EXERCISES
(Translate into English)
- (1) °Ngoo tau° tien° °li chi° khoen°-kyien° too-hau° meh-z°, dan°-°z °ma-’veh-°chi kuh.
- (2) °Taung sing °tseu °hau.
- (3) °Taung sing di°-kuh° yang-dien, faung° °hau la° siang-°ts °li.
- (4) Zung-kwaung an° tse, zieu° chi° kwhung°.
- (5) Kyung-tsau °ngoo ’m-sa° °hau, lok-’veh-°chi.
- (6) °Ngoo °soo kau°-soo° noong° kuh ih tsaung z°-°thi ’veh iau° te° bih nyung wo°.
- (7) Yoong°-nyung wan ’veh zung le °z peh °ngoo hyi-ji.
- (8) °Taung-sing° di°-°po tau °z ’man kwha° kuh.
- (9) Yi te° °ngoo wo° kuh z°-°thi °z °hau-siau° kuh.
- (10) °Ngoo loo° °laung bang yi ’veh dzak, ’veh °hyau-tuh tau° °‘a-°li chi° tse.
- (11) Di°-°po dzo-‘oo tan tau° sien-sang han-deu chi°.
- (12) I-kuh nyung tsi° °seu °sia z°, da°-ke nyung yeu° °seu °sia kuh.
- (13) Nyih-°li °soo tsak kuh i-zaung, ya°-°li kwhung° kuh z-eu° iau° thoeh-theh kuh.
- (14) Nga-kok sien-sang tsing° mung-kheu thoeh-theh mau°-°ts, tsoong-kok nyung ’veh thoeh-theh kuh.
- (15) I-tsak mau ’man °hau khoen°, dan°-°z °i tsak °keu °z pho°-le-°si.
- (16) Too-hau° nyung hwen-°hyi chuh dien kuh meh-z°, ’m-nyung hwen-°hyi chuh °khoo kuh.
- (17) Dzung °li °yeu °kyi-hau° nyung? Khoong-pho° °yeu zeh man°.
- (18) Di°-kuh ‘auh-sang-°ts, ’man yoong° sing dok su, la° ih pan °li °z deu ih.
- (19) Ih kuh nyung tan le ih pak ling san kuh doong-dien.
- (一) 我到店裡去看見多化物事但是買勿起個.
- (二) 當心走好.
- (三) 當心第個洋錢放好拉箱子裏.
- (四) 辰光晚哉就去睏.
- (五) 今朝我無啥好䟿勿起.
- (六) 我所告訴儂個一莊事體勿要對別人話.
- (七) 用人還勿曾來是撥我希奇.
- (八) 當心第把刀是蠻快個.
- (九) 伊對我話個事體是好笑個.
- (十) 我路上掽伊勿着勿曉得到那裏去哉.
- (十一) 第把茶壺担到先生壗頭去.
- (十二) 伊個人左手寫字大槩人右手寫個.
- (十三) 日裏所著個衣裳夜裏睏個時候要脫脫個.
- (十四) 外國先生進門口脫脫帽子中國人勿脫脫個.
- (十五) 一隻猫蠻好看但是一隻狗是怕來死.
- (十六) 多化人歡喜吃甜個物事嘸人歡喜吃苦個.
- (十七) 城裏有幾化人? 恐怕有十萬.
- (十八) 第個學生子蠻用心讀書拉一班裏是頭一.
- (十九) 一個人担來一百零三個銅錢.
(Translate into Chinese)
- (1) When I was in the carriage, I told the coachman to take care.
- (2) The clothes which that maiden wears are very pretty.
- (3) The boat is by the side of the river.
- (4) Yesterday I met a man who told me that he saw a carpenter kill a man with a sharp knife.
- (5) Although I do not speak Chinese well, please do not laugh at me.
- (6) I asked a man which road to take; he told me to go to the right.
- (7) I did not meet a single person on the road.
- (8) This bird is very beautiful; can it sing?
- (9) When it is warm you do not want to wear many clothes.
- (10) This tea is bitter and not good to drink.
- (11) Yesterday I walked very far, and so could not get up to-day.
- (12) Take this letter to the teacher.
- (一) 我拉馬車裏個辰光叫馬夫當心.
- (二) 伊個小姐着個衣裳蠻趣.
- (三) 一隻船拉河邊上.
- (四) 昨日我掽着一個人告訴我話伊看見一個木匠担之快個刀殺一個人.
- (五) 我雖然中國話話來勿好請儂勿要笑我.
- (六) 我問一個人走那裏一條路伊話右手一條.
- (七) 我路上一個人也掽勿着.
- (八) 第隻窵蠻趣會唱否?
- (九) 天熱末儂勿要着多化衣裳.
- (十) 第個茶苦個勿好吃個.
- (十一) 昨日我走之多化路所以今朝䟿勿起哉.
- (十二) 第封信担到先生壗頭去.
Notes.
- (1) Han-deu is very frequently used with persons and personal pronouns. Thus you do not say Tan tau° yi for take it to him, but Tan tau° yi han-deu chi°. “Leave it with me” would be °Pa la° °ngoo han-deu.
- (2) The second sentence of the First Exercise is often used in speaking to a guest when he is departing. When he is about to go, he announces the fact by saying Chi° tse (去哉), meaning “I am going.” You say Man° chi° (慢去), meaning “Go slowly,” and then when he is walking away, °Taung sing °tseu °hau (當心走好).
- (3) In the fifth sentence of the First Exercise M-sa° °hau means “not at all well.”
- (4) In the tenth sentence of the First Exercise notice how the object yi splits up the verb into two parts.
- (5) In the sixth sentence of the Second Exercise “to the right” is expressed by yeu° °seu (右手).
LESSON XVI
Verbal Idioms
The idea of there being time to accomplish a thing is expressed by adding the words tuh-ji° (得及) after the principal verb. If there is not sufficient time to do a thing you add ’veh-ji° (勿及) after the principal verb. Thus, Tsoo°-tuh-ji° (做得及) means “there is time to do a thing.” Tsoo°-’veh-ji° (做勿及) means “there is not time.”
This expression is used most frequently with the verb le (來). Le-tuh-ji means “there is time,” and le-’veh-ji means “there is not time.”
The idea of a thing being important is expressed by the words iau°-°kyung kuh (要緊個). “Not being important,” by the words ’veh iau° °kyung (勿要緊), or ’veh nge° sa° (勿礙啥). “Is it important?” or “Does it make any difference?” would be nge° sa° va° (礙啥否).
’Veh lauh is often used after verbs giving the idea of inability to do a thing. Thus Chuh ’veh lauh (吃勿落) means “unable to eat.” °Zoo ’veh lauh (坐勿落) “Unable to sit because of lack of room.” We also have the affirmative forms °zoo tuh lauh (坐得落) and chuh tuh lauh (吃得落).