SNARLED YARN.
20. How snarled yarn is made. By spinners not finding the end and breaking a thread on the bobbin to piece up by. By having the taper shorter on top of the bobbin than on the bottom, so when the doffers take the full bobbins off, the thread pulls over the top and snarls. To avoid the above, lower the arm where it is attached to the frame, (the arm that the heart rider is attached to). About one-quarter of an inch will be enough. You want the taper longer at the top than at the bottom.
LAP WASTE.
21. How to avoid making lap waste in spinning room. By keeping spinners where their work is, and by not giving spinners any more work than they can keep up. By having good doffers and good starters. If doffers and starters are not good they will make more waste than their wages will come to. Doffers should wind the thread four times around the bobbin. Starters should not wind on to bobbins when there is yarn on to piece up by.