FOOTNOTES:
[221] Muir, iv. p. 209
[222] Muir, iv. p. 214.
[223] Hibbert Lectures, p. 307.
[224] X. 168, 3, 4.
[225] See Kaegi, Rig-Veda, p. 61.
[226] Rig-Veda II. 13, 12; IV. 19, 6.
[227] Joshua x. 13.
[228] Rig-Veda IV. 30, 3; X. 138, 3.
[229] L. c. VIII. 37, 3.
[230] L. c. VIII. 78, 5.
[231] I am very strongly inclined to regard these names as Kushite or Semitic; Hermes, from חרם, the sun; Dionysos, from dyan, the judge, and nisi, mankind; Orpheus, from Orfa, the Arabic name of Edessa; Prometheus, from pro and manthanô, to learn.—A. W.
[232] Muir, iv. p. 23.
[233] Ibid. p. 142. An excellent paper on Parganya was published by Bühler in 1862, "Orient und Occident," vol. i. p. 214.
[234] Rig-Veda VII. 101, 6.
[235] Rig-Veda V. 63, 3-6.
[236] L. c. I. 38, 9.
[237] L. c. I. 164, 51.
[238] L. c. X. 98, 1.
[239] Rig-Veda V. 83. See Bühler, "Orient und Occident," vol. i. p. 214; Zimmer, "Altindisches Leben," p. 43.
[240] Both Bühler ("Orient und Occident," vol. i, p. 224) and Zimmer (Z. f. D. A. vii. p. 169) say that the lightning is represented as the son of Parganya in Rig-Veda VII. 101, 1. This seems doubtful.
[241] Rig-Veda VII. 102, 1.
[242] L. c. VIII. 6, 1.
[243] See Max Müller, Sanskrit Grammar, § 174, 10.
[244] Cf. Gobh. Grihyà S. III. 3, 15, vidyut—stanayitnu—prishiteshu.
[245] Uggvaladatta, in his commentary on the Unâdi-sûtras, iii. 103. admits the same transition of sh into g in the verb prish, as the etymon of parganya.
[246] For different etymologies, see Bühler, "Orient und Occident," i. p. 214; Muir, "Original Sanskrit Texts," v. p. 140; Grassmann, in his Dictionary to the Rig-Veda, s. v.; Zimmer, "Zeitscrift für Deutsches Alterthum, Neue Folge," vii. p. 164.
[247] In order to identify Perkunas with Parganya, we must go another step backward, and look upon g or g, in the root parg, as a weakening of an original k in park. This, however, is a frequent phonetic process. See Bühler, in Benfey's "Orient und Occident," ii. p. 717.
[248] Lituanian perkun-kulke, thunder-bolt, perkuno gaisis, storm. See Voelkel, "Die lettischen Sprachreste," 1879, p. 23.
[249] "Perkuno, war der dritte Abgott und man ihn anruffte um's Gewitters willen, damit sie Regen hätten und schön wetter zu seiner Zeit, und ihn der Donner und blix kein schaden thett." Cf. "Gottesides bei den alten Preussen," Berlin, 1870, p. 23. The triad of the gods is called Triburti, Tryboze; l. c. p. 29.
[250] Grimm, "Teutonic Mythology," p. 175; and Lasitzki (Lasicius) "Joannes De Russorum, Moscovitarum et Tartarorum religione, sacrificiis, nuptiarum et funerum ritu, Spiræ Nemetum," 1582; idem De Diis Samagitarum.
[251] Grimm, l. c. p. 176, quoting from Joh. Gutslaff, "Kurzer Bericht und Unterricht von der falsch heilig genannten Bäche in Liefland Wöhhanda," Dorpat, 1644, pp. 362-364.
[252] In modern Esthonian Pitkne, the Finnish Pitcainen(?).
[253] On foreign influences in Esthonian stories, see "Ehstniche Märchen," von T. Kreutzwald, 1869, Vorwort (by Schiefner), p. iv.
[254] Grimm suggests in his "Teutonic Mythology" that Parganya should be identified with the Gothic fairguni, or mountain. He imagines that from being regarded as the abode of the god it had finally been called by his name. Fergunna and Virgunià, two names of mountains in Germany, are relics of the name. The name of the god, if preserved in the Gothic, would have been Fairguneis; and indeed in the Old Norse language Fiörgynn is the father of Frigg, the wife of Odin, and Fiörgynnior, the Earth-goddess, is mother of Thor. Professor Zimmer takes the same view. Grimm thinks that the Greeks and Romans, by changing f into h, represented Fergunni by Hercynia, and, in fine, he traces the words berg and burg back to Parganya.—A. W.
[255] Rig-Veda II. 28.
[256] Atharva-Veda IV. 16.
[257] Psalm cxxxix. 1, 2, "O Lord, thou hast searched me and known me. Thou knowest my downsitting and mine uprising, thou understandest my thought afar off."
[258] Psalm cxxxix. 9, "If I take the wings of the morning, and dwell in the uttermost parts of the sea; even there shall thy hand lead me, and thy right hand shall hold me."
[259] Rig-veda III. 9, 9; X. 52, 6.