TONES
The tones are four in number, each occurring in the upper and lower series. As has been stated, the upper and lower series can be distinguished by the initials. Sounds in the upper series are of higher pitch and those in the lower series of a lower pitch.
The names of the tones are:—
| Bing sung | ＝ Even sound 平聲. |
| Zang sung | ＝ Rising sound 上聲. |
| Chui-sung | ＝ Going sound 去聲. |
| Zeh-sung | ＝ Entering sound 人聲. |