EXERCISES
(Translate into English)
- (1) Zauh-nyih °ngoo tan-°ts yang-tshiang tau° san laung° chi° °tang-lih, °tang-dzak-ts san tsak lok lau s° tsak thoo°-°ts °lau ih tsak soong-°su.
- (2) °Ngoo °bang-dzak-°ts ih kuh nyung la° °tang °tiau, yi °i-kyung °tang-dzak-°ts s° tsak °ya-kyi °lau ih tsak °ya-ngoo.
- (3) Teu° ba °lau zak deu-°ts thok °z ’veh °hau.
- (4) Di°-kuh phau°-de °yeu °ng tsung phau° °lau too-°hau °hoo-yak.
- (5) Zauh-ya°-deu °yeu waung-laung theu kyi, ’veh hyau°-tuh °z waung-laung nyi wan-°z ‘oo-li, kyung-ya°-deu °ting °hau °tung yi le °lau yoong° yang-tshiang °tang-sah yi.
- (6) °Ngoo la° yi han-deu °zeu-°ts too-hau° meh-z°, iau° soong°-°tien sa° la° yi.
- (7) Di°-foong sing° iau° foong-°hau dzeu° peh la° i-sung.
- (8) Seu-tsauh vaung-°ts zieu° iau° °chi-deu, iung-we° °yeu too-hau° di°-faung iau° sieu-°li, zak-zen °tse an° meh °khoong-pho° le-’veh ji°.
- (9) Too chuh °tsieu °lau too chuh ien° °z saung sung-°thi.
- (10) Di°-kuh bing° °dzoong-tuh-juh, chuh yak °‘a m-yoong°-deu.
- (11) Tsoo° nyung-ka meh, °khau-°i nyih-nyih °sang doong-dien.
- (12) Di°-kuh si-°tse hwen-°hyi °too doong-dien °lau chuh °tsieu, zeh-dze khau°-’veh-dzu° kuh.
- (13) °Ngoo thauh noong° tsoo° ih tsaung z°-thi, noong° we°-sa° ’veh zung tsoo°?
- (14) Zeh-°ke tsoo°-deu saung koong-foo, iau° tsau° °ngoo wo° meh °hau.
- (15) Di°-hyoong iung-ke da-ka siang-e°, ’veh iau° siang-mo° °lau siang-°tang.
- (16) Tsung-da°-zung °hau-la°-va? Zia°-zia°, °lau-nyang-ka °hau-la°.
- (17) Ya-nyang °i-kyung tsheh mung, pih-koo° ak-koo la° ok-°li.
- (18)°Ngoo °yeu ih kuh ah-°tsi °lau °liang-kuk me°-me°.
- (19) °Kyi-z iau° khe zen? Lauh-°s zieu° khe.
- (20) Za-laung °z ’man hyoong-kuh °ya-seu°, hwen-°hyi chuh yang.
- (21) Di°-kuh ih pe yak iau° peh la° bing° nyung chuh.
- (22) Noong° °yeu °kyi-we° °ling-laung? °Yeu °liang-kuh °siau-noen.
- (一) 昨日我担之洋槍到山上去打獵, 打着之三隻鹿佬四隻兔子佬一雙松鼠.
- (二) 我掽着之一個人拉打窵, 伊已經打着之四隻野雞佬一隻野鵝.
- (三) 鬥牌佬擲骰子禿是勿好.
- (四) 第個砲台有五尊炮佬多化火藥.
- (五) 昨夜頭有黃狼偷雞, 勿曉得是黃狼呢還是狐狸, 今夜頭頂好等伊來佬用洋槍打殺伊.
- (六) 我拉伊壗頭受之多化物事, 要送點啥拉伊.
- (七) 第封信要封好授撥拉醫生.
- (八) 收作房子就要起頭, 因爲有多化地方要修理, 若然再晚末恐怕來勿及.
- (九) 多吃酒佬多吃烟是傷身體.
- (十) 第個病重得極吃藥也無用頭.
- (十一) 做人家末可以日日省銅錢.
- (十二) 第個西崽歡喜賭銅錢佬吃酒實在靠勿住個.
- (十三) 我托儂做一樁事體爲啥勿曾做.
- (十四) 實蓋做頭傷工夫要照我話末好.
- (十五) 弟兄應該大家相愛勿要相駡佬相打.
- (十六) 尊大人好拉否? 謝謝, 老娘家好拉.
- (十七) 爺娘已經出門必過阿哥拉屋裏.
- (十八) 我有一個阿姊佬兩個妹妹.
- (十九) 幾時要開船? 落水就開.
- (二十) 豺狼是蠻凶個野獸歡喜吃羊.
- (廿一) 第個一杯藥要撥拉病人吃.
- (廿二) 儂有幾位令郞? 有兩個小囝.
(Translate into Chinese)
- (1) You should do to others as you would they should do to you.
- (2) If we do not call the carpenter and mason to repair this house, we shall not be able to live in it.
- (3) When I began I considered the study of Chinese very difficult; now I consider it easier.
- (4) The younger brother should listen to the older brother’s words.
- (5) You should love others as yourself.
- (6) On the other side of the river there are many forts.
- (7) This man wastes his money in drinking wine.
- (8) Where did you get the money to buy these clothes? I saved it from my wages.
- (9) The deer can run faster than the dog, but gets tired sooner.
- (10) The father is head of the house.
- (11) Hand this bowl of tea to the guest.
- (12) I trust to you to help me do the work.
- (13) The fox comes at night to steal chickens.
- (14) Pheasants are fine birds to look at and are very good to eat.
- (15), Geese and ducks like to remain in the water.
- (16) The older sister takes care of her little sister.
- (17) Take hold of it firmly in your hand and do not let it fall on the ground.
- (18) According to what Chinese say, to become a good man you must repair your heart.
- (一) 儂要人那能待儂儂也應該那能待別人.
- (二) 若然伲勿叫木匠佬泥水匠來修房子, 我伲勿好住拉化.
- (三) 我起頭讀個晨光我算中國書是煩難讀個, 現在算是容易點.
- (四) 弟兄應該聽阿哥個說話.
- (五) 儂應該愛別人像愛自家.
- (六) 垃拉河過邊有多化砲台.
- (七) 第個人吃酒佬傷脫伊個銅錢.
- (八) 買第個衣裳儂那裏頭來個銅錢? 我工錢上省下來個.
- (九) 鹿比之狗可以跑來快點, 但是鹿先要弛瘏.
- (十) 爺末是一家個主.
- (十一) 笫個一碗茶授撥拉客人.
- (十二) 我托儂相幫我做第樁事體.
- (十三) 狐狸是夜頭來偷雞.
- (十四) 野雞是蠻好看個窵也是蠻好吃個.
- (十五) 鵝佬鴨歡喜垃拉水裏向.
- (十六) 阿姊是當心伊個小妹.
- (十七) 揑牢拉手裏勿要放伊落拉地上.
- (十八) 照中國人話成功好個人終要修儂個心.
Notes.
- (1) In the sixth sentence of the First Exercise notice the expression Soong°-°tien-sa° 送點啥, meaning “to make a small present.”
- (2) In the eighth sentence of the First Exercise notice the expression °Tse an° (再晚). Lit. “again late;” the idea is “if we wait any longer.”
- (3) In the fourteenth sentence of the First Exercise notice the expression Tsau° °ngoo wo° meh °hau (照我話末好), Lit. “Follow my saying then good.”
- (4) In the first sentence of the Second exercise the sentence would be turned round in Chinese, and we would say, Noong° iau° nyung na°-nung °de noong°, noong° °a iung-ke na°-nung °de bih nyung (儂要人那能待儂, 儂也應該那能待別人).
LESSON XXVII
Compound Verbs
By compound verbs we mean those made up of more than one verb. As we have already seen, Chinese words having a distinct meaning when used by themselves also form part of larger compound words. This is true especially of verbs. A good example is the verb °Tang (打) to strike. It enters into combination with many other words to form compound verbs.
Thus:
- To fight a battle, °tang-tsang° 打仗.
- To attack an enemy, koong-°tang 攻打.
- To gain a victory, °tang-yung 打臝, or °tang-sung°-tsang° 打勝仗.
- To suffer a defeat, °tang-su 打輸, tang°-ba° 打敗, or °tang-ba°-tsang° 打敗仗.
- To wound, °tang-saung 打傷.
- To make inquiries, °tang-thing 打聽.
- To fool with one another, °tang-bang° 打棚.
- To injure by striking, °tang-wa° 打壞.
- To consider, °tang-soen° 打算.
- To dress in a showy manner, °tang-pan° 打扮.