CHAP. IX.
(Of Rome, 836—Of Christ, 96.)
[1]Cocceius Nerva succeeded Domitian in the empire. He reigned but one year, four months, and eleven days; an [2]excellent prince, but [3]despised for his age. He [4]annulled all the [5]acts of Domitian, and [6]restored what had been [7]taken from the people by [8]violence and [9]injustice: but he [10]wanted [11]authority to [12]keep the soldiers within [13]due bounds; wherefore those who were [14]concerned in the death of Domitian, from whom he had [15]received the empire, were [16]killed by the [17]guards, [18]in spite of all he could do to [19]prevent it. He made Trajan, [20]lieutenant of Germany, his [21]adopted son, with whom he lived three months.
Trajan [22]took upon him the [23]government of the empire at [24]Cologn, being then in the 42nd year of his age; and a man [25]excellently [26]skilled in the [27]military art. He was likewise a person of great prudence, [28]moderation, and [29]meekness of [30]temper; so that he was thought by all to [31]deserve the [32]surname of [33]Optimus. He [34]added Dacia to the empire, and, [35]marching into the [36]East, [37]subdued the [38]Armenians, the [39]Iberians, the [40]Colchians, the [41]Sarmatians, the [42]Osrhoenians, the [43]Arabians, and the [44]Bosphoranians. He likewise [45]fell upon the Parthians, and [46]took the cities Seleucia, [47]Ctesiphon, and [48]Babylon, with several others. But upon his [49]taking a voyage in the [50]Red Sea, almost all those nations [51]rose in rebellion. He, however, [52]quickly [53]reduced them either in person or by his [54]lieutenants. There was in his time a great [55]earthquake, which [56]ruined the city of [57]Antioch: it [58]happened in the year of Christ 115, in the [59]consulship of Messala and Pedo, the latter of whom was [60]buried in the [61]ruins of the [62]place, and Trajan was [63]drawn through a [64]window, and had [65]much ado to [66]escape. The Jews of [67]Syrene [68]took up arms, and [69]exercised all manner of [70]cruelty upon the Romans and Greeks throughout [71]Egypt and [72]Cyprus. Trajan [73]suppressed this rebellion with infinite [74]slaughter, by his lieutenant Martius Turbo. [75]Whilst he was [76]preparing to march against the Parthians, who were up in arms, having [77]forced from amongst them the king that had been [78]given them by the Roman emperor; this excellent prince [79]fell ill, and [80]died at [81]Selinus in Cilicia. He reigned nineteen years, six months, and fifteen days.
[82]Ælius Hadrianus, Trajan’s [83]cousin and [84]countryman, [85]obtained the empire after him, by the [86]favour of Plotina, Trajan’s wife; a man very [87]fickle in his [88]temper and [89]genius, [90]equally [91]formed for virtue and [92]vice. He [93]went through all the [94]provinces of the empire, so that nobody had ever [95]travelled over so much of the [96]world as he. After the death of Trajan, he [97]abandoned Armenia, Syria, and Mesopotamia, to the Parthians, and [98]intended likewise to [99]leave Dacia, had he not been [100]apprehensive of [101]ruining the many thousands of Romans that were there.
He [102]rebuilt Jerusalem, which he [103]called Ælia Capitolina, and [104]settled a colony there; and in the same place where the [105]temple had [106]stood, [107]built another in [108]honour of [109]Jupiter; which so [110]provoked the Jews, that, [111]taking up arms, they [112]carried on the war with more [113]fury than ever, under the [114]conduct of Barchochebas; against whom, amongst other [115]skilful generals that he [116]employed, Hadrian [117]sent for Julius Severus out of [118]Britain, by whom the Jews were by [119]degrees [120]suppressed and utterly [121]destroyed; there being no less than 50,000 slain in that war, besides an [122]innumerable [123]multitude that were [124]consumed by [125]famine, [126]pestilence, and [127]fire; so that [128]Palestine became almost a [129]wilderness. After that time, the Jews were [130]forbidden, [131]under pain of death, to come to Jerusalem, unless one day in a year to [132]lament their [133]misery.
At last Hadrian [134]growing old and [135]infirm, having no [136]children of his own, [137]adopted [138]Arrius Antoninus, who was afterwards [139]surnamed [140]Pius, [141]upon condition that he should adopt Annius Verus, son of Ælius Verus, and [142]M. Aurelius Antoninus. After which he died at Baiæ, in the year of Christ 138, having lived sixty-two years, and reigned twenty-one and eleven months.
Antoninus Pius, adopted by Hadrian, [143]governed the Roman empire with so much virtue and [144]goodness, that he [145]surpassed all [146]example; for he [147]managed the [148]commonwealth rather with the [149]affection of a father, than with the authority of a prince, and [150]kept the world in [151]peace during his whole reign, for which [152]reason he was [153]compared to Numa. [154]Foreign and [155]remote princes and [156]nations [157]feared him to that degree, that they [158]referred the [159]decision of their [160]controversies to him. He [161]forbade any [162]scrutiny to be made after those, who had [163]entered into a [164]plot against his [165]life. He died in the seventieth year of his age, and twenty-fourth of his reign.
After him reigned M. Antonius Verus, [166]son-in-law of Pius; for he had married his daughter Valeria Faustina. He had from [167]his youth been [168]educated as well in the [169]knowledge of other [170]arts as the [171]studies of [172]wisdom, which he [173]made appear no less in his life and [174]conduct, than his [175]words and [176]professions. In the [177]beginning of his reign, he made L. Ælius Verus his [178]partner of the empire, to whom he married his daughter Lucilla. They reigned together eleven years, being of very [179]different [180]inclinations; for Verus was of a [181]listless, [182]luxurious, and [183]morose temper, but was [184]kept within [185]bounds through the [186]respect he had for his father-in-law; by whom he was [187]sent against the Parthians, and [188]carried on the war [189]successfully for four years, by his lieutenants; wherefore they both [190]triumphed over the Parthians. Afterwards they [191]undertook an [192]expedition against the Marcomanni, but upon their [193]march, Verus was [194]seized with an [195]apoplexy, between Concordia and [196]Altinum, and died. M. Aurelius carried on the war for three years against the Marcomanni, to whom the Quadi, [197]Vandals, [198]Sarmatians, and Suevi, [199]joined themselves. His army in [200]want [201]of water, was [202]relieved by a [203]legion of [204]Christians that was in it, who, by their [205]prayers [206]procured [207]rain from [208]heaven, according to [209]Eusebius. The [210]exchequer being quite [211]exhausted by the great [212]expense of the war, that he might not [213]burthen the people with [214]taxes, he [215]produced all the imperial [216]furniture and [217]sold it; and after the victory [218]restored the [219]price to those [220]purchasers who [221]were willing to [222]part with what they had [223]bought. Avidius Cassius, upon [224]false advice that he was [225]dead, [226]seized the [227]government, and was slain three months after. M. Aurelius died at Vienna, after a reign of nineteen years, and eleven months.
He was [228]succeeded by his [229]wicked son Aurelius Commodus Antoninus, who [230]resembled Nero for [231]cruelty, [232]lust, [233]avarice, and such practices as are [234]scandalous in an emperor. Having [235]settled his affairs with the [236]Germans, he triumphed at Rome. He put to death his sister Lucilla, who, with [237]several others, had [238]conspired against his life. He [239]used to [240]fight among the [241]gladiators in the [242]public games. He was at last, after an [243]infamous life, [244]slain by the [245]contrivance of a [246]mistress, and the captain-general of his [247]life-guards, whom he had [248]determined to [249]put to death. He reigned twelve years, nine months, and fourteen days.
After Commodus was [250]killed in the year of Christ 193, P. [251]Helvius Pertinax, was [252]declared emperor, by those who had [253]dispatched Commodus, who [254]endeavouring to [255]reduce the [256]commonwealth into better [257]order, and to [258]curb the [259]licentiousness of the [260]soldiery, was, within eighty days after his coming to the empire, [261]murdered by his own guards. The empire after this, was by the soldiers [262]exposed to [263]sale, and Didius Julianus [264]coming up to their [265]terms, was [266]accepted of, and [267]proclaimed emperor accordingly. But [268]not being able to [269]make up the [270]promised donative, he was [271]forsaken by them, and slain by [272]order of Septimius Severus, after he had reigned two months and five days.
This Severus, a [273]native of Africa, was at that time lieutenant of Pannonia, and [274]took upon him the government, under the [275]pretence of [276]revenging Pertinax’s death. He first of all [277]disbanded the guards for that [278]abominable [279]murder. Then he [280]fell upon Pescennius Niger, lieutenant of Syria, and Clodius Albinus of [281]Britain, his [282]competitor for the empire. Niger was [283]conquered, and Antioch, into which he [284]threw himself, was taken; after which, [285]flying towards the [286]river Euphrates, he was [287]taken and slain. After the [288]taking off of Niger, Severus [289]took [290]Byzantium, which had [291]declared for him, after a [292]siege of three years.
[293]Matters being [294]brought to a [295]peaceable [296]settlement in the [297]East, he [298]turned his arms [299]westward against Clodius Albinus, and [300]engaged him at [301]Lyons in [302]France; where many being slain on both [303]sides, and amongst others, Albinus, he was [304]left sole [305]possessor of the empire. The city was [306]plundered and [307]burnt, Albinus’s [308]head [309]sent to Rome, and a [310]dreadful [311]havoc made among those who had been his [312]favourers and [313]friends.
After this, he [314]marched [315]eastward again, and [316]conquered the Parthians, the [317]Adiabenians, and Arabians, whilst Plotianus, in the mean time, [318]governed all at Rome. Plotilla, this man’s daughter, was [319]contracted to Antoninus, Severus’s son, and the [320]nuptials were [321]celebrated in the tenth year of Severus’s reign. But not long after, Plotianus being [322]engaged in a [323]plot against the emperor, was slain by his [324]son-in-law, and a great many that had been in his [325]interest, killed after him.
Severus [326]undertook an [327]expedition into Britain, with his two sons, in the 15th year of his reign, where he [328]continued three years; being very [329]successful, he [330]drew a [331]wall [332]across the [333]island for its [334]security. He died at York, after he had reigned seventeen years eight months and three days.
[335]Antoninus Caracalla and Geta, the two sons of Severus, were after him [336]advanced to the empire, in the year of Christ 211. But the [337]difference of their [338]humour and [339]manners was such, that they were [340]perpetually at [341]variance. Geta was of a [342]mild and civil [343]temper, the other [344]cruel and [345]boisterous, who, in the second year of his reign, [346]slew his brother in his [347]mother’s [348]bosom. After him, a great many of his friends and [349]favourers were [350]put to death, amongst whom the [351]famous [352]lawyer [353]Papinian, because he would not [354]justify his [355]parricide. After this, he [356]marched into the [357]East. At Alexandria he made a [358]shocking [359]massacre of the [360]inhabitants, for having some time before made some [361]jests upon him. He then [362]invaded [363]Artabanus, king of the Parthians, and [364]laid waste his [365]dominions. He was [366]killed by the [367]contrivance of Opilius Macrinus after he had reigned six years and two months.
Macrinus [368]enjoyed the empire but a short time; for he and his sons were slain by the [369]soldiers within a year and two months after he obtained it: and was [370]succeeded by [371]Antoninus Heliogabalus, [372]supposed, but [373]falsely, to be the son of Caracalla. He was the [374]vilest [375]wretch that ever lived, [376]given up to all manner of [377]vice. Wherefore, after a reign of three years, and nine months, he was slain by the [378]soldiery, with his mother Julia, or Semiamira.
After this, [379]M. Aurelius Alexander [380]mounted the throne, having been [381]created Cæsar the year before; an [382]extraordinary prince, and well [383]instructed in all the [384]arts of [385]peace and war. He [386]carried a strict hand over the [387]judges, and was very [388]severe upon all those that by [389]favour or [390]bribery [391]transgressed the [392]bounds of [393]justice. He [394]banished from his [395]person all [396]flatterers, [397]buffoons, and such as are a [398]scandal to the [399]court. He [400]forbade the [401]sale of [402]offices, saying, that what was [403]bought would be [404]sold again. He [405]allowed the [406]deputies of the [407]provinces all their [408]furniture out of the [409]exchequer, that they might not be [410]burdensome to the people. He was [411]successful against the Persians, but at last slain in a [412]sedition of his army.
In the fifth year of his reign, [413]Artaxerxes, [414]the Persian, having [415]defeated the Parthians in three [416]battles, and slain their king Artabanus, [417]raised again the empire of the Persians in the East. He also made an [418]excursion into the Roman [419]territories, but was defeated by Alexander. After this, he [420]undertook an [421]expedition against the Germans, in which he was slain by Maximinus, together with his mother, after a reign of thirteen years.
Maximinus was made emperor after the [422]murder of Alexander, and [423]put a happy end to the German war. In the mean time he made a [424]dreadful [425]havoc at Rome, by his governor there, and killed a great many of the [426]nobility. During this, the two [427]Gordians, father and son, while at [428]Carthage, [429]laid claim to the empire. The Romans, being [430]headed by the senate, [431]declared against Maximinus; and [432]persons were [433]dispatched away to [434]secure the provinces for the senate. At home, twenty [435]commissioners were [436]nominated for the [437]management of public [438]affairs. The Gordians being [439]killed in Africa, after a year and a few days, by [440]Capelian, Maximinus’s general, [441]Balbinus and [442]Maximus Pupienus, two of the [443]twenty [444]commissioners, were [445]advanced to the empire by the senate in the year of Christ 237; in which Maximinus, as he was [446]besieging Aquileia, was slain by the [447]soldiers with his son, who was but a [448]boy, after a reign of two years and ten months.
Balbinus and Pupienus, with Gordian ([449]a boy, who, as will be seen [450]hereafter, [451]perished in Africa), reigned together for a year. But afterwards being [452]desirous to [453]get rid of Gordian, who was more in [454]favour than themselves, they were slain by the soldiers in the year of Christ 238; from which time Gordian [455]enjoyed the empire by himself, a [456]youth of an [457]extraordinary [458]genius, and [459]prone to all manner of virtue; which was [460]improved by the [461]prudence of Misitheus, a very [462]learned and [463]eloquent man, whose daughter he [464]married; with whom he [465]marched at the [466]head of the great army against the Persians, and [467]recovered from them [468]Carræ, [469]Nisibis, and other towns, and [470]forced them back into their own [471]country. The year [472]following, Misitheus being [473]murdered by the [474]contrivance of [475]Philip the Arabian, Gordian himself was soon after slain in a [476]tumult, which the same Philip [477]raised by the [478]help of some soldiers he had [479]corrupted, after he had reigned six years, in whose [480]place the [481]parricide [482]succeeded.
In the fourth year of Philip’s reign, the [483]Secular games were [484]celebrated at Rome, in the [485]thousandth year of the city. He was [486]at last [487]slain at Verona, by the soldiers, in the sixth year of his [488]reign.
Decius, [489]born in [490]Lower Pannonia, a man of great [491]courage and [492]experience in war, [493]succeeded him. He [494]perished in a [495]morass in a battle against the [496]Barbarians. This [497]defeat was [498]occasioned by the [499]treachery of Gallus, who [500]secretly [501]caballed with the enemy after he had reigned thirty months. This Gallus being made emperor by the [502]choice of the [503]soldiery, and having [504]taken his son as a [505]partner in the [506]government, was slain together with him by the soldiers, two years and four months after at Interamna, as he was [507]marching against Æmilian, who was [508]raising a [509]rebellion in Mœtia.
Æmilian did not reign long, being slain three months after his [510]advancement, and was [511]succeeded by Valerian, with his son Gallienus, who reigned six years together; during which time the Roman empire was [512]miserably [513]rent by the Barbarians. Thirty [514]tyrants [515]started up in several [516]places, according to [517]Trebellius Pollio. Wherefore Valerian [518]marching against the [519]Scythians, who had [520]taken [521]Chalcedon, [522]burnt Nice, and the [523]temple of the [524]Ephesian Diana, and from thence [525]advancing against Sapores, who [526]was very troublesome to the [527]Eastern [528]borders, he [529]took him [530]prisoner, and [531]treated him like a vile [532]slave; for when he [533]mounted his [534]horse, he [535]set his [536]foot upon his [537]neck, who [538]bowed down [539]for that purpose. At last he [540]ordered him to be [541]flayed and [542]salted. This [543]victory over the Romans [544]happened in the year of Christ 260. After which Odenatus, a senator of the [545]Palmyrenians, whom Zenobia had [546]married, [547]bravely [548]repulsed the Persians that still [549]harassed the [550]borders.
[551]In the mean time Gallienus, wholly [552]given up to [553]luxury and [554]debauchery, [555]suffered the empire to be [556]torn to pieces by the Barbarians, and [557]tyrants. Odenatus, after the [558]taking of Nisibis and Carræ, and the [559]recovery of Mesopotamia, [560]upon routing of the king of the Persians, having [561]sent the great [562]lords of the Persians to him in [563]chains, he was [564]not ashamed to [565]triumph, as if he had [566]conquered them himself. Odenatus was [567]murdered by his [568]cousin, together with his son Herod, whose [569]wife Zenobia, being a [570]woman of a [571]masculine spirit, [572]undertook the government. Gallienus was slain with his brother Valerian at [573]Milan, as he was marching against Aureolus the tyrant. He reigned almost seven years with his father, and eight alone.
Claudius [574]succeeded him; a [575]frugal and [576]moderate prince, and very [577]serviceable to the public, who having [578]taken off the tyrant Aureolus, was very [579]successful against the [580]Goths, of whom he [581]slew 320,000, and [582]sunk 200 of their [583]ships. The rest of the Barbarians were [584]consumed at [585]Hæmimontium by [586]famine and [587]pestilence; and soon after Claudius [588]died of the same [589]plague, after a reign of one year and nine months.
His brother Quintilius [590]usurping the empire, was slain by the soldiers ten days after, who had now [591]made choice of Aurelian, a person of [592]mean birth, but [593]reckoned amongst the most [594]glorious princes, only rather too [595]cruel. He [596]subdued the Alemanni and Marcomanni, from whom the Romans had before [597]received a [598]signal [599]overthrow. After that victory he [600]came to Rome, [601]put several of the [602]senators to death, and [603]enlarged the [604]walls of the city. Then marching [605]eastward, he conquered Zenobia, whom with the tyrant [606]Tetrichus, he [607]led in [608]triumph. [609]Aurelius Victor tells us, he was the first of the Roman emperors who [610]wore a [611]diadem on his [612]head, or [613]used [614]jewels and [615]cloth of [616]gold. He was [617]taken off by [618]Mnestheus, a [619]notary to the [620]secretaries at [621]Cænophrurium, [622]betwixt [623]Byzantium and Heraclea. After his [624]death, there was an [625]interregnum of about seven months, [626]occasioned by a [627]dispute between the senate and the army, about the [628]choice of an emperor; at length Tacitus was [629]chosen by the senate, a person of [630]excellent [631]morals, and very [632]fit for the [633]government, he was [634]descended from Tacitus the [635]historian; and he [636]died of a [637]fever six months after at Tarsus. His brother Florianus [638]succeeded him: but Probus being [639]set up by a [640]majority of the army, Florianus [641]bled himself to death, two months after his brother died, in the year of Christ 276.
This Probus was [642]born in Pannonia Sirmiensis, a very fine man, and an excellent [643]soldier, of [644]unspotted morals. [645]As soon as he was [646]made emperor, he [647]punished all those who [648]had a hand in the death of Aurelian. After that, he [649]marched to [650]Gaul, [651]recovered several towns out of the [652]hands of the [653]Barbarians, and [654]slew nearly 70,000 of them. After [655]reducing [656]Gaul, he recovered [657]Illyricum, and [658]subdued the people [659]called the [660]Getæ; then going into the [661]East, he [662]fell upon the [663]Persians; when having [664]defeated them, and [665]taken several towns, he was [666]slain on his [667]return to Italy, by the soldiers, at [668]Sirmium, who [669]hated him for his great [670]severity. This [671]happened in the seventh year of his [672]reign, and the 282nd of Christ.
Probus was [673]succeeded by M. Aurelius Carus, [674]born at [675]Narbon in France, who [676]immediately [677]made his sons Carinus, and Numerianus, [678]Cæsars; and having [679]sent Carinus to [680]take the care of Gaul, he [681]marched into the [682]East against the Persians with Numerianus; where, after he had [683]reduced Mesopotamia, and marched as far as [684]Ctesiphon, he was [685]struck dead by [686]lightning, having [687]reigned about a year. Numerianus being much [688]concerned for his father’s death, [689]contracted a [690]weakness in his [691]eyes with [692]weeping, and was [693]slain by the [694]contrivance of Aper his [695]father-in-law.
Carinus was nothing [696]like his father and brother, being [697]guilty of all [698]manner of [699]wickedness; [700]wherefore he was [701]odious to all [702]ranks of [703]people. He was [704]betrayed by his own army at [705]Margum in Mœsia, and [706]killed by the soldiers of Dioclesian, who, as soon as Numerianus was [707]dead, [708]accepted of the [709]purple [710]offered him by the army, being born of [711]mean parents in [712]Dalmatia (for [713]he is said to have been the [714]slave of [715]Anulinus the senator), but a [716]gallant soldier. He [717]took his [718]oath in an [719]assembly of the soldiers, that he [720]had no hand in the death of Numerianus, and upon that [721]slew Aper with his own [722]hand; and so [723]fulfilled the [724]prophecy of him, that he should be emperor, when he had killed a [725]boar with his own hand; for which reason [726]as often as he [727]met with a boar, he [728]used to kill him. After he had killed Aper, he said he had [729]found the fatal boar. He [730]suppressed the [731]boors who made an [732]insurrection in Gaul, and [733]called themselves Bacaudæ, by means of [734]Maximianus Herculius, whom he [735]sent thither [736]for that purpose in the year 285, in which this Herculius was first made Cæsar, and the year [737]following he was made Augustus. About the same time Carausius having [738]seized upon [739]Britain, and Achilleus in [740]Egypt, [741]pretended to the empire; and in the [742]East, Narses king of Persia, being [743]ready to [744]fall upon the Romans, and Africa being [745]wasted by the [746]Quinquegentians, the better to [747]conduct all these wars at once, he [748]created Constantius Chlorus, and Galerius Maximianus, Cæsars. The latter was [749]born in Dacia, not far from Sardica, and was [750]surnamed [751]Armentarius, because he had been a [752]herdsman. Dioclesian [753]gave his daughter Valeria to Armentarius, and Maximianus Herculius [754]disposed of his step-daughter Theodora to Constantius. After this, Dioclesian [755]went to Egypt, Herculius into Africa, Armentarius into the East, and Constantius into Britain. Alexandria was [756]taken by Dioclesian, after a [757]siege of eight months, in the twelfth year of his reign. Ceransius was [758]killed by his friend [759]Alectus, eight years after his [760]revolt. At the same time the Quinquegentians were [761]reduced by Maximianus Herculius: and Galerius Armentarius [762]defeated by Narsus, being [763]haughtily [764]received by Dioclesian, he the year following 297, [765]revenged this [766]disgrace, by [767]routing the Persian army, and [768]taking the [769]wives, [770]sisters, and [771]children of Narsus prisoners; upon which Dioclesian received him [772]honourably in Mesopotamia.
At length, after a [773]splendid [774]triumph, Dioclesian and Herculius [775]laid down their [776]authority; the former did it [777]by choice, and [778]retired to Salonæ; the other was [779]prevailed upon more by the [780]authority of his [781]colleague, than from any [782]inclination for it. This [783]happened in the 20th of Dioclesian, and 304th year of Christ; upon which [784]Constantius Chlorus, and [785]Galerius Maximianus Armentarius, were [786]proclaimed emperors; Severus, and Galerius Maximianus, the [787]nephew of Armentarius by a sister, were [788]declared Cæsars. Constantius [789]divided the Roman empire with Maximian, [790]keeping to himself Gaul, Italy, and Africa; but the two [791]last he afterwards [792]left to his colleague, who had besides [793]Illyricum, Asia, and the [794]East. Of this he made Maximianus [795]governor, and [796]placed Severus in Italy.
FOOTNOTES
[1] Coccéjo Nerva
[2] eccellénte
[3] sprezzáto
[4] annulláre
[5] atto
[6] restituíre
[7] preso
[8] violénza
[9] ingiustízia
[10] mancáre
[11] autorità
[12] tenére
[13] dovére
[14] avér parte
[15] ricevúto
[16] uccíso
[17] guárdia
[18] ad onta di
[19] impedíre
[20] luogotenénte
[21] adottáto
[22] pigliáre
[23] govérno
[24] Cológna
[25] ottimaménte
[26] versáto
[27] arte militáre
[28] moderazióne
[29] dolce
[30] temperamento
[31] meritáre
[32] sopranome
[33] Óttimo
[34] aggiúngere
[35] marciáre
[36] Levánte
[37] soggiogáre
[38] Armeni
[39] Ibérj
[40] Colchi
[41] Sármati
[42] Osroéni
[43] Árabi
[44] Bosforáni
[45] attaccáre
[46] préndere
[47] Tesifóne
[48] Babilónia
[49] fare un viággio
[50] per il mar rosso
[51] ribellársi
[52] presto
[53] ridúrre
[54] luogotenénte
[55] terremóto
[56] rovináre
[57] Ántíochia
[58] succédere
[59] consoláto
[60] seppellíto
[61] rovína
[62] piázza
[63] tiráto
[64] finéstra
[65] molta difficoltà
[66] scappáre
[67] Siréne
[68] prénder le armi
[69] esercitáre
[70] crudeltà
[71] Egítto
[72] Cipro
[73] sopprímere
[74] strage
[75] mentre
[76] preparársi
[77] scacciato
[78] dato
[79] ammalársi
[80] moríre
[81] Selíno
[82] Elio Adriáno
[83] cugíno
[84] compatriótto
[85] ottenére
[86] favóre
[87] mutábile
[88] natúra
[89] génio
[90] ugualménte
[91] formato
[92] vízio
[93] andáre
[94] província
[95] viaggiáre
[96] mondo
[97] cédere
[98] disegnáre
[99] lasciáre
[100] temúto
[101] rovináre
[102] riedificáre
[103] chiamáre
[104] stabilíre
[105] témpio
[106] situáto
[107] edificáre
[108] onóre
[109] Gióve
[110] irritáre
[111] pigliár l’armi
[112] fare
[113] fúria
[114] condótta
[115] sperimentáto
[116] impiegáre
[117] far veníre
[118] Brettágna
[119] gradualménte
[120] sopprésso
[121] distrútto
[122] innumerábile
[123] moltitúdine
[124] consumáto
[125] fame
[126] peste
[127] fuóco
[128] Palestína
[129] desérto
[130] proibíto
[131] sotto pena di morte
[132] compiángere
[133] miséria
[134] diveníre vécchio
[135] inférmo
[136] figliuólo
[137] adottáre
[138] Árrio Antoníno
[139] cognominato
[140] Pio
[141] con patto
[142] M. Aurélio Antonino
[143] governáre
[144] benignità
[145] sorpassáre
[146] esémpio
[147] maneggiáre
[148] repúbblica
[149] affezióne
[150] tenére
[151] pace
[152] ragióne
[153] comparáto
[154] straniéro
[155] remóto
[156] nazióne
[157] temére
[158] riméttere
[159] decisióne
[160] controvérsia
[161] proibíre
[162] scrutinio
[163] entráre
[164] cospirazióne
[165] vita
[166] género
[167] gioventù
[168] educáto
[169] conoscénza
[170] arte
[171] stúdio
[172] sapiénza
[173] mostrare
[174] condótta
[175] paróla
[176] professióne
[177] princípio
[178] compágno
[179] differénte
[180] inclinazióne
[181] pigro
[182] lussurióso
[183] fastidióso
[184] tenúto
[185] moderazióne
[186] rispétto
[187] mandáto
[188] fare
[189] con buon successo
[190] trionfáre
[191] intrapréndere
[192] spedizióne
[193] márcia
[194] assalíto
[195] apopléssia
[196] Altíno
[197] Vándali
[198] Sarmáti
[199] unírsi
[200] necessità
[201] acqua
[202] soccorsa
[203] legióne
[204] Cristiáno
[205] preghiéra
[206] procuráre
[207] pióggia
[208] ciélo
[209] Eusébio
[210] erário
[211] vuoto
[212] spesa
[213] caricáre
[214] dazio
[215] mise fuori
[216] forniménto
[217] véndere
[218] restituíre
[219] prezzo
[220] compratóre
[221] volére
[222] disfársi
[223] compráto
[224] falso avvíso
[225] morto
[226] usurpáre
[227] govérno
[228] succedúto
[229] malvágio
[230] rassomigliáre
[231] crudeltà
[232] sensualità
[233] avarízia
[234] scandalóso
[235] regoláto
[236] Germáni
[237] parécchi
[238] cospiráto
[239] solére
[240] battérsi
[241] gladiatóre
[242] giuóchi púbblici
[243] infáme
[244] uccíso
[245] arte
[246] amorósa
[247] guárdie del corpo
[248] risolúto
[249] méttere
[250] ammazzáto
[251] Elvio Pertináce
[252] dichiaráto
[253] spacciáto
[254] procuráre
[255] ridúrre
[256] repúbblica
[257] órdine
[258] reprímere
[259] licénza
[260] soldatésca
[261] assassináto
[262] espórre
[263] vendita
[264] componendosi colle
[265] condizioni
[266] accettáto
[267] proclamáto
[268] potere
[269] fornire
[270] donatívo premésso
[271] abbandonáto
[272] órdine
[273] natívo
[274] préndere
[275] pretésto
[276] vendicáre
[277] licenziáre
[278] abbominevole
[279] assassínio
[280] attaccáre
[281] Brettagna
[282] competitóre
[283] vinto
[284] ritirarsi
[285] fuggíre
[286] fiúme Eufráte
[287] preso
[288] presa
[289] prendere
[290] Bisánzio
[291] dichiaráto
[292] assédio
[293] le cose
[294] condótto
[295] pacifico
[296] accomodaménto
[297] Levánte
[298] voltáre
[299] verso l’occidénte
[300] attaccáre
[301] Lióne
[302] Fráncia
[303] canto
[304] lasciáto
[305] possessóre
[306] saccheggiáto
[307] abbrucciáto
[308] testa
[309] mandáto
[310] orríbile
[311] strage
[312] fautóre
[313] amíco
[314] marciáre
[315] verso il levánte
[316] conquistáre
[317] Adiabeniáni
[318] governáre
[319] fidanzáto
[320] nozze
[321] celebráto
[322] impegnáto
[323] cospirazióne
[324] género
[325] partito
[326] intrapréndere
[327] spedizióne
[328] continuáre
[329] fortunáto
[330] tiráre
[331] muro
[332] attravérso
[333] ísola
[334] sicurézza
[335] Antoníno Caracálla
[336] alzáto
[337] differénza
[338] umóre
[339] costúme
[340] perpetuaménte
[341] in lite
[342] benígno
[343] naturale
[344] crudéle
[345] impetuóso
[346] uccídere
[347] madre
[348] seno
[349] partitánte
[350] messo
[351] célebre
[352] giuriconsulto
[353] Papiniáno
[354] giustificáre
[355] parricídio
[356] marciáre
[357] levánte
[358] orríbile
[359] strage
[360] abitánte
[361] burla
[362] attaccare
[363] Artabáno
[364] desoláre
[365] domínio
[366] ucciso
[367] arte
[368] godére
[369] soldáto
[370] succedúto
[371] Antonino Eliogábalo
[372] suppósto
[373] falsaménte
[374] vile
[375] scelleráto
[376] abbandonáto
[377] vizio
[378] soldatésca
[379] M. Aurélio Alessándro
[380] ascéndere
[381] creáto
[382] straordinário
[383] istrútto
[384] arte
[385] pace
[386] comportársi rigorosaménte
[387] giúdice
[388] sevéro
[389] favóre
[390] corruzióne
[391] uscíre
[392] términe
[393] giustízia
[394] bandíre
[395] persóna
[396] adulatóre
[397] buffóne
[398] disdoro
[399] corte
[400] proibíre
[401] véndita
[402] uffízio
[403] compráto
[404] rivendúto
[405] concédere
[406] deputáto
[407] província
[408] móbili
[409] erário
[410] a carico al
[411] fortunáto
[412] sedizióne
[413] Artasérse
[414] il Persiáno
[415] sconfítto
[416] battáglia
[417] rialzáre
[418] scorrería
[419] território
[420] intrapréndere
[421] spedizióne
[422] assassínio
[423] termináre feliceménte
[424] spaventévole
[425] strage
[426] nobilità
[427] Gordiáni
[428] Cartágine
[429] pretendere
[430] comandáto
[431] dichiarársi
[432] persóna
[433] spedíto
[434] assicurársi
[435] commissário
[436] nomináto
[437] governo
[438] affáre
[439] ucciso
[440] Capeliáno Massimíno
[441] Balbíno
[442] Mássimo Pupiéno
[443] venti
[444] commissário
[445] alzáto
[446] assediáre
[447] soldáto
[448] ragázzo
[449] ràgazzo
[450] poi
[451] períre
[452] desideróso
[453] disfársi
[454] grázia
[455] godére
[456] gióvine
[457] straordinário
[458] génio
[459] inclináto
[460] coltiváto
[461] prudenza
[462] sapiente
[463] eloquénte
[464] sposáre
[465] marciáre
[466] testa
[467] ricuperáre
[468] Carréa
[469] Nísibi
[470] rispígnere
[471] paese
[472] seguénte
[473] uccíso
[474] insidia
[475] Filíppo l’Árabo
[476] tumúlto
[477] suscitáre
[478] assisténza
[479] corrótto
[480] luógo
[481] parricída
[482] succédere
[483] giuochi secolári
[484] celebráto
[485] millésimo
[486] finalménte
[487] ammazzáto
[488] regno
[489] nato
[490] basso
[491] corággio
[492] speriénza
[493] succédere
[494] períre
[495] palúde
[496] bárbaro
[497] sconfítta
[498] cagionáto
[499] perfídia
[500] nascostaménte
[501] congiuráre
[502] scelta
[503] soldatésca
[504] preso
[505] compágno
[506] govérno
[507] marciáre
[508] suscitáre
[509] ribellióne
[510] avanzaménto
[511] succedúto
[512] miserabilménte
[513] laceráto
[514] tiránno
[515] sollevársi
[516] luógo
[517] Trebéllio Pollióne
[518] marciáre
[519] Sciti
[520] preso
[521] Calcedónia
[522] abbruciáto
[523] témpio
[524] Efesino
[525] avanzáre
[526] inquietava assai
[527] orientále
[528] frontiere
[529] fare
[530] prigioniéro
[531] trattáre
[532] schiávo
[533] montáre
[534] cavállo
[535] porre
[536] piéde
[537] collo
[538] abbassársi
[539] a questo effétto
[540] fare
[541] scorticáre
[542] saláre
[543] vittória
[544] succédere
[545] Palmiriáni
[546] sposáto
[547] coraggiosaménte
[548] rispígnere
[549] dare il guasto
[550] confíne
[551] Intanto
[552] abbandonáto
[553] lussúria
[554] dissolutézza
[555] lasciáre
[556] laceráre in pezzi
[557] tiránno
[558] presa
[559] recuperaménto
[560] dopo la sconfítta
[561] mandáto
[562] signóre
[563] caténa
[564] vergógna
[565] trionfare
[566] vincere
[567] assassináto
[568] cugíno
[569] moglie
[570] donna
[571] ánimo virile
[572] intrapréndere
[573] Miláno
[574] succédere
[575] frugale
[576] moderáto
[577] serviziévole
[578] uccíso
[579] fortunáto
[580] Goti
[581] uccídere
[582] affondáre
[583] nave
[584] distrútto
[585] Emimónzio
[586] fame
[587] pestilénza
[588] moríre
[589] peste
[590] usurpáre
[591] scegliere
[592] bassa náscita
[593] annoveráto
[594] glorióso
[595] crudéle
[596] soggiogáre
[597] ricevúto
[598] segnaláto
[599] sconfítta
[600] veníre
[601] méttere
[602] senatóre
[603] ampliáre
[604] muro
[605] verso l’oriénte
[606] Tétrico
[607] condúrre
[608] triónfo
[609] Aurélio Vittóre
[610] portáre
[611] diadéma
[612] capo
[613] servírsi
[614] giója
[615] panno
[616] oro
[617] tolto di vita
[618] Nestéo
[619] notáro
[620] secretário
[621] Cenofrúrio
[622] tra
[623] Bisánzio
[624] morte
[625] interrégno
[626] cagionáto
[627] dispúta
[628] scelta
[629] scelto
[630] eccellénte
[631] costúme
[632] capáce
[633] govérno
[634] discéso
[635] istórico
[636] moríre
[637] febbre
[638] succédere
[639] innalzáto
[640] pluralità
[641] si apri le vene a morte
[642] nato
[643] soldáto
[644] intátta probitá
[645] súbito che
[646] fatto
[647] puníre
[648] éssere complíce
[649] marciare
[650] Gállia
[651] ricuperáre
[652] potére
[653] barbáro
[654] ammazzáre
[655] riduzióne
[656] Gállia
[657] Illírico
[658] soggiogáre
[659] chiamáto
[660] Geti
[661] Levánte
[662] attaccáre
[663] Persiáno
[664] sconfítto
[665] preso
[666] uccíso
[667] ritórna
[668] Sírmio
[669] odiáre
[670] severità
[671] succédere
[672] regno
[673] successo
[674] nato
[675] Narbóna
[676] súbito
[677] fare
[678] Césare
[679] mandáto
[680] aver cura
[681] marciáre
[682] Levánte
[683] ridótto
[684] Tesifóne
[685] ammazzato
[686] fúlmine
[687] regnáto
[688] afflítto
[689] contrarre
[690] debolezza
[691] ócchio
[692] piangere
[693] ucciso
[694] arte
[695] suócero
[696] rassomigliáre
[697] colpévole
[698] sorta
[699] scelleratezza
[700] perciò
[701] odióso
[702] stato
[703] gente
[704] tradíto
[705] Margo
[706] ammazzáto
[707] morto
[708] accettáre
[709] pórpora
[710] offérto
[711] bassi parenti
[712] Dalmázia
[713] si dice che
[714] schiávo
[715] Anulino
[716] bravo
[717] pigliáre
[718] giuraménto
[719] Assembléa
[720] éssere cómplíce
[721] uccídere
[722] mano
[723] adempíre
[724] profezía
[725] cignále
[726] ogni volta che
[727] incontráre
[728] solére
[729] trováto
[730] sopprímere
[731] Villano
[732] rivólta
[733] chiamársi
[734] Massimiáno Erculío
[735] mandáre
[736] a questo effétto
[737] seguénte
[738] impadroníto
[739] Brettágna
[740] Egítto
[741] preténdere
[742] Levánte
[743] pronto
[744] attaccáre
[745] desoláto
[746] Quinquegenziáni
[747] spingere
[748] creáre
[749] nato
[750] cognomináto
[751] Armentário
[752] pastóre
[753] dare
[754] accordáre
[755] andáre
[756] preso
[757] assédio
[758] ammazzáto
[759] Alétto
[760] rivólta
[761] ridótto
[762] sconfitto
[763] alteraménte
[764] ricevúto
[765] emendáre
[766] disgrázia
[767] sconfiggere
[768] fare
[769] moglie
[770] sorélla
[771] figliuólo
[772] onorataménte
[773] spléndido
[774] triónfo
[775] rinunziáre
[776] autorità
[777] spontaneaménte
[778] ritirársi
[779] dispósto
[780] autorità
[781] collega
[782] inclinazióne
[783] succédere
[784] Costánzo Cloro
[785] Galério Massimiáno Armentário
[786] proclamáto
[787] nipóte
[788] dichiaráto
[789] spartíre
[790] tenérsi
[791] último
[792] lasciáre
[793] Illírico
[794] Levánte
[795] governatóre
[796] collocáre