Epidemic Respiratory Disease / The pneumonias and other infections of the repiratory tract accompanying influenza and measles

by Eugene L. Opie; Francis G. Blake; Thomas M. Rivers; James C. Small

INDEX

• A
• Abscess of lung, bacteriology of, [203]
  • empyema with, [233]
  • healing of, [208]
  • measles with, [347]
  • parotitis with, [356]
  • pathogenesis of, [205], [375]
  • scarlet fever with, [357]
  • staphylococcus causing, [199], [225], [366], [377]
  • S. hemolyticus causing, [199], [365]
• Autopsies, table of, [118], [120], [335]
• Autopsy protocols, No. 280, [226];
  • No. 286, [226];
  • No. 312, [254];
  • No. 322, [228];
  • No. 330, [214];
  • No. 333, [229];
  • No. 370, [229];
  • No. 376, [206];
  • No. 379, [215];
  • No. 380, [204];
  • No. 387, [206];
  • No. 397, [223];
  • No. 406, [204];
  • No. 416, [204];
  • No. 420, [279];
  • No. 425, [229];
  • No. 428, [280];
  • No. 433, [280];
  • No. 445, [257];
  • No. 465, [238];
  • No. 467, [208];
  • No. 473, [236];
  • No. 474, [221];
  • No. 487, [273];
  • No. 499, [224];
  • No. 504, [238]
• B
• Bacillus influenzæ, [369]
  • bronchi and, [178], [215], [346]
  • bronchitis and, [153], [371]
  • experimental inoculation with, [389]
  • history of, [25]
  • influenza and, [30], [42], [43], [46], [49], [76], [370]
  • isolation of, [30], [32], [38], [44]
  • measles with, [26], [40], [43], [295], [351]
  • meningitis and, [26]
  • normal men carrying, [34], [42], [45], [369]
  • pathogenicity of, [26], [48], [370], [387], [396]
  • pneumococcus pneumonia with, [62], [178]
  • pneumonia with, [72], [75], [76], [173], [364], [371]
• Bronchi, inflammation of mucous glands of, [146]
• Bronchiectasis, [239], [269], [355], [367]
  • abscess with, [254]
  • bacteriology of, [244]
  • bronchitis with, [245]
  • measles with, [336]
  • pathogenesis of, [245], [259]
• Bronchiolitis, organizing, [264]
• Bronchitis, [40], [142], [195], [359]
  • bacteriology of, [56], [150], [164], [359], [371]
  • bronchiectasis with, [245]
  • chronic, [262]
  • clinical course of, [58]
  • measles with, [336]
  • organizing, [264]
  • purulent, [47], [56], [60], [63], [74], [143], [149], [153], [360]
• Bronchopneumonia, [60], [63], [66], [162], [360], [363]
  • bacteriology of, [68], [163], [171], [176], [181], [184], [189], [194], [197], [345], [364]
  • fibrin with, [182]
  • lobar pneumonia with, [155], [157]
  • measles with, [340]
  • secondary infection by S. hemolyticus with, [172], [177], [181], [374]
• C
• Carriers of B. Influenzæ, [46], [101], [369]
  • of S. hemolyticus, [99], [285], [287], [298], [303], [309], [310], [315], [319], [321], [332], [379]
• Cartilage, atrophy with bronchiectasis of, [254]
• Contact infection in influenza, prevention of, [98]
  • in measles, [289]
  • in pneumonia, prevention of, [98]
• Cubicles to prevent contact infection, [98], [290]
• Cyanosis, [144]
• E
• Empyema, [64], [67], [224], [226], [233], [304], [366]
  • abscess of lung and, [233]
  • encapsulated, [235]
  • interstitial suppurative pneumonia with, [216], [234]
  • measles with, [349]
  • pneumococcus, [236], [350]
  • streptococcus, [233], [350]
• Endophlebitis, [219]
• H
• Hemorrhagic and edematous consolidation with bronchopneumonia, [188]
  • peribronchiolar consolidation with bronchopneumonia, [163], [173], [272], [340]
• Hepatization with bronchopneumonia, [179], [181]
  • with lobar pneumonia, [160]
• I
• Influenza, B. influenzæ with, [30], [73]
  • bronchitis with, [55], [56]
  • clinical course of, [28], [53], [73], [80]
  • coryza with, [54]
  • cyanosis with, [54]
  • epidemic in fall of 1918, [52], [108], [359]
  • epidemic in spring of 1918, [47]
  • fever with, [53]
  • gastrointestinal symptoms with, [55]
  • laryngitis with, [54]
  • lobar pneumonia and, [161]
  • measles and, [292], [319], [331], [351], [357], [380]
  • pandemic of 1889–90, [109], [115]
  • pandemic of 1918–19, [27], [359]
  • pharyngitis with, [54]
  • pneumococcus with, [33]
  • pneumonia with, [55], [59], [74], [81], [139]
  • pulmonary lesions of, [137]
  • pulse with, [54]
  • secondary infection with, [28], [45], [57], [95]
  • sputum with, [55]
  • S. hemolyticus with, [103]
• Interstitial bronchopneumonia, [261], [278], [348]
  • suppurative pneumonia, [199], [209], [366], [376]
    • bacteriology of, [214]
    • chronic inflammation with, [221]
    • empyema with, [216], [234]
    • healing of, [222], [224]
    • measles with, [348]
    • pericarditis with, [237]
• L
• Lobar pneumonia, [60], [63], [154], [360], [362]
  • bacteriology of, [64], [156], [164], [339], [362]
  • bronchopneumonia with, [155], [157]
  • experimental production in monkeys of, [394], [397]
  • influenza and, [161]
  • measles with, [337]
  • purulent bronchitis with, [60], [63], [66]
  • secondary infection by hemolytic streptococci with, [64], [159], [340], [374]
  • spread in lung of, [339], [354]
  • typhoid fever with, [353]
• Lobular consolidation, confluent, [188], [341]
  • with bronchopneumonia, [163], [178], [272], [341]
• Lymphatics, suppurative inflammation of, [217], [218], [376]
  • thrombosis of, [217], [218]
• Lymphangitis, experimental production with S. hemolyticus of, [392]
• M
• Masks to prevent contact infection, [98], [290]
• Mastoiditis, [303], [312], [332]
• Measles, [119], [288]
  • B. influenzæ with, [26], [40], [43], [295]
  • bronchiectasis with, [336]
  • bronchitis with, [336]
  • bronchopneumonia with, [340]
  • complications of, [303], [378]
  • empyema with, [349]
  • influenza and, [292], [319], [331], [351], [357], [380]
  • interstitial suppurative pneumonia with, [348]
  • lobar pneumonia with, [337]
  • pneumococcus pneumonia with, [312]
  • pneumonia and, [292], [303], [312], [332], [334], [378]
  • secondary infection with, [282]
  • S. hemolyticus with, [285], [287], [297], [319], [330], [331], [353], [378]
  • suppurative pneumonia with, [345], [347]
  • unresolved bronchopneumonia with, [342]
• Methods, [29], [51], [283], [291]
• Mortality of pneumococcus pneumonia, [140]
  • of pneumonia following influenza, [139]
  • of streptococcus pneumonia, [140]
• Mumps, [119], [355]
• N
• Necrosis with bronchopneumonia caused by S. hemolyticus, [186], [375]
  • with lobar pneumonia caused by S. hemolyticus, [160], [374]
  • with S. hemolyticus, [199], [200]
• O
• Oedema, interstitial, [209]
• Organization of pneumonic exudate, [197]
• Otitis media, [289], [303], [312], [317], [329], [332]
• P
• Peribronchiolar consolidation with bronchopneumonia, [163], [166], [267], [340]
• Pericarditis, [64], [237]
• Peribronchial consolidation with bronchopneumonia, [163], [192], [361]
  • hemorrhage, [189]
• Peritonitis, [238]
• Phagocytosis of red blood corpuscles, [272]
• Pneumococcus, [372]
  • bronchitis and, [153]
  • bronchopneumonia with, [165], [184], [373]
  • empyema, [236]
  • experimental lobar pneumonia with, [393]
  • influenza with, [33]
  • lobar pneumonia with, [158], [372]
  • pneumonia, [60], [75], [104]
    • clinical course of, [62]
    • measles and, [312], [332]
    • mortality of, [140]
    • secondary pneumococcus infection with, [61]
    • secondary streptococcus infection with, [62]
    • transmission of, [91], [383]
  • secondary infection in pneumonia with, [91]
• Pneumonia, B. influenzæ causing, [72], [76], [371]
  • bacteriology of influenza and, [60], [74], [107]
  • bacteriology of measles and, [351]
  • chronic fibroid, [273]
  • clinical course of influenza with, [62]
  • diagnosis of, [136], [334], [361]
  • dissecans, [209]
  • immunity following, [373]
  • influenza with, [59], [76], [81], [109], [360]
  • measles and, [119], [292], [303], [312], [332], [334], [378]
  • mumps and, [119]
  • pneumococcus, see Pneumococcus pneumonia
  • prevention of, [98], [319], [383]
  • scarlet fever and, [119]
  • secondary infection with, [83], [106]
  • spread through lungs of, [194], [373]
  • staphylococcus, see Staphylococcus pneumonia
  • streptococcus, see Streptococcus pneumonia
  • S. hemolyticus in throat with, [310], [329], [379]
• Pseudoinfluenza bacilli, [26]
• S
• Scarlet fever, [119], [356]
• Squamous transformation of bronchial epithelium, [149], [251], [275], [336]
• Staphylococcus, [153], [377]
  • pneumonia, [112], [225], [354], [366]
  • pneumonia, pathogenesis of, [230]
• Streptococcus empyema, [233]
  • hemolyticus, [374]
    • bronchitis with, [153]
    • dissemination in wards of, [315]
    • experimental production of acute
    • lymphangitis with, [392]
    • identification of, [283]
    • influenza with, [103]
    • lobar pneumonia with, [64], [159]
    • measles with, [285], [287], [297], [330], [331], [345], [353], [378]
    • normal men with, [285], [322]
    • secondary infection in pneumonia with, [84], [106], [178], [204], [374]
  • nonhemolytic, [376]
  • peritonitis, [238]
  • pneumonia, [60], [70], [75], [115], [307], [365]
    • bacteriology of, [71]
    • clinical features of, [71]
    • measles with, [303], [305], [307], [318]
    • mortality of, [140]
    • transmission of, [84], [381]
  • viridans, [377]
• Suppurative pneumonia, [199], [347]
  • with measles, [345], [347]
• T
• Thrombosis of capillaries with bronchopneumonia, [184]
• Typhoid fever, lobar pneumonia with, [353]
  • staphylococcus pneumonia with, [354]
• U
• Unresolved bronchopneumonia, [261], [266], [342], [368]
  • bacteriology of, [276]
  • interstitial suppurative pneumonia with, [278]

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[1]. Report of the Surgeon General, U. S. Army to the Secretary of War, 1918, p. 44.

[2]. Stillman, F. G.: A Study of Atypical Type II Pneumococci, Jour. Exper. Med., 1919, xxix, 251.

[3]. Opie, E. L., Freeman, A. W., Blake, F. G., Small, J. C., Rivers, T. M.: Pneumonia at Camp Funston, Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1919, lxxii, 108.

[4]. Vaughan, V. C., and Palmer, G. T.: Communicable Diseases in the National Guard and National Army of the United States, Jour. Lab. and Clin. Med., 1918, iii, 635.

[5]. Miller, J. L., and Lusk, F. B.: Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1918, lxxi, 702.

[6]. Report of the Surgeon General to the Secretary of War, 1919, i, 637.

[7]. MacNeal, W. J.: The Influenza Epidemic of 1918 in the American Expeditionary Forces in France and England, Arch. Int. Med., 1919, xxiii, 657.

[8]. Pfeiffer: Ztschr. f. Hyg., 1893, xiii, 357.

[9]. Wollstein: Jour. Exper. Med., 1916, viii, 681.

[10]. Kretz: Wien. klin. Wchnschr., 1897, x, 877.

[11]. Süsswein: Wien. klin. Wchnschr., 1901, xiv, 1149.

[12]. Liebscher: Prag. med. Wchnschr., 1903, xxviii, 85.

[13]. Jehle: Ztschr. f. Heilk., 1901, xx, n. s. 2, Int. Med.

[14]. Davis: Jour. Infect. Dis., 1906, iii, 1.

[15]. Lord: Boston Med. Sur. Jour., 1905, clii, 537, 574.

[16]. Boggs: Am. Jour. Med. Sc., 1905, cxxx, 902.

[17]. Wollstein: Am. Jour. Dis. Child., 1911, i, 42.

[18]. Rosenthal: Comp. rend. Soc. Biol., 1903, lv, 1500.

[19]. Wollstein: Jour. Exper. Med., 1915, xxii, 445.

[20]. Med. Sup. October 1, 1918 also Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1918, lxxi, 1573.

[21]. Opie, Freeman, Blake, Small, and Rivers: Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1919, lxxii, 108.

[22]. Vaughn and Palmer: Jour. Lab. and Clin. Med., 1918, iii, 635.

[23]. Soper: Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1918, lxxi, 1899.

[24]. Cole and MacCallum: Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1918, lxx, 1146.

[25]. Hammond, Rolland, and Shore: Lancet, London, 1917, ii, 41.

[26]. Abrahams, Hallows, Eyre, and French: Lancet, London, 1917, ii, 377.

[27]. Public Health Reports, U.S.P.H. Service, 1919, xxxiv, 33.

[28]. Blake: Jour. Exper. Med., 1917, xxvi, 67.

[29]. Avery: Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1918, lxx, 17.

[30]. Dunn: Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1918, lxxi, 2128.

[31]. Fantus: Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1918, lxxi, 1736.

[32]. Keegan: Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1918, lxxi, 1051.

[33]. Christian: Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1918, lxxi, 1565.

[34]. Blanton and Irons: Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1918, lxxi. 1988.

[35]. Hall, Stone and Simpson: Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1918, lxxi, 1986.

[36]. Synnott and Clark: Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1918, lxxi, 1816.

[37]. Friedlander, McCord, Sladen and Wheeler: Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1918, lxxi, 1652.

[38]. Brem, Bolling and Casper: Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1918, lxxi, 2138.

[39]. Ely, Lloyd, Hitchcock, and Nickson: Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1919, lxxii, 24.

[40]. Camp Lewis Pneumonia Unit: Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1919, lxxii, 268.

[41]. Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1918, lxxi, 2068.

[42]. Wolbach: Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp., 1919, xxx, 104.

[43]. Spooner, Scott and Heath: Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1919, lxxii, 155.

[44]. Kinsella: Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1919, lxxii, 717.

[45]. MacCallum: Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1919, lxxii, 720.

[46]. Pritchett and Stillman: Jour. Exper. Med., 1919, xxix, 259.

[47]. Hirsch and McKinney: Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1918, lxxi, 1735.

[48]. Parker: Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1919, lxxii, 476.

[49]. Opie, Freeman, Blake, Small and Rivers: Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1919, lxxii, 556.

[50]. See discussion on pages [115] to [118].

[51]. Isolated by blood culture on Sept. 23. Patient recovered.

[52]. Stillman: Jour. Exper. Med., 1916, xxiv, 651.

[53]. Stillman: Jour. Exper. Med., 1919, xxix, 251.

[54]. Haller and Colwell: Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1918, lxxi, 1213.

[55]. Doust and Lyon: Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1918, lxxi, 1216.

[56]. Held in receiving ward 40 hours because of admission of case of meningococcus meningitis to ward by mistake.

[57]. Finkler, D.: Infectionen der Lunge durch Streptococcen und Influenza Bacillen, Bonn, 1895.

[58]. Ribbert: Anatomische und bacteriologische Beobachtungen über Influenza, Deutsch. med. Wehnschr., 1890, xvi, 61, 301.

[59]. Pfeiffer: Die Aetiologie der Influenza, Ztschr. f. Hyg. 1893, xiii, 357.

[60]. Leichtenstern, O.: Influenza, Nothnagel’s Specielle Pathologie und Therapie, Wien, 1896, vol. ii, pt. 2.

[61]. Krannhals: Quoted by Leichtenstern.

[62]. Cruickshank: Brit. Med. Jour., 1895, i, 360.

[63]. Birch-Hirschfeld: Schmidt’s Jahrbücher, 1890, ccxxvi, 110.

[64]. Kuskow, N.: Zur pathologischen Anatomie der Grippe, Virchow’s Archiv., 1895, cxxxix, 406.

[65]. Keegan, J. J.: The Prevailing Epidemic of Influenza, Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1918, lxxi, 1051.

[66]. Symmers, D.: Pathologic Similarity between Pneumonia of Bubonic Plague and of Pandemic Influenza, Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1918, lxxi, 1482.

[67]. Opie, E. L., Freeman, A. W., Blake, F. G., Small, J. C., Rivers, T. M.: Pneumonia Following Influenza, Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1919, lxxii, 556.

[68]. LeCount, E. R.: The Pathological Anatomy of Influenzal Bronchopneumonia, Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1919, lxxii, 650.

[69]. MacCallum, W. G.: Pathology of the Pneumonia Following Influenza, Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1919, lxxii, 720.

[70]. Lyon, M. W.: Gross Pathology of Epidemic Influenza at Walter Reed Hospital, Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1919, lxxii, 924.

[71]. Goodpasture, E. W. and Burnett, F. L.: The Pathology of Pneumonia Accompanying Influenza, U. S. Naval Medical Bull., 1919, xiii, No. 2.

[72]. Wolbach: Comments on the Pathology and Bacteriology of Fatal Influenza Cases as Observed at Camp Devens, Mass., Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 1919, xxx, 104.

[73]. Cummings, J. G., Spruit, C. B., and Lynch, C.: The Pneumonias: Streptococcus and Pneumococcus Groups, Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1918, lxx, 1066.

[74]. Cole, R. and MacCallum, W. G.: Pneumonia at a Base Hospital, Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1918, lxx, 1146.

[75]. Miller, J. L., and Lusk, F. B.: Epidemic of Streptococcus Pneumonia and Empyema at Camp Dodge, Iowa, Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1918, lxxi, 702.

[76]. MacCallum, W. G.: Pathology of the Epidemic of Streptococcus Bronchopneumonia in the Army Camps, Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1919, lxxii, 720.

[77]. Stone, W. J., Phillips, B. G., and Bliss, W. P.: A Clinical Study of Pneumonia Based on 871 Cases, Arch. Int. Med., 1918, xxii, 409.

[78]. Opie, E. L., Freeman, A. W., Blake, F. G., Small, J. C., and Rivers, T. M.: Pneumonia at Camp Funston, Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1919, lxxii, 108.

[79]. Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1919, lxxii, 556.

[80]. Miller, W. S.: Am. Rev. Tuberc., 1919, iii, 65.

[81]. Wadsworth, A. B.: A Study of Organizating Pneumonia. Jour. Med. Research, 1918, xxxix, 147.

[82]. Kaufmann: Spezielle Pathologische Anatomie. 1909, ed. 5, p. 260.

[83]. Beitzke: Respirations Organe. Aschoff’s Path. Anat., 1913 ed. 3, Vol. II, p. 308.

[84]. Chickering, H. T. and Park, J. H.: Staphylococcus Aureus Pneumonia, Jour. Am. Med. Assn. 1919, lxxii, 617.

[85]. Stone, W. J., Phillips, B. G., and Bliss. W. P.: A Clinical Study of Pneumonia Based on 871 Cases. Arch. Int. Med., 1918, xxii, 409.

[86]. Loc. cit., p. 110.

[87]. Lord, F. T.: Infections of the Respiratory Tract with Influenza Bacilli, Boston Med. and Surg. Jour., 1905, clii, 537, 574.

[88]. Boggs, T. R.: Influenza Bacillus in Bronchiectasis, Am. Jour. Med. Sc., 1905, cxxx, 902.

[89]. Thornton and Pratt: Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp., 1908, xix, 230.

[90]. Two cases positive for hemolytic streptococci on this examination were negative on next examination.

[91]. S. hemolyticus infection implanted upon a pneumococcus pneumonia. Place in Table indicates onset of pneumonia and not appearance of streptococcus complication.

[92]. Capps, J. A., and Davis, D. J.: Arch. Int. Med., 1914, xiv, 650; Illinois Med. Jour., November, 1912.

[93]. Windsor, C. E. A.: Jour. Infect. Dis., 1912, x. 73.

[94]. Hamburger, L. P.: Jour. Am. Med. Assn., April 13, 1912, lviii, 1109.

[95]. Smillie, W. S.: Jour. Infect. Dis., 1917, xx, 45.

[96]. Levy and Alexander: Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1918, lxx, 1827.

[97]. Irons and Marine: Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1918, lxx, 687.

[98]. Cole and MacCallum: Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1918, lxx, 1146.

[99]. Cummings, Spruit and Lynch: Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1918, lxx, 1066.

[100]. Sputum or saliva cultures on 50 of these men yielded 1 positive for S. hemolyticus. Sputum or saliva injected intraperitoneally into white mice and cultures made from the peritoneal exudate of such mice, yielded 2 additional positives in the same group of 50 men. These 3 positive cases showed very few colonies of hemolytic streptococci.

[101]. Per cent positive, on one culture only. Repeated throat cultures, average two per person as follows:

Cultured No. Cases Positives Once 153 11 Twice 90 7 3 times 39 3 4 times 15 1

[102]. Steinhaus: Ziegler’s Beitr. 1901, xxix, 524.

[103]. Bartels: Virchows Arch. f. path. Anat.; xxi.

[104]. Loc. cit., p. 116.

[105]. Hart: Deutsch. Arch. f. Klin. Med., 1904, lxxix, 108.

[106]. Goodpasture, E. W., and Burnett, F. L.: The Pathology of Pneumonia Accompanying Influenza, U. S. Nav. Med. Bull., 1919, xiii, No. 2, P. 21.

[107]. Pfeiffer: Ztschr. f. Hyg., 1893, xiii, 357.

[108]. Kamen, L.: Centralbl. f. Bakteriol., 1901, xxix, Erste Abt. 339.

[109]. Jacobson, G.: Arch. de méd. expér. et d’anat. path., 1901, xiii, 425.

[110]. Richie, J.: Journal Path. and Bacteriol., 1910, xiv, 615.

[111]. Wollstein, M.: Am. Jour. Dis. Child., 1911, i. 42.

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TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

1. Silently corrected typographical errors and variations in spelling.
2. Archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings retained as printed.
3. Footnotes have been re-indexed using numbers and collected together at the end of the last chapter.