William the Conqueror and the Rule of the Normans

by F. M. Stenton

INDEX

A

• Abernethy, [323], [325]
• Abingdon, chronicle of, [178]
• —— knight service of, [449]
• —— Ethelhelm, abbot of, [399], [450]
• —— history of, [416], [494]
• Adeliz, countess of Ponthieu, [64], [234]
• Ælfwold, abbot of St. Benet of Holme, [173]
• Agelwig, abbot of Evesham, [333]
• Agriculture, system of, [479], [480]
• Aire, river, passage of, [278], [279]
• Alan III., count of Brittany, [66], [72], [137], [341]
• Alan Fergant, duke of Brittany, [342]
• Alan, earl of Richmond, [200], [324], [361]
• Aldreth, Cambridgeshire, [298], [300]
• Alençon, [63], [91], [299]
• —— siege of, [94], [95]
• Alfred the Etheling, [47], [51]
• Alfred, King, [6], [12], [22], [25], [179], [394]
• Algar, English prisoner, [372]
• Alney, treaty of, [214]
• Ambrières, [118], [119]
• Angevin succession war, [126], [127], [130], [160], [304]
• Anjou, county of, [66], [88], [126], [127]
• —— counts of, see [Fulk Nerra], [Fulk le Rechin], [Geoffrey Martel], [Geoffrey le Barbu].
• Anselm of Aosta, [42], [43]
• Ansgar the Staller (Esegar), [224], [238], [241], [424]
• Apulia, [97], [99]
• Aquitaine, [141]
• Archil, Northumbrian thegn, [265], [268]
• Argentan, [78], [79]
• Arlette, mistress of Robert I., [63], [64], [234]
• Army, the feudal, [456]
• —— —— numbers of, [450], [451]
• —— —— at Hastings, [196]
• Arnold, bishop of le Mans, [310], [312]
• Arnulf, son of Baldwin VI., of Flanders, [305], [306]
• Arnulf, count of Flanders, [27]
• Arques, county of, [101]
• —— siege of, [102]-105
• —— see [William], count of.
• Arthur of Brittany, [233]
• Arundel, castle of, [428]
• Arve, valley of, [76], [77], [123]
• Asbiorn, Earl, [271], [285], [291], [321]
• Ascelin, son of Arthur, [375]
• Assessment, principles of, [466]-472
• Athelstan, King, [19], [27], [28]
• Aubrey, earl of Northumbria, [353]
• Aversa, battle of, [106]
• Avranchin, the, [25], [138]
• Axholme, Isle of, [275]
• Azo, marquis of Liguria, [308]

B

• Baile Hill, York, [269]
• Baldwin, sheriff of Devon, [257], [422]
• Baldwin V., count of Flanders, [91], [105], [106], [108], [109], [126], [160], [171], [172], [305]
• Baldwin VI., count of Flanders, [305]
• Baldwin, son of Count Baldwin VI., [305], [307]
• Bamburgh, [317]
• Barking, [227], [233], [238]
• Battle, abbey of, [197], [397]
• Baudri de Guitry, [372], [373]
• Bavinkhove, battle of, [306]
• Bayeux, [102], [115]
• —— bishop of, see [Odo].
• Beaumont (Maine), castle of, [313], [360]
• Beaurain, [154]
• Beauvoisis, [112]
• Bec, schools of, [41]-43
• Bedfordshire, assessment of, [467]-469
• Bellême, county of, [39], [91], [105], [128], [429]
• —— see [Mabel] of.
• Beneficium, [32]
• “Beorcham,” 221
• Berengar of Tours, [42]
• Berkhamstead, Little, [222]
• Bertha of Blois, [130]
• Bessin, the, [25], [81], [121]
• Beverley, church of, [385]
• Bilsdale-in-Cleveland, [282]
• Biota of Mantes, [129], [131], [136]
• Blanchelande, peace of, [314]-316, [344]-346
• Bleddyn, king of Gwynedd, [248], [262], [276]
• Blois, county of, [38], [66], [67]
• —— see [Odo II.], [Theobald III.], counts of.
• Blyth (Notts), [441]
• Bonjen, valley of, [361]
• Bonneville, council of, [180]
• Border, the Scotch, [317], [318], [323], [324]
• Boscherville, [351]
• Brand, abbot of Peterborough, [228], [290]
• Bresle, river, [24]
• Breteuil, [117]
• —— laws of, [117]
• Bretford (Wilts), [67]
• Brian of Penthievre, [270], [277], [324]
• Brill (Bucks), [420]
• Brionne, siege of, [85]
• —— county of, [114]
• Bristol, [258]
• Brittany, [66], [138], [141]
• —— volunteers from, [168]
• —— —— at Hastings, [200], [201]
• —— see [Alan], [Conan], [Hoel], counts of.
• Broken Tower, the, [217]
• Buckingham, earldom of, [167]
• “Burh-bot,” [300]
• Burton-on-Trent, [420]

C

• Caen, [122], [351], [374], [375], [401]
• —— abbey of, Holy Trinity, [180], [358]
• —— —— St. Stephen’s, [42], [180]
• —— burial of William I. at, [374]
• Cambridge, [266], [298], [333]
• Canterbury, [217]
• —— see [Anselm], [Dunstan], [Lanfranc], [Robert of Jumièges], [Stigand], archbishops of.
• Capetian House, [360]
• —— in alliance with Normandy, [29], [33], [67], [68], [73], [79]
• Capital punishment, [87], [340]
• Cardiff, castle of, [354]
• Cardigan, [429]
• Carham, battle of, [317]
• Carisbrooke, castle of, [356]
• Carlisle, [323]
• Carolingian Empire, [1]
• Carolingian House, in alliance with Normandy, [26], [27], [29]
• Carucates, [470], [471]
• Castles, in England, [242], [243], [263], [264], [451]-453
• Castle-guard, [451], [452]
• Celibacy, clerical, enforcement of, [396], [397]
• Champagne, county of, [67], [141];
  • see also [Blois].
• Chancellor, the, [418]
• Chancery, the royal, [53]
• Charles III., king of West Franks, [25], [26]
• Chartres, schools of, [41]
• Chateauneuf, castle of, [346]
• Chaumont, [368]
• Chester, [276], [281], [283]-285, [388], [429]
• —— earldom of, [167], [425], [429]-431
• —— see [Gerbod], [Hugh], earls of.
• Christian, bishop of Aarhus, [271]
• Cicely, daughter of William I., [180]
• Claim of fealty, papal, [404], [405]
• Claire-sur-Epte, treaty of, [24], [25], [26], [40], [79]
• “Clamores” in Lincolnshire Domesday, [497], [498]
• Clarendon, constitutions of, [357]
• Cleveland, [176], [282], [317], [320]
• Clifford’s Tower (York), [265]
• Cluny[Cluny], abbey of, [379]
• Cluniac movement, [40], [385]-387
• Cnut, king of England and Denmark, [5], [15], [18], [44], [65], [147], [150]-152, [211], [253]
• Cnut II. (Saint), king of Denmark, [271], [334], [335], [363], [365]
• Coesnon, river, [139]
• Commune concilium, [408]-415
• Conan, duke of Brittany, [67], [137]-140
• Confiscation, the great, [235]-240
• Constance, widow of King Robert I., [68]
• “Consul Palatinus,” 427
• Copsige, earl of Northumbria, [233], [247]
• Corbie, [307]
• Cornwall, [259], [260]
• Cotentin, the, [25], [81], [101], [172]
• Councils, ecclesiastical, [392], [393]
• Court, the shire, [421], [422], [433], [437], [442]
• —— the hundred, [393], [394], [433], [442], [444]
• Coutances, church of St. Mary at, [137]
• —— see [Geoffrey], bishop of.
• Crowland, abbey of, [288], [290], [338]
• Cumberland, [317], [318], [321], [322]
• Curia, the papal, [55], [163], [164], [377]
• Curia Regis, [416], [419], [456]

D

• Danegeld, [460], [465], [466]
• Danelaw, [9], [10], [12], [24], [253], [272], [273]
• Dean, forest of, [272]
• Denmark, kings of, see [Cnut I.] and [II.], [Gorm], [Harold Blue-Tooth], [Harold Hein], [Swegen Forkbeard], [Swegen Estrithson].
• Derwent (Yorkshire), [178]
• Dieppe, [251]
• Dinan, siege of, [140]
• Dive, river, [81]
• —— —— estuary of, [102], [121], [182], [183]
• —— Church of Notre Dame at, [245]
• Dol, [138], [139], [341]
• Domesday Book, [7], [10], [11], [13], [16], [33], [57], [117], [173], [234], [235], [237]-240, [257], [273], [280], [325], [327], [345], [367], [392], [411], [414], [415], [430], [457]-501
• —— Inquest, [437], [485], [486], [498], [499]
• —— arrangement of, [489]-493
• —— composition of, [486], [487]
• —— indefiniteness of, [482]-485
• —— legal theory underlying, [494]-498
• —— meaning of name, [500], [501]
• Domfront, [91]-95, [101]
• Donald, son of Malcolm III., [323]
• Dover, [50], [156], [216], [217], [249]-251
• Downton (Wilts), [355], [420]
• Dreux, county of, [76], [77]
• Drogo, count of the Vexin, [367]
• Droitwich, [420]
• Dunbar, [317]-325
• Duncan, king of Scots, [318]
• Dunstan, Archbishop, [18], [20], [381], [406]
• Durham, [268], [324], [334]
• —— modern county of, [321]

E

• Eadgyth, wife of Edward the Confessor, [218]
• —— marriage of, [144]
• Eadmer, historian, [382]
• Eadric Streona, earl of Mercia, [15], [18], [45], [248]
• Eadric the Wild, [228], [248], [276]
• Ealdgyth, wife of Harold II., [171]
• Ealdred, archbishop of York, [71], [157], [221], [225], [230], [260], [263], [275], [384]-387, [390]
• Ealdwulf II., earl of Northumbria, [58]
• Earldoms, the great, [14]-17, [46], [424], [425]
• East Anglia, assessment of, [469], [470]
• Edgar the Etheling, [148], [151]-153, [159], [212], [228], [289], [320], [325]
• —— elected king, [213]
• —— submission of, [221]
• —— accompanies William to Normandy, [244]
• —— flight of (1068), [262], [265]
• —— attacks York, [268]
• —— joins Danish fleet, [273]
• —— in Scotland, [295]
• —— final flight of, [321]
• —— receives offer of Montreuil, [326]
• —— returns to England, [327]
• Edgar, king, [9], [20], [394]
• Edington, battle of, [6]
• Edith the Swan-necked, [207]
• Edmund Ironside, [15], [21], [147], [209], [211]
• Edmund, sheriff of Hertfordshire, [231]
• Ednoth the Staller, [259]
• Edred, King, [19]
• Edward the Confessor, [21], [36], [49], [52], [54], [60]-62, [66], [76], [91], [143]-147, [331], [411]
• —— death of, [157]
• —— ecclesiastical appointments by, [385]
• Edward the Elder, [7], [19], [26]
• Edward the Etheling, [147], [148]
• Edward, sheriff of Wiltshire, [423]
• Edwin, earl of Mercia, [59], [61], [153], [177], [191]-193, [212]-215, [227], [230], [234], [412]
• —— accompanies William I. to Normandy, [244], [245]
• —— first revolt of, [261]-264
• —— flight and death of, [295]-297
• Edwy, king of Wessex, [8], [20]
• Elf, the, treaty of, [48]
• Ely, abbey of, [288], [432]
• —— Domesday Inquest relating to, [459]
• —— Isle of, [290]-300, [321]
• —— private jurisdiction over, [440], [441]
• Emma, wife of Ethelred II., [29], [30], [31], [47], [65], [143]
• Emma, wife of Earl Ralf, [330], [334]
• English sheriffs, [424]
• Enguerrand, count of Ponthieu, [64], [76]
• —— death of, [104], [111], [234]
• Eon, count of Penthievre, [119], [200], [324]
• Epte, river, [24], [68]
• Eric, earl of Northumbria, [45]
• Eric of Upsala, [2]
• Esegar, see [Ansgar].
• Estrith, sister of Cnut, [65]
• Ethelmer, bishop of Elmham, [389]
• Ethelnoth, Kentish thegn, [244]
• Ethelred II., [8], [15], [18], [20], [29], [30], [44], [143]
• Ethelric, bishop of Selsey, [389]
• Ethelwine, bishop of Durham, [266], [268], [389]
• Ethelwold, prior of Peterborough, [292], [295]
• Eu, [24], [105]
• —— county of, [100]
• —— see [Robert], [William], counts of.
• Eudo fitz Hubert (de Rye), [418]
• Eustace, count of Boulogne, [50], [169], [228], [231], [249], [250], [300]
• Evesham, abbey of, [281]
• —— see [Agelwig], abbot of.
• Evreux, county of, [70]
• —— see [William], count of.
• Exeter, [30], [252], [254], [259], [277], [454]
• —— revolt of, [253]-257, [267]
• —— see of, [383]
• Exning, [330], [332], [340]

F

• Fagadun, [334]
• Falaise, [63], [78], [121]
• Falkirk, [350]
• Feasts, [409]
• Fécamp, [39], [71], [76], [245], [401]
• —— council at, [70], [71]
• Feigned flight at Hastings, [203]-205
• Fenland, [288]
• Feudal rights, [34]
• Feudum, [32]
• Five Boroughs, [7]
• —— assessment of, [472], [473]
• Flanders, county of, [27], [38], [52], [108], [109], [141], [160], [305]-307
• —— volunteers from, [168]
• —— visited by Robert Curthose, [346], [348]
• —— see [Baldwin V]. and [VI.], [Robert], [Arnulf], counts of.
• Flat Holme, the, [258]
• Fleet, the English, [173], [174], [178]
• —— the Norman, [165]-168
• Fresnay, castle of, [312], [313], [360]
• Fulford, battle of, [177]
• Fulk the Lame, [167]
• Fulk Nerra, count of Anjou, [71]-89
• Fulk le Rechin, count of Anjou, [127], [304], [308], [312]-315
• Fyrd, the English, [255], [323], [333], [341], [445], [454], [455]

G

• Gainsborough, [272]
• Gamel, the son of Orm, [59]
• Gateshead, [352]
• Gatinais, the, [127]
• Gebuin, Archbishop of Lyons, [404]
• Geoffrey Alselin, [238]
• Geoffrey “le barbu,” count of Anjou, [127]
• Geoffrey, bishop of Coutances, [128], [225], [277], [384], [400], [408], [409], [454]
• Geoffrey “Grenonat,” count of Rennes, [341]
• Geoffrey de Mandeville, [238], [241], [424]
• Geoffrey “Martel,” count of Anjou, [89], [112], [116], [160], [304]
• —— war of 1048, [90]-95
• —— refrains from war of 1054, [112]-116
• —— attacks Ambrières, [118], [119]
• —— count of Maine, [118], [128], [130]
• —— death, [126]
• Geoffrey of Mayenne, [118]-120, [308], [310]-312
• Gerald the Seneschal, [167]
• Gerbevoi, castle of, [347], [360]
• —— battle of, [347], [348]
• Gersendis of Liguria, [308], [311]
• Gertrude of Holland, [305]
• Gervaise, bishop of Le Mans, [128]
• Gherbod, earl of Chester, [429], [430]
• Gilbert, count of Brionne, [72], [74], [76]
• Gilbert Crispin, castellan of Tillières, [77]
• Gilbert of Ghent, [170]
• Gilbert Maminot, bishop of Lisieux, [369]
• Gilbert, Bishop Walcher’s deputy, [351], [352]
• Gloucester, [51], [415], [453]
• Gloucestershire, [426]
• Godwine, earl of Wessex, [16], [18], [47], [49], [50], [51], [109], [145], [146], [156]
• —— House of, [319]
• Gorm, king of Denmark, [2]
• Gospatric, Northumbrian thegn, [59]
• Gospatric, earl of Northumbria, [268], [319], [320]
• —— appointed earl (1068), [248]
• —— flight of (1068), [262]
• —— joins Danish army, [273]
• —— makes submission, [282]
• —— harries Cumberland, [321], [322]
• —— deposition of, [325]
• Gratian, [394]
• Grimbald de Plesis, [82], [87]
• Guildford, [47]
• Gundulf, bishop of Rochester, [401]
• Gunhild, daughter of Earl Godwine, [258]
• Guntard, abbot of Jumièges, [370]
• Gustavus Vasa, [4]
• Guthrum of East Anglia, [6], [24]
• Guy of Brionne, [71]
• —— revolt of, [80]-88
• Guy-Geoffrey of Aquitaine, [105], [111]
• Guy, count of Ponthieu, [111], [115], [154], [183]
• Gyrth, earl of East Anglia, [57], [202]
• Gytha, wife of Earl Godwine, [150], [207], [257], [258]

H

• Hacon, earl of Worcestershire, [45]
• Hacon, Danish earl, [334]
• Hainault, county of, [305]
• Hamon de Thorigny, [82]
• Hamon, viscount of Thouars, [223]
• Harold “Blue Tooth,” king of Denmark, [45]
• Harold “Hein,” king of Denmark, [271], [335], [363]
• Harold I., king of England, [47]
• Harold II., king of England, [49], [52], [56], [57], [257], [302]
• —— joins in Breton war, [139], [155]
• —— earl of Wessex, [147]
• —— continental tour of, [148], [149]
• —— designs upon English throne, [148]
• —— visit to Normandy and oath, [154]-157
• —— becomes king of England, [157]-160
• —— refuses papal arbitration, [161], [163]
• —— marriage of, [171]
• —— campaign of Stamfordbridge, [177]-179
• —— campaign of Hastings, [191]-194
• —— battle of Hastings, [194]-205
• —— death, [205], [206]
• —— character, [208]-210
• —— illegitimate sons of, [258], [259], [270]
• Harold Fair Hair, king of Norway, [2]
• Harold Hardrada, king of Norway, [3], [48], [49], [175]-179, [183], [253], [273]
• Harthacnut, [46], [48]
• Hastings, battle of, [54], [133], [194]-206, [286]
• —— castle of, [187]
• —— base of Norman army, [188], [195], [211]
• Hayling Island, grant of, [231]
• Helie de la Flèche, [362]
• Henry de Beaumont, [264], [408], [451]
• Henry IV., emperor, [160]
• Henry I., king of England, [219], [233], [260], [369], [370], [419]
• Henry II., king of England, [348], [419], [423]
• Henry, son of Henry II., [349]
• Henry de Ferrers, [169], [408]
• Henry I., king of France, [34], [37], [68], [71], [77], [100], [160]
• —— guardian of William, [74]
• —— raids in Normandy, [78]
• —— at Val-es-dunes, [83]-85
• —— war with Anjou, [90]
• —— supports William of Arques, [103], [104]
• —— invades Normandy, [110]-117
• —— retreat of, [116]
• —— defeated at Varaville, [121], [122]
• —— character of reign, [125]
• —— death, [126]
• —— grants Vexin to Robert I. of Normandy, [367]
• Herbert “Bocco,” regent of Maine, [129]
• Herbert “Eveille-Chien,” count of Maine, [129]
• Herbert II., count of Maine, [118], [130], [131]
• Hereford, earldom of, [49], [53], [167], [243], [328], [329], [342], [425]-427
• —— castle of, [248]
• —— county of, [276]
• Hereward, [289]-295, [297]-303, [316]
• Herlwin, abbot of Bec, [41]
• Herlwin of Conteville, [64]
• Herlwin, knight, [374]
• Hidage, the Tribal, [462], [463]
• —— the Burghal, [463], [464]
• —— the county, [465]
• Hides, [460], [461]
• Hiesmois, county of, [70], [78], [83], [105], [121]
• Hildebrand, see [Pope Gregory VII].
• Hoel, duke of Brittany, [140], [314], [341], [342]
• Holderness, [176], [320]
• Housecarles, [445]
• Hoveringham (Notts), Domesday description of, [476]-482
• Hubert, papal legate, [404]
• Hubert of Fresnay, [312]
• Hubert, viscount of Maine, [360]-363
• Hugh fitz Baldric, [423]
• Hugh de Chateauneuf, [346]
• Hugh, earl of Chester, [78], [167], [356], [430], [433]
• Hugh of Gournai, [113]
• Hugh de Grentmaisnil, [243], [348]
• Hugh of Liguria, [308]
• Hugh IV., count of Maine, [118], [129]
• Hugh the Great, count of Paris, [26]
• Hugh de Montfort, [113], [167], [243], [249]
• Hugh de Montgomery, [428]
• Hugh of Sillé, [310], [311], [313]
• Humber, the, [58]
• Humphrey de Tilleul, [243]
• Huntingdon, [191], [266]
• —— earldom of, [329]

I

• Iceland, [3]
• Ingelric the Priest, [232]
• Ingibiorg, wife of Malcolm III., [323]
• Ipswich, [271]

J

• Jersey, [66]
• John, king of England, [162]
• John de la Flèche, [308], [313]-315
• John, archbishop of Rouen, [246]
• Judith, wife of Earl Tostig, [109]
• Judith, wife of Earl Waltheof, [234], [332], [337], [342]
• Jumièges, [39], [245]
• Junquené, archbishop of Dol, [76], [138]
• Jurisdiction, ecclesiastical, [386], [387]

K

• Kent, earldom of, [167], [425], [431]
• Knight service, institution of, [444], [446]-451
• Knights’ fee, [446], [447]

L

• La Flèche, siege of, [314]
• —— see also [Helie] and [John].
• Land-loan, [33]
• Lanfranc, archbishop of Canterbury, [214], [358], [389]
• —— head of school of Bec, [41]
• —— opposes William’s marriage, [107]
• —— abbot of St. Stephen’s, Caen, [180]
• —— visits Rome (1067), [245], [246]
• —— relations with Roger of Hereford, [328], [329]
• —— conduct in 1075, [334]-336
• —— suggests arrest of Bishop Odo, [357]
• —— letter to, [371]
• —— policy as archbishop, [390]-397
• —— dispute with the Curia, [403]
• Law, Old English, [10], [499]
• —— canon, [394]
• Leicester, [264]
• —— earldom of, [167]
• Le Mans, [127], [132]-134, [309]-313
• —— see of, [127]-129
• —— see [Arnold], [Gervase], [Vulgrin], bishops of.
• Leobwine, favourite of Bishop Walcher, [352]
• Leofgar, bishop of Hereford, [384]
• Leofric, earl of Mercia, [18], [45], [49], [145]
• —— House of, [262], [296], [319]
• Leofric, abbot of Peterborough, [228]
• Leofwine, Earl, son of Godwine, [57], [202]
• Leofwine, bishop of Lichfield, [230]
• Lewes, priory of, [397]
• Ligulf, Northumbrian thegn, [352]
• Lijmfiord, [364]
• Lillebonne, council of (1066), [165], [170], [172], [408]
• —— —— (1080), [351], [406]
• Lincoln, [187], [191], [266], [273]
• Lindsey, [173], [275], [276], [278]
• Lisois de Monasteriis, [278], [279]
• London, [133], [192]
• —— citizens of, [153], [224]
• —— citizens of, charter to, [240]
• —— Tower of, [227]
• —— Bridge, [57], [219]
• Lothian, [317], [323], [325]
• Louis d’Outremer, [9], [28], [29]
• Lugg, river, [248]
• Lyting, bishop of Worcester, [384]

M

• Mabel of Bellême, [39], [120]
• Macbeth, king of Scots, [318]
• Magnus I., king of Norway, [46], [48], [49]
• Magnus Bareleg, king of Norway, [4]
• Maine, [39], [88], [92], [118]-120, [160]
• —— revolt of (1072), [307]-316
• —— revolt of (1084), [359]-362
• —— baronage of, [129], [308]
• —— see [Hugh], [Herbert], counts of.
• Malcolm I., king of Scots, [317]
• Malcolm II., king of Scots, [317], [318]
• Malcolm III., king of Scots, [173], [265], [266], [317]-323, [350]
• —— marriage of, [322]
• Malger, archbishop of Rouen, [71]
• —— deposition of, [106], [107]
• Malger, count of Mortain, [70]
• Malmesbury, abbey of, [289]
• —— schools of, [398]
• Mantes, [112], [368], [369]
• Margaret of Maine, [130], [131], [136]
• Margaret, wife of Malcolm III., [322]
• Marleswegen, sheriff of Lincoln, [192], [229], [262], [268], [273], [321]
• Marmontice, abbey of, [181], [397]
• Matilda, the empress, [163], [233]
• Matilda, wife of William I., [105]-110, [143]
• —— contributes to the fleet, [167]
• —— regent of Normandy (1066), [181], [241]
• —— regent of Normandy (1068), [251]
• —— regent of Normandy (1069), [269]
• —— coronation of, [260], [261]
• —— assists Robert her son in exile, [346]
• —— death and character, [358], [359]
• Mauritius, archbishop of Rouen, [42], [245]
• Maxines, abbey of, [306]
• Mayenne, castle of, [134]
• Monasteries, foundation of, [380]
• Monasticism, in Normandy, [40]
• —— revival of, in England, [397]-400
• Mons, [306]
• Montacute (Somerset), siege of, [277]
• Montgomery (Normandy), castle of, [67], [72]
• Montgomery (England), castle of, [427]
• —— see [Hugh], [Roger], [William] de.
• Montlouis, battle of, [89], [90]
• Montreuil-sur-Mer, [326], [347]
• Mora, the, [167], [185]
• Morcar, earl of Northumbria, [59], [60], [153], [171], [177], [191]-193, [212]-215, [227], [261], [319], [372], [412]
• —— accompanies William to Normandy, [244], [245]
• —— first revolt of, [261]-264
• —— flight to Ely, [295], [296]
• —— imprisonment of, [299]
• Morecambe Bay, [265]
• Mortain, see [Malger], [Robert], [William], counts of.
• Mortemer, campaign and battle of, [114], [115], [183], [367]
• Moulins, [105], [111]

N

• Nantes, county of, [137]
• Neel de St. Sauveur, [82], [85]
• Newburn on Tyne, [247]
• Newcastle on Tyne, [323]
• —— castle of, founded, [350]
• Nicæa, [72]
• Nicholas, abbot of St. Ouen, [71], [167]
• Normandy, boundaries of, [24], [25]
• —— condition of (1035), [74], [75]
• —— condition of (1066), [141]
• —— dukes of, see [Robert I.], [II.], [Rollo], [Richard I.], [II.], [III.], [William I.], [II.]
• Northampton, [59], [60]
• Northamptonshire, [59]
• —— French barons of, [171]
• Northumbria, [8], [9], [58], [213], [214], [230], [259], [262], [273], [391]
• —— revolt of (1065), [59], [60]
• —— opposition to Harold, [171]
• —— revolt of (1068), [262], [263]
• —— revolt of (1069), [273]-279
• —— harrying of, [279]-283, [286], [287]
• —— earls of, see [Aubrey], [Copsige], [Gospatric], [Morcar], [Oswulf], [Robert de Comines], [Robert de Mowbray], [Siward], [Tostig], [Walcher], [Waltheof].
• Norway, kings of, see [Harold Fair Hair], [Harold Hardrada], Magnus I., II., Olaf (Saint), Olaf Tryggvasson, Olaf Kyrre, and Sigurd.
• Norwich, [244], [254], [272], [333], [334]
• Nottingham, [264], [278]

O

• Oath of Harold, [153]-157
• Odensee, [364]-365
• Odo, bishop of Bayeux, [40], [64], [128], [231], [249], [250], [259], [384], [390], [415], [416], [434]
• —— contributes to the fleet, [166]
• —— at Hastings, [202]
• —— joint regent (1067), [243], [246]
• —— earl of Kent, [423], [431], [433]
• —— harries Northumberland, [352], [353]
• —— arrested and imprisoned, [355]-358
• —— released, [372]
• Odo, brother of Henry I. of France, [113], [115]
• Odo II., count of Blois, [68], [77]
• Oise, river, [68]
• Olaf (Tryggvasson), king of Norway, [4]
• Olaf (Saint), king of Norway, [8]
• Olaf (Kyrre), king of Norway, [363]
• Olne, river, [85], [122]
• Ordericus Vitalis, [287], [336], [337], [339], [429]
• Orkneys, [3], [176]
• —— Paul and Erling, earls of, [176]
• Osbern the Seneschal, [72], [76], [427]
• Osbern, bishop of Salisbury, [401]
• Ostmen of Dublin, [52]
• Oswulf, earl of Northumbria, [247], [319]
• Ouse (Yorkshire), river, [176], [265], [273], [279], [282]
• Oxford, [60]

P

• Paula of Maine, [308]
• Peterborough, abbey of, [288]-295
• —— abbots of, see [Brand], [Leofric], [Therold].
• —— knight service due from, [449]
• Peter’s Pence, [404]
• Pevensey, [7], [54], [179], [185]-187, [226], [244]
• Philip I., king of France, [160], [304]
• —— succeeds, [126]
• —— temporary alliance with Flanders, [307]
• —— grants Montreuil to Edgar the Etheling, [326]
• —— supports Breton insurgents, [341]
• —— supports Robert of Normandy, [347]
• —— acquires Vexin, [368]
• —— war of 1087, [368], [369]
• Poissy, [83]
• Pontefract, [278], [279]
• Ponthieu, county of, [183]
• —— see [Enguerrand], [Guy], counts of.
• Pontoise, [368]
• Pope, Alexander II., [161], [402], [405]
• —— Benedict X., [389]
• —— Gregory VII., [162], [357], [358], [402]-406
• —— Innocent II., [163]
• —— Innocent III., [162]
• —— Leo IX., [107]
• —— Nicholas II., [107]
• Porlock (Somerset), [54]
• Precarium, the, [32], [33]
• Private jurisdiction, [35]
• —— —— after 1066, [438]-443
• Private war, in Normandy, [35]

R

• Raimalast, castle of, [346]
• Ralf of Mantes, earl of Hereford, [49], [53]
• Ralf III., count of Valois, [368]
• Ralf de Wacy, [72], [78]
• Ralf de Wader, earl of East Anglia, [272], [329], [330], [333]-335, [341]-342
• Ramsey, abbey of, [288], [294], [295]
• Randolf de Brichessart, [81], [85]
• Redemption of land by English, [234]-236
• Reginald of Clermont, [113]-115
• Remigius (Remi), bishop of Lincoln, [167], [401]
• Rennes, counts of, [137]
• —— county of, [138]
• Rheims, General Council of, [106], [107]
• Rhiwallon of Dol, [138], [139]
• Rhiwallon, king of Powys, [248]
• “Ricardenses,” the, [69], [101]
• Riccall (Yorkshire), [176], [179]
• Richard I., duke of Normandy, [28], [29], [37], [38], [39], [379]
• Richard II., duke of Normandy, [29], [38], [41], [101], [379]
• Richard III., duke of Normandy, [64]
• Richard of Hugleville, [103]
• Richard, son of Count Gilbert of Brionne, [261]
• Richard, second son of William I., [260]
• Richildis of Hainault, [305], [306]
• Richmond, earldom of, [324]
• Ripon, church of, [385]
• Rippingdale (Lincolnshire), [290]
• Robertian House, [25], [27], [29]
• Robert, duke of Burgundy, [360]
• Robert de Comines, earl of Northumbria, [267], [268], [319]
• Robert, count of Eu, [100], [113], [166], [261], [276]
• Robert “the Frisian,” count of Flanders, [160], [305]-307, [326], [346], [363]
• Robert, bishop of Hereford, [401]
• Robert of Jumièges, archbishop of Canterbury, [53], [245], [385]
• Robert, count of Mortain, [64], [166], [259], [260], [261], [276], [277], [414]
• Robert de Mowbray, earl of Northumbria, [353]
• Robert d’Oilly, [169]
• Robert, count of Paris, [25]
• Robert I., duke of Normandy, [34], [37], [63]-72, [143], [245], [367]
• Robert II. (Curthose), duke of Normandy, [130], [136], [181], [233], [260], [404]
• —— joint regent of Normandy (1068), [251]
• —— recognised as count of Maine, [314]-316
• —— revolt of, [345]-349
• —— character of, [349], [350]
• —— Scotch expedition of, [350]
• —— designated heir of Normandy, [371]
• Robert fitz Richard, castellan of York, [265], [268], [269]
• Robert, archbishop of Rouen, [70], [75]
• Robert de Vieux-Pont, [314]
• Robert, the son of Wymarc, [189], [190]
• Roche-Mabille, foundation of, [120]
• Rochester, [219]
• —— church of, suit relating to, [434]-436
• —— see [Gundulf], bishop of.
• Roger de Beaumont, [166], [181], [251], [264], [299], [348]
• Roger de Busli, [441]
• Roger, earl of Hereford, [372], [408], [426]
• —— revolt of, [328]-335
• Roger de Montgomery, earl of Shrewsbury, [39], [120], [166], [261], [287], [314], [348], [358], [408], [425], [427]-429, [433]
• Roger de Toeny, [75]
• Rollo, duke of Normandy, [24]-27, [30]
• Romney, [215], [216]
• Rotrou, count of Mortagne, [346]
• Rouen, [87], [351], [369]
• —— priory of St. Gervase at, [369], [373]
• Rudolph of Burgundy, king of West Franks, [26]
• Rye, [83]

S

• St. Albans, abbey of, [449]
• —— schools of, [398]
• St. Aubin, [103], [234]
• St. Benet of Holme, abbey of, see [Alfwold], abbot.
• —— knight service due from, [449]
• St. Davids, visited by William I., [353]
• St. James, castle of, [138]
• St. Omer, [258]
• St. Suzanne, siege of, [359]-362, [372]
• St. Valery, [166], [183], [184]
• St. Wandville, [39], [68]
• Saintonge, [88]-90, [127]
• Salisbury, [277], [285]
• —— oath of, [364]-366
• —— see [Osmund], bishop of.
• Samson, Queen Matilda’s messenger, [347]
• Sandwich, [172], [173]
• Sarthe, valley of, [134], [312]
• “Sawold,” sheriff of Oxford, [231]
• Sees, translation of, [391], [392]
• Seine, valley of, [25], [112]
• Sheriffs, Norman, [422]
• —— English, [423]
• Shrewsbury, [276], [283]
• —— earldom of, [167], [425], [427], [428]
• —— see [Hugh], [Roger], de Montgomery, earls of.
• Sicily, volunteers from, [168]
• Sigurd (Jerusalem-farer), king of Norway, [4]
• Sillé, castle of, [310]-313
• —— see [Hugh] of.
• Simon de Crepy, count of Valois and the Vexin, [368]
• Siward Barn, [372]
• Siward, earl of Northumbria, [49], [57], [58], [145], [318], [319]
• —— House of, [325]
• Sogne Fiord, [176]
• Soissons, county of, [100]
• Somme, estuary of, [183]
• Sorel, castle of, [346]
• Southwark, [51], [54], [219]
• Southwell (Notts), church of, [385]
• Stafford, [252], [276], [278], [285], [388]
• Stamford, [191]
• Stamfordbridge, battle of, [48], [177]-179, [187], [189], [192]
• —— saga of, [176]
• Stephen, king of England, [163], [219], [249]
• Stigand, archbishop of Canterbury, [55], [56], [225], [300]
• —— submits at Wallingford, [153], [220]
• —— accompanies William to Normandy, [244]
• —— deposition of, [389]
• Subinfeudation, [446]-450
• Sulung, the, [469]
• Sussex, devastation of, [188]
• —— earldom of, [428]
• —— ports of, [53]
• Swegen Estrithson, king of Denmark, [160], [253], [255], [270], [271], [290], [291], [294], [334], [335]
• Swegen Forkbeard, king of Denmark, [4], [15], [44], [46], [272]
• Swegen, son of Cnut, [46]
• Swegen, son of Earl Godwine, [49]

T

• Tactics, [197], [198]
• Tadcaster, [177], [191]
• Tapestry, the Bayeux, [166], [201], [202]
• Taw, river, [270]
• Tees, river, [58], [282], [317], [320], [323]
• Telham, [199]
• Terouenne, [306]
• Thegns, [238]-240, [447], [448]
• Theobald III., count of Blois, [141]
• Theodoric, count of Holland, [305]
• Thomas I., archbishop of York, [390]
• Thorney, abbey of, [288]
• Thorold, abbot of Peterborough, [289]-291, [295]
• Thurcytel de Neufmarché, [72]
• Thurstan, abbot of Ely, [300]
• Thurstan, abbot of Glastonbury, [399]
• Thurstan Goz, revolt of, [78]
• —— Richard, son of, [78], [97]
• Tillières, [76]-78, [117], [123]
• Title to English crown, [149]-153, [232], [233]
• Tochi (Tokig), son of Outi, [169], [238]
• Tokig of Wallingford, [348]
• Tostig, earl of Northumbria, [9], [57]-60, [109], [171]-179, [319]
• Tours, schools of, [41]
• Trade, [53], [65], [109]
• Treaty of 1054, [116], [117], [130]
• Truce of God, [36], [380]
• Tyne, river, [176], [350]

U

• Ulfketil, abbot of Crowland, [290]
• Units of assessment, [467]-469, [471], [472], [474], [475]
• Urse d’Abetot, [333], [423], [424]

V

• Val-es-dunes, battle of, [79], [80], [84], [85], [380]
• Valognes, [82], [87], [101]
• Valois, House of, [368]
• —— see [Simon], [Ralf], counts of.
• Value of manors in Domesday, [480]-482
• Varaville, battle of, [37], [122], [123], [149]
• Vermandois, county of, [27]
• Vernon, castle of, [82], [86]
• Vexin Français, [68], [129], [131], [167]
• Vire, estuary of, [83]
• Vulgrin, bishop of Le Mans, [167]

W

• Walcher of Lorraine, [351]
• —— bishop of Durham, [324]
• —— earl of Northumbria, [342], [343]
• —— murder of, [352], [416]
• Waleran, brother of Guy, count of Ponthieu, [115]
• Waleran, count of Meulan, [75]
• Wales, [432]
• —— expedition into, [353], [354]
• Wallingford, [220]
• Walter Giffard, [102], [167], [408]
• Walter de Lacy, [333]
• Walter of Mantes, [129], [131], [135], [368]
• Walter Tirel, [170]
• Waltham, minster of, [207]
• Waltheof, earl of Huntingdon, [60], [231], [261], [295], [302], [345], [414]
• —— submits at Barking, [234]
• —— accompanies William to Normandy, [244]
• —— joins Danish attack on York, [273], [274]
• —— submits by the Tees, [282]
• —— created earl of Northumbria, [325]
• —— disaffection of (1075), [329]-332
• —— condemnation and execution, [336]-340
• Warwick, [264]
• —— earldom of, [167]
• Watling Street, [13], [420]
• Wearmouth, [321]
• Wedmore, treaty of, [25]
• Westminster, [157], [251], [287], [364]
• —— abbey of, [225], [260], [261]
• —— charters relating to, [229], [230]
• Wharfe, river, [176], [177]
• Wight, Isle of, [54], [172], [356], [366]
• Wigod of Wallingford, [169]
• William, duke of Aquitaine, [119]
• William, count of Arques, [70], [71], [96]
• —— revolt of, [101]-105
• William Busac, [96]
• —— revolt of, [99], [100]
• William, count of Eu, [70]
• William, count of Evreux, [314]
• William of Jumièges, chronicler, [65], [69], [381]
• William Malet, [269], [275]
• William of Malmesbury, historian, [382]
• William de Montgomery, [72]
• William, count of Mortain, [97]-99
• William de Moulins, [314]
• William I. (Longsword), duke of Normandy, [27], [28]
• William II., duke of Normandy and king of England, [4], [5], [7], [9], [25], [37], [40], [48], [56];
  • birth of, [63], [64];
  • recognised as heir of Normandy, [70], [71];
  • minority of, [72]-80;
  • ward of King Henry I., [73], [74];
  • in war of Tillières, [76]-80;
  • suppresses revolt of 1047, [80]-88;
  • besieges Brionne, [85], [86];
  • supports Henry I. against Geoffrey Martel, [90];
  • captures Domfront and Alençon, [91]-95;
  • banishes William, count of Mortain, [97]-99;
  • suppresses revolt of William Busac, [99], [100];
  • suppresses revolt of William of Arques, [101]-105;
  • marries Matilda of Flanders, [105]-110;
  • resists invasion of 1054, [110]-117;
  • concludes peace with King Henry I., [116], [117];
  • founds Breteuil, [117];
  • engages in war of Ambrières, [118]-120;
  • founds Roche-Mabille, [120];
  • defeats invasion of 1058, [120]-123;
  • wins battle of Varaville, [122], [123];
  • receives commendation of Herbert II. of Maine, [118], [130];
  • invasion and conquest of Maine, [132]-135;
  • takes possession of Le Mans, [133], [134];
  • illness of, [136], [137];
  • engages in Breton campaign of 1064, [137]-139;
  • relief of Dol and siege of Dinan, [139], [140];
  • position of, at close of 1064, [140]-142;
  • first visit to England, [146];
  • claim to English throne, [150]-152;
  • receives oath from Harold, earl of Wessex, [153]-157;
  • negotiations with foreign powers, [160];
  • submits his cause to the pope, [161]-163;
  • gathers an army, [164], [165], [168];
  • and fleet, [165]-168;
  • demands fulfilment of Harold’s oath, [170];
  • receives Earl Tostig, [172];
  • preparations for the invasion of England, [180], [181];
  • delayed at the Dive estuary, [182], [183];
  • at St. Valery, [183], [184];
  • voyage to England, [185];
  • lands at Pevensey, [185], [186];
  • builds castles at Pevensey and Hastings, [187], [188];
  • devastations in Sussex, [188];
  • receives a message from Harold, [189], [190];
  • battle of Hastings, [195]-206;
  • generalship of, [197], [198];
  • moves out of Hastings to the English position, [199];
  • details of battle, [200]-206;
  • causes Harold’s burial on the shore of Hastings, [207];
  • takes quarters at Hastings, [211];
  • march on London, [215]-219;
  • burns Southwark, [219], [220];
  • crosses Thames at Wallingford, [220];
  • receives submission of English leaders, [221], [222];
  • receives offer of the crown, [222], [223];
  • dealings with “Esegar” the Staller, [224], [225];
  • coronation, [225], [226];
  • builds Tower of London, [227];
  • extent of his authority 1066–7, [230], [231];
  • at Barking, [227], [233], [234];
  • grants charter to citizens of London, [240], [241];
  • visits Normandy, [241], [243]-246;
  • return, [246];
  • suppresses revolt of Exeter, [253]-257;
  • progress in Cornwall, [259], [260];
  • at Westminster for Matilda’s coronation, [260];
  • northern campaign of 1068, [262]-266;
  • receives submission of Malcolm III., [265], [266];
  • appoints Robert de Comines earl of Northumbria, [267];
  • second visit to York, [269];
  • in forest of Dean, [272];
  • march on Lindsey, [275], [276];
  • at Stafford, [276], [277];
  • at Nottingham, [278];
  • at Pontefract, [278], [279];
  • harrying of Northumbria, [279]-281, [286], [287];
  • Christmas feast at York, [282];
  • march to the Tees and return to York, [282], [283];
  • march to Chester, [283]-285;
  • agreement with Earl Asbiorn, [285];
  • campaign of Ely, [297]-299;
  • relations with Robert the Frisian, [306], [307];
  • suppression of Mancel rising, [312], [313];
  • campaign of La Flèche, [313], [314];
  • concludes peace of Blanchelande, [314]-317;
  • relations with Malcolm III., [317]-323;
  • treaty of Abernethy, [323];
  • creation of earldom of Richmond, [324];
  • dealings with Edgar the Etheling, [325]-327;
  • relations with, and condemnation of, Earl Waltheof, [336]-340;
  • engages in Breton war of 1076, [341], [342];
  • last phase of reign, its character, [344], [345];
  • relations with Robert, [345], [346], [348]-350;
  • campaign of Gerberoi, [347], [348];
  • movements during 1080, [351];
  • expedition into Wales, [353], [354];
  • arrest of Odo of Bayeux, [355]-358;
  • death of Queen Matilda, [358], [359];
  • campaign of St. Suzanne, [359]-361;
  • prepares for a Scandinavian invasion, [363], [364];
  • takes Oath of Salisbury, [364]-366;
  • last departure from England, [366];
  • campaign of Mantes, [368], [369];
  • mortal injury of, [369];
  • illness of, [370]-373;
  • disposition of inheritance, [371];
  • release of prisoners, [372];
  • death, [373];
  • burial, [374], [375];
  • ecclesiastical ideas of, [376]-378, [381];
  • reform of English church, [388]-402;
  • relations with the Curia, [402], [403];
  • administrative changes introduced by,—see under [castles], [Commune Concilium], [Curia Regis], [earldoms], [fyrd], [knight service], [private jurisdiction], [sheriffs], [writs];
  • orders taking of Domesday Inquest, [457]
• William II., king of England, [219], [233], [369], [371]
• William fitz Osbern, earl of Hereford, [93], [117], [230], [231], [261], [269], [287], [328], [414], [425]-427, [433], [492]
• —— contributes to fleet, [166]
• —— regent of England, [243], [246], [415]
• —— death, [306]
• William Peverel, [451]
• William of Poitiers, biographer, [90], [381]
• William, archbishop of Rouen, [403], [404]
• William de Warenne, [243], [397]
• Wimund, commander of Moulins, [105]
• Winchelsea, [251]
• Winchester, [218], [219], [254], [260], [269], [277], [282], [337], [364], [419]
• Witanagemot, [17], [20]
• —— nature of, [410]-414
• Woodstock (Oxfordshire), [420]
• Worcestershire, [333], [426]
• Writs, the king’s, [168], [254], [420], [421]
• —— early Anglo-Norman, [227]-231
• Wulf, son of King Harold, [372]
• Wulfnoth, son of Earl Godwine, [212], [372]
• Wulfstan, bishop of Worcester, [230], [333], [391]
• Wulfwig, bishop of Dorchester, [232]
• Wyce, valley of, [354]

Y

• York, [49], [171], [177], [190], [191], [252], [254], [262]-265, [268], [269], [273]-275, [279], [282]-285
• —— church of, [335], [385]
• —— kingdom of, [7]