English Monastic Life

by Francis Aidan Gasquet

INDEX

Abbot, mode of election of, [44];
confirmation of election of, [47];
installation of, [47];
duties of, [40], [42];
position of, as regarded his community, [48];
position of, in choir, [49];
his seat in cloister, [18]
Abingdon, river tolls at, [81]
Ablutions, morning, [118]
‘Accusations,’ at Chapter, [124]
Aidan, St., Celtic apostle of North of England, [12]
Ailesford Convent, [241]
Aldgate, Christ Church or Holy Trinity, [225]
Alexander III. and the Crutched Friars, [246]
Alien priories, [41], [218]
Almoner, duties and qualifications of the, [90];
presided over the monastic school, [93];
superintended daily Maundy, [92];
had to prepare Mortuary Rolls, [93]
Altar, High, one of the most important parts of the church, [15];
in charge of sacrist, [66];
linen, care of, [67]
Altars, side, [16]
Andrew’s, St., on Cœlian Hill, Benedictine Monastery at, [217]
Anthony, St., founder of Eastern monachism, [3];
details of his system of monachism, [3], [4]
Antiphoner, duties of, [110]
Archivist, [64]
Armarius, [61]
Ascetae, [2]
Ashridge, Convent of Bonshommes at, [249]
Aske, Robert, and schools for girls, and nunneries, [163]
Asperges, [132]
Aspersorium, [132]
Aubrey, John, recollections of, [154];
account of nuns, [177]
Auditorium, [32]
Augustine, St., mission of, [214]
Augustinian Canons, [225];
in Ireland, [226]
Augustinians in Ireland, [226]
Aumbries for towels, [19]
Austin Friars, [241]
Barnstaple Priory, [218]
Basil, St., his Rule, [7], [8]
Baths, arrangement for, [103]
Beaumont, Lord and Lady, [162]
Bec, Abbey of, [186]
Bedtime, hours of, [153]
Bellringers, duties of, [208]
Benedict, St., birth of, [7];
Patriarch of Western Monks, [7], [213];
and the Opus Dei, [13];
his Rule, [8];
the spirit of his Rule, [8]
Benedictines, account of, [213];
English, united into Congregations, [191]
Benefactors, prayed for in Chapter, [127]

Bermondsey Abbey, [218]
Berno, abbot of Gigny, [217]
Bethlemite Friars, [246]
Bishop, relations with regular houses, [180];
and monastic elections, [182];
sometimes invited to appoint superiors, [184];
visited alien priories, [185];
blessing of abbots, [185];
appointed coadjutors to incapable superiors, [188];
privilege accorded to newly elected, [188]
Black Canons, [226]
Blood-letting, process of, [88]
Bodmin Priory, [188]
Bonshommes, The, [249]
Book of Nurture, [166], [167]
Books, repair of, [62]
Boots, night, [101], [112]
Bread for Holy Eucharist, preparation of, [67]
Breakfast, [120]
Breviator, [64], [93];
duties of, [210]
Brewing, [76]
Brief, or Mortuary Roll, [64]
Brief-bearers, duties of, [210]
Bruno, St., and Carthusians, [221]
Brusyard Convent, [238]
Buckland, abbot of, [187]
Butler, Dom, Introduction to “Lausiac History of Palladius,” [3] seqq.
Caldaria, [24]
Camerarius, duties of, [100]
Candle-making, [68];
candle-making at Grace Dieu, [173]
Candles, allowance of, to monks, [69]
Canonici, [222]
Canons, Augustinian, [225];
Black, [226];
Gilbertine, [229];
Premonstratensian, [226];
Regular, [222];
White, [226]
Canterbury, situation of church at, [13]
Cantor, duties of, [58]
Capitulum, or Little Chapter, [123]
Caritas, [79], [138]
Carmelites, account of, [238]
Carrels, in cloister, [20]
Carriers, duties of, [209]
Carrow, visitations of, [178]
Carthusians, description of, [221]
Cassian, Conferences, [7];
follower of Egyptian monachism, [6]
Caterer, duties of, [202]
Cathedral Priories, [40]
Cellarer, duties of, [72]
Cemetery, in charge of sacrist, [68]
Chamberlain, duties of, [100];
assistant, [101]
Chapter, daily, [121];
business conducted in, [126];
faults, [124];
process of, [123];
benefactors prayed for in, [127];
Chapter Mass, [120];
sealing of charters in, [125]
Chapters, General, [190]
‘Charlet,’ [205]
Charters, sealed in Chapter, [125]
Chester, situation of church at, [13]
Choir, position of, [15];
one of most important parts of church, [15];
entrance to from cloister, [15]
Chrodegand, bishop of Metz, [222], [225]
Church, British, Celtic in origin, [11];
situation of in English monasteries, [13];
care of monks for impropriated, [194]
Circas, [56]
Circatores claustri, [56]
Cirencester Abbey, [226]
Cistercians, [218]
Citeaux, and the English houses, [221];
General Chapters at, [190]
Clement IV. and the Austin Friars, [241]
Clement V. suppresses Templars, [233]
Clerkenwell, headquarters of Hospitallers, [230]

Clothing of monks, [100]
Cluniacs, system of government, [217]
Cluny, General Chapters at, [190]
Coadjutors, appointed to help incapable superiors, [188]
Collation, or Reading, [152]
Collectarium, [117]
Collectors, diocesan, often religious superiors, [189]
Columba, St., [10];
Rule of, [214]
Columbanus, St., Rule of, [11]
Commanderies, [230]
Common life, definition of, [5]
Communion of junior monks, [119]
Community, honour shown to, [37]
Compline, [153]
Conferences of Cassian, [7]
Congé d’élire, [44], [183]
Convent seal, custodian of, [64]
Convocation dues, paid by religious houses, [189]
Cook, work of, [25];
duties of monastery, [205];
abbot’s, [202];
cook for fish, [207];
duties of guest-hall, [206];
infirmary, [204], [207];
‘pittance,’ [206]
Co-operation, foreshadowed under monastic tenure, [199], [200]
Council of Lyons and Pied Friars, [242]
Cowick Priory, [186]
Cox, Rev. Dr., [155]
Cressets, [69]
Crossed Friars, [246]
Cruets, cleansing of, [67]
Crutched Friars, [246]
Custodes Ordinis, [122]
“Custodies,” Franciscan, [237]
Custumaria of Glastonbury, [196]
Cuthbert, St., shrine of, [16]
Decorum at table, rules for, [142]
Denney Convent, [238]
Deposition of superiors, [191]
Discarius, duties of, [211]
Discipline, in Chapter, [124]
‘Disport,’ [23]
Dinner, [136];
reading at, [138], [141];
serving at, [139];
feeding of the poor at, [141];
dead monk’s portion and place at, [141]
Dominic, St., [234]
Dominicans, or Black Friars, [234];
at Oxford, [237]
Door-keepers, duties of, [210]
Durham, hour of Vespers at, [149];
Halmote Rolls, [196], [199];
The Rites of, [16], [17], [20], [22], [24], [27], [31], [32], [34];
grace-cup of, [24]
Edingdon, Convent of Bonshommes at, [249]
Education of girls, [162]
Election, of superiors, process of, [183];
formal documents needed in an, [46];
by acclamation, [44];
per compromissum, [44];
per viam scrutinii, [44]
Emptor, [80]
England, early monachism in, [9]
Essenes, their practices, [1]
Euphemia, abbess of Wherwell, [155]
Exemptions of monasteries from episcopal control, [180], [181]
Exennia, [77]
Feet-washing, or Mandatum, [84];
arrangements for weekly, [103]
Felix of Valois, St., founder of Trinitarians, [245]
Ferriby Priory, [233]
Fish-cook, [206]
Franciscan Friars, [237]
Frater-house, [21]
Fraternity, grant of, in Chapter, [126]
Fratry, [21]
Friars, the, [234];
Bethlemite, [246];
Black, [234];
Crossed, or Crutched, [246];
Grey, [237];
of the Holy Trinity, or Trinitarians, [245];
of Our Lady, or de Domina, [245];
of St. Mary de Areno, [242];
Pied, or de Pica, [242];
Preaching, [234];
of the Sack, [241];
White, [238]
‘Frumenty,’ [205]
Gardener, duties of, [209]
General Chapters, [190]
Generale, [151]
Gilbert, St., of Sempringham, [229]
Gilbertine Canons, [229]
Glastonbury, subject to episcopal jurisdiction, [181];
tenants of, [196];
tenure of land by tenants of, [196];
tenants of, at Christmas, [198]
Goldstone, Thos., prior of Canterbury, [35]
Gospel at Matins, ceremonies connected with, [114]
Grace, at meals: before, [138];
after, [143]
Grace-cup of Durham, [24]
Grace-Dieu, nuns of in 1539, [159];
list of nuns of in 1414, [163];
candle-making at, [173];
chaplain of, [164];
clothing of nuns and retainers of, [169], [170];
commissariat at, [165], [166];
confessors of, [164];
repairs at, [172];
retainers of, [168];
salting at, [174];
visitors at, [163];
wages and work at, [170]
Gradual Psalms, recitation of, [112]
Granatorius, duties of, [76]
Grandisson, bishop of Exeter, [186];
relations with Tavistock Abbey, [187]
Gregory the Great, St., and Benedictine Rule, [214]
Gregory X. suppresses many minor Orders of Friars, [242]
Grey Friars, [237]
Guests, St. Benedict’s directions about, [98];
reception of, [97];
care of guest-house, [96];
guest-master, duties and qualifications of, [95]
Gyrovagi, [8]
Halmote Rolls of Durham, [196], [199]
Hampshire, Victoria History of, [155]
Harding, St. Stephen, [218]
Hebdomadarian, duties of, [109];
at Matins, [113]
Henry V. and the Carthusians, [222]
Herbarium, [29]
Herbert, prior of Bury, [53]
Hinton Charterhouse, [222]
Honoratus, founder of Lerins, [7]
Honorius III. confirms Carmelite Rule, [241];
and the Dominicans, [234]
Hospitality, duration of, [32]
Hospitallers, Knights, [230]
Hostellary, or Hostry, [30]
Hunte, Thos., and his daughters, [162]
Impropriation of churches, [193];
consent of Holy See required for, [193]
Individualism, characteristic of Eastern monachism, [5]
Infirmarian, duties and qualification of, [85]
Infirmary, cook for, [207];
rules to be observed in, [86]
Innocent III. and the Franciscans, [237];
confirms Order of Trinitarians, [245]
Innocent IV. approves Carmelite Rule, [241]
Iona, type of Celtic monachism, [12]
Ireland, Augustinians in, [226]
‘Jacobins,’ [234]
Jerome, St., translates Rule of St. Pachomius, [7]
Jessop, Dr., and Episcopal Visitations, [178]
Jocelin of Brakelond, [53]
Juniors, Communion of, [119]
‘Jussel,’ [205]

Katherine, Dame, nun of Carrow, [178]
Kington St. Michael, nuns of St. Mary’s at, [177]
‘Kirkset,’ [197]
Kitchen, position of, [23];
furniture of, [24]
Kitchener, duties and qualifications of, [79];
character of, [82];
to be careful about keys, [83]
Labour, manual, [148]
Ladye Mass, [120]
Langesper, Wm., and the Carthusians, [222]
Larderer, [82];
duties and qualifications of, [203]
Lauds, time of, [116];
ceremonies connected with, [116]
Laundresses, [101], [212]
Lavatory, position of, [19];
in charge of refectorian, [78]
‘Laveroc,’ [197]
Lazarus of Jerusalem, Order of, [230]
Lectern, position of, [15]
Lenton Priory, an exempt house, [181]
Lerins, Monastery of, [6]
Lessons, reading of, at Matins, [114]
‘Letborry,’ [205]
Lewes Priory, [218];
exempt house, [181]
Librarian, [61]
Lighting arrangements of a monastery, [68]
Lindisfarne, [12]
Lisca, [67]
Lisle, Ambrose Phillipps de, [158]
Locutorium, [32]
‘Loft,’ [23]
Lyons, Council of, and Pied Friars, [242]
Majestas, [22], [27], [123], [138]
Mandatum, or feet-washing, [84]
Manual labour, [148]
Margaret, Dame, nun of Carrow, [178]
Marten, Dame Anne, nun of Carrow, [178]
Martin of Tours, St., founder of monachism in Gaul, [6]
Martyrology, reading of, [122]
Mary, St., de Areno, Friars of, [242]
Mass, Ladye, [120];
Morning, or Chapter, [120];
High or Conventual, [131];
ceremonies at High, [135]
Masses, private, [118]
Master of Works, [70]
Matha, St. John of, founder of Trinitarians, [245]
Matins, [111];
order of, [112]
Matricularius, [70]
Maturines, or Trinitarians, [245]
Maud, abbess of Wherwell, [155]
Maud, Queen, [225]
Maundy, daily, superintended by almoner, [92]
Mensa Major, [22]
Mentmore, Michael de, abbot of St. Alban’s, [35]
Midelton, Dame Katherine, sub-cellarer of Grace-Dieu, [158] seqq.
Military Orders, [230]
Minister Major, title of, [246]
Minoresses, [238]
Minorites, [237]
‘Misericord,’ [23]
Missa familiaris, [118]
Mixtum, or breakfast, [120]
Monachism:
Celtic, in England, [9];
similar to that of Egypt, [9];
peculiarity of, [10];
idea of Eastern, [3];
Individualism, characteristic of Eastern, [5]
Monasteries, dependent, [41]
Monastery:
its rulers, [37];
blessing of, with holy water, [133];
parts of:
I., Church, [13];
II., Cloisters, [17];
III., Refectory, [21];
IV., Kitchen, [24];
V., Chapter-house, [27];
VI., Dormitory, [27];
VII., Infirmary, [28];
VIII., Guesthouse, [30];
IX., Parlour or Locutorium, [32];
X., Almonry, [33];
XI., Common-room or Calefactory, [33];
XII., Library, [34]
Monastic life, origin of, [1]
Monasticon, Dugdale’s, [245]
Monte Cassino, Benedictines at, [213];
destroyed by Lombards, [214]
‘Mortrews,’ [205]
Mortuary Roll, [64];
preparation of, duty of almoner, [93]
Mount St. Bernard’s Abbey, [158]
Music, instructor of, [61]
Mustardarius, duties of, [208]
Nicke, Bishop, visitation of in 1514, [178]
Norwich, Episcopal Visitations of the Diocese of (edited by Dr. Jessop), [178];
Pied Friars at, [242]
Novice-master, duties and qualifications of, [105];
his seat in the Cloister, [18]
Novices, [21];
reception of, [106];
training of, [106];
profession of, [108]
Nunnaminster, girls’ school at, [177]
Nuns, account of, [154] seqq.;
account of by John Aubrey, [154], [177]
Obedientiaries, [58]
‘Observants,’ [237]
Officials, weekly, [109]
Opus Dei, [13]
Orders, Military, [230]
‘Oriel,’ [23]
O Sapientia, [34]
Oxford, Dominicans at, [237]
Pachomius, St., founder of a monastery, [3];
details of his system of monachism, [4], [5]
Palladius, Lausiac History of, [3]
Paris, Matthew, [246], [249]
Parliament, abbots and priors in, [195];
monastic, [128]
Penance, Brethren of, [241];
use of Sacrament of, [118]
Penitentia, Friars de, [241]
Peter the Venerable, abbot of Cluny, [221]
Petronilla, Dame, cellarer of Grace-Dieu, [158] seqq.
Pied Friars, [242]
Pilgrimage of Grace, and the Convents, [163]
Pittance, [151];
pittance-cook, [206]
Pocket-money for monks, [105]
Poor Clares, [238]
Pork, as food, [160]
Porter of monastery, [19]
Precentor, duties of, [58];
librarian, [61];
archivist, [64];
one of custodians of Convent Seal, [64];
instructor of music, [61]
Preceptories, [230], [233]
Premonstratensian Canons, [226]
Prémontré, Abbey of, [226];
General Chapters at, [190]
Prime, time of, [117]
Prior, Claustral, appointment and duties, [52], [54];
qualifications of, [53];
his seat in Cloisters, [18]
Pro-aula, [30]
Procession, Sunday, [133]
Procurations, contributed to, by religious houses, [189]
Provincial Synods, regular clergy represented at, [190]
Pudding-house, [211];
pudding-wives, duties of, [75], [211]
Rasura, [104]
Reader in refectory, duties of, [110]

Reading, Lenten, [62];
books for, during meals, [63];
preparation for public, [63]
‘Recollects,’ [237]
Recreation, [144-146]
Rectory and Vicarage, distinction between, [194]
Redman, Richard, bishop and abbot, [226]
Refectorian, duties of, [77];
had charge of lavatory, [78];
sampled cheeses, [79]
Refectory, position of, [19], [21]
Reigate Convent, [246]
Rentalia of Glastonbury, [196]
Repairs, arrangements for, [101]
Repose after dinner, [147]
Rere-dortor, [28]
Revestiarius, [70];
duties of, [71]
Reyner, Clement, [246]
Rites of Durham, The, [16], [17], [20], [22], [24], [27], [31], [32], [34]
Robert, St., of Molesmes, [218]
Rods for discipline, to be found by almoner, [93]
Rubricators, [63]
Rupibus, Peter de, bishop of Winchester, [234]
Sack, Friars of the, [241]
Sacrist, duties of, [66];
qualifications of, [70];
looked after cemetery, [68];
looked after lighting, [68]
Salter, duties of, [208]
Salting winter provisions, [174]
Sampson, abbot of Bury, [53]
Sarabites, [8]
School, monastic, [93]
Scot-ales, [198]
Scribes, [63]
Scylla, [22]
Seal, custodian of Convent, [64]
‘Second Table,’ [144]
Secretary, duties of, [70], [71]
Sellying, Wm., prior of Canterbury, [35]
Sepulchre, Canons of the Holy, [245]
‘Sergeant’s hill,’ [208]
Sergius, St., Abbey of, [186]
Servants, paid, [201];
under the cellarer, [73]
Servers, weekly duties of, in kitchen, [83];
in the refectory, [110];
in the church, [208]
Shap Abbey, [229]
Shaving, arrangements for, [103];
process of, a religious act, [104]
Shene Charterhouse, [222]
Somerset Record Society, [196]
‘Spane,’ [23]
Stalls, choir, position of, [15]
Statio, [121]
Stoics, their teaching, [1]
Stonesgate Priory, [218]
Subiaco, foundation of St. Benedict at, [213]
Sub-cellarer, duties and qualifications of, [75]
Sub-prior, appointment and duties of, [55]
Succentor, duties of, [59], [65]
Superiors, position of, in choir, [16]
Supper, [150]
Surtees Society, [196]
Symbolism in church-building, [14]
Synods, Provincial, regular clergy represented at, [190]
Tabula, signal for talking, [128];
sonatila, [128]
Tabulae, [63]
‘Table, Second,’ [144]
Tailoring, [102]
Tanning, instance of, [169]
Tavistock Abbey, Bishop Grandisson and, [187]
Templars, Knights, [233]
Temple, London, [233];
Master of the, [233]

Tenants, monastic, [196]
Thetford, visitation of, in 1514, [178]
Tierce, when said, [121]
Towels, aumbries for, [19];
provision of, [103];
to be often changed, [78]
Treasurer, [70];
duties of, [72]
Trinitarians, [245]
Turnbroach, [204];
duties of, [211]
Tywardreath Priory, [186]
University training for monks, [192]
Uprising, time for, [111]
Valet, abbot’s, [203]
Verdon, Lady Rohesia de, [158]
Vergil, Polydore, [249]
Vespers, [149]
Vicarage and Rectory, distinction between, [194]
Visitations, injunctions and monitions at, [188]
Vitelers, [82]
Waltham Cross Abbey, [226]
‘Wardenships,’ Franciscan, [237]
Washing, in the morning, [118]
Watchen, abbot of Abingdon, [81]
Water, Holy, blessing of, [132];
sprinkled, before monks retired to bed, [153]
Waterbeche Convent, [238]
Welbeck Abbey, [226]
Wessington, prior of Durham, [35]
Whethamstede, Abbot, [35]
Wherwell, nunnery of, [155]
White Canons, [226];
White Friars, [238]
‘White Ladies’ of Grace-Dieu, [162]
William, Earl of Warren, [218]
Work, daily, [147];
workrooms, [36]
York, St. Mary’s Abbey, subject to episcopal jurisdiction, [181]

PLYMOUTH

WILLIAM BRENDON AND SON
PRINTERS

---

Footnotes:

[1] Texts and Studies, Cambridge, vol. vi., No. 1, p. 233.

[2] Ibid.

[3] Ibid., p. 234.

[4] Ibid., p. 235.

[5] Ibid., p. 236.

[6] Ibid., p. 247.

[7] Ibid., p. 256.

[8] The Celtic Church of Wales, J. J. Willis Bund, p. 166.

[9] A preceptory of Knights of St. Lazarus, temp. Edw. III.

[10] For London, see also Clerkenwell and Haliwell.