EXERCISES
(Translate into English)
- (1) La° nyien ya° kauh nyung iau° soen° tsang°.
- (2) Noong° we°-sa°-°lau iau° chi°? iung-we° yi tsha °ngoo chi° °lau.
- (3) Sing° kyi°-tsheh chi° meh? ’Veh zung, zieu° iau° kyi° chi°.
- (4) Zak-ziang° iau° yoong° °kyi kwhe° zak-deu? °Ngoo ’veh hyau°-tuh ’veh-zung soen° koo° hyih.
- (5) Yi dzang-tsaung °de °ngoo ’man °hau, °soo-°i °ngoo iau° soong° °tien meh-z° la° yi.
- (6) Su-dzu °li noong° °pa-ts °kyi °pung su? ’Veh °hyau-tuh we°-°ts ’veh zung °soo °lau.
- (7) Khak nyung tsheh chi° meh iung-ke soong° yi tau° mung-°kheu.
- (8) Di°-°kheu kwen-ze sa° nyung tsoo° kuh? Mok-ziang° tsoo° kuh.
- (9) Noong° kuh °mo °pi °ngoo kuh kwha° too-hau°.
- (10) Di°-kuh ‘auh-sang-°ts °pi-ts i-kuh tshoong-ming °tien.
- (11) Di°-kuh ih te° lah-tsok °khau-°i °pi °pi khoen°, ih ngan m-meh doo° °siau.
- (12) I-kuh °liang kuh nyung siang-mo° kuh yoen-koo° °z we°-°ts la° °tsieu tien° °li too-chuh-ts °tsieu °lau.
- (13) Yien°-°dze foo° tsang° ’veh bien°-taung°, °tung tau° °‘au kuh nyoeh.
- (14) Di°-kuh ih te° foo-tshi ’man °hau ih ngan ’veh siang-mo°.
- (15) Di°-kuh nyung tsoo° z°-°thi, ’veh jih i-kuh nyung °hau.
- (16) Pa° nyien kuh z-‘eu° °siau-noen iung-ke te° doo° nyung kheh-deu.
- (17) °Nga-kok nyung chuh van° kuh zung-kwaung hwen-°hyi chuh men-deu.
- (18) Di°-kuh nyung ih ngan ’veh °toong sa°, °z °hau-°ziang ’veh zung dok hyih su.
- (19) Sien-sang dzang-tsaung kyau° ‘auh-sang-ts° °seu kwe-°kyui.
- (20) ’Veh iau° °de man° bih nyung.
- (一) 拉年夜各人要算帳.
- (二) 儂爲啥佬要去? 因爲伊差我去佬.
- (三) 信寄出去末? 勿曾, 就要寄去.
- (四) 石匠要用幾塊石頭? 我勿曉得勿曾算過歇.
- (五) 伊常莊待我蠻好所以我要送點物事拉伊.
- (六) 書橱裏儂擺之幾本書? 我勿曉得爲之勿曾數佬.
- (七) 客人出去末應該送伊到門口.
- (八) 第口棺材啥人做個? 木匠做個.
- (九) 儂個馬比我個快多化.
- (十) 第個學生子比之伊個聰明點.
- (十一) 第個一對臘燭可以比比看一顔無末大小.
- (十二) 伊個兩個人相駡個緣故是爲之拉酒店裏多吃之酒佬.
- (十三) 現在付帳勿便當等到下個月.
- (十四) 第個一對夫妻蠻好一顔勿相駡.
- (十五) 笫個人做事體勿及伊個人好.
- (十六) 拜年個時候小囝應該對大人磕頭.
- (十七) 外國人吃飯個晨光歡喜吃饅頭.
- (十八) 第個人一顔勿懂啥好像勿曾讀歇書.
- (十九) 先生常莊叫學生子守規矩.
- (二十) 勿要待慢別人.
(Translate into Chinese)
- (1) The Chinese use rice to make wine.
- (2) This man treats his servants very well.
- (3) According to Chinese custom before a man dies his coffin is made.
- (4) If I wish you to come, I will send you a letter.
- (5) To take the child along with us will not be convenient.
- (6) He is older than you.
- (7) The stone mason uses stones, the carpenter uses wood.
- (8) I pay my bills at the end of the month.
- (9) He and I have had a quarrel because he treated me rudely.
- (10) I wish the carpenter to come and make a book case.
- (11) Because I have forgotten so many characters, it is as if I had not read this book before.
- (12) A scholar is wiser than a farmer.
- (13) If a man takes too much wine he can not do his work.
- (14) My friend came to visit me, and then I escorted him to his home.
- (15) This book I will present to you, do not return it.
- (一) 中國人用米做酒.
- (二) 第個人待伊個用人蠻好.
- (三) 照中國規矩一個人勿曾死先要做棺材.
- (四) 若然要儂來末我寄一封信來.
- (五) 帶小囝去是勿便當.
- (六) 伊比之儂年紀大點.
- (七) 石匠用石頭木匠用木頭.
- (八) 我個帳是拉月底付個.
- (九) 因爲伊待慢我所以我對伊相駡.
- (十) 我要木匠來做一口書橱.
- (十一) 因爲我忘記脫之多化字所以好像我勿曾讀歇第本書.
- (十二) 讀書人比之種田人聰明點.
- (十三) 若然一個人多吃之酒伊勿會做生活.
- (十四) 我個朋友來望望我後來我送伊到伊屋裏去.
- (十五) 第本書我送撥儂勿要還個.
Notes.
- (1) In the fifth sentence of the First Exercise notice the use of Soong° °tien. °Tien means “a few things.”
- (2) In the ninth sentence of the First Exercise kwha° too-hau° means “very much faster.”
- (3) In the sixteenth sentence of the First Exercise the expression Kheh-deu refers to the most formal salute of the Chinese. It is used by an inferior before a superior. The usual polite salutation is to clasp the hands together and move them from the feet to the forehead. This is called Tshaung° zo° (唱喏) or Tsauh-ih (作揖).
- (4) In the nineteenth sentence of the First Exercise we have the expression °Seu kwe-°kyui (守規矩). This is very frequently used. It means to act according to the laws of propriety. It is a command frequently given to children.
LESSON XXIII
The Points of the Compass
The four cardinal points of the compass in Chinese are expressed: Toong, nen, si, pok (東, 南, 西, 北) East, South, West, North. Thus it will be seen that they do not follow the same order as we. North East is Toong-pok (東北), lit. East North. North West is Si-pok (西北), lit. West North. South East is Toong-nen (東南) , and South West is Si-nen (西南).
The word pien (邊) is generally added when direction or place is indicated. Thus we have for the North Pok-pien, for the West Si-pien. Pien literally means “side,” and is a shortened form of pien-deu (邊頭).
In giving directions as to locality, the Chinese make very frequent use of the points of the compass.If you wish a person to go towards the North you say dzau pok (朝北) “towards the North.”