The artillerist's manual and British soldier's compendium

by F. A. Griffiths

PLATES.

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		PAGE
1.	Brass Gun, with Names of principal parts	[48]
2.	Field Gun Carriage. Elevation	[102]
3.	” Plan	[103]
4.	Horse with harness	[134]
5.	Harness. Description	[134]
6.	Garrison Gun Carriage	[173]
7.	Loading, &c. Naval Service	[212]
8.	Vauban’s First system (Plan)	[240]
9.	Do. do. (Profile)	[242]
10.	Modern system of Fortification	[243]
11.	Field Fortification	[246]
12.	{ Mechanics	[294]
	{ Heights, and Distances
13.	Surveying, and Reconnoitring	[307]
14.	{ Heights, and Distances	[310]
	{ Practical Geometry
15.	Practical Geometry	[324]
16.	Do.	[325]
17.	Do.	[327]

INDEX TO THE SUBJECTS,
ETC.

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PART I.

INFANTRY EXERCISE, MOVEMENTS, &c.
Sword Exercise.
PITCHING, AND STRIKING, TENTS.
	PAGE
Musket, Flint lock	[1]
Percussion Small arms, length, weight, bore, charge, &c.	[1]
Blank cartridges	[3]
Manufacture of cartridges	[3]
Small arm ammunition, boxes, and barrels	[5]
Instructions for browning Gun barrels	[5]
Percussion firelocks, Instructions relative thereto	[6]

Infantry Exercise, and Movements;
Extracted from
“Field Exercise, and Evolutions of the Army.”
Paces, Length of, &c.	[6]
Flint firelocks, Manual, and Platoon exercise	[7]
Inspection, and Dismissal of a Company	[8]
Percussion firelocks, Manual, and Platoon exercise	[8]
Fusil exercise	[9]
The Manual, and Platoon exercise of Riflemen	[10]
Instructions for aiming with the Rifle musket	[10]
Words of command, for Funeral parties	[11]

COMPANY DRILL.
Sect.		PAGE
1.	Formation of the Company	[11]
2.	Marching to the front	[12]
3.	The Side, or closing step	[12]
4.	The Back step	[12]
5.	To form four deep	[12]
6.	File marching	[12]
7.	Wheeling from a halt	[12]
8.	Wheeling forward by sub-divisions	[12]
9.	Wheeling backward by sub-divisions	[13]
10.	Marching on an alignement	[13]
11.	Wheeling into line	[13]
12.	Entering into a new direction	[13]
13.	Counter-marching	[13]
14.	Wheeling on the centre	[13]
15.	Diagonal march	[13]
16.	Increasing front of open Column halted	[13]
17.	Increasing front of open Column on the march	[13]
18.	To pass a Defile, by breaking off files	[14]
19.	To move to a flank, in Sections	[14]
20.	Forming Company, &c., from file marching	[14]
21.	To form to either Flank, from open Column	[15]
22.	To gain ground to a flank, by marching in echellon	[15]
23.	To form the rallying square	[15]
Dismissing a Company off Parade		[15]
Inspecting a Company on Parade		[15]

MOVEMENTS OF A BATTALION.
1.	Commands	[16]
2.	Degrees of march	[16]
3.	Marching in line	[16]
4.	Wheeling	[16]
5.	Movements	[16]
6.	The Alignement	[17]
7.	Points of formation	[17]
8.	Dressing	[17]
9.	Open column	[17]
10.	Quarter distance, and close column	[17]
11.	Echellon	[18]
12.	Squares	[19]
13.	Firings	[19]
	Street firing	[20]
Formation of the Battalion		[20]
Evolutions of the Battalion		[21]
Movements of the Battalion from Line		[21]
14.	The Battalion, halted, is to advance in Line	[21]
15.	When a Battalion, advancing in line, is to charge	[22]
16.	When the Battalion moving in Line passes a wood, &c., by the flank march of Companies	[22]
17.	When the Battalion advances, or retires by half battalion, and fires	[22]
18.	A Battalion in line, to move to attack, &c., to the front, &c.	[23]
19.	A Battalion in line to retire over a bridge, &c., or retreat from the flank in the rear of the centre	[24]
20.	A Battalion in line to march off in Column of Divisions, successively to a flank	[24]
21.	When the Battalion, halted in line, is to form square	[25]
22.	When the Battalion forms a square, &c., to protect baggage against Infantry	[27]
23.	A Battalion halted, in line, to change front to the rear upon the centre	[27]

	CHANGES OF POSITION OF THE BATTALION FROM LINE, BY MOVEMENTS OF THE OPEN COLUMN.
On a fixed point.
24.	The Battalion to change position to the front on the right halted Company, by throwing forward the whole left	[28]
On a distant point.
25.	The Battalion in line changes position by breaking into open column, marching up in column to the point where its head is to remain, and entering the line by the flank march of Companies	[28]
26.	The Battalion in line changes position by breaking into open column, marching to a point where its head is to rest, and to which its rear divisions form by passing each other, and wheeling up	[29]

OPEN COLUMN MOVEMENTS.
27.	When the leading flank of the column is changed by the successive march of divisions from the rear to the front	[29]
28.	To change the wings of a column formed where the space does not admit of the flank movement	[29]
29.	When the column is required to form a square	[29]

QUARTER DISTANCE, AND CLOSE COLUMN.
30.	When a Battalion forms a close, or quarter distance column from line	[30]
31.	When the column marches to a flank	[31]
32.	When the column at quarter distance, moving, takes ground to right, or left, by the echellon march of sections	[31]
33.	When a column, halted, is to wheel	[31]
34.	When a column is to change its front by the wheel, and countermarch of sub-divisions round the centre	[32]
35.	When a column is to open out to full, or half distance	[32]

DEPLOYMENTS.
36.	When the Battalion, in column of Companies, deploys into line	[33]

ECHELLON FORMATIONS, AND MOVEMENTS.
37.	When a Battalion, from line, wheels forward by Companies into echellon	[34]
38.	When the Battalion, having wheeled from line into echellon, has marched, and halted, and is to form back parallel to the line it quitted	[34]
39.	When the Battalion, having wheeled from line into echellon, has marched, and halted, and is to form up oblique to the line it quitted	[34]
40.	When the Battalion formed in line, changes front, on a fixed flank Company by throwing forward the rest of the Battalion	[35]
41.	When the Battalion changes front on a fixed flank Company by throwing back the rest of the Battalion	[35]
42.	When the Battalion changes front on a central Company, by advancing one wing, and retiring the other	[35]
43.	When, from Open column, the Companies wheel backward into echellon, to form line on the front Company	[36]
44.	When from line the Companies of a battalion march off in echellon to the front, and again form line	[37]
45.	When a Battalion in echellon of Companies is required to form square	[37]
46.	When a Battalion marching in line is to take ground to a flank by the echellon movement	[37]
Light infantry. Signals, and sounds		[38]
Infantry sword exercise		[38]
Extension motions, and positions		[38]
Preparatory instruction with the sword		[39]
Review, or inspection exercise		[40]
Attack, and defence		[40]
Stick drill		[40]
Instructions for pitching, and striking tents		[41]

PART II.

CARBINE EXERCISE; SWORD EXERCISE, CAVALRY.
Royal Artillery. Carbine Exercise	[43]
Inspection, and dismissal of a Company	[43]
To fire a Feu-de-joie	[44]
Funeral exercise	[44]
Sword. Royal Artillery	[44]
Cavalry, sword exercise	[45]
Formation for Sword exercise, on foot	[46]
Formation for Sword exercise, mounted	[46]
Officers’ salute	[46]

PART III.

ORDNANCE, CARRIAGES, etc.
Names of parts. The Dispart. Point blank range	[48]
The Tangent scale. The sights. The Line of metal	[49]
The Centre of metal. Windage	[49]
The Vent. Bouching. Tertiating. Quadrating. Honey comb. Length. Calibre. Gun metal	[50]
Brass, and Iron guns	[50]
Service charges of powder. Point blank range of guns	[51]
Description of Howitzers, and Carronades	[51]
Description of Mortars, charges, ranges, &c.	[52]
Value of Brass, and Iron Ordnance	[52]
Proof of iron Guns, brass Guns	[53]
” Mortars, Howitzers, Carronades	[54]
Water proof of Ordnance	[54]
Marks on condemned Ordnance, and Shells	[54]
Instructions for the care, and preservation of iron Ordnance	[55]
Ingredients for coating, and lacquering iron Ordnance	[56]
Instructions for lacquering Shot, and Shells	[56]
To render Ordnance unserviceable, by Spiking, &c.	[57]
Unspiking Ordnance	[58]
Length, Weight, Calibre, and Charge of Ordnance generally used in the service	[59, 60]

CARRIAGES.
Garrison, Ship, Field gun carriages. Sleighs, equipment, &c.	[61]
Depression carriages	[62]
Weight of Field carriages, Limbers, &c.	[63 to 67]
Weight, and diameter of Wheels	[67]
Weight of Carriages for iron Guns, Howitzers, Carronades	[68]
Weight of Traversing platforms	[68]
Weight, and dimensions of Trucks	[69]
Weight, and dimensions of Mortar beds	[69]

PART IV.

RANGES, CHARGES, ELEVATIONS, &c.
BRASS ORDNANCE.
Medium 12 Pr.	Light 12 Pr.		}
9 Pr.	Long 6 Pr.	Light 6 Pr.	}
Heavy 3 Pr.			}	[70]
24 Pr. Howitzer.	12 Pr. Howitzer		}
5½-inch heavy Howitzer			}
8-inch Howitzer	32 Pr. Howitzer			[71]
Shrapnell shells				[72]
Ricochet practice with brass Ordnance				[73]

CHARGES FOR THE ROYAL NAVY.
For boats	[73]
High, medium, low	[74]

RANGE, ELEVATION, &c.
IRON ORDNANCE.
Guns	42, 32, 24, 18, 12, 9, 6 Prs.	}	[75]
Carronades	68, 42, 32, 24, 18, 12 Prs.	}
Shrapnell shells	68 Pr. Carronade, 8-inch Howitzer, 24 Pr. Gun, 18 Pr. Gun		[76]
Guns	12, 10, 8-inch	}	[77]
Carronade gun	32 Pr. Howitzers. 8 and 10-inch	}
Guns	56, 68 Pr.		[78]
Gun	8-inch		[79]
Ricochet, firing			[79]
” practice			[80]

MORTARS.
Practical rules for charge, range, &c.	[80]
Practice, 13, 10, 8, 5½, 4⅖-inch mortars	[81]
Greatest charges, and ranges	[82]

PART V.

STORES, IMPLEMENTS, COMBUSTIBLES, &c.
Balls, light, smoke. Carcasses	[83]
Cartridges for guns, howitzers, carronades	[85]
Fuzes, old pattern, Boxer’s, metal	[86]
Grease. Grenades, hand	[87]
Gun cotton	[88]
Gunpowder, manufacture, proof, marks	[89]
” Magazines. Barrels. Boxes	[90]
Handbarrows. Handspikes. Levers. Lights, blue	[91]
Lights, long, signal. Match, quick, slow	[92]
Parachute light ball, Boxer’s. Pendulums	[93]
Portfires, common, percussion, miners’, slow, coast guard	[94]
Quoins. Rockets, signal	[95]
Shells, common, naval, Shrapnell diaphragm	[96]
Shot, case, or canister, grape	[96]
Stool beds. Tubes, common, detonating, friction	[98]
Wadmiltilt. Wooden bottoms	[99]

PART VI.

FIELD BATTERY EXERCISE. DETAIL FOR ACTIVE SERVICE OF 9 Pr. TROOP OF HORSE ARTILLERY, 9 Pr. FIELD BATTERY, 18 Pr. FIELD BATTERY, 32 Pr. HOWITZER FIELD BATTERY, GUN AND SMALL ARM AMMUNITION RESERVE. INTERIOR MANAGEMENT OF A BATTERY. EMBARKING, AND DISEMBARKING. APPLICATION OF FIELD ARTILLERY. ENCAMPING, AND PICKETING. TENTS. HORSES. FORAGE. VETERINARY DIRECTIONS. CONGREVE ROCKET EXERCISE.
Telling off the Detachment. Posts of the Detachment	[100]
Change of position. Detail of duties. Changing round	[101]
Exercise with reduced numbers. Distances required	[102]
Names of parts of a Field gun carriage	[102]
Limbering up. Unlimbering. Moving with the Prolonge	[103]
Exercise with Drag-ropes	[103]
Formation of a Battery. Posts, and duties of Officers, &c.	[104]

MANŒUVRES OF A BATTERY OF SIX PIECES OF ORDNANCE.
1.	To advance. 2. To retire. 3. To come into action. 4. To diminish, or increase intervals on the march	[106]
5.	To take ground to a flank. 6. To make a half turn on the march. 7. To form column of divisions in rear of a flank. 8. To form column of divisions in front of a flank	[107]
9.	To form column of divisions on the centre division	[107]
10.	To change front to the rear	[107]
11.	To change front to a flank	[108]
12.	To advance from a flank, in column	[109]
13.	To advance from the centre in double column of sub-divisions.
14.	To move from a flank along the front in a column of divisions.
15.	To advance from a flank in echellon of sub-divisions.
16.	To advance from a flank in echellon of divisions	[110]
17.	To retire from a flank in column. 18. To retire from the centre, in a double column of sub-divisions. 19. To retire from a flank by alternate half batteries in action	[111]
20.	To break into column to a flank	[111]
21.	To increase, and diminish the front	[112]
22.	To bring the rear to the front, in succession on the march.
23.	To form line on the leading division	[113]
24.	To form line on the rear division. 25. To form line on the centre division	[114]
26.	To form line to the rear on the leading division	[114]
27.	To form line to the rear of the rear division. 28. To form line to the rear, on the centre division. 29. To form line to the reverse flank on the leading division	[115]
30.	To wheel into line	[115]
31.	To deploy on the rear division. 32. To deploy on the centre division. 33. To countermarch	[116]
34.	From double column of sub-divisions, to form line to the front. 35. From double column of sub-divisions to form line to a flank	[117]
Inspection, and Review		[117]

EQUIPMENT OF A BATTERY.
Packing the entrenching tools, camp equipage, &c.	[119]
18 Pr. Gun	[120]
12 Pr. medium, Gun	[121, 122]
9 Pr. Gun	[123, 124]
Light 6 Pr. Gun	[125, 126]
8-inch Howitzer	[127]
32 Pr. Howitzer	[128, 129]
24 Pr. Howitzer	[130, 131]
12 Pr. Howitzer	[132, 133]
Weight of Riders, Harness, Ordnance, Carriages, &c., of a Field battery equipped	[134]
9 Pr. Troop of Horse Artillery. Detail for active service	[135]
Reserve of Gun, and Small arm ammunition. Horse Artillery	[136]
9 Pr. Field battery. Detail for active service	[137 to 140]
18 Pr. Field battery. Detail for active service	[141]
32 Pr. Howitzer Field battery. Detail for active service	[142]
Reserve of Gun, and Small arm ammunition. Detail	[143]
Gun ammunition reserve. Detail for Reserve Artillery	[144]
Small arm ammunition, reserve. Detail for Reserve Artillery	[145]
On the interior management of a battery	[146]
Embarking, and disembarking	[149]
Embarking guns, and carriages	[149]
Embarking the horses	[150]

APPLICATION OF FIELD ARTILLERY.
General remarks. Ammunition waggons	[151]
On the march. Advanced guard	[152]
Crossing fords. Passage of bridges	[153]
Crossing a bridge, passing a defile, &c.	[154]
Artillery, acting with other troops	[155]

ENCAMPING, AND PICKETING.
First method	[155]
Second method. To strike the encampment	[157]
Weight, dimensions, &c. of tents	[158]
Horses. Power in draught, &c.	[158]
Management of draught horses. Horse-shoes	[160]
Forage. Method of carrying, &c.	[161]

VETERINARY DIRECTIONS.
Cathartic mass	[162]
Febrifuge mass	[163]
Sedative mass	[164]
Diuretic mass	[164]
Alterative mass	[164]
Tonic mass	[165]
Anti-spasmodic draught	[165]
Vermifuge powder	[166]
Anti-purgation powder	[166]
Discutient powder	[166]
Astringent powder	[167]
Ophthalmic powder	[167]
Blistering liquid	[168]
Turpentine liniment	[168]
Turpentine ointment	[168]
Black oil	[168]
Hoof ointment	[169]

CONGREVE ROCKETS.
On firing rockets	[169]
Exercise of rockets	[171]

PART VII.

REPOSITORY COURSE.—SERVING, AND WORKING HEAVY ORDNANCE.[2]
Part 1.—Art. 1. Telling off the detachments	[173]
Art. 3. To shift a gun from the firing to the travelling holes, or vice versâ	[176]
Art. 4. Exercise of guns on siege carriages	[176]
Art. 5. Exercise of guns on dwarf, and casemate traversing platforms	[177]
Art. 6. ” ” on common traversing platforms	[177]
Art. 7. Disposition, and duties, Firing hot shot	[177]
Art. 8. Exercise of carronades	[179]
Art. 9. ” of guns, and carronades, on ship carriages	[179]
Art. 10. ” of ” on depressing carriages	[180]
Art. 11. ” of 10 and 8 inch howitzers	[180]
Art. 12. ” of mortars	[180]
Art. 13. Firing by night	[182]
Art. 14. Firing at moving objects	[183]
Part 2.—Art. 1. Lever, and handspike	[183]
Art. 2. Fulcrums, and props	[184]
Art. 3. Lifting jack	[185]
Art. 4. Rollers	[185]
Art. 5. Crab capstan	[186]
Art. 12. Sling cart	[187]
Art. 13. Sling waggon	[189]
Art. 15. Triangle gyns	[190]
Art. 16. Gibraltar gyn	[193]

PART VIII.

GUNNERY.
Practical rules	[195]
Results from experiments on the velocities of Shot, &c.	[196]
Theory, and practice of Gunnery	[198]
Double shotting. The effects of Wads	[198]
Penetration of Shot	[199]
Eccentric spherical Shot	[201]
Resistance of Iron plates, Oak plank, &c., against musketry, canister, grape-shot, hollow, and solid shot	[203]
Naval Gunnery	[205]
To estimate the distance between Vessels	[206]
Table A.—Heights of the different parts of Ships of war	[207]
Table B.—Angles subtended by the masts of Ships of war	[208]
Table C.—Tangent practice with 8-inch Gun: 32-Pr. Gun	[209]
Table D. ” with long 24-Pr., and long 18-Pr. Guns	[210]
Table E. ” with short 24-Pr., and short 18-Pr. Guns	[211]
Instructions for the exercise, and service of great guns, and shells on board Her Majesty’s ships	[212]
Arrangement for fighting both sides	[214]
Exercise for the 10-inch, or other revolving gun	[216]
Mortar exercise	[217]
Instructions for landing seamen, and marines with field pieces	[218]
Proportion of charges, spare powder, &c., for a 51-gun screw steam frigate, and 50-gun frigate	[220]
On naval bombardments	[221]

PART IX.

BATTERIES.—PERMANENT, AND FIELD FORTIFICATION.
Description of Batteries, Embrazures, &c.	[223]
Dimensions of parapet requisite to be proof	[224]
Dimensions of an elevated Gun battery	[224]
Directions for tracing a battery	[224]
Shelter from an enemy’s fire	[225]
Epaulments. Elevated sand-bag batteries	[226]
Half-sunken batteries. Sunken gun batteries	[227]
Ricochet batteries	[227]
Fascines	[228]
Gabions	[229]
Sod, or turf. Platforms	[230]
Alderson’s platform	[231]
Dimensions, and weight of platforms for guns, &c.	[232]
Carrying, and laying down, Gun, Howitzer, Mortar, and Madras platforms	[233]
Breach. To burst open gates of fortresses, &c.	[233]
Fortification, description of	[234]
Command. Rampart. Interior slope. Terreplein. Parapet. Banquette. Revetment. Berm	[234]
Tablette. Cordon. Escarp	[235]
Counterscarp. Faces. Flank. Bastions. Curtain. Front of fortification. Ditch. Covered way. Glacis. Places of arms. Sally-ports. Traverses	[235]
Citadel	[236]
Esplanade. Body of the place. Outworks. Tenaille. Ravelin Horn work. Crown-work. Lunettes. Tenaillons. Flèche. Caponiere. Cunette. Batardeau. Ramp. Cavalier	[236]
Parallels. Zig-zags, or roads of communication. Redan. Redoubt. Star Fort. Têtes de pont. Lines. Epaulment. Loop holes. Palisades. Fraises. Chevaux de frise. Abattis. Hurdles. Trous de loup	[237]
Permanent Fortification	[238]
Remarks, and general rules	[238]
Vauban’s first system.—Construction	[240]
Profile, or section of Vauban’s first system	[242]
Modern system, names of parts	[243]
Field Fortification	[244]
Remarks, and general rules	[244]
Capacity of field works	[245]
To find the quantity of earth for parapets, and banquettes	[245]
To find, rapidly, ditto, ditto	[245]
To compute the content of the ditch	[245]
To find the breadth of the ditch	[245]
Construction of field works	[246]
The redan. The lunette. The square redoubt. The pentagonal redoubt. The hexagonal redoubt. The circular redoubt. The star fort. The field fort with bastions, and half bastions	[246]
The bridge head, or tête du pont	[247]
Lines. Bridges. Passages. Traverses	[247]
Table—Dimensions of parapets, ditches, &c., of field works	[248]
Simple methods of tracing field works on the ground. Square redoubt. Pentagonal redoubt. Hexagonal redoubt. Octagonal redoubt. Front of fortification	[249]

PART X.

BRIDGES, AND PONTOONS.—SCALING LADDERS.
Bridges.—To find number of planks to form a float	[250]
To find number of casks to form a raft	[250]
To find the number of Boats, or Pontoons required to support a given weight	[250]
Pontoons.—Large pontoons	[251]
Small pontoons	[252]
Scaling Ladders	[253]

PART XI.

FIREWORKS.
Candles, Roman, Blue. Crackers	[254]
Earthquake, artificial. Fires of various colours. Wildfire. Gerbes	[255]
Iron filings. Iron sand	[256]
Leaders. Marroons. Mealing gunpowder. Paste for representing animals	[257]
Portfires for illuminations. Rain, gold, or silver. Rockets, line	[258]
Rockets, signal	[259]
Saltpetre pulverized	[260]
Serpents, or squibs. Shells. Showers of fire	[261]
Speckie. Spur fire. Suns, or wheels	[262]
Touch paper. Wheels, pin, or Catherine	[264]

PART XII.

MATHEMATICS.
Characters, Marks, or Signs	[265]
Reduction	[265]
Rule of Three, or Simple Proportion	[266]
Fractions	[267]
Reduction	[268]
Addition. Subtraction. Multiplication. Division	[269]
Rule of Three	[270]
Decimals.—Addition	[270]
Subtraction. Multiplication. Division	[271]
Reduction	[272]
Rule of Three	[273]
Duodecimals	[273]
Tables of Weights, and Measures; English, and French	[274]
Involution, or Raising of powers	[277]
Evolution, or Extracting roots	[277]
Table of Squares, Cubes, and Roots	[280]
Piling of Shot, and Shells	[281]
To find the number of balls in a complete pile	[281]
number of balls in any pile, base not exceeding 21	[282]
in an incomplete pile	[283]
Table for computing the content of piles	[284]

Cordage.—To find weight, and strength of a rope	[285]
Chains.—To find the weight of chains	[285]
To find the weight that may be lifted by a chain	[286]
Iron Rods.—To find the weight of round, and square iron rods	[286]
To find the weight that may be sustained, or lifted, by round iron rods	[286]
Timber.—To find the area of a plank	[287]
content of timber	[287]
weight of a tree	[287]
Tonnage.—Table of tonnage, and weight of carriages	[288]
To ascertain the tonnage of Sailing vessels	[289]
of Steam vessels	[289]
Mechanics.—Mechanical powers	[290]
The Lever	[291]
The Wheel, and Axle	[292]
The Pulley. Tackles	[293]
Combination of pulleys	[294]
The inclined plane	[295]
The Wedge. The Screw	[296]
Compound machines	[297]
Friction. Unguents	[298]
Transverse strength of materials	[299]
Adhesion of Nails, and Screws	[300]
Trigonometry.—Definitions	[301]
Methods of resolving Triangles	[301]
Useful theorems, and corollaries	[302]
Trigonometry without logarithms	[303]
Trigonometric ratios. Natural sines, and cosines	[304]
Application of trigonometry without logarithms	[305]
Table,—showing the reduction in feet, &c., upon 100 feet, at angles of elevation, and depression	[306]
Table, showing the rate of inclination of inclined planes, for angles of elevation	[307]

Surveying, and Reconnoitring.—Heights, and Distances	[307]
Methods of ascertaining Heights	[307]
1. By means of a pocket sextant	[307]
2. ” a portable barometer, and thermometer	[308]
3. ” the Reconnoitring protractor	[308]
4. By the shadow of the object	[310]
5. Where there is no shadow	[310]
6. By the tangent scale of a gun	[310]
7. By means of two pickets	[310]
Methods of ascertaining Distances	[311]
1. By means of the sextant	[311]
2. ” a pocket sextant	[311]
3. ” the prismatic compass	[312]
4. ” the Reconnoitring protractor	[312]
5. 6, 7, & 8. Pickets	[312–4]
9. ” the tangent scale of a gun	[314]
10. ” the peak of a cap	[314]
11. ” the report of fire-arms	[314]
To traverse Roads— By means of the Reconnoitring protractor, or other instrument	[315]
Sound.—Velocity of, &c.	[315]
To ascertain the distance, by the report of fire-arms	[316]
Gravity	[316]
Specific gravities of bodies	[317]
To find the magnitude, weight, or specific gravity of a body, or a fluid	[318]
Quantities of two ingredients in a compound	[319]
Diameter of a sphere, or globule	[319]
Table showing the weight of a cubic foot of materials	[319]
Motion, Forces, etc. Body	[319]
Density. Velocity. Momentum. Force. Gravity	[320]
Momentum. Amplitude. Time of flight. Time of descent	[321]

Practical Geometry. Definitions	[322]
To divide a line into two equal parts. To bisect an angle	[324]
To erect a perpendicular. To let fall a perpendicular	[324]
To draw a line parallel to a given line	[324]
To divide an angle	[324]
To find the centre of a circle	[325]
To describe an equilateral triangle, a square	[325]
To inscribe a square in a circle	[325]
” an octagon in a circle	[325]
On a line to describe all the polygons	[325]
To inscribe in a circle an equilateral triangle	[325]
” a hexagon, or a dodecagon	[326]
To inscribe a pentagon, hexagon, or decagon, in a circle	[326]
To find the angles at the centre, and circumference of a polygon	[326]
To inscribe a polygon in a circle	[326]
To circumscribe a circle about a triangle, or a square	[327]
” a square about a circle	[327]
To reduce a Map, or Plan	[327]
Mensuration of Planes	[327]
To find the area of a parallelogram	[327]
” of a triangle	[328]
” of a trapezium, or of a trapezoid	[329]
” of an irregular figure	[329]
” of a figure, having a part bounded by a curve	[329]
To measure long irregular figures	[330]
To find the number of square acres, &c. in preceding figures	[330]
” the area of a regular polygon	[330]
” diameter, and circumference of a circle	[331]
” the area of a circle	[331]
” the area of a circular ring	[332]
” the length of any arc	[332]
” the area of a sector	[332]
” of a segment, of a semicircle	[333]
” of an ellipsis, of a parabola, &c.	[333]

Mensuration of Solids.—Definitions	[334]
To find the superficies of a prism, or cylinder	[334]
” surface of a pyramid, or cone	[335]
” surface of the frustrum of a pyramid, or cone	[335]
” solid content of a prism, or cylinder	[335]
” content of the solid part of a hollow cylinder	[336]
” solidity of the frustrum of a cylinder	[336]
” content of a pyramid, or cone	[336]
” solidity of the frustrum of a cone, or pyramid	[336]
” surface of a sphere, or any segment	[337]
” solidity of a sphere, or globe	[337]
” ” hemisphere	[337]
” solid content of a spherical segment	[337]
” diameter of a sphere	[338]
” weight of an iron shot	[338]
” weight of a leaden ball	[338]
” diameter of an iron shot	[338]
” diameter of a leaden ball	[339]
” weight of an iron shell	[339]
” quantity of powder a shell will contain	[339]
” size of a cubical box to contain powder	[340]
” quantity of powder to fill the chamber of a mortar, or howitzer	[340]
” quantity of powder to fill a rectangular box	[340]
” quantity of powder to fill a cylinder	[340]
” size of a shell to contain a given weight of powder	[341]
” length of a cylinder, or bore of a gun to be filled by a given weight of powder	[341]
To find the content, and weight of a piece of ordnance	[341]
” content of a cask	[341]
Epitome of Mensuration	[342]
Of the Circle; Cylinder; Sphere, &c.	[342]
Of the Square; Rectangle; Cube, &c.	[343]
Table of the Surfaces, and Solidities of bodies	[344]
Of Triangles; Polygons, &c.	[344]
Table of the Areas of regular Polygons	[345]
Of Ellipses; Cones; Frustrums, &c.	[345]

PUBLICATIONS,
REFERRED TO, OR EXTRACTED FROM.

The Infantry Manual.
Field Exercise, and Evolutions of the Army.
Instruction of Musketry.
Bombardier, and Pocket Gunner	{ Captain Adye.
	{ Major Elliott.
British Gunner	Captain Spearman.
Artillery	Mr. J. Landmann.
	{ Lieut.-General Sir H. Douglas, Bart.
Naval Gunnery	{ Captain Stephens.
	{ Lieut. Beauchant.
Instructions for the Exercise, and Service of Great guns, and Shells, on board Her Majesty’s ships.
Field battery Exercise, and Movements.
The Horse, with a treatise on draught.
Directions for the guidance of the Farriers of the Royal Artillery	} Mr. C. Percivall.
Instructions, and Regulations for the Service, and Management of Heavy Ordnance, &c.
Fortification	{ Lieut.-General Pasley.
	{ Mr. J. Landmann.
	{ Mr. Lochée.
Field fortification	{ Captain Malorti.
	{ Captain Macaulay.
Military Surveying	Lt.-Col. Basil Jackson.
Treatises on Attack, and Defence	Lt.-Colonel Jebb.
Artificial fireworks	Mr. G. Mortimer.
	{ Dr. Hutton.
Mathematics	{ Dr. O. Gregory.
	{ Mr. Trotter.
Practical Geometry	Mr. J. Landmann.
Natural Philosophy	Dr. Fergusson.
The practical Mechanic’s guide.
The practical Engineer’s guide.
The Engineer’s, and Contractor’s pocket-book
Tables	Mr. Beardmore.
&c. &c. &c.

THE

ARTILLERIST’S MANUAL,

AND

BRITISH SOLDIER’S COMPENDIUM.

---

PART I.
INFANTRY EXERCISE, MOVEMENTS, &c.

---

MUSKET—FLINT LOCK.

	lb.	lb.
Weight of Musket	10 }	11
Do. of Bayonet	1 }
Charge, Ball cartridge 6 drams.
Blank cartridge 5 drams.

PERCUSSION SMALL ARMS.

1. Percussion Musket, Smooth-bore: 1842 Pattern.
Barrel	{Length	3 ft. 3 in.
	{Diameter of bore	·753 inch.
Musket	{Length	4 ft. 7 in.
	{Weight	10 lb. 2 oz.
Bayonet	{Length beyond muzzle	1 ft. 5½ in.
	{Weight	1 lb. 1 oz.
Arm complete	{Length	6 ft. ½ in.
with bayonet	{Weight	11 lb. 3 oz.
Bullet (Spherical) ·689 inch diameter, weight 490 grains.
Charge, 4½ drams F. G.
Sixty rounds with 75 Caps = 6 lb. 10 oz.
2. Artillery Carbine: 1853 Pattern.
Barrel	{Length	2 feet.
	{Diameter of bore	·577 in.
Carbine	{Length	3 ft. 4½ in.
	{Weight	6 lb. 7½ oz.
Sword Bayonet	{Length	1 ft. 10¾ in.
beyond muzzle	{Weight	1 lb. 12 oz.
Arm Complete	{Length	5 ft. 3 in.
with bayonet	{Weight	8 lb. 3½ oz.
The Rifling is 3 grooves and one turn, 6 ft. 6 in.[2]
Bullet	{Weight	530 gr.
	{Diameter	·568 in.
Charge of Powder, 2 drams F. G.
Weight of 20 Rounds, with 25 Caps = 1 lb. 11 oz. 2 drams.
3. Regulation Rifle—Musket: 1851 Pattern.
Barrel	{Length	3 ft. 3 in.
	{Bore	·702 in.
Rifling, 4 Grooves, one turn in 6 ft. 6 in.
Musket	{Length	4 ft. 7 in.
	{Weight	9 lb. 9¼ oz.
Bayonet	{Length beyond muzzle	1 ft. 5½ in.
	{Weight	15½ oz.
Arm complete	{Length	6 ft. 0½ in.
with bayonet	{Weight	10 lb. 8¾ oz.
Bullet (Minie)	{Weight	696 gr.
	{Diameter	·691 in.
Sixty rounds and 75 Caps = 7 lb. 0 oz. 8 drs.
Charge, 2½ drs. F. G.
4. Enfield Rifle—Musket: 1853 Pattern.
Barrel	{Length	3 ft. 3 in.
	{Bore	·577 in.
Three grooves, one turn in 6 ft. 6 in.
Musket	{Length	4 ft. 7 in.
	{Weight	8 lb. 8 oz.
Bayonet	{Length beyond muzzle	1 ft. 5½ in.
	{Weight	11 oz.
Complete with	{Length	6 ft. 0½ in.
Bayonet	{Weight	9 lb. 3 oz.
Bullet	{Weight	530 gr.
	{Diameter	·567 in.
Charge, 2½ drams F. G.
Sixty rounds and 75 Caps = 5 lb. 8 oz. 4 drams.
5. Victoria Carbine: (For Cavalry.)
Barrel	{Length	2 ft. 2 in.
	{Bore	·733 in.
Bullet (Spherical)	{Weight	490 gr.
	{Diameter	·689 in.
Charge, 2½ drams F. G.
Arm complete	{Length	3 ft. 6 in.
	{Weight	7 lb. 9 oz.
6. Naval Rifle.
1842 Pattern. Percussion musket, Rifled with 3 or 4 grooves.
Bullet (Minie),	{Weight	848 gr.
with iron cup	{Diameter	·746 in.
Charge, 3 drams F. G.
7. Pistol: Army pattern.
Barrel	{Length	9 inches
	{Weight	1 lb. 6 oz.
	{Diameter of bore	·733 in.
Arm complete	{Weight	3 lb. 4 oz.
	{Length	1 ft. 3½ in.
Charge of Powder for Ball cartridges, 2½ drams.
Ball, Lead, the same as for the Line-pattern Musket.

BLANK CARTRIDGES.

The charge of powder for Blank cartridges, for all the above-mentioned Small arms, is the same; viz., 3½ drams.

The cartridges are made with blue paper.

MANUFACTURE OF CARTRIDGES.

The following articles are required for the manufacture of Cartridges:

Five tin measures, containing two and a half drams.

Five tin funnels. A large knife.

An iron straight edge for cutting the paper.

Five cylindrical mandrels of hard wood, to roll the cartridge.

A former, to make the hollow in the inner case, to receive the point of the bullet.

A set of tin patterns for shaping the paper.

Cartridge paper and fine white paper.

Bullets and gunpowder.

To construct the Cartridge.—Cut the paper according to the patterns, place the rectangle ([fig. 9]) on the little trapezium ([fig. 10]), the sides A B C of the rectangle coinciding with the sides A B C of the trapezium, lay the mandrel on the rectangle, parallel to the side B C, the base of the mandrel even with the side C D of the rectangle; roll the whole tightly on the mandrel; place it vertically, and fold the remainder of the trapezium paper into the hollow in the base of the mandrel; commencing with the acute angle of the trapezium, make use of the point of the former to close the folds; examine the bottom of the inner case thus formed, to see that there remains no hole for the escape of the powder when charged; introduce the point of the bullet into the aperture at the base of the mandrel; take the trapezium envelope ([fig. 11]), place the mandrel and bullet parallel to the side F G, the base of the bullet at half an inch from the base F H, of the envelope; press up the point of the bullet into the cavity; roll the envelope tightly on the bullet and on the mandrel; fold the remainder of the envelope on the base of the bullet, commencing with the acute angle; place the base of the cartridge on the table; withdraw the mandrel, squeezing the case of the cartridge with the left hand, and raising up the mandrel with the right hand.

To charge the cartridge, introduce the point of the copper funnel into the bottom of the case of the cartridge; pour in 2½ drams of fine grain powder from the powder-flask; withdraw the funnel, taking care that none of the powder escapes between the case and the envelope; squeeze the top of the cartridge, and twist it round.

Fig. 9. Fig. 10.

1½ inch. 4 inches. Rectangle.

2⅛ inches. 4 inches. 5 inches. Little Trapezium.

Fig. 11.

5½ inches. 4½ inches. 3¼ inches. Trapezium Envelope.

When completed, the base of the cartridge must be dipped up to the shoulder of the bullet in a pot of grease, consisting of six parts tallow to one of bees-wax.

SMALL ARM AMMUNITION.

Dimensions of Boxes.

Length, 1 ft. 4 in. Depth, 8⅝ in. Breadth, 7¼ in.
including the cleat.

Weight of Boxes.

Empty, 7 lb. 6 oz.

Contents and Weight of Barrels and Boxes.

	Barrel.				Box.
	No. of Cart-ridges.	No. of Caps.	Weight filled.		No. of Cart-ridges.	No. of Caps.	Weight filled.
			lb. oz.				lb. oz.
Rifle Musket, Pattern 1842	500	625	79	0	..	..	..
Rifle Musket, ” 1851	700	875	66	4	500	625	65	4
Rifle Musket, ” 1853	700	875	73	8	560	700	60	6
Artillery Carbine	800	1000	81	8	660	825	63	0
Victoria Carbine	700	875	69	0	600	750	60	8

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INSTRUCTIONS FOR BROWNING GUN BARRELS.

The following ingredients, viz.:—

1½ oz. of Spirits of wine,
1½ oz. Tincture of steel,
½ oz. of Corrosive sublimate,
1½ oz. of Sweet spirit of Nitre,
1 oz. of Blue vitriol,
¾ oz. of Nitric acid.

are to be mixed and dissolved in one quart of soft water.

Previous to commencing the operation of browning, it is necessary that the barrel should be made quite bright with emery or a fine smooth file (but not burnished), after which it must be carefully cleaned from all greasiness; a small quantity of pounded lime rubbed well over every part of the barrel is best for this purpose: a plug of wood is then to be put into the nose of the barrel, and the mixture applied to every part with a clean sponge or rag. The barrel is then to be exposed to the air for twenty-four hours; after which it is to be well rubbed over with a Steel scratch-card or Scratch-brush, until the rust is entirely removed; the mixture may then be applied again, as before, and in a few hours the barrel will be sufficiently corroded for the operation of scratch-brushing to be repeated. The same process of scratching off the rust and applying the mixture is to be repeated twice or three times a day for four or five days, by which the barrel will be made of a very dark-brown colour.

When the barrel is sufficiently brown, and the rust has been carefully removed from every part, about a quart of boiling water should be poured over every part of the barrel, in order that the action of the acid mixture upon the barrel may be destroyed, and the rust thereby prevented from rising again. The barrel, when cold, should afterwards be rubbed over with linseed oil, or common oil. It is particularly directed that the use of the hard hair-brush be discontinued in browning, and the steel scratch-card or scratch-brush used in place of it, otherwise the browning will not be durable, nor have a good appearance. The browning mixture must be kept in glass bottles, as it will soon lose its virtue if kept in earthenware.

The locks are on no account to be made of the hardening colour, as the repetition of the operation of hardening has a very injurious tendency.

PERCUSSION FIRELOCKS.

Muskets with Percussion locks require to be carefully handled, to prevent the cocks being made loose, by which their direct fall on the nipples would be rendered uncertain.

They will, at all times, when unloaded, be used with the cocks down upon the nipples; but, when they are loaded, the caps, or primers, will be put on, and the muskets carried at half-cock for safety, there being then less risk of accidental explosion than with the cocks resting on the caps.

When marching with the cap on, the cock will be brought up under the arm-pit, the sling resting on the arm; but at other times the firelock may be carried with the barrel downwards, the right hand grasping the piece between the loop and swell; and the left the right arm just below the elbow.