].
• —— —— defeated at Nantwich, [98].
• Kendal, [163], [165].
• —— Charles II. proclaimed at, [174].
• Key, Capt., [143].
• Kilmorey, Lord, [56].
• King, Act forbidding proclamation of, [173].
• Kinver Heath, [195].
• Kirkby, Roger, M.P. for Lancashire, [58], [94].
• —— —— notice of, [30].
• —— —— surrenders at Lancaster, [71].
• Kirkby Lonsdale, [163], [166].
• Kirkham, [86], [132], [188], [189].
• Knutsford, royalist muster at, [16].
• —— Lambert retreats to, [184].
• Lambert, General, [162], [163], [170], [180].
• —— —— joins Cromwell, [165].
• —— —— disbands Lancashire forces, [174].
• —— —— follows Scots march, [183].
• —— —— skirmishes at Warrington, [184].
• Lancashire, geographical features of, [1], [2].
• —— —— effect on Civil War, [3-5].
• —— religious parties in, [3].
• —— course of Civil War in, [4].
• —— petitions from, [9], [10].
• —— members of Long Parliament, [30].
• —— attempted pacification in, [56].
• —— troops from, in Yorkshire, [89].
• —— —— in Cheshire, [93], [141n].
• —— —— at siege of Chester, [148-9].
• —— state of, after first Civil War, [151], [153], [154].
• —— —— after second Civil War, [173].
• —— Presbyterianism established in, [156].
• —— Ministers, Hamilton's letter to, [164].
• —— troops refuse to disband, [174].
• Lancaster, [67], [74], [80], [120], [163n].
• —— M.P.'s for, [30].
• —— occupied for Parliament, [71].
• —— retaken by Royalists, [75].
• —— besieged, [87].
• —— Castle, [75n].
• Langdale, Sir Marmaduke, [160], [165].
• —— —— at Preston, [166].
• —— —— taken prisoner, [171].
• —— —— visits Isle of Man, [180].
• Langho, [83].
• Landown, [68].
• Lathom House, [58], [61], [84], [85], [88], [96], [118], [132], [135], [188].
• —— —— description of, [100].
• —— —— first siege of, [99-109].
• —— —— site of, [110-113].
• —— —— siege of, raised, [120].
• —— —— garrison of, [136].
• —— —— second siege of, [142-6].
• —— —— surrender of, [147].
• Lauderdale, Earl of, [195], [197].
• Layton Common, [72].
• Lea Hall, [132].
• Leeds, [89].
• Legge, Col., [188].
• Leicester, [19], [142].
• —— Charles I. at, [165].
• Leigh, skirmish at, [60].
• —— taken by Manchester troops, [61].
• —— Mr., of Adlington, [41].
• —— —— his house attacked, [62].
• Leslie, Alex., first Earl of Leven, [115].
• Leyland Hundred, [54], [58], [66], [67], [93], [131], [188].
• Lilburne, Col. Robert, [190].
• —— —— letter of, to Speaker Lenthall, [187].
• —— —— ordered to Lancashire, [189].
• —— —— at Preston, [190].
• —— —— defeats Derby at Wigan, [192-194].
• —— —— lands voted to, by Parliament, [196].
• Lindale, [94].
• Liverpool, [74], [135], [191].
• —— M.P.'s for, [30].
• —— occupied for Parliament, [87].
• —— fortified by Col. Moore, [95].
• —— captured by Prince Rupert, [127].
• —— retaken by Parliament, [135], [136].
• Long Parliament, Lancashire members of, [30].
• Lonsdale, Hundred, [54], [58], [188].
• Loughborough, [19].
• Lowton Common, [60].
• Lygonia, [33].
• Lytham Hall, [72], [74], [132].
• Mackworth, Col., [183], [197].
• Magazines seized by royalists, [13], [14].
• Mains Hall, [190].
• Mainwaring, Col., [117].
• Malpas, [116], [170].
• Man, Isle of, [179].
• —— —— surrendered to Parliament, [200].
• Manchester magazine secured for Parliament, [14].
• —— first affray at, [16].
• —— in 1642, [37].
• —— proposed university for, [38].
• —— siege of, [41-51].
• —— state of, during siege, [49-51].
• —— importance of siege of, [51].
• —— powder sent to, [54].
• —— distress in, [154-5], [173].
• —— plague in, [154].
• —— collection for, [154].
• Market Drayton, [117], [142], [170].
• Market Stead Lane, Manchester, [43], [45].
• Markland, Capt., [101].
• Marston Moor, battle of, [125], [130], [139].
• —— —— result of, in Lancashire, [129], [130].
• Martindale, Adam, opinion of Col. Moore, [34n].
• —— —— description of Lancashire distress, [151].
• Mason, Col., [197].
• Massey, Major-General, [186], [188].
• Maurice, Prince, [179].
• Meldrum, Sir John, surrenders Newark, [115].
• —— —— in Manchester, [119].
• —— —— victory at Ormskirk, [132-3].
• —— —— negotiations with Derby, [138-9].
• —— —— death of, [137n].
• Mercer, Robert, [58].
• Middleton, Sir George, summoned as delinquent, [13].
• —— Lieut-Gen., [171].
• —— Church, [32n].
• Middlewich, [97].
• Militia, [9].
• —— ordinance, [10], [11].
• —— —— in Essex, [19].
• —— —— in Lincolnshire, [19].
• —— Lancashire, disbanded, [174].
• —— —— reconstituted, [175].
• Millgate, Manchester, [43].
• Ministers, Lancashire, Hamilton's letter to, [164].
• Mitton, Major-General, one of Lord Derby's judges, [197].
• Molyneux, Caryll, afterwards 3rd Viscount, [27].
• —— Richard, 2nd Viscount, [12], [84], [131].
• —— —— raises troops for the King, [21].
• —— —— notice of, [27], [28].
• —— —— at siege of Manchester, [42].
• —— —— at battle of Whalley, [81].
• —— —— leaves Lancashire, [86].
• Monck, Col., [98].
• Moore, Edward, [34], [35].
• —— Col. John, of Bank Hall, [6].
• —— —— notice of, [34], [34n].
• —— —— appointed Colonel, [54].
• —— —— fortifies Liverpool, [95].
• —— —— at siege of Liverpool, [128-9].
• Moot Hill, [81].
• Morgan, Col., [102], [102n], [143].
• Mort, Adam, Mayor of Preston, [58].
• —— —— death of, [64].
• Mosley, Sir Edward, intercepts powder for Manchester, [54].
• —— Nicolas, boroughreeve of Manchester, [14], [18].
• Munro, Sir George, [160], [165], [168], [170].
• Musgrave, Sir Philip, [94].
• —— —— occupies Carlisle, [160].
• —— —— surrenders at Appleby, [172].
• Myerscough Lodge, [28], [28n], [120].
• —— —— Charles II. at, [182].
• Nantwich, [80], [86], [117], [185].
• —— besieged, [97].
• —— relieved by Sir T. Fairfax, [98].
• Newcastle, [115].
• —— Wm. Cavendish, Earl of, [67], [68].
• —— —— victory at Adwalton, [89-90].
• —— —— summons Manchester, [91].
• —— —— retreats to York, [115].
• Newton, Lancashire, M.P.'s for, [30].
• Norris, Col., [87].
• Northwich, [185].
• Nottingham, [129], [165].
• —— royal standard raised at, [21].
• Nowell, Col. Roger, of Read, [55], [56].
• —— —— surrenders Lathom House, [146].
• Oath imposed by Lord Derby on Lancashire, [57n].
• Ogle, Capt. Henry, royalist collector, [58].
• —— at first siege of Lathom, [104], [106].
• Ogleby, Lord, [132].
• Ordinance. See [Militia].
• —— for disbanding the Militia, [174].
• Ordsall Hall, [18], [18n].
• Ormonde, Marquis of, [96], [97n], [179].
• Ormskirk, [58n], [105], [141].
• —— royalist defeat at, [133].
• —— riot at, [173].
• —— Lord Derby buried at, [204].
• Otley, [165].
• Pacifications, local, [55].
• —— in Lancashire (1642), [56-8].
• Padiham, [81], [82].
• Palmer, Roger, M.P. for Newton, [30].
• Pateson, Capt. Wm., [95], [120].
• Penderel, Wm., [195].
• Penrith, [163].
• Penwortham Hall, [83].
• —— Moor, [132].
• Perceval, Richard, killed at Manchester, [18].
• Petitions from Lancashire to Parliament, [9].
• —— to King, [10].
• —— from Lancashire recusants to King, [3], [10].
• Pontefract, [89], [163], [165].
• Poulton-le-Fylde, [72].
• Pownall, Major, [166].
• Preesall Sands, royalists land at, [188], [189].
• Presbyterianism established in Lancashire, [156].
• Presbyterians, Lancashire, difficulty of, in 1648, [160].
• —— —— manifesto by, [161].
• —— —— meeting with Lord Derby, [187].
• Prescot, [58n], [95].
• Preston, [67], [74], [80], [94], [120], [165], [188].
• —— magazine seized by royalists, [13].
• —— M.P.'s for, [30].
• —— captured by Parliamentarians, [63-5].
• —— importance of, [65].
• —— retaken by Lord Derby, [76].
• —— battle of, [166-8].
• —— riots at, [173].
• —— Charles II. at, [182].
• —— skirmish at, [190].
• Prestwich Church, [41].
• —— Mr., [14].
• Pride, Col., [167].
• Queen Henrietta Maria lands at Bridlington, [78].
• —— —— prepares to invade Lancashire, [85].
• Radcliffe, Sir Alexander, [13], [14], [18], [18n].
• —— —— at siege of Manchester, [42].
• —— Molyneux, [104], [143].
• —— Capt. Richard, [43].
• —— —— notice of, [43n].
• —— Savile, [56].
• Raglan Castle, [150].
• Rawcliffe Hall, [190].
• Rawsthorne, Capt., at first siege of Lathom, [104].
• —— made Colonel, [129].
• —— at second siege of Lathom, [143].
• Read, Col., [167].
• —— Hall, [82], [83].
• Recusants, Lancashire, petition of, [3], [10].
• Rhodes, Sir E., [170].
• Ribble Bridge, [63], [132], [190].
• —— —— Scots defeated at, [167].
• Ribchester, [81].
• Rich, Col., [183].
• Rigby, Alexander, of Burgh, [56], [58], [59n], [94].
• —— of Layton, [194n].
• —— of Middleton in Goosnargh, [6], [16].
• —— —— at the meeting on Fulwood Moor, [12], [13].
• —— —— prepares Lord Strange's Impeachment, [22].
• —— —— M.P. for Preston, [30].
• —— —— notice of, [33-4].
• —— —— appointed Colonel, [54].
• —— —— arrives in Lancashire, [93].
• —— —— takes Thurland Castle, [93-4].
• —— —— at first siege of Lathom, [102], [104], [107-9].
• —— —— at sack of Bolton, [120], [124].
• —— —— at second siege of Lathom, [145].
• —— —— summons Deputy Lieutenants, (1648), [161], [162].
• —— —— occupies Kendal, [163].
• —— —— dismissed from his command, [175].
• —— George, of Peel, [58].
• —— Major Joseph, [137], [175].
• Robinson, Col., [188].
• —— Major, [29n], [148].
• Rochdale occupied by Parliament, [91].
• —— riots at, [173].
• Roscarrock, Col., [194].
• Rossall Hall, [72], [72n].
• —— Point, [71].
• Rosworm, Col. John, engaged to fortify Manchester, [40], [40n], [41].
• —— —— at siege of Manchester, [44-6], [48].
• —— —— at Leigh, [61].
• —— —— at Preston, [63].
• —— —— at Wigan, [79].
• —— —— fortifies Blackstone Edge, [92].
• —— —— urged to betray Manchester, [119].
• —— —— at siege of Liverpool, [135].
• Roundway Down, [68].
• Rowton Heath, [142], [144].
• Rupert, Prince, [100], [115], [179].
• —— —— letters of Lady Derby to, [21], [80].
• —— —— advances towards Lancashire, [116-117].
• —— —— occupies Stockport, [118].
• —— —— takes Bolton, [121-124].
• —— —— takes Liverpool, [127].
• —— —— at Lathom, [129].
• —— —— Court jealousy of, [130].
• —— —— surrenders Bristol, [150].
• St. Anne of Dunkirk, [71-74].
• Sabden Brook, [82].
• Salesbury Hall, [62].
• —— ferry, [81], [83].
• Salford Bridge, [38], [43], [44], [46].
• —— —— affray on, [49n].
• —— Hundred, [3], [7], [54], [58].
• Sandbach, [117].
• Say, Lord, Parliamentarian Lord-Lieutenant of Cheshire, [11].
• Schofield, Cap., [69].
• Scots invasion in 1644, [115].
• —— —— 1648, [163].
• —— defeated at Preston, [166-168].
• —— —— Winwick, [169].
• —— surrender at Warrington, [169-70].
• —— invasion in 1651, [182-185].
• Seaton, Sir John, ordered to Lancashire, [53].
• —— —— at Preston, [63].
• —— —— at Lancaster, [75].
• —— —— unpopularity of, [77], [77n].
• Selby, royalist defeat at, [115].
• Sequestrations, [153].
• Sherington, Francis, [58].
• Shrewsbury, [124].
• Shudehill, Manchester, [43].
• Shuttleworth, Col. Nicholas, [132], [161], [162].
• —— —— at siege of Chester, [149].
• —— Richard, M.P. for Clitheroe, [30].
• —— Col., M.P. for Preston, [6], [12], [56].
• —— —— notice of, [32-33].
• —— —— appointed Colonel, [54].
• —— —— engaged in Lancashire pacifications, [56].
• —— —— defeats Sir Richard Hoghton, [59].
• —— —— at capture of Preston, [76].
• —— —— at battle of Whalley, [82-84].
• —— —— skirmishes with Prince Rupert, [130].
• —— —— dismissed from his command, [175].
• —— —— visits Lilburne at Hoghton, [191].
• —— Col. Ughtred, [161], [162].
• —— Capt. William, [71].
• —— —— death of, [75].
• Singleton, [72], [189].
• Skipton, [78], [130], [135].
• —— Cromwell at, [165].
• Smithson, Major, [166].
• Sparrow, Sergeant-Major, at Preston, [63].
• —— —— in the Fylde, [71-72].
• —— —— at Lancaster, [75].
• Stafford, [54].
• Standish, [12], [101].
• —— Moor, [84], [168].
• —— Col., [188].
• —— Thomas, killed at Manchester, [47].
• —— —— notice of, [47n].
• —— Thomas, M.P. for Preston, [30], [47n].
• Stanley, Lady Amelia, [179], [202].
• —— Charles, Lord Strange, afterwards 8th Earl of Derby, [12], [14], [200].
• —— Lady Henrietta Maria, [27].
• —— —— letter of, [194].
• —— James, Lord Strange, afterwards 7th Earl of Derby, [4], [5].
• —— —— character of, [6].
• —— —— made a Lord-Lieutenant of Lancashire and Cheshire by the King, [11].
• —— —— calls a meeting on Fulwood Moor, [12].
• —— —— suggests raising royal standard at Warrington, [21].
• —— —— joins Charles I. at Shrewsbury, [21].
• —— —— impeached by Parliament, [22].
• —— —— career and character of, [24-26].
• —— —— besieges Manchester, [42-51].
• —— —— burns Spanish ship, [72].
• —— —— occupies Lancaster, [75].
• —— —— takes Preston, [76].
• —— —— his attacks on Bolton, [69], [78].
• —— —— defeated at Whalley, [82-4].
• —— —— joins the Queen, [84].
• —— —— retires to Isle of Man, [85].
• —— —— urges Rupert to relieve Lathom, [116].
• —— —— joins Rupert's march, [119].
• —— —— at Bolton, [121-122].
• —— —— defeated by Meldrum in Cheshire, [136].
• —— —— negotiations with Meldrum, [138], [139], [139n].
• —— —— in Isle of Man, [177].
• —— —— made K.G., [180].
• —— —— lands in Lancashire 1651, [185].
• —— —— his interview with Charles II., [185].
• —— —— meeting with Presbyterians, [186].
• —— —— defeated at Wigan, [194].
• —— —— his capture, [196].
• —— —— trial and death of, [196-204].
• —— Lady Katherine, [179], [202].
• —— Sir Thomas, of Bickerstaffe, [14], [18n], [19], [20].
• Stanwix, [163].
• Stonyhurst, [166], [171].
• Starkie, Capt., [68-9].
• —— Col., [54], [56], [59].
• Strickland, Sir R., [172].
• —— W., [27n].
• Swarbreck, [120].
• Talbot, Sir J., [58], [62].
• —— Lord, [195].
• Tarporley, [149].
• Thornhaugh, Col., death of, [168].
• Throgmorton, Sir W., [188].
• —— —— death of, [194].
• Thurland Castle, first capture of, [88].
• —— —— second capture of, [93], [94].
• Tilsley, John, Vicar of Dean, [64].
• Towneley Hall, [55].
• —— Mr., [64].
• Townson, Mr., [72].
• Tunstall, [93].
• Turner, Capt., [196].
• Twistleton, Col., at Warrington, [184].
• —— —— one of Lord Derby's judges, [197], [199].
• Tyldesley, Sir Thomas, royalist Col. and Maj.-Gen., [13], [20], [74], [95], [131], [164], [191].
• —— —— notice of, [28].
• —— —— at siege of Manchester, [42].
• —— —— at Whalley, [81-83].
• —— —— retreats before Assheton, [84], [86].
• —— —— joins the Queen, [86].
• —— —— at Bolton, [121].
• —— —— besieges Lancaster, [170].
• —— —— surrenders at Appleby, [172].
• —— —— at campaign of Wigan, [188].
• —— —— his death, [193].
• Upholland, [188].
• Uttoxeter, defeat of Scots at, [170].
• Vane, Sir Harry, at York, [126].
• —— —— appointed to examine Earl of Derby's Papers, [196].
• Venables, Capt., afterwards General, [61n].
• —— —— taken prisoner, [61].
• Vere, Col., at second siege of Lathom, [143], [146].
• —— —— wounded at Preston, [190].
• Wakefield, [89].
• Walton, [132], [167].
• Warrington, [81], [140], [165], [167].
• —— proposal to raise royal standard at, [21].
• —— Lord Strange's muster at, [41].
• —— made royalist headquarters, [57].
• —— unsuccessful siege of, [80].
• —— captured by Sir W. Brereton, [86-7].
• —— Scots surrender at, [170].
• —— meeting at, [186-7].
• —— royalist Council of War at, [188].
• Wensleydale, [164].
• Wetherby, [165].
• West Derby Hundred, [54], [95], [131], [188].
• Westhoughton, royalist victory at, [61].
• Whalley, battle of, [82-4].
• Wharton, Lord, Lord-Lieutenant of Lancashire, [11], [15], [16].
• Whitchurch, [116], [142], [149].
• Whitley, Higher, [184].
• Widdrington, Lord, [188], [192].
• —— —— death of, [193].
• Wigan, [67], [69], [74], [80], [101], [166].
• —— M.P.'s for, [30].
• —— first capture of, by Parliament, [79].
• —— second capture of, by Parliament, [84].
• —— distress in, [173].
• —— Charles II. proclaimed at, [174].
• —— battle of, [193].
• Willoughby, Lord, of Parham, [19].
• Windebank, Capt., [42].
• Winwick, [87].
• —— Scots defeated at, [169].
• Worcester, powder sent from, to Manchester, [54].
• —— Charles II. defeated at, [195].
• Worden Hall, [29n].
• Wrigley, Henry, Reeve of Salford, [39n].
• Wyn, Sir Richard, M.P. for Liverpool, [30].
• Wyre River, [72], [72n], [185].
• York, [115].
• —— siege of, [116].
• Zancthy, Mr., Lord Derby's counsel, [198].

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