FOOTNOTES:
[ [350] Tonty, Mémoire.
[ [351] Two causes have contributed to detract, most unjustly, from Tonty's reputation,—the publication, under his name, but without his authority, of a perverted account of the enterprises in which he took part; and the confounding him with his brother, Alphonse de Tonty, who long commanded at Detroit, where charges of peculation were brought against him. There are very few names in French-American history mentioned with such unanimity of praise as that of Henri de Tonty. Hennepin finds some fault with him; but his censure is commendation. The despatches of the governor, Denonville, speak in strong terms of his services in the Iroquois war, praise his character, and declare that he is fit for any bold enterprise, adding that he deserves reward from the King. The missionary, St. Cosme, who travelled under his escort in 1699, says of him: "He is beloved by all the voyageurs.... It was with deep regret that we parted from him: ... he is the man who best knows the country; ... he is loved and feared everywhere.... Your grace will, I doubt not, take pleasure in acknowledging the obligations we owe him."
Tonty held the commission of captain; but, by a memoir which he addressed to Ponchartrain in 1690, it appears that he had never received any pay. Count Frontenac certifies the truth of the statement, and adds a recommendation of the writer. In consequence, probably, of this, the proprietorship of Fort St. Louis of the Illinois was granted in the same year to Tonty, jointly with La Forest, formerly La Salle's lieutenant. Here they carried on a trade in furs. In 1699, a royal declaration was launched against the coureurs de bois; but an express provision was added in favor of Tonty and La Forest, who were empowered to send up the country yearly two canoes, with twelve men, for the maintenance of this fort. With such a limitation, this fort and the trade carried on at it must have been very small. In 1702, we find a royal order, to the effect that La Forest is henceforth to reside in Canada, and Tonty on the Mississippi; and that the establishment at the Illinois is to be discontinued. In the same year, Tonty joined D'Iberville in Lower Louisiana, and was sent by that officer from Mobile to secure the Chickasaws in the French interest. His subsequent career and the time of his death do not appear. He seems never to have received the reward which his great merit deserved. Those intimate with the late lamented Dr. Sparks will remember his often-expressed wish that justice should be done to the memory of Tonty.
Fort St. Louis of the Illinois was afterwards reoccupied by the French. In 1718, a number of them, chiefly traders, were living here; but three years later it was again deserted, and Charlevoix, passing the spot, saw only the remains of its palisades.
[ [352] Fort St. Louis of Texas is not to be confounded with Fort St. Louis of the Illinois.
[ [353] After crossing the Del Norte, they crossed in turn the Upper Nueces, the Hondo (Rio Frio), the De Leon (San Antonio), and the Guadalupe, and then, turning southward, descended to the Bay of St. Bernard.... Manuscript map of "Route que firent les Espagnols, pour venir enlever les Français restez à la Baye St. Bernard ou St. Louis, après la perte du vaisseau de Mr. de la Salle en 1689." (Margry's collection.)
[ [354] May 1st. The Spaniards reached the fort April 22.
[ [355] This is the first instance in which the name occurs. In a letter written by a member of De Leon's party, the Texan Indians are mentioned several times. (See Coleccion de Varios Documentos, 25.) They are described as an agricultural tribe, and were, to all appearance, identical with the Cenis. The name Tejas, or Texas, was first applied as a local designation to a spot on the river Neches, in the Cenis territory, whence it extended to the whole country. (See Yoakum, History of Texas, 52.)
[ [356] Derrotero de la Jornada que hizo el General Alonso de Leon para el descubrimiento de la Bahia del Espíritu Santo, y poblacion de Franceses. Ano de 1689.—This is the official journal of the expedition, signed by Alonzo de Leon. I am indebted to Colonel Thomas Aspinwall for the opportunity of examining it. The name of Espiritu Santo was, as before mentioned, given by the Spaniards to St. Louis, or Matagorda Bay, as well as to two other bays of the Gulf of Mexico.
Carta en que se da noticia de un viaje hecho à la Bahia de Espíritu Santo y de la poblacion que tenian ahi los Franceses. Coleccion de Varios Documentos para la Historia de la Florida, 25.—This is a letter from a person accompanying the expedition of De Leon. It is dated May 18, 1689, and agrees closely with the journal cited above, though evidently by another hand. Compare Barcia, Ensayo Cronologico, 294. Barcia's story has been doubted; but these authentic documents prove the correctness of his principal statements, though on minor points he seems to have indulged his fancy.
The Viceroy of New Spain, in a report to the King, 1690, says that, in order to keep the Texas and other Indians of that region in obedience to his Majesty, he has resolved to establish eight missions among them. He adds that he has appointed as governor, or commander, in that province, Don Domingo Teran de los Rios, who will make a thorough exploration of it, carry out what De Leon has begun; prevent the further intrusion of foreigners like La Salle, and go in pursuit of the remnant of the French, who are said still to remain among the tribes of Red River. I owe this document to the kindness of Mr. Buckingham Smith.
[ [357] Mémoire sur lequel on a interrogé les deux Canadiens [Pierre et Jean Baptiste Talon] qui sont soldats dans la Compagnie de Feuguerolles. A Brest, 14 Février, 1698.
Interrogations faites à Pierre et Jean Baptiste Talon à leur arrivée de la Veracrux.—This paper, which differs in some of its details from the preceding, was sent by D'Iberville, the founder of Louisiana, to Abbé Cavelier. Appended to it is a letter from D'Iberville, written in May, 1704, in which he confirms the chief statements of the Talons, by information obtained by him from a Spanish officer at Pensacola.
APPENDIX.
I.
EARLY UNPUBLISHED MAPS OF THE MISSISSIPPI AND THE GREAT LAKES.
Most of the maps described below are to be found in the Dépôt des Cartes de la Marine et des Colonies, at Paris. Taken together, they exhibit the progress of western discovery, and illustrate the records of the explorers.
1. The map of Galinée, 1670, has a double title,—Carte du Canada et des Terres découvertes vers le lac Derié, and Carte du Lac Ontario et des habitations qui l'environnent ensemble le pays que Messrs. Dolier et Galinée, missionnaires du seminaire de St. Sulpice, ont parcouru. It professes to represent only the country actually visited by the two missionaries. Beginning with Montreal, it gives the course of the Upper St. Lawrence and the shores of Lake Ontario, the river Niagara, the north shore of Lake Erie, the Strait of Detroit, and the eastern and northern shores of Lake Huron. Galinée did not know the existence of the peninsula of Michigan, and merges Lakes Huron and Michigan into one, under the name of "Michigané, ou Mer Douce des Hurons." He was also entirely ignorant of the south shore of Lake Erie. He represents the outlet of Lake Superior as far as the Saut Ste. Marie, and lays down the river Ottawa in great detail, having descended it on his return. The Falls of the Genesee are indicated, as also the Falls of Niagara, with the inscription, "Sault qui tombe au rapport des sauvages de plus de 200 pieds de haut." Had the Jesuits been disposed to aid him, they could have given him much additional information, and corrected his most serious errors; as, for example, the omission of the peninsula of Michigan. The first attempt to map out the Great Lakes was that of Champlain, in 1632. This of Galinée may be called the second.
2. The map of Lake Superior, published in the Jesuit Relation of 1670, 1671, was made at about the same time with Galinée's map. Lake Superior is here styled "Lac Tracy, ou Supérieur." Though not so exact as it has been represented, this map indicates that the Jesuits had explored every part of this fresh-water ocean, and that they had a thorough knowledge of the straits connecting the three Upper Lakes, and of the adjacent bays, inlets, and shores. The peninsula of Michigan, ignored by Galinée, is represented in its proper place.
3. Three years or more after Galinée made the map mentioned above, another, indicating a greatly increased knowledge of the country, was made by some person whose name does not appear. This map, which is somewhat more than four feet long and about two feet and a half wide, has no title. All the Great Lakes, through their entire extent, are laid down on it with considerable accuracy. Lake Ontario is called "Lac Ontario, ou de Frontenac." Fort Frontenac is indicated, as well as the Iroquois colonies of the north shore. Niagara is "Chute haute de 120 toises par où le Lac Erié tombe dans le Lac Frontenac." Lake Erie is "Lac Teiocha-rontiong, dit communément Lac Erié." Lake St. Clair is "Tsiketo, ou Lac de la Chaudière." Lake Huron is "Lac Huron, ou Mer Douce des Hurons." Lake Superior is "Lac Supérieur." Lake Michigan is "Lac Mitchiganong, ou des Illinois." On Lake Michigan, immediately opposite the site of Chicago, are written the words, of which the following is the literal translation: "The largest vessels can come to this place from the outlet of Lake Erie, where it discharges into Lake Frontenac [Ontario]; and from this marsh into which they can enter there is only a distance of a thousand paces to the River La Divine [Des Plaines], which can lead them to the River Colbert [Mississippi], and thence to the Gulf of Mexico." This map was evidently made after that voyage of La Salle in which he discovered the Illinois, or at least the Des Plaines branch of it. The Ohio is laid down with the inscription, "River Ohio, so called by the Iroquois on account of its beauty, which the Sieur de la Salle descended." (Ante, 32, note.)
4. We now come to the map of Marquette, which is a rude sketch of a portion of Lakes Superior and Michigan, and of the route pursued by him and Joliet up the Fox River of Green Bay, down the Wisconsin, and thence down the Mississippi as far as the Arkansas. The river Illinois is also laid down, as it was by this course that he returned to Lake Michigan after his memorable voyage. He gives no name to the Wisconsin. The Mississippi is called "Rivière de la Conception;" the Missouri, the Pekitanoui; and the Ohio, the Ouabouskiaou, though La Salle, its discoverer, had previously given it its present name, borrowed from the Iroquois. The Illinois is nameless, like the Wisconsin. At the mouth of a river, perhaps the Des Moines, Marquette places the three villages of the Peoria Indians visited by him. These, with the Kaskaskias, Maroas, and others, on the map, were merely sub-tribes of the aggregation of savages known as the Illinois. On or near the Missouri he places the Ouchage (Osages), the Oumessourit (Missouris), the Kansa (Kanzas), the Paniassa (Pawnees), the Maha (Omahas), and the Pahoutet (Pah-Utahs?). The names of many other tribes, "esloignées dans les terres," are also given along the course of the Arkansas, a river which is nameless on the map. Most of these tribes are now indistinguishable. This map has recently been engraved and published.
5. Not long after Marquette's return from the Mississippi, another map was made by the Jesuits, with the following title: Carte de la nouvelle decouverte que les peres Iesuites ont fait en l'année 1672, et continuée par le P. Iacques Marquette de la mesme Compagnie accompagné de quelques françois en l'année 1673, qu'on pourra nommer en françois la Manitoumie. This title is very elaborately decorated with figures drawn with a pen, and representing Jesuits instructing Indians. The map is the same published by Thevenot, not without considerable variations, in 1681. It represents the Mississippi from a little above the Wisconsin to the Gulf of Mexico, the part below the Arkansas being drawn from conjecture. The river is named "Mitchisipi, ou grande Rivière." The Wisconsin, the Illinois, the Ohio, the Des Moines(?), the Missouri, and the Arkansas are all represented, but in a very rude manner. Marquette's route, in going and returning, is marked by lines; but the return route is incorrect. The whole map is so crude and careless, and based on information so inexact, that it is of little interest.
6. The Jesuits made also another map, without title, of the four Upper Lakes and the Mississippi to a little below the Arkansas. The Mississippi is called "Riuiere Colbert." The map is remarkable as including the earliest representation of the Upper Mississippi, based, perhaps, on the reports of Indians. The Falls of St. Anthony are indicated by the word "Saut." It is possible that the map may be of later date than at first appears, and that it may have been drawn in the interval between the return of Hennepin from the Upper Mississippi and that of La Salle from his discovery of the mouth of the river. The various temporary and permanent stations of the Jesuits are marked by crosses.
7. Of far greater interest is the small map of Louis Joliet made and presented to Count Frontenac after the discoverer's return from the Mississippi. It is entitled Carte de la decouverte du Sr. Jolliet ou l'on voit La Communication du fleuve St. Laurens avec les lacs frontenac, Erié, Lac des Hurons et Ilinois. Then succeeds the following, written in the same antiquated French, as if it were a part of the title: "Lake Frontenac [Ontario] is separated by a fall of half a league from Lake Erié, from which one enters that of the Hurons, and by the same navigation, into that of the Illinois [Michigan], from the head of which one crosses to the Divine River [Rivière Divine; i. e., the Des Plaines branch of the river Illinois], by a portage of a thousand paces. This river falls into the river Colbert [Mississippi], which discharges itself into the Gulf of Mexico." A part of this map is based on the Jesuit map of Lake Superior, the legends being here for the most part identical, though the shape of the lake is better given by Joliet. The Mississippi, or "Riuiere Colbert," is made to flow from three lakes in latitude 47°; and it ends in latitude 37°, a little below the mouth of the Ohio, the rest being apparently cut off to make room for Joliet's letter to Frontenac (ante, 76), which is written on the lower part of the map. The valley of the Mississippi is called on the map "Colbertie, ou Amerique Occidentale." The Missouri is represented without name, and against it is a legend, of which the following is the literal translation: "By one of these great rivers which come from the west and discharge themselves into the river Colbert, one will find a way to enter the Vermilion Sea (Gulf of California). I have seen a village which was not more than twenty days' journey by land from a nation which has commerce with those of California. If I had come two days sooner, I should have spoken with those who had come from thence, and had brought four hatchets as a present." The Ohio has no name, but a legend over it states that La Salle had descended it. (See ante, 32, note).
8. Joliet, at about the same time, made another map, larger than that just mentioned, but not essentially different. The letter to Frontenac is written upon both. There is a third map, of which the following is the title: Carte generalle de la France septentrionale contenant la descouuerte du pays des Illinois, faite par le Sr. Jolliet. This map, which is inscribed with a dedication by the Intendant Duchesneau to the minister Colbert, was made some time after the voyage of Joliet and Marquette. It is an elaborate piece of work, but very inaccurate. It represents the continent from Hudson's Strait to Mexico and California, with the whole of the Atlantic and a part of the Pacific coast. An open sea is made to extend from Hudson's Strait westward to the Pacific. The St. Lawrence and all the Great Lakes are laid down with tolerable correctness, as also is the Gulf of Mexico. The Mississippi, called "Messasipi," flows into the Gulf, from which it extends northward nearly to the "Mer du Nord." Along its course, above the Wisconsin, which is called "Miskous," is a long list of Indian tribes, most of which cannot now be recognized, though several are clearly sub-tribes of the Sioux. The Ohio is called "Ouaboustikou." The whole map is decorated with numerous figures of animals, natives of the country, or supposed to be so. Among them are camels, ostriches, and a giraffe, which are placed on the plains west of the Mississippi. But the most curious figure is that which represents one of the monsters seen by Joliet and Marquette, painted on a rock by the Indians. It corresponds with Marquette's description (ante, 68). This map, which is an early effort of the engineer Franquelin, does more credit to his skill as a designer than to his geographical knowledge, which appears in some respects behind his time.
9. Carte de l'Amérique Septentrionale depuis l'embouchure de la Rivière St. Laurens jusques au Sein Mexique. On this curious little map, the Mississippi is called "Riuiere Buade" (the family name of Frontenac); and the neighboring country is "La Frontenacie." The Illinois is "Riuiere de la Diuine ou Loutrelaise," and the Arkansas is "Riuiere Bazire." The Mississippi is made to head in three lakes, and to discharge itself into "B. du S. Esprit" (Mobile Bay). Some of the legends and the orthography of various Indian names are clearly borrowed from Marquette. This map appears to be the work of Raudin, Frontenac's engineer. I owe a tracing of it to the kindness of Henry Harrisse, Esq.
10. Carte des Parties les plus occidentales du Canada, par le Père Pierre Raffeix, S. J. This rude map shows the course of Du Lhut from the head of Lake Superior to the Mississippi, and partly confirms the story of Hennepin, who, Raffeix says in a note, was rescued by Du Lhut. The course of Joliet and Marquette is given, with the legend "Voyage et première descouverte du Mississipy faite par le P. Marquette et Mr. Joliet en 1672." The route of La Salle in 1679, 1680, is also laid down.
11. In the Dépôt des Cartes de la Marine is another map of the Upper Mississippi, which seems to have been made by or for Du Lhut. Lac Buade, the "Issatis," the "Tintons," the "Houelbatons," the "Poualacs," and other tribes of this region appear upon it. This is the map numbered 208 in the Cartographie of Harrisse.
12. Another map deserving mention is a large and fine one, entitled Carte de l'Amérique Septentrionale et partie de la Meridionale ... avec les nouvelles découvertes de la Rivière Missisipi, ou Colbert. It appears to have been made in 1682 or 1683, before the descent of La Salle to the mouth of the Mississippi was known to the maker, who seems to have been Franquelin. The lower Mississippi is omitted, but its upper portions are elaborately laid down; and the name La Louisiane appears in large gold letters along its west side. The Falls of St. Anthony are shown, and above them is written "Armes du Roy gravées sur cet arbre l'an 1679." This refers to the acte de prise de possession of Du Lhut in July of that year, and this part of the map seems made from data supplied by him.
13. We now come to the great map of Franquelin, the most remarkable of all the early maps of the interior of North America, though hitherto completely ignored by both American and Canadian writers. It is entitled Carte de la Louisiane ou des Voyages du Sr. de la Salle et des pays qu'il a découverts depuis la Nouvelle France jusqu'au Golfe Mexique les années 1679, [80], 81, et 82, par Jean Baptiste Louis Franquelin, l'an 1684. Paris. Franquelin was a young engineer, who held the post of hydrographer to the King, at Quebec, in which Joliet succeeded him. Several of his maps are preserved, including one made in 1681, in which he lays down the course of the Mississippi,—the lower part from conjecture,—making it discharge itself into Mobile Bay. It appears from a letter of the governor, La Barre, that Franquelin was at Quebec in 1683, engaged on a map which was probably that of which the title is given above, though had La Barre known that it was to be called a map of the journeys of his victim La Salle, he would have been more sparing of his praises. "He" (Franquelin), writes the governor, "is as skilful as any in France, but extremely poor and in need of a little aid from his Majesty as an Engineer; he is at work on a very correct map of the country, which I shall send you next year in his name; meanwhile, I shall support him with some little assistance."—Colonial Documents of New York, IX. 205.
The map is very elaborately executed, and is six feet long and four and a half wide. It exhibits the political divisions of the continent, as the French then understood them; that is to say, all the regions drained by streams flowing into the St. Lawrence and the Mississippi are claimed as belonging to France, and this vast domain is separated into two grand divisions, La Nouvelle France and La Louisiane. The boundary line of the former, New France, is drawn from the Penobscot to the southern extremity of Lake Champlain, and thence to the Mohawk, which it crosses a little above Schenectady, in order to make French subjects of the Mohawk Indians. Thence it passes by the sources of the Susquehanna and the Alleghany, along the southern shore of Lake Erie, across Southern Michigan, and by the head of Lake Michigan, whence it sweeps northwestward to the sources of the Mississippi. Louisiana includes the entire valley of the Mississippi and the Ohio, besides the whole of Texas. The Spanish province of Florida comprises the peninsula and the country east of the Bay of Mobile, drained by streams flowing into the Gulf; while Carolina, Virginia, and the other English provinces, form a narrow strip between the Alleghanies and the Atlantic.
The Mississippi is called "Missisipi, ou Rivière Colbert;" the Missouri, "Grande Rivière des Emissourittes, ou Missourits;" the Illinois, "Rivière des Ilinois, ou Macopins;" the Ohio, which La Salle had before called by its present name, "Fleuve St. Louis, ou Chucagoa, ou Casquinampogamou;" one of its principal branches is "Ohio, ou Olighin" (Alleghany); the Arkansas, "Rivière des Acansea;" the Red River, "Rivière Seignelay," a name which had once been given to the Illinois. Many smaller streams are designated by names which have been entirely forgotten.
The nomenclature differs materially from that of Coronelli's map, published four years later. Here the whole of the French territory is laid down as "Canada, ou La Nouvelle France," of which "La Louisiane" forms an integral part. The map of Homannus, like that of Franquelin, makes two distinct provinces, of which one is styled "Canada" and the other "La Louisiane," the latter including Michigan and the greater part of New York. Franquelin gives the shape of Hudson's Bay, and of all the Great Lakes, with remarkable accuracy. He makes the Mississippi bend much too far to the West. The peculiar sinuosities of its course are indicated; and some of its bends—as, for example, that at New Orleans—are easily recognized. Its mouths are represented with great minuteness; and it may be inferred from the map that, since La Salle's time, they have advanced considerably into the sea.
Perhaps the most interesting feature in Franquelin's map is his sketch of La Salle's evanescent colony on the Illinois, engraved for this volume. He reproduced the map in 1688, for presentation to the King, with the title Carte de l'Amérique Septentrionale, depuis le 25 jusq'au 65 degré de latitude et environ 140 et 235 degrés de longitude, etc. In this map, Franquelin corrects various errors in that which preceded. One of these corrections consists in the removal of a branch of the river Illinois which he had marked on his first map,—as will be seen by referring to the portion of it in this book,—but which does not in fact exist. On this second map, La Salle's colony appears in much diminished proportions, his Indian settlements having in good measure dispersed.
Two later maps of New France and Louisiana, both bearing Franquelin's name, are preserved in the Dépôt des Cartes de la Marine, as well as a number of smaller maps and sketches, also by him. They all have more or less of the features of the great map of 1684, which surpasses them all in interest and completeness.
The remarkable manuscript map of the Upper Mississippi by Le Sueur belongs to a period later than the close of this narrative.
These various maps, joined to contemporary documents, show that the Valley of the Mississippi received, at an early date, the several names of Manitoumie, Frontenacie, Colbertie, and La Louisiane. This last name, which it long retained, is due to La Salle. The first use of it which I have observed is in a conveyance of the Island of Belleisle made by him to his lieutenant, La Forest, in 1679.
II.
THE ELDORADO OF MATHIEU SÂGEAN.
Father Hennepin had among his contemporaries two rivals in the fabrication of new discoveries. The first was the noted La Hontan, whose book, like his own, had a wide circulation and proved a great success. La Hontan had seen much, and portions of his story have a substantial value; but his account of his pretended voyage up the "Long River" is a sheer fabrication. His "Long River" corresponds in position with the St. Peter, but it corresponds in nothing else; and the populous nations whom he found on it—the Eokoros, the Esanapes, and the Gnacsitares, no less than their neighbors the Mozeemlek and the Tahuglauk—are as real as the nations visited by Captain Gulliver. But La Hontan did not, like Hennepin, add slander and plagiarism to mendacity, or seek to appropriate to himself the credit of genuine discoveries made by others.
Mathieu Sâgean is a personage less known than Hennepin or La Hontan; for though he surpassed them both in fertility of invention, he was illiterate, and never made a book. In 1701, being then a soldier in a company of marines at Brest, he revealed a secret which he declared that he had locked within his breast for twenty years, having been unwilling to impart it to the Dutch and English, in whose service he had been during the whole period. His story was written down from his dictation, and sent to the minister Ponchartrain. It is preserved in the Bibliothèque Nationale, and in 1863 it was printed by Mr. Shea.
He was born, he declares, at La Chine in Canada, and engaged in the service of La Salle about twenty years before the revelation of his secret; that is, in 1681. Hence, he would have been, at the utmost, only fourteen years old, as La Chine did not exist before 1667. He was with La Salle at the building of Fort St. Louis of the Illinois, and was left here as one of a hundred men under command of Tonty. Tonty, it is to be observed, had but a small fraction of this number; and Sâgean describes the fort in a manner which shows that he never saw it. Being desirous of making some new discovery, he obtained leave from Tonty, and set out with eleven other Frenchmen and two Mohegan Indians. They ascended the Mississippi a hundred and fifty leagues, carried their canoes by a cataract, went forty leagues farther, and stopped a month to hunt. While thus employed, they found another river, fourteen leagues distant, flowing south-southwest. They carried their canoes thither, meeting on the way many lions, leopards, and tigers, which did them no harm; then they embarked, paddled a hundred and fifty leagues farther, and found themselves in the midst of the great nation of the Acanibas, dwelling in many fortified towns, and governed by King Hagaren, who claimed descent from Montezuma. The King, like his subjects, was clothed with the skins of men. Nevertheless, he and they were civilized and polished in their manners. They worshipped certain frightful idols of gold in the royal palace. One of them represented the ancestor of their monarch armed with lance, bow, and quiver, and in the act of mounting his horse; while in his mouth he held a jewel as large as a goose's egg, which shone like fire, and which, in the opinion of Sâgean, was a carbuncle. Another of these images was that of a woman mounted on a golden unicorn, with a horn more than a fathom long. After passing, pursues the story, between these idols, which stand on platforms of gold, each thirty feet square, one enters a magnificent vestibule, conducting to the apartment of the King. At the four corners of this vestibule are stationed bands of music, which, to the taste of Sâgean, was of very poor quality. The palace is of vast extent, and the private apartment of the King is twenty-eight or thirty feet square; the walls, to the height of eighteen feet, being of bricks of solid gold, and the pavement of the same. Here the King dwells alone, served only by his wives, of whom he takes a new one every day. The Frenchmen alone had the privilege of entering, and were graciously received.
These people carry on a great trade in gold with a nation, believed by Sâgean to be the Japanese, as the journey to them lasts six months. He saw the departure of one of the caravans, which consisted of more than three thousand oxen, laden with gold, and an equal number of horsemen, armed with lances, bows, and daggers. They receive iron and steel in exchange for their gold. The King has an army of a hundred thousand men, of whom three fourths are cavalry. They have golden trumpets, with which they make very indifferent music; and also golden drums, which, as well as the drummer, are carried on the backs of oxen. The troops are practised once a week in shooting at a target with arrows; and the King rewards the victor with one of his wives, or with some honorable employment.
These people are of a dark complexion and hideous to look upon, because their faces are made long and narrow by pressing their heads between two boards in infancy. The women, however, are as fair as in Europe; though, in common with the men, their ears are enormously large. All persons of distinction among the Acanibas wear their fingernails very long. They are polygamists, and each man takes as many wives as he wants. They are of a joyous disposition, moderate drinkers, but great smokers. They entertained Sâgean and his followers during five months with the fat of the land; and any woman who refused a Frenchman was ordered to be killed. Six girls were put to death with daggers for this breach of hospitality. The King, being anxious to retain his visitors in his service, offered Sâgean one of his daughters, aged fourteen years, in marriage; and when he saw him resolved to depart, promised to keep her for him till he should return.
The climate is delightful, and summer reigns throughout the year. The plains are full of birds and animals of all kinds, among which are many parrots and monkeys, besides the wild cattle, with humps like camels, which these people use as beasts of burden.
King Hagaren would not let the Frenchmen go till they had sworn by the sky, which is the customary oath of the Acanibas, that they would return in thirty-six moons, and bring him a supply of beads and other trinkets from Canada. As gold was to be had for the asking, each of the eleven Frenchmen took away with him sixty small bars, weighing about four pounds each. The King ordered two hundred horsemen to escort them, and carry the gold to their canoes; which they did, and then bade them farewell with terrific howlings, meant, doubtless, to do them honor.
After many adventures, wherein nearly all his companions came to a bloody end, Sâgean, and the few others who survived, had the ill luck to be captured by English pirates, at the mouth of the St. Lawrence. He spent many years among them in the East and West Indies, but would not reveal the secret of his Eldorado to these heretical foreigners.
Such was the story, which so far imposed on the credulity of the minister Ponchartrain as to persuade him that the matter was worth serious examination. Accordingly, Sâgean was sent to Louisiana, then in its earliest infancy as a French colony. Here he met various persons who had known him in Canada, who denied that he had ever been on the Mississippi, and contradicted his account of his parentage. Nevertheless, he held fast to his story, and declared that the gold mines of the Acanibas could be reached without difficulty by the river Missouri. But Sauvolle and Bienville, chiefs of the colony, were obstinate in their unbelief; and Sâgean and his King Hagaren lapsed alike into oblivion.
INDEX.
-A-
Abenakis, the, [285], [295], [316], [346.]
Acanibas, the, great nation of,
description of, [487]-[489];
gold mines of, [489].
"Acansea" (Arkansas) River, the, [483].
Accau, Michel, [186], [187], [249], [251], [253], [261], [265], [266], [273].
African travel, history of, [198].
Agniers (Mohawks), the, [136].
Aigron, Captain,
on ill-terms with La Salle, [372], [382], [383].
Ailleboust, Madame d', [111].
"Aimable," La Salle's store-ship, [372], [373], [374], [375], [379], [380], [381], [405], [454], [468].
Aire, Beaujeu's lieutenant, [375].
Akanseas, nation of the, [300]. See also Arkansas Indians, the.
Albanel,
prominent among the Jesuit explorers, [109];
his journey up the Saguenay to Hudson's Bay, [109].
Algonquin Indians, the,
Jean Nicollet among, [3];
at Ste. Marie du Saut, [39];
the Iroquois spread desolation among, [219].
Alkansas, nation of the, [300].
See also Arkansas Indians, the.
Alleghany Mountains, the, [84], [308], [309], [483].
Alleghany River, the, [307], [483], [483].
Allouez, Father Claude,
explores a part of Lake Superior, [6];
name of Lake Michigan, [42], [155];
sent to Green Bay to found a mission, [43];
joined by Dablon, [43];
among the Mascoutins and the Miamis, [44];
among the Foxes, [45];
at Saut Ste. Marie, [51];
addresses the Indians at Saut Ste. Marie, [53];
population of the Illinois Valley, [169];
intrigues against La Salle, [175], [238];
at Fort St. Louis of the Illinois, [458];
his fear of La Salle, [459].
Allumette Island, [3].
Alton, city of, [68].
America,
debt due La Salle from, [432].
"Amerique Occidentale" (Mississippi Valley), [479].
Amikoués, the, at Saut Ste. Marie, [51].
Andastes,
reduced to helpless insignificance by the Iroquois, [219].
André, Louis,
mission of the Manitoulin Island assigned to, [41];
makes a missionary tour among the Nipissings, [41];
his experiences among them, [42];
at Saut Ste. Marie, [51].
Anthony, St., of Padua,
the patron of La Salle's great enterprise, [152], [250], [259].
Anticosti, great island of,
granted to Joliet, [76].
Appalache, Bay of, [373].
Aquipaguetin, Chief, [254];
plots against Hennepin, [255], [261], [262], [264], [271], [272].
Aramoni River, the, [221], [225], [239].
Arctic travel, history of, [198].
Arkansas Indians, the,
Joliet and Marquette among, [72], [184];
La Salle among, [299];
various names of, [300];
tallest and best-formed Indians in America, [300], [308];
villages of, [466].
Arkansas River, the, [71];
Joutel's arrival at, [453];
Joutel descends, [456], [478], [483].
Arouet, François Marie, see Voltaire.
Aspinwall, Col. Thomas, [471].
Assiniboins, the,
at the Jesuit mission of St. Esprit, [40], [261];
Du Lhut among, [276].
Assonis, the,
Joutel among, [451];
Tonty among, [452].
Atlantic coast, the, [480].
Atlantic Ocean, the, [74].
Auguel, Antoine, [186].
See also Du Gay, Picard.
Autray, Sieur d', [200].
-B-
Bancroft, [75].
Barbier, Sieur, [406];
marriage of, [408], [418];
fate of, [470].
Barrois, secretary of Count Frontenac, [293].
Barthelemy, [433], [451], [456].
Baugis, Chevalier de, [326], [327].
Bazire, [101].
Beauharnois, forest of, [14].
Beaujeu, Madame de,
devotion to the Jesuits, [361].
Beaujeu, Sieur de,
divides with La Salle the command of the new enterprise, [353];
lack of harmony between La Salle and, [354]-[361];
letters to Seignelay, [354]-[356];
letters to Cabart de Villermont, [357], [360];
sails from Rochelle, [366];
disputes with La Salle, [366];
the voyage, [368];
complaints of, [370];
La Salle waiting for, [374];
meeting with La Salle, [375];
in Texas, [381];
makes friendly advances to La Salle, [385];
departure of, [387];
conduct of, [389];
coldly received by Seignelay, [389], [454].
"Beautiful River" (Ohio), the, [70].
Bégon, the intendant, [367], [368].
"Belle," La Salle's frigate, [372], [373], [374], [379], [383], [386], [389], [392], [401], [404], [406], [407], [416], [417], [468].
Bellefontaine, Tonty's lieutenant, [458], [460].
Belle Isle, [203].
Belleisle, Island of, [485].
Bellinzani, [129].
Bernon, Abbé,
on the character of La Salle, [342].
Bibliothèque Mazarine, the, [17].
Bienville, [489].
Big Vermilion River, the, [221], [239], [241].
Bissot, Claire,
her marriage to Louis Joliet, [76].
Black Rock, [149].
Bœufs, Rivière aux, [392].
Bois Blanc, Island of, [153].
Boisrondet, Sieur de, [218], [223], [227], [233], [236], [457].
Boisseau, [101].
Bolton, Captain,
reaches the Mississippi, [5].
Boston, [5];
rumored that the Dutch fleet had captured, [88].
Boughton Hill, [21].
Bourbon, Louis Armand de, see, Conti, Prince de.
Bourdon, the engineer, [111].
Bourdon, Jean, [200].
See also Dautray.
Bourdon, Madame, superior of the Sainte Famille, [111].
Bowman, W. E., [317].
Branssac,
loans merchandise to La Salle, [49], [434].
Brazos River, the, [424].
Brest, [486].
Brinvilliers,
burned alive, [179].
British territories, the, [309].
Brodhead, [136].
Bruyas, the Jesuit, [115];
among the Onondagas and the Mohawks, [115], [135];
the "Racines Agnières" of, [136].
Buade, Lake, [257], [262], [481].
Buade, Louis de, see Frontenac, Count.
Buade, Rivière (Mississippi), [481].
Buffalo Rock, [169], [314];
occupied by the Miami village, [314];
described by Charlevoix, [314].
Buisset, Luc, the Récollet, [121];
at Fort Frontenac, [132], [135], [137], [280].
Bull River, [272].
Burnt Wood River, the, [277].
-C-
Caddoes, the, [452];
villages of, [465].
Cadodaquis, the, [452].
California, Gulf of, [15], [31], [41], [63], [74], [84], [480].
California, State of, [480].
Camanches, the, [414].
Cambray, Archbishop of, [16].
Canada, [10];
Frontenac's treaty with the Indians confers an inestimable blessing on all, [95];
no longer merely a mission, [104], [483].
Canadian Parliament, Library of, the, [13].
Cananistigoyan, [275].
Carignan, regiment of, [12], [91].
Carolina, [483].
"Casquinampogamou" (St. Louis) River, the, [483].
Casson, Dollier de, [15];
among the Nipissings, [16];
leads an expedition of conversion, [16];
combines his expedition with that of La Salle, [17];
journey of, [19], [20];
belles paroles of La Salle, [25];
discoveries of La Salle, [29], [475].
Cataraqui Bridge, the, [90].
Cataraqui River, the, [87];
Frontenac at, [90];
fort built on the banks of, [92].
Cavelier, nephew of La Salle, [420], [435], [438], [446], [449], [451], [458], [463].
Cavelier, Henri, uncle of La Salle, [7], [363].
Cavelier, Jean, father of La Salle, [7].
Cavelier, Abbé Jean, brother of La Salle, [9];
at Montreal, [98];
La Salle defamed to, [113];
causes La Salle no little annoyance, [114], [333], [353], [367], [369], [370], [371], [372], [374], [376], [388], [394], [396], [402], [405], [406], [412], [415], [416], [417], [420], [421], [423];
unreliable in his writings, [433], [435], [436];
doubt and anxiety, [437], [438], [446];
plans to escape, [447];
the murder of Duhaut, [449];
sets out for home, [450], [451];
among the Assonis, [452], [453];
on the Arkansas, [455];
at Fort St. Louis of the Illinois, [457];
visit to Father Allouez, [459];
conceals La Salle's death, [460];
reaches Montreal, [462];
embarks for France, [462];
his report to Seignelay, [462], [463];
his memorial to the King, [463], [464].
Cavelier, Madeleine, [28], [34].
Cavelier, René Robert, see La Salle, Sieur de.
Cayugas, the,
Frontenac's address to, [91].
Cenis, the,
La Salle among, [413];
villages of, [415];
Duhaut's journey to, [438];
Joutel among, [440]-[445];
customs of, [443];
joined by Hiens on a war-expedition, [450].
Champigny, Intendant of Canada, [434].
Champlain, Lake, [483].
Champlain, Samuel de,
dreams of the South Sea, [14];
map of, [139];
his enthusiasm compared with that of La Salle, [431];
first to map out the Great Lakes, [476].
Chaouanons (Shawanoes), the, [307], [317].
Charlevoix, [50];
death of Marquette, [82]; [103];
the names of the Illinois River, [167];
the loss of the "Griffin," [182];
the Illinois Indians, [223];
doubted veracity of Hennepin, [244];
the Iroquois virgin, Tegahkouita, [275];
the Arkansas nation, [300];
visits the Natchez Indians, [304];
describes "Starved Rock" and Buffalo Rock, [314];
speaks of "Le Rocher," [314];
character of La Salle, [433], [454];
the remains of Fort St. Louis of the Illinois, [468].
Charon, creditor of La Salle, [150].
Charron, Madame, [111].
Chartier, Martin, [337].
Chassagoac, chief of the Illinois,
meeting with La Salle, [192].
Chassagouasse, Chief, [192].
Chateauguay, forest of, [14].
"Chaudière, Lac de la" (Lake St. Clair), [476].
Chaumonot, the Jesuit,
founds the association of the Sainte Famille, [111].
Chefdeville, M. de, [406], [407], [418], [463].
Cheruel, [167].
Chicago, [50], [236], [460], [462], [477].
Chicago Portage, the, [320].
Chicago River, the, [31];
Marquette on, [78], [296].
Chickasaw Bluffs, the, [311].
Chickasaw Indians, the, [184], [296], [307], [320], [468].
Chikachas (Chickasaws), the, [307].
Chippeway River, the, [272].
"Chucagoa" (St. Louis) River, the, [483].
Chukagoua (Ohio) River, the, [307].
Clark, James, [169], [170];
the site of the Great Illinois Town, [239].
Coahuila, [469].
Colbert, the minister,
Joliet's discovery of the Mississippi announced to, [34];
Frontenac's despatch, recommending La Salle, [99];
La Salle defamed to, [119];
a memorial of La Salle laid before, [122], [344], [345], [480].
Colbert River (Mississippi), the,
[35], [244], [307], [346], [376], [477], [479], [482].
"Colbertie" (Mississippi Valley), [479].
Collin, [187].
Colorado River, the, [411], [415].
Comet of 1680, the Great, [213].
"Conception, Rivière de la" (Mississippi River), [477].
Conti, Fort, [128];
location of, [129], [148].
Conti, Lac de (Lake Erie), [129].
Conti, Prince de (second),
patron of La Salle, [106];
letter from La Salle, [118].
Copper mines of Lake Superior, [23];
Joliet attempts to discover, [23];
the Jesuits labor to explore, [38];
Indian legends concerning, [39];
Saint-Lusson sets out to discover, [49].
Coroas, the,
visited by the French, [305], [310].
Coronelli, map made by, [221], [483].
Corpus Christi Bay, [375].
Cosme, St., [69], [314], [454];
commendation of Tonty, [467].
Courcelle, Governor, [11], [15], [17], [35];
quarrel with Talon, [56];
schemes to protect French trade in Canada, [85].
Couture,
the assassination of La Salle, [433];
welcomes Joutel, [453], [455], [456], [461], [464].
Creeks, the, [304].
Crees, the,
at Saut Ste. Marie, [51].
Crèvecœur, Fort, [34];
built by La Salle, [180];
La Salle at, [180]-[188];
destroyed by the mutineers, [199];
La Salle finds the ruins of, [211].
Crow Indians, the,
make war upon the dead, [207].
Cussy, De, governor of La Tortue, [367], [368].
-D-
Dablon, Father Claude the Jesuit,
at Ste. Marie du Saut, [27], [51];
reports the discovery of copper, [38];
the location of the Illinois Indians, [41];
the name of Lake Michigan, [42];
joins Father Allouez at the Green Bay Mission, [43];
among the Mascoutins and the Miamis, [44];
the Cross among the Foxes, [45];
the authority and state of the Miami chief, [50];
Allouez's harangue at Saut Ste. Marie, [55];
rumors of the Dutch fleet, [88], [112].
Dacotah (Sioux) Indians, the, [260].
Dauphin, Fort, [128];
location of, [129].
Dauphin, Lac (Lake Michigan), [155].
Daupin, François, [203].
Dautray, [187], [199], [210], [306].
De Launay, see Launay, De.
De Leon, see Leon, Alonzo de.
De Leon (San Antonio), the, [469].
Del Norte, the, [469].
De Marle, see Marle, De.
Denonville, Marquis de, [21], [121], [275], [454];
in the Iroquois War, [460];
announces war against Spain, [464];
commendation of Tonty, [467].
Des Groseilliers, Médard Chouart,
reaches the Mississippi, [5].
Deslauriers, [118].
Desloges, [384].
Des Moines, [65].
Des Moines River, the, [477], [478].
De Soto, Hernando,
buried in the Mississippi, [3].
Des Plaines River, the, [79], [477], [479].
Detroit, [26].
Detroit River, the, [31], [197], [279].
Detroit, the Strait of,
first recorded passage of white men through, [26];
the "Griffin" in, [151];
Du Lhut ordered to fortify; [275], [475].
Divine, the Rivière de la, [167], [479].
Dollier, see Casson, Dollier de.
Douay, Anastase, [69], [155];
joins La Salle's new enterprise, [353], [372];
in Texas, [388];
at Fort St. Louis, [399], [405], [406], [412], [413], [414], [415], [416], [417], [418], [420], [421], [422], [428];
the assassination of La Salle, [432];
unreliable in his writings, [433], [435];
doubt and anxiety, [437], [446];
the murder of Duhaut, [448], [449];
sets out for home, [451], [458];
visit to Father Allouez, [459];
character of, [462].
Druilletes, Gabriel,
at Saut Ste. Marie, [51];
teaches Marquette the Montagnais language, [59].
Duchesneau, the intendant, [69], [78], [101], [102], [125], [126], [138], [156], [164], [197], [217], [218], [219], [235], [274], [275], [480].
Du Gay, Picard, [186], [187], [250], [251], [253];
among the Sioux, [259], [261], [265], [266], [268], [269], [270], [272], [273].
Duhaut, the brothers, [368], [400].
Duhaut, the elder,
return of, [401];
at Fort St. Louis, [405];
plots against La Salle, [410], [420], [424];
quarrel with Moranget, [425];
murders Moranget, Saget, and Nika, [426];
assassinates La Salle, [429];
triumph of, [435];
journey to the Cenis villages, [438];
resolves to return to Fort St. Louis, [446];
quarrel with Hiens, [446];
plans to go to Canada, [448];
murder of, [448].
Du Lhut, Daniel Greysolon, [182];
meeting with Hennepin, [273];
sketch of, [274];
exploits of, [275], [276];
route of, [276];
explorations of, [276]-[278];
among the Assiniboins and the Sioux, [276];
joined by Hennepin, [278];
reaches the Green Bay Mission, [279], [322];
in the Iroquois War, [460], [481], [482].
Dumesnil, La Salle's servant, [415].
Dumont,
La Salle borrows money from, [127].
Duplessis,
attempts to murder La Salle, [166].
Dupont, Nicolas, [99].
Du Pratz,
customs of the Natchez, [304].
Durango, [350].
Durantaye, [275];
in the Iroquois War, [460].
Dutch, the,
trade with the Indians, [219];
encourage the Iroquois to fight, [324].
Dutch fleet, the,
rumored to have captured Boston, [88].
-E-
East Indies, the, [489].
Eastman, Mrs., legend of Winona, [271].
"Emissourites, Rivière des" (Missouri), [70].
English, the,
hold out great inducements to Joliet to join them, [76];
French company formed to compete at Hudson's Bay with, [76];
trade with the Indians, [219];
encourage the Iroquois to fight, [324].
"English Jem," [421].
Eokoros, the, [486].
Erie, Lake, [23], [25], [26], [29], [31], [96], [124], [141], [146], [151], [196], [197], [275], [279], [309], [333], [475], [476], [477], [479], [483].
Eries, the,
exterminated by the Iroquois, [219].
Esanapes, the, [486].
Esmanville, the priest, [375], [379].
Espiritu Santo Bay, [394], [471].
Estrées, Count d', [344].
-F-
Faillon, Abbé,
connection of La Salle with the Jesuits, [8];
the seigniory of La Salle, [12], [13];
detailed plan of Montreal, [13];
La Salle's discoveries, [29];
La Salle in need of money, [49];
throws much light on the life of, [58], [98];
on the establishment of the association of the Sainte Famille, [112];
plan of Fort Frontenac, [121].
Fauvel-Cavelier, Mme., [463].
Fénelon, Abbé, [16];
attempts to mediate between Frontenac and Perrot, [97];
preaches against Frontenac at Montreal, [98].
Ferland,
throws much light on the life of Joliet, [58].
Fire Nation, the, [44].
Five Nations, the, [11].
Florida, [483].
Florida Indians, the,
lodges of, [442].
Folles-Avoines, Nation des, [61].
Forked River (Mississippi), the, [5].
Fox River, the, [4], [43], [50], [62], [477].
Foxes, the,
at the Jesuit mission of St. Esprit, [40];
location of, [43];
Father Allouez among, [45];
incensed against the French, [45];
the Cross among, [45], [287].
France,
takes possession of the West, [52];
receives on parchment a stupendous accession, [308].
Francheville, Pierre, [58].
Francis, St., [249].
Franciscans, the, [133].
Franquelin, Jean Baptiste Louis,
manuscript map made by, [169], [221], [309], [316], [317], [347], [390], [481], [482], [483], [484], [485].
Fremin, the Jesuit, [21].
French, the,
Hurons the allies of, [4];
in western New York, [19]-[23];
the Iroquois felt the power of, [42];
the Foxes incensed against, [45];
the Jesuits seek to embroil the Iroquois with, [115];
seeking to secure a monopoly of the furs of the north and west, [219];
in Texas, [348];
reoccupy Fort St. Louis of the Illinois, [468].
Frontenac, Count, La Salle,
addresses a memorial to, [32];
announces Joliet's discovery of the Mississippi to Colbert, [34];
speaks slightingly of Joliet, [34];
succeeds Courcelle as governor, [56], [57], [60], [67];
letter from Joliet to, [76];
favorably disposed to La Salle, [85];
comes to Canada a ruined man, [85];
schemes of, [86];
at Montreal, [87];
his journey to Lake Ontario, [88];
faculty for managing the Indians, [89];
reaches Lake Ontario, [89];
at Cataraqui, [90];
addresses the Indians, [91];
admirable dealing with the Indians, [92], [93];
his enterprise a complete success, [95];
confers an inestimable benefit on all Canada, [95];
his plan to command the Upper Lakes, [96];
quarrel with Perrot, [96];
arrests Perrot, [96];
has Montreal well in hand, [96];
the Abbé Fénelon attempts to mediate between Perrot and, [97];
the Abbé Fénelon preaches against, [98];
championed by La Salle, [99];
recommends La Salle to Colbert, [99];
expects to share in profits of La Salle's new post, [101];
hatred of the Jesuits [102];
protects the Récollets, [109];
intrigues of the Jesuits, [118], [125], [201], [232], [250], [238], [274];
entertains Father Hennepin, [280], [292];
recalled to France, [318];
obligations of La Salle to, [434];
commendation of Tonty, [467], [479], [480], [481];
Frontenac, Fort, [34];
granted to La Salle, [100];
rebuilt by La Salle, [101], [112];
La Salle at, [120];
plan of, [121];
not established for commercial gain alone, [122], [148], [203], [292];
La Barre takes possession of, [325];
restored to La Salle by the King, [351], [476].
Frontenac (Ontario), Lake, [128], [476], [477], [479].
Frontenac, Madame de, [167].
"Frontenacie, La," [481].
Fur-trade, the,
the Jesuits accused of taking part in, [109], [110];
the Jesuits seek to establish a monopoly in, [114].
-G-
Gabriel, Father, [158], [159], [227], [237].
Gaeta, [128].
Galinée, Father, [17];
recounts the journey of La Salle and the Sulpitians, [19], [20], [26];
cruelty of the Senecas, [22];
the work of the Jesuits, [28];
makes the earliest map of the Upper Lakes, [28], [106], [140], [475].
Galve, Viceroy, [469].
Galveston Bay, [374], [376], [385].
Garakontié, Chief, [91].
Garnier, Julien, [59];
among the Senecas, [141].
Gayen, [384].
Geest, Catherine,
mother of La Salle, [7];
La Salle's farewell to, [364].
Geest, Nicolas, [7].
Gendron, [139].
Genesee,
the Falls of the, [476].
Genesee River, the, [140], [142], [279].
Georgian Bay of Lake Huron, [27], [203].
Giton,
La Salle borrows money from, [150].
Gnacsitares, the, [486].
Gould, Dr. B. A.,
on the "Great Comet of 1680," [213].
Grandfontaine, Chevalier de, [56].
Grand Gulf, [300].
Gravier, [244], [297];
the Arkansas nation, [300].
Great Lakes, the, [4];
Joliet makes a map of the region of, [32];
early unpublished maps of, [475]-[485];
Champlain makes the first attempt to map out, [476].
Great Manitoulin Island, the, [41].
"Great Mountain," the Indian name for the governor of Canada, [156].
Green Bay of Lake Michigan, the, [4], [31], [42], [43], [75];
La Salle at, [155]; [236].
Green Bay Mission, the,
Father Allouez sent to found, [43];
Marquette at, [62];
Father Hennepin and Du Lhut reach, [279].
"Griffin," the,
building of, [144]-[148];
finished, [149];
voyage of, [151]-[153];
at St. Ignace of Michilimackinac, [154];
set sail for Niagara laden with furs, [156];
La Salle's forebodings concerning, [163];
loss of, [181], [322].
Grollet, [445], [446], [448], [470], [471];
sent to Spain, [472].
Guadalupe, the, [469].
Gulliver, Captain, [486].
-H-
Hagaren, King of the Acanibas, [487]-[489].
Hamilton, town of, [23].
Harrisse, Henry, [76], [481], [482].
Haukiki (Marest) River, the, [167].
Hennepin, Louis,
connection of La Salle with the Jesuits, [8];
at Fort Frontenac, [121];
meets La Salle on his return to Canada, [130];
receives permission to join La Salle, [131];
his journey to Fort Frontenac, [132];
sets out with La Motte for Niagara, [132];
portrait of, [133];
his past life, [133];
sails for Canada, [134];
relations with La Salle, [134], [135];
work among the Indians, [135];
the most impudent of liars, [136];
daring of, [137];
embarks on the journey, [137];
reaches the Niagara, [138];
account of the falls and river of Niagara, [139];
among the Senecas, [140], [141];
at the Niagara Portage, [145]-[147];
the launch of the "Griffin," [148], [149];
on board the "Griffin," [151];
St. Anthony of Padua the patron saint of La Salle's great enterprise, [152];
the departure of the "Griffin" for Niagara, [157];
La Salle's encounter with the Outagamies, [161];
La Salle rejoined by Tonty, [163];
La Salle's forebodings concerning the "Griffin," [163];
population of the Illinois Valley, [169];
among the Illinois, [173], [174];
the story of Monso, [177];
La Salle's men desert him, [178];
at Fort Crèvecœur, [181];
sent to the Mississippi, [185];
the journey from Fort Crèvecœur, [201];
the mutineers at Fort Crèvecœur, [218], [234];
sets out to explore the Illinois River, [242];
his claims to the discovery of the Mississippi, [243];
doubted veracity of, [244];
captured by the Sioux, [245];
proved an impostor, [245];
steals passages from Membré and Le Clerc, [247];
his journey northward, [249];
suspected of sorcery, [253];
plots against, [255];
a hard journey, [257];
among the Sioux, [259]-[282];
adopted as a son by the Sioux, [261];
sets out for the Wisconsin, [266];
notice of the Falls of St. Anthony, [267];
rejoins the Indians, [273];
meeting with Du Lhut, [273];
joins Du Lhut, [278];
reaches the Green Bay Mission, [279];
reaches Fort Frontenac, [280];
goes to Montreal, [280];
entertained by Frontenac, [280];
returns to Europe, [280];
dies in obscurity, [281];
Louis XIV. orders the arrest of, [282];
various editions of the travels of, [282];
finds fault with Tonty, [467], [479], [481];
rivals of, [485], [486].
Hiens, the German, [411], [421], [425];
murders Moranget, Saget, and Nika, [426];
quarrel with Duhaut and Liotot, [446];
murders Duhaut, [448];
joins the Cenis on a war expedition, [450], [465];
fate of, [472].
Hillaret Moïse, [147], [178], [187], [193], [217], [218].
Hitt, Col. D. F., [317].
Hohays, the, [261].
Homannus,
map made by, [483].
Hondo (Rio Frio), the, [469].
Horse Shoe Fall, the, [139].
Hôtel-Dieu at Montreal, the, [13], [98].
Hudson's Bay,
Joliet's voyage to, [76];
Albanel's journey to, [109], [346], [483].
Hudson's Strait, [480].
Humber River, the, [138], [203].
Hundred Associates, Company of the, [57].
Huron Indians, the,
quarrel with the Winnebagoes, [4];
allies of the French, [4];
at the Jesuit mission of St. Esprit, [40];
Marquette among, [40];
terrified by the Sioux, [41];
destroyed by the Iroquois, [219].
Huron, Lake, [26], [27], [31];
the Jesuits on, [37], [41];
Saint-Lusson takes possession for France of, [52];
La Salle on, [152], [475], [476], [479].
Huron Mission, the, [27].
Huron River, the, [196].
"Hyacinth, confection of," [159].
-I-
Iberville, the founder of Louisiana, [455];
joined by Tonty, [467], [472], [473].
Ignatius, Saint, [78].
Illinois, Great Town of the, [170];
deserted, [191];
La Salle at, [205];
description of, [221];
Tonty in, [223];
abandoned to the Iroquois, [230];
site of, [239].
Illinois Indians, the,
at the Jesuit mission of St. Esprit, [40];
location of, [40], [41], [60];
Joliet and Marquette among, [66], [77], [78], [154], [155], [161];
La Salle among, [171]-[173];
hospitality of, [173];
deep-rooted jealousy of the Osages, [174], [203];
war with the Iroquois, [210], [220];
the Miamis join the Iroquois against, [220];
rankling jealousy between the Miamis and, [220];
an aggregation of kindred tribes, [223];
characteristics of, [223];
Tonty intercedes for, [228];
treaty made with the Iroquois, [231];
attacked by the Iroquois, [235];
become allies of La Salle, [287], [307];
at "Starved Rock," [314];
join La Salle's colony, [315], [316];
very capricious and uncertain, [322], [477].
Illinois, Lake of the (Lake Michigan), [42], [75], [155], [477], [479].
Illinois River, the, [31], [33], [34];
discovered by La Salle, [35];
Joliet and Marquette on, [74], [132];
La Salle on, [168];
various names of, [16], [204];
ravaged granaries of, [213], [220];
Father Hennepin sets out to explore, [242], [245], [296];
La Salle's projected colony on the banks of, [313], [315], [316], [405], [406];
Joutel on, [457], [477], [478], [481], [483].
Illinois, State of,
first civilized occupation of, [181].
Illinois, Valley of the, population of, [169].
Immaculate Conception, the,
doctrine of, a favorite tenet of the Jesuits, [61].
Immaculate Conception, Mission of the,
Marquette sets out to found, [77].
Incarnation, Marie de l', [111].
Indians, the,
Father Jogues and Raymbault preach among, [5];
ferocity of, [11];
manitous of, [26], [44], [68];
their game of la crosse, [50];
the tribes meet at Saut Ste. Marie to confer with Saint-Lusson, [51]-[56];
reception to Joliet and Marquette, [63];
lodges of, [75];
reception to Frontenac, [90];
Frontenac's admirable dealing with, [92], [93];
Alphabetical list of tribes referred to:—
Abenakis,
Acanibas,
Agniers,
Akanseas,
Algonquins,
Alkansas,
Amikoués,
Andastes,
Arkansas,
Assiniboins,
Assonis,
Caddoes,
Cadodaquis,
Camanches,
Cenis,
Chaouanons,
Chickasaws,
Chikachas,
Coroas,
Creeks,
Crees,
Crows,
Dacotah,
Eries,
Fire Nation,
Five Nations,
Floridas,
Foxes,
Hohays,
Hurons,
Illinois,
Iroquois,
Issanti,
Issanyati,
Issati,
Kahokias,
Kanzas,
Kappas,
Kaskaskias,
Kickapoos,
Kilatica,
Kious,
Kiskakon Ottawas,
Knisteneaux,
Koroas,
Malhoumines,
Malouminek,
Mandans,
Maroas,
Mascoutins,
Meddewakantonwan,
Menomonies,
Miamis,
Mitchigamias,
Mohawks,
Mohegans,
Moingona,
Monsonis,
Motantees,
Nadouessioux,
Natchez,
Nation des Folles-Avoines,
Nation of the Prairie,
Neutrals,
Nipissings,
Ojibwas,
Omahas,
Oneidas,
Onondagas,
Osages,
Osotouoy,
Ottawas,
Ouabona,
Ouiatenons,
Oumalouminek,
Oumas,
Outagamies,
Pah-Utahs,
Pawnees,
Peanqhichia,
Peorias,
Pepikokia,
Piankishaws,
Pottawattamies,
Quapaws,
Quinipissas,
Sacs,
Sauteurs,
Sauthouis,
Senecas,
Shawanoes,
Sioux,
Sokokis,
Taensas,
Tamaroas,
Tangibao,
Terliquiquimechi,
Tetons,
Texas,
Tintonwans,
Tongengas,
Topingas,
Torimans,
Wapoos,
Weas,
Wild-rice,
Winnebagoes,
Yankton Sioux.
Irondequoit Bay, [20].
Iroquois Indians, the, [11];
alone remain, [37];
felt the power of the French, [42];
the "Beautiful River," [70];
Onondaga the political centre of, [87];
the Jesuits seek to embroil them with the French, [115];
ferocious character of, [207];
war with the Illinois, [210];
ferocious triumphs of, [219];
break into war, [219];
trade with the Dutch and the English, [219];
jealous of La Salle, [219];
joined by the Miamis against the Illinois, [220];
attack on the Illinois village, [225];
grant a truce to Tonty, [230];
take possession of the Illinois village, [230];
make a treaty with the Illinois, [231];
treachery of, [231];
Tonty departs from, [233];
attack on the dead, [234];
attack on the Illinois, [235], [320];
encouraged to fight by the Dutch and English traders, [324];
attack Fort St. Louis, [327].
Iroquois War, the,
havoc and desolation of, [5], [219];
a war of commercial advantage, [219];
the French in, [460].
Isle of Pines, the, [372].
Issanti, the, [260].
Issanyati, the, [260].
Issati, the, [260].
"Issatis," the, [481].
-J-
Jacques, companion of Marquette, [78], [80].
Jansenists, the, [110].
Japanese, the, [487].
Jesuitism,
no diminution in the vital force of, [103]
Jesuits, the,
their thoughts dwell on the Mississippi, [6];
La Salle's connection with, [8];
La Salle parts with, [9];
influence exercised by, [16];
want no help from the Sulpitians, [27];
a change of spirit, [36], [37];
their best hopes in the North and West, [37];
on the Lakes, [37];
labor to explore the copper mines of Lake Superior, [38];
a mixture of fanaticism, [38];
claimed a monopoly of conversion, [38];
make a map of Lake Superior, [38];
the missionary stations, [46];
trading with the Indians, [47];
doctrine of the Immaculate Conception a favorite tenet of, [61];
greatly opposed to the establishment of forts and trading-posts
in the upper country, [88];
opposition to Frontenac and La Salle, [102];
Frontenac's hatred of, [102];
turn their eyes towards the Valley of the Mississippi, [103];
no longer supreme in Canada, [104];
La Salle their most dangerous rival for the control of the West, [104];
masters at Quebec, [108];
accused of selling brandy to the Indians, [109];
accused of carrying on a fur-trade, [109], [230];
comparison between the Récollets and Sulpitians and, [112];
seek to establish a monopoly in the fur-trade, [114];
intrigues against La Salle, [115];
seek to embroil the Iroquois with the French, [115];
exculpated by La Salle from the attempt to poison him, [116];
induce men to desert from La Salle, [118];
have a mission among the Mohawks, [118];
plan against La Salle, [459];
maps made by, [478].
Jesus, Order of, [37].
Jesus, Society of, see Society of Jesus.
Jogues, Father Isaac,
preaches among the Indians, [5], [59].
Joliet, Louis,
destined to hold a conspicuous place in history of western discovery, [23];
early life of, [23];
sent to discover the copper mines of Lake Superior, [23], [58];
his failure, [23];
meeting with La Salle and the Sulpitians, [23];
passage through the Strait of Detroit, [27];
makes maps of the region of the Mississippi and the Great Lakes, [32];
claims the discovery of the Mississippi, [33];
Frontenac speaks slightingly of, [34];
at Saut Ste. Marie, [51];
sent by Talon to discover the Mississippi, [56];
early history of, [57];
characteristics of, [58];
Shea first to discover history of, [58];
Ferland, Faillon, and Margry throw much light on the life of, [58];
Marquette chosen to accompany him on his search for the Mississippi, [59];
the departure, [60];
the Mississippi at last, [64];
on the Mississippi, [65];
meeting with the Illinois, [66];
at the mouth of the Missouri, [69];
on the lower Mississippi, [71];
among the Arkansas Indians, [72];
determines that the Mississippi discharges into the Gulf of Mexico, [74];
resolves to return to Canada, [74];
serious accident to, [75];
letter to Frontenac, [76];
smaller map of his discoveries, [76];
marriage to Claire Bissot, [76];
journey to Hudson's Bay, [76];
the English hold out great inducements to, [76];
receives grants of land, [76];
engages in fisheries, [76];
makes a chart of the St. Lawrence, [77];
Sir William Phips makes a descent on the establishment of, [77];
explores the coast of Labrador, [77];
made royal pilot for the St. Lawrence by Frontenac, [77];
appointed hydrographer at Quebec, [77];
death of, [77];
said to be an impostor, [118];
refused permission to plant a trading station in the Valley of the Mississippi, [126], [477];
maps made by, [479], [480], [481], [482].
Joliet, town of, [193].
"Joly," the vessel, [353], [366], [367], [372], [373], [374], [375], [377], [381], [383], [385].
Jolycœur (Nicolas Perrot), [116].
Joutel, Henri, [69], [314], [363], [367], [368], [372], [374], [375], [377], [379], [380], [382], [388], [389], [392], [393], [395], [396], [397], [399], [400], [401], [402], [403], [406], [407], [409], [410], [411], [416], [417], [418], [419], [420], [421], [422], [428];
sketches the portrait of La Salle, [430];
the assassination of La Salle, [432], [433];
danger of, [436];
friendship of L'Archevêque for, [436];
doubt and anxiety, [437], [438];
among the Cenis Indians, [440]-[445];
plans to escape, [445]-[447];
the murder of Duhaut, [448], [449];
sets out for home, [450];
his party, [451];
among the Assonis, [451]-[453];
arrival at the Arkansas, [453];
friendly reception, [455];
descends the Arkansas, [456];
on the Illinois, [457];
at Fort St. Louis of the Illinois, [457];
visit to Father Allouez, [459];
reaches Montreal, [462];
embarks for France, [462];
character of, [462].
-K-
Kahokias, the, [223].
Kalm, [244].
Kamalastigouia, [275].
Kankakee,
the sources of, [167], [204], [288], [316].
Kansa (Kanzas), the, [478].
Kanzas, the, [478].
Kappa band, the, of the Arkansas, [299].
"Kaskaskia,"
Illinois village of, [74];
the mission at, [79].
Kaskaskias, the, [223], [477].
Kiakiki River, the, [167].
Kickapoos, the,
location of [43];
join the Mascoutins and Miamis, [62];
murder Father Ribourde, [233].
Kilatica, the,
join La Salle's colony, [316].
King Philip's War, [285].
Kious (Sioux), the, [307].
Kiskakon Ottawas, the, [81], [237].
Knisteneaux, the,
at the Jesuit mission of St. Esprit, [40].
Koroas, the, [308].
-L-
La Barre, Le Febvre de, [182];
succeeds Frontenac as governor, [318];
weakness and avarice of, [318];
royal instructions to, [319];
letters from La Salle, [319]-[322];
defames La Salle to Seignelay, [322]-[324];
plots against La Salle, [325];
takes possession of Fort Frontenac and Fort St. Louis, [325]-[327];
ordered by the King to make restitution, [351], [482].
Labrador, coasts of, [58];
explored by Joliet, [77].
La Chapelle, [193];
takes false reports of La Salle to Fort Crèvecœur, [217].
La Chine,
the seigniory of La Salle at, [12];
La Salle lays the rude beginnings of a settlement at, [13];
La Salle and the Sulpitians set out from, [19];
origin of the name, [29], [88], [486].
La Chine Rapids, the, [75].
La Crosse, Indian game of, [50].
La Divine River, the (Des Plaines River), [477], [481].
La Forest, La Salle's lieutenant, [101], [143], [203], [204], [208], [215], [236], [286], [287], [292], [326], [333], [351], [352], [467], [485].
La Harpe, [255].
La Hontan, [145], [153];
loss of the "Griffin," [182], [275], [276], [485], [486].
Lakes, Upper, [24], [27];
Galinée, makes the earliest map of, [28], [38];
Jesuit missions on, [39];
Marquette on, [59], [85];
Frontenac's plan to command, [96];
first vessel on, [145];
La Salle on, [151]-[163].
Lalemant, [139].
La Metairie, Jacques de, [308].
La Motte, see Lussière, La Motte de.
Lanquetot, see Liotot.
Laon, [59].
La Pointe, Jesuit mission of St. Esprit at, [40].
La Potherie, [49];
reception of Saint-Lusson by the Miamis, [50];
Henri de Tonty's iron hand, [129];
loss of the "Griffin," [182];
the Iroquois attack on the Illinois, [235].
L'Archevêque, [421], [425];
murders Moranget, Saget, and Nika, [426];
the assassination of La Salle, [429];
friendship for Joutel, [436];
danger of, [449], [470], [471];
sent to Spain, [472].
La Sablonnière, Marquis de, [380], [388], [407], [409], [418].
La Salle, Sieur de,
birth of, [7];
origin of his name, [7];
connection with the Jesuits, [8];
characteristics of, [9];
parts with the Jesuits, [9];
sails for Canada, [10];
at Montreal, [10];
schemes of, [11];
his seigniory at La Chine, [12];
begins to study Indian languages, [14];
plans of discovery, [14], [15];
sells his seigniory, [16];
joins his expedition to that of the seminary priests, [17];
sets out from La Chine, [19];
journey of, [19], [20];
hospitality of the Senecas, [21];
fears for his safety, [22];
meeting with Joliet, [23];
belles paroles of, [25];
parts with the Sulpitians, [25];
obscurity of his subsequent work, [28];
goes to Onondaga, [29];
deserted by his men, [30];
meeting with Perrot, [30];
reported movements of, [31];
Talon claims to have sent him to explore, [31];
affirms that he discovered the Ohio, [32];
discovery of the Mississippi, [33];
discovered the Illinois River, [35];
pays the expenses of his expeditions, [49];
in great need of money, [49];
borrows merchandise from the Seminary, [49];
contrasted with Marquette, [83];
called a visionary, [83];
projects of, [84];
Frontenac favorably disposed towards, [85];
faculty for managing the Indians, [89];
at Montreal, [97];
champions Frontenac, [99];
goes to France, [99];
recommended to Colbert by Frontenac, [99];
petitions for a patent of nobility and a grant of Fort Frontenac, [100];
his petition granted, [100];
returns to Canada, [101];
oppressed by the merchants of Canada, [101];
Le Ber becomes the bitter enemy of, [101];
aims at the control of the valleys of the Ohio and the Mississippi, [102];
opposed by the Jesuits, [102];
the most dangerous rival of the Jesuits for the control of the West, [104];
the Prince de Conti the patron of, [106];
the Abbé Renaudot's memoir of, [106], [107];
account of, [107];
not well inclined towards the Récollets, [108];
plots against, [113];
caused no little annoyance by his brother, [114];
Jesuit intrigues against, [115];
attempt to poison, [116];
exculpates the Jesuits, [116];
letter to the Prince de Conti, [118];
the Jesuits induce men to desert from, [118];
defamed to Colbert, [119];
at Fort Frontenac, [120];
sails again for France, [122];
his memorial laid before Colbert, [122];
urges the planting of colonies in the West, [123];
receives a patent from Louis XIV., [124];
forbidden to trade with the Ottawas, [125];
given the monopoly of buffalo-hides, [126];
makes plans to carry out his designs, [126];
assistance received from his friends, [127];
invaluable aid received from Henri de Tonty, [127];
joined by La Motte de Lussière, [129];
sails for Canada, [129];
makes a league with the Canadian merchants, [129];
met by Father Hennepin on his return to Canada, [130];
joined by Father Hennepin, [131];
relations with Father Hennepin, [134], [135];
sets out to join La Motte, [141];
almost wrecked, [142];
treachery of his pilot, [142];
pacifies the Senecas, [142];
delayed by jealousies, [143];
returns to Fort Frontenac, [143];
unfortunate in the choice of subordinates, [143];
builds a vessel above the Niagara cataract, [144];
jealousy and discontent, [147];
lays foundation for blockhouses at Niagara, [148];
the launch of the "Griffin," [149];
his property attached by his creditors, [150];
on Lake Huron, [152];
commends his great enterprise to St. Anthony of Padua, [152];
at St. Ignace of Michilimackinac, [153];
rivals and enemies, [154];
on Lake Michigan, [155];
at Green Bay, [155];
finds the Pottawattamies friendly, [155];
sends the "Griffin" back to Niagara laden with furs, [156];
trades with the Ottawas, [156];
hardships, [158];
encounter with the Outagamies, [160], [161];
rejoined by Tonty, [162];
forebodings concerning the "Griffin," [163];
on the St. Joseph, [164];
lost in the forest, [165];
on the Illinois, [166];
Duplessis attempts to murder, [166];
the Illinois town, [169], [170];
hunger relieved, [171];
Illinois hospitality, [173];
still followed by the intrigues of his enemies, [175];
harangues the Indians, [177];
deserted by his men, [178];
another attempt to poison, [178];
builds Fort Crèvecœur, [180];
loss of the "Griffin," [181];
anxieties of, [183];
a happy artifice, [184];
builds another vessel, [185];
sends Hennepin to the Mississippi, [185];
parting with Tonty, [188];
hardihood of, [189]-[201];
his winter journey to Fort Frontenac, [189];
the deserted town of the Illinois, [191];
meeting with Chief Chassagoac, [192];
"Starved Rock," [192];
Lake Michigan, [193];
the wilderness, [193], [194];
Indian alarms, [195];
reaches Niagara, [197];
man and nature in arms against, [198];
mutineers at Fort Crèvecœur, [199];
chastisement of the mutineers, [201];
strength in the face of adversity, [202];
his best hope in Tonty, [202];
sets out to succor Tonty, [203];
kills buffalo, [205];
a night of horror, [207];
fears for Tonty, [209];
finds the ruins of Fort Crèvecœur, [211];
beholds the Mississippi, [212];
beholds the "Great Comet of 1680," [213];
returns to Fort Miami, [215];
jealousy of the Iroquois of, [219], [238];
route of, [276];
Margry brings to light the letters of, [281];
begins anew, [283];
plans for a defensive league, [284];
Indian friends, [285];
hears good news of Tonty, [287];
Illinois allies, [287];
calls the Indians to a grand council, [289];
his power of oratory, [289];
his harangue, [289];
the reply of the chiefs, [291];
finds Tonty, [292];
parts with a portion of his monopolies, [293];
at Toronto, [293];
reaches Lake Huron, [294];
at Fort Miami, [294];
on the Mississippi, [297];
among the Arkansas Indians, [299];
takes formal possession of the Arkansas country, [300];
visited by the chief of the Taensas, [302];
visits the Coroas, [305];
hostility, [305];
the mouth of the Mississippi, [306];
takes possession of the Great West for France, [306];
bestows the name of "Louisiana" on the new domain, [309];
attacked by the Quinipissas, [310];
revisits the Coroas, [310];
seized by a dangerous illness, [310];
rejoins Tonty at Michilimackinac, [311];
his projected colony on the banks of the Illinois, [313];
intrenches himself at "Starved Rock," [313];
gathers his Indian allies at Fort St. Louis, [315];
his colony on the Illinois, [316];
success of his colony, [318];
letters to La Barre, [319]-[322];
defamed by La Barre to Seignelay, [322]-[324];
La Barre plots against, [325];
La Barre takes possession of Fort Frontenac and Fort St. Louis, [325]-[327];
sails for France, [327];
painted by himself, [328]-[342];
difficulty of knowing him, [328];
his detractors, [329];
his letters, [329]-[331];
vexations of his position, [331];
his unfitness for trade, [332];
risks of correspondence, [332];
his reported marriage, [334];
alleged ostentation, [335];
motives of actions, [335];
charges of harshness, [336];
intrigues against him, [337];
unpopular manners, [337], [338];
a strange confession, [339];
his strength and his weakness, [340], [341];
contrasts of his character, [341], [342];
at court, [343];
received by the King, [344];
new proposals of, [345]-[347];
small knowledge of Mexican geography, [348];
plans of, [349];
his petitions granted, [350];
Forts Frontenac and St. Louis restored by the King to, [351];
preparations for his new enterprise, [353];
divides his command with Beaujeu, [353];
lack of harmony between Beaujeu and, [354]-[361];
indiscretion of, [361];
overwrought brain of, [362];
farewell to his mother, [364];
sails from Rochelle, [366];
disputes with Beaujeu, [366];
the voyage, [368];
his illness, [368];
Beaujeu's complaints of, [370];
resumes his journey, [372];
enters the Gulf of Mexico, [373];
waiting for Beaujeu, [374];
coasts the shores of Texas, [374];
meeting with Beaujeu, [375];
perplexity of, [375]-[377];
lands in Texas, [379];
attacked by the Indians, [380];
wreck of the "Aimable," [381];
forlorn position of, [383];
Indian neighbors, [384];
Beaujeu makes friendly advances to, [385];
departure of Beaujeu, [387];
at Matagorda Bay, [391];
misery and dejection, [393];
the new Fort St. Louis, [394];
explorations of, [395];
adventures of, [402];
again falls ill, [404];
departure for Canada, [405];
wreck of the "Belle," [407];
Maxime Le Clerc makes charges against, [410];
Duhaut plots against, [410];
return to Fort St. Louis, [411];
account of his adventures, [411]-[413];
among the Cenis Indians, [413];
attacked with hernia, [417];
Twelfth Night at Fort St. Louis, [417];
his last farewell, [418];
followers of, [420];
prairie travelling, [423];
Liotot swears vengeance against, [424];
the murder of Moranget, Saget, and Nika, [426];
his premonition of disaster, [428];
murdered by Duhaut, [429];
character of, [430];
his enthusiasm compared with that of Champlain, [431];
his defects, [431];
America owes him an enduring memory, [432];
the marvels of his patient fortitude, [432];
evidences of his assassination, [432];
undeniable rigor of his command, [433];
locality of his assassination, [434];
his debts, [434];
Tonty's plan to assist, [453]-[455];
fear of Father Allouez for, [459];
Jesuit plans against, [459], [477], [479], [480], [481], [482], [483], [483], [485], [486].
La Salle, village of, [146], [167].
La Taupine (Pierre Moreau), [78].
La Tortue, [367].
Lavaca River, the, [392], [395], [396].
La Vache River, the, [392].
Laval-Montmorency, François Xavier de,
first bishop of Quebec, [110];
accused of harshness and intolerance, [110];
encourages the establishment of the association of the Sainte Famille, [111].
La Violette, [187].
La Voisin,
burned alive at Paris, [179].
Le Baillif, M., [34].
Le Ber, Jacques, [97];
becomes La Salle's bitter enemy, [101], [326].
Leblanc, [193];
takes false reports of La Salle to Fort Crèvecœur, [217], [218].
Le Clerc, Father Chrétien, [169], [175], [192], [198], [217], [234], [238];
his account of the Récollet missions among the Indians, [246];
Hennepin steals passages from, [247];
character of Du Lhut, [276];
energy of La Salle, 292, [296];
Le Clerc, Maxime,
joins La Salle's new enterprise, [353];
in Texas, [400];
adventure with a boar, [410];
makes charges against La Salle, [410], [418].
Le Fèvre, Father, [131].
Le Gros, Simon, [388], [394], [398].
Le Meilleur, [218].
Le Moyne, [102].
Lenox, Mr.,
the Journal of Marquette, [75];
death of Marquette, [81], [169].
Leon, Alonzo de, [469], [471].
Le Petit,
customs of the Natchez, [304].
L'Espérance, [216], [218], [223].
Le Sueur,
map made by, [225], [485].
Le Tardieu, Charles, [99].
Lewiston,
mountain ridge of, [138], [143];
rapids at, [144].
Liotot,
La Salle's surgeon, [420];
swears vengeance against La Salle, [424], [425];
murders Moranget, Saget, and Nika, [426];
the assassination of La Salle, [429], [430];
resolves to return to Fort St. Louis, [446];
quarrels with Hiens, [446];
murder of, [449].
Long Point, [25];
the Sulpitians spend the winter at, [25].
"Long River," the, [485].
Long Saut, the, [89].
Louis XIV.
becomes the sovereign of the Great West, [308];
misery and dejection at Matagorda Bay, [393], [403], [406], [413], [414], [415], [416], [417].
Louis XIV., of France, [26], [52], [115];
grants a patent to La Salle, [124];
orders the arrest of Hennepin, [282];
proclaimed by La Salle the sovereign of the Great West, [306];
receives La Salle, [344];
irritated against the Spaniards, [344];
grants La Salle's petitions, [350];
abandons the colonists, [463];
Cavelier's memorial to, [463].
Louisiana, country of, [307];
name bestowed by La Salle, [309];
vast extent of, [309];
boundaries of, [309];
Iberville the founder of, [455], [483], [483], [485], [489].
Louvigny, Sieur de, [274], [349].
"Lover's leap," the, [271].
Loyola, Disciples of,
losing ground in Canada, [104].
Lussière, La Motte de,
joins La Salle, [129], [132];
embarks on the journey, [137];
reaches the Niagara, [138];
begins to build fortifications, [140];
jealousy of the Senecas, [140];
seeks to conciliate the Senecas, [140], [141];
fidelity to La Salle doubtful, [143].
-M-
Machaut-Rougemont, [365].
Mackinaw, La Salle at, [325].
Mackinaw, Island of, [153].
Macopins, Rivière des (Illinois River), [167], [483].
Madeira, [366].
Maha (Omahas), the, [478].
"Maiden's Rock," the, [271].
"Malheurs, La Rivière des," [402].
Malhoumines, the, [61].
Malouminek, the, [61].
Manabozho, the Algonquin deity, [267].
Mance, Mlle., [112].
Mandans, the,
winter lodges of, [442].
Manitoulin Island,
Mission of, [41];
assigned to André, [41].
Manitoulin Islands,
Saint-Lusson winters at, [50];
Saint-Lusson takes possession for France of, [52], [153], [203].
Manitoulins, the, [27].
Manitoumie (Mississippi Valley), [485].
Maps,
Champlain's map (the first) of the Great Lakes, [476];
Coronelli's map, [221], [483];
manuscript map of Franquelin, [169], [221], [316], [317], [347], [390], [481], [482], [483], [485];
map of Galinée, [475];
map of Lake Superior, [476];
map of the Great Lakes, [476];
map of Marquette, [477];
maps of the Jesuits, [478];
small maps of Joliet, [479], [480];
Raudin's map, [481];
rude map of Father Raffeix, [481];
Franquelin's map of Louisiana, [482];
the great map of Franquelin, [482];
map of Le Sueur, [481], [485];
map of Homannus, [483].
Margry,
birth of La Salle, [7];
La Salle's connection with the Jesuits, [8];
La Salle sells his seigniory, [16];
La Salle's claims to the discovery of the Mississippi, [34], [35];
throws much light on the life of Joliet, [58], [77];
La Salle's marriage prevented by his brother, [114];
La Salle at Fort Frontenac, [121];
assistance given to La Salle, [127];
Henri de Tonty, [128], [130], [132];
La Motte at Niagara, [140];
La Salle pacifies the Senecas, [142];
La Salle at Niagara, [148];
La Salle attached by his creditors, [150];
the names of the Illinois, [167];
intrigues against La Salle, [175];
brings to light the letters of La Salle, [281], [296], [342];
letters of Beaujeu to Seignelay and to Cabart de Villermont, [365];
La Salle's disputes with Beaujeu, [366];
illness of La Salle, [368];
La Salle resumes his voyage, [372];
La Salle lands in Texas, [379];
Beaujeu makes friendly advances to La Salle, [386], [387];
misery and dejection at Matagorda Bay, [393];
life at Fort St. Louis, [400];
the murder of Duhaut and Liotot, [449];
Allouez's fear of La Salle, [459].
Marle, Sieur de, [421];
murders Moranget, [427];
sets out for home, [451];
drowned, [453].
Maroas, the, [477].
Marquette, Jacques, the Jesuit,
at Ste. Marie du Saut, [27];
voyage of, [32];
discovery of the Mississippi, [33];
among the Hurons and the Ottawas, [40];
at the Jesuit mission of St. Esprit, [40];
the mission of Michilimackinac assigned to, [41], [51];
chosen to accompany Joliet in his search for the Mississippi, [59];
early life of, [59];
on the Upper Lakes, [59];
great talents as a linguist, [59];
traits of character, [59];
journal of his voyage to the Mississippi, [60];
especially devoted to the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception, [61];
at the Green Bay Mission, [62];
among the Mascoutins and Miamis, [62];
on the Wisconsin River, [63];
the Mississippi at last, [64];
on the Mississippi, [65];
map drawn by, [65];
meeting with the Illinois, [66];
affrighted by the Indian manitous, [68];
at the mouth of the Missouri, [69];
on the lower Mississippi, [71];
among the Arkansas Indians, [72];
determines that the Mississippi discharges into the Gulf of Mexico, [74];
resolves to return to Canada, [74];
illness of, [74];
remains at Green Bay, [75];
journal of, [75];
true map of, [75];
sets out to found the mission of the Immaculate Conception, [77];
gives the name of "Immaculate Conception" to the Mississippi, [77];
on the Chicago River, [78];
return of his illness, [78];
founds the mission at the village "Kaskaskia," [79];
peaceful death of, [80];
burial of, [81];
his bones removed to St. Ignace of Michilimackinac, [81];
miracle at the burial of, [81];
tradition of the death of, [82];
contrasted with La Salle, [83], [169], [223];
route of, [276];
pictured rock of, [457];
maps made by, [477], [478], [480], [481].
Marshall, O. H., [140], [146].
Martin, [75];
death of Marquette, [81].
Martin, Father Felix, connection of La Salle with the Jesuits, [8].
Martinique, [385], [386], [387].
Mascoutins, the,
location of, [43];
Fathers Allouez and Dablon among, [44];
joined by the Kickapoos, [62];
visited by Marquette, [62];
La Salle falls in with, [195].
Matagorda Bay, [376], [379], [383], [391], [471].
See also St. Louis, Bay of.
Matagorda Island, [375], [379].
Mather, Increase, [213].
Mazarin, Cardinal, [129].
Meddewakantonwan, the, [260].
Medrano, Sebastian Fernandez de, [244].
Membré, Father Zenobe, [150], [155], [169], [185], [191], [192], [198], [201], [204], [216];
the mutineers at Fort Crèvecœur, [217], [218];
intrigues of La Salle's enemies, [220], [223], [224];
the Iroquois attack on the Illinois village, [225], [227], [230], [231], [233];
the Iroquois attack on the dead, [234], [238];
his journal on his descent of the Mississippi with La Salle, [246];
Hennepin steals passages from, [247];
meeting with La Salle, [292];
sets out from Fort Miami, [296];
among the Arkansas Indians, [299];
visits the Taensas, [301];
attends La Salle during his illness, [311];
joins La Salle's new enterprise, [353];
on the "Joly," [372];
in Texas, [388];
adventure with a buffalo, [409], [417], [418];
fate of, [470].
Ménard, the Jesuit,
attempts to plant a mission on southern shore of Lake Superior, [6].
Menomonie River, the, [51].
Menomonies, the,
at the Jesuit mission of St. Esprit, [40];
location of, [42];
at Saut Ste. Marie, [51];
village of, [61].
"Mer Douce des Hurons" (Lake Huron), [476].
"Mer du Nord," the, [480].
"Messasipi" (Mississippi River), the, [480].
"Messipi" River, the, [6].
Meules, De, the Intendant of Canada, [319], [351].
Mexico, [5], [6], [32], [117], [125], [126], [129], [346], [348];
Spaniards in, [349]; [464], [480].
Mexico, Gulf of, [31], [32], [38], [48], [63], [70], [74], [84], [245], [306], [309], [311], [312], [344], [345], [358], [371], [373], [394];
claimed by Spain, [468], [471], [477], [478], [479], [481], [482], [483].
Mexican mines, the, [349].
Miami, Fort, [162], [163];
La Salle returns to, [215], [283], [284], [286], [288], [292], [294], [296], [311].
Miami River, the, [32].
Miamis, the,
location of, [43], [44];
Fathers Allouez and Dablon among, [44];
receive Saint-Lusson, [50];
authority and state of the chief of, [50];
joined by the Kickapoos, [62];
visited by Marquette, [62];
join the Iroquois against the Illinois, [220];
rankling jealousy between the Illinois and, [220], [223], [251], [286];
village of, [288];
called by La Salle to a grand council, [289];
at Buffalo Rock, [314];
join La Salle's colony, [316];
afraid of the Iroquois, [320].
Miamis, Le Fort des (Buffalo Rock), [314].
Miamis River (St. Joseph), [162].
Michigan, Lake, [4], [31];
the Jesuits on, [37];
the name of, [42], [61], [75], [77], [132];
La Salle on, [155], [162], [193], [236], [309], [475], [477], [479].
Michigan,
shores of, [31];
forest wastes of, [153];
peninsula of, [475], [476], [483].
Michilimackinac,
mission of, [41];
assigned to Marquette, [41], [279], [311].
Michilimackinac, Straits of, [31], [41], [42], [59], [61], [80], [110], [197], [203], [236], [288], [392].
Migeon, [150].
Mignan, islands of, granted to Joliet, [76].
Mille Lac, [257], [265], [277].
Milot, Jean, [16].
Milwaukee, [159].
Minet, La Salle's engineer, [373], [378], [379], [383], [387], [390].
Minneapolis, city of, [267].
Minong, Isle, [38].
"Miskous" (Wisconsin), the, [480].
Missions, early,
decline in the religious exaltation of, [103].
Mississaquenk, [54].
Mississippi River, the,
discovered by the Spaniards, [3];
De Soto buried in, [3];
Jean Nicollet reaches, [3];
Colonel Wood reaches, [5];
Captain Bolton reaches, [5];
Radisson and Des Groseilliers reach, [5];
the thoughts of the Jesuits dwell on, [6];
speculations concerning, [6]; [30], [31];
Joliet makes a map of the region of, [32], [45], [46];
Talon resolves to find, [56];
Joliet selected to find, [56];
Marquette chosen to accompany Joliet, [59];
the discovery by Joliet and Marquette, [64];
its outlet into the Gulf of Mexico determined by Joliet and Marquette, [74];
Marquette gives the name of "Immaculate Conception" to, [77];
La Salle's plans to control, [84];
Hennepin sent to, [185];
La Salle beholds, [212];
claims of Hennepin to the discovery of, [243];
Membré's journal on his descent of, [246];
La Salle on, [297], [307], [310], [311], [312], [345], [346], [352], [371], [373], [374], [376], [389], [390], [391], [403], [404], [405], [457], [459], [466];
early unpublished maps of, [475]-[486].
Mississippi, Valley of the,
La Salle aims at the control of, [102];
the Jesuits turn their eyes towards, [103]; [479];
various names given to, [485].
Missouri River, the, [6];
Joliet and Marquette at the mouth of, [69], [297], [457], [477], [478], [479], [483], [489].
"Mitchigamea," village of, [72].
Mitchigamias, the, [308].
"Mitchiganong, Lac" (Lake Michigan), [477].
Mobile Bay, [129], [385], [386], [387], [389], [481], [482], [483].
Mobile, city of, [309], [467].
Mohawk River, the, [483].
Mohawks, the, [91];
Bruyas among, [115];
Jesuit mission among, [118];
Father Hennepin among, [135], [136], [483].
Mohegan Indians, the, [285], [295], [486].
Moingona, the, [223].
Moingouena (Peoria), [65].
Monso, the Mascoutin chief,
plots against La Salle, [174], [177], [192].
Monsonis, the, at Saut Ste. Marie, [51].
Montagnais, the, [59].
Montezuma, [487].
Montreal,
La Salle at, [10];
the most dangerous place in Canada, [10];
detailed plan of, [13];
Frontenac at, [87];
Frontenac has it well in hand, [96];
Joutel and Cavelier reach, [462], [475].
Montreal, Historical Society of, [17].
Moranget,
La Salle's nephew, [379], [384], [385], [405], [412], [415], [420], [424];
quarrel with Duhaut, [425];
murder of, [426], [433].
Moreau, Pierre, [78].
Morel, M., [360].
Morice, Marguerite, [7].
Motantees (?), the, [307].
Mozeemlek, the, [486].
Mustang Island, [375].
-N-
Nadouessious (Sioux), the, [307].
Nadouessioux, the country of, [307].
Natchez, the,
village of, [303];
differ from other Indians, [304];
customs of, [304], [308].
Natchez, city of, [304].
Neches River, the, [415], [470].
Neenah (Fox) River, the, [44].
Neutrals, the,
exterminated by the Iroquois, [219].
New Biscay, province of, [346], [348], [352], [383], [403].
New England Indians, the, [285].
New Leon, province of, [468].
New Mexico, [5], [350];
Spanish colonists of, [414].
New Orleans, [483].
New York,
the French in western, [19]-[23], [288], [483].
Niagara,
name of, [139];
the key to the four great lakes above, [140], [197], [198], [279].
Niagara Falls, [23];
Father Hennepin's account of, [139];
Hennepin's exaggerations respecting, [248], [476].
Niagara, Fort, [129], [138], [148].
Niagara Portage, the, [144], [145].
Niagara River, the, [23], [96];
Father Hennepin's account of, [139], [475].
Nicanopé, [175], [177], [178], [192].
Nicollet, Jean,
reaches the Mississippi, [3];
among the Indians, [3];
sent to make peace between the Winnebagoes and the Hurons, [4];
descends the Wisconsin, [5].
Nika,
La Salle's favorite Shawanoe hunter, [412], [421], [425];
murder of, [426].
Nipissing, Lake, [28].
Nipissings, the,
Jean Nicollet among, [3];
Dollier de Casson among, [16];
André makes a missionary tour among, [41];
at Saut Ste. Marie, [51].
Noiseux, M., Grand Vicar of Quebec, [82].
North Sea, the, [38].
Nueces, the upper, [469].
-O-
Oanktayhee, principal deity of the Sioux, [267].
O'Callaghan, Dr., [139].
Ohio River, the, [15], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [29], [32];
La Salle affirms that he discovered, [32];
the "Beautiful River," [70], [297], [307], [457], [477], [478], [479], [480], [483].
Ohio, Valley of the,
La Salle aims at the control of, [102].
Ojibwas, the, at Ste. Marie du Saut, [39].
Olighin (Alleghany) River, the, [307].
"Olighin" (Alleghany) River, the, [483].
Omahas, the, [478].
Omawha, Chief, [175].
Oneida Indians, the, [18], [91], [135].
Ongiara (Niagara), [139].
Onguiaahra (Niagara), [139].
Onis, Luis de, [373].
Onondaga,
La Salle goes to, [29];
the political centre of the Iroquois, [87];
Hennepin reaches, [135].
Onondaga Indians, the, [91];
Bruyas among, [115].
"Onontio," the governor of Canada, [54].
Ontario, Lake, [16];
discovered, [20], [23], [58], [85], [87];
Frontenac reaches, [89], [96], [99], [128], [135], [147], [200], [279], [475], [476], [479].
Ontonagan River, the, [39].
Orange, settlement of (Albany), [136].
Oris, [384].
Osages, the, [174];
deep-rooted jealousy of the Illinois for, [174], [184], [477].
"Osages, Rivière des" (Missouri), [70].
Osotouoy, the, [300].
Ottawa, town of, [75], [169], [193].
Ottawa River, the, [27], [30], [462], [476].
Ottawas, the, [27];
Marquette among, [40];
terrified by the Sioux, [41];
La Salle forbidden to trade with, [125];
La Salle trades with, [156], [182].
"Ouabache" (Wabash), River, the, [70], [297].
Ouabona, the, join La Salle's colony, [316].
"Ouabouskiaou" (Ohio) River, the, [70], [477].
"Ouaboustikou" (Ohio), the, [480].
Ouasicoudé, principal chief of the Sioux, [264];
friendship for Hennepin, [266], [277].
Ouchage (Osages), the, [477].
Ouiatnoens (Weas), the,
join La Salle's colony, [316].
Oumalouminek, the, [61].
Oumas, the, [305].
Oumessourit (Missouris), the, [478].
"Oumessourits, Rivière des" (Missouri), [70].
Outagamies (Foxes), the,
location of, [43].
Outagamies, the,
encounter with La Salle, [160], [161], [287].
Outrelaise, Mademoiselle d', [167].
Outrelaise, the Rivière del', [167].
-P-
Pacific coast, the, [480].
Pacific Ocean, [84].
Paget, [366].
Pahoutet (Pah-Utahs?), the, [478].
Pah-Utahs (?), the, [478].
Palluau, Count of, see Frontenac, Count.
Palms, the River of, [307].
Paniassa (Pawnees), the, [478].
Panuco, Spanish town of, [350].
Paraguay, the old and the new, [102], [103], [104], [117].
Parassy, M. de, [356].
Patron, [274].
Paul, Dr. John, [317].
Pawnees, the, [478].
Peanqhichia (Piankishaw), the,
join La Salle's colony, [316].
"Pekitanouï" River (Missouri), the, [69], [477].
Pelée, Point, 26, [197].
Pelican Island, [379].
Peloquin, [150].
Pen, Sieur,
obligations of La Salle to, [434].
Peñalossa, Count, [350].
Penicaut,
customs of the Natchez, [304].
Pennsylvania, State of, [346].
Penobscot River, the, [483].
Pensacola, [472].
Peoria Indians, the,
villages of, [171], [223], [477].
Peoria Lake, [171], [190], [211], [296].
Peouaria (Peoria), [65].
Pepikokia, the,
join La Salle's colony, [316].
Pepin, [276].
Pepin Lake, [256], [271], [272].
Péré, [58].
Perrot, the curé, [98].
Pérrot, Nicolas,
meeting with La Salle, [30];
accompanies Saint-Lusson in search of copper mines on Lake Superior, [49];
conspicuous among Canadian voyageurs, [49];
characteristics of, [50];
marvellous account of the authority and state of the Miami chief, [50];
at Saut Ste. Marie, [51];
local governor of Montreal, [87];
quarrel with Frontenac, [96];
arrested by Frontenac, [96];
the Abbé Fénelon attempts to mediate between Frontenac and, [97];
attempts to poison La Salle, [116].
Peru, [350].
Philip, King, [288].
Philip II. of Spain, [373].
Phips, Sir William,
makes a descent on Joliet's establishment, [77].
Piankishaws, the, [223];
join La Salle's colony, [316].
"Picard, Le" (Du Gay), [186].
Pierre, companion of Marquette, [78], [80].
Pierron, the Jesuit, [115];
among the Senecas, [115].
Pierson, the Jesuit, [279].
Pimitoui River, the, [171].
Platte, the, [207].
Plet, François, [127], [293], [463].
Poisoning, the epoch of, [179].
Ponchartrain, the minister, [133], [276], [455], [467], [486], [489].
Pontiac, assassination of, [314].
Pottawattamies, the,
in grievous need of spiritual succor, [24];
the Sulpitians determine to visit, [24];
at the Jesuit mission of St. Esprit, [40];
location of, [42], [50], [77];
friendly to La Salle, [155], [182], [236], [237], [238];
Tonty among, [287];
at "Starved Rock," [314].
"Poualacs," the, [481].
Prairie du Chien, Fort, [64].
Prairie, Nation of the, [44].
Provence, [441].
Prudhomme, Fort, [297];
La Salle ill at, [311].
Prudhomme, Pierre, [297], [298].
Puants, les (Winnebagoes), [42].
Puants, La Baye des (Green Bay), [31], [42].
-Q-
Quapaws, the, [300].
Quebec, [15];
the Jesuits masters at, [108], [311], [460], [462], [482].
Queenstown Heights, [138].
Queylus, Superior of the Seminary of St. Sulpice, [11], [16].
Quinipissas, the, [305];
attack La Salle, [310].
Quinté, Jesuit Mission at, [16].
Quinté, Bay of, [87], [142], [200].
-R-
Radisson, Pierre Esprit, reaches the Mississippi, [5].
Raffeix, Father Pierre, the Jesuit,
manuscript map of, [75];
among the Senecas, [141], [276], [481].
Raoul, [126].
Rasle, [170].
Raudin,
Frontenac's engineer, [92], [167], [481].
Raymbault, ——,
preaches among the Indians, [5].
Récollet Missions,
Le Clerc's account of, [246].
Récollets, the,
La Salle not well inclined towards, [108];
protected by Frontenac, [109];
comparison between the Sulpitians and the Jesuits and, [112], [218].
Red River, [305], [347], [348], [451], [465], [466], [471], [483].
Renaudot, Abbé,
memoir of La Salle, [106], [107];
assists La Salle, [127], [133], [339], [360], [361].
Renault, Étienne, [223], [237].
Rhode Island, State of, [288].
Ribourde, Gabriel,
at Fort Frontenac, [132], [137];
at Niagara, [150];
at Fort Crèvecœur, [185], [187], [192], [216], [224], [229];
murder of, [233].
Riggs, Rev. Stephen R.,
divisions of the Sioux, [261].
Rio Bravo,
French colony proposed at the mouth of, [350].
Rio Frio, the, [469].
Rio Grande River, the, [309], [376], [403], [465], [469].
Rios, Domingo Teran de los, [471].
Robertson, [103].
Rochefort, [352], [366], [393].
Rochelle, [129], [364], [393], [462].
"Rocher, Le," [314];
Charlevoix speaks of, [314].
Rochester, [140].
Rocky Mountains, the, [260], [308], [309].
Rouen, [7].
Royale, Isle, [38].
"Ruined Castles," the, [68], [457].
Rum River, [265].
Ruter, [445], [446], [447], [448];
murders Liotot, [449], [470], [472].
-S-
Sabine River, the, [415], [451], [465].
Saco Indians, the, [227].
Sacs, the,
location of, [43];
at Saut Ste. Marie, [51].
Sâgean, Mathieu,
the Eldorado of, [485]-[489];
sketch of, [486];
Saget, La Salle's servant, [425];
murder of, [426].
Saguenay River, the, [76];
Albanel's journey up, [109].
St. Anthony, city of, [267].
St. Anthony,
the falls of, [267];
Hennepin's notice of, [267], [478], [482].
St. Antoine Cape, [372].
St. Bernard's Bay, [394], [469].
St. Clair, Lake, [476].
St. Claire, Lake, [152].
St. Croix River, the, [277].
St. Domingo, [347], [350], [367], [370], [393], [418], [468].
St. Esprit, Bay of (Mobile Bay), [129], [386], [389], [481].
St. Esprit,
Jesuit mission of, [40];
Indians at, [40].
St. Francis, Order of, [133].
St. Francis River, the, [265].
"St. François," the ketch, [368];
loss of, [369].
St. François Xavier,
council of congregated tribes held at, [43].
St. Ignace, Point, [41], [59];
Jesuit chapel at, [82].
St. Ignace of Michilimackinac, [81];
La Salle reaches, [153];
inhabitants of, [153].
"St. Joseph," the ship, [330].
St. Joseph, Lac (Lake Michigan), [155].
St. Joseph River, the, [44], [162], [163];
La Salle on, [164], [203];
La Forest on, [236], [283], [288].
Saint-Laurent, Marquis de, [367], [368].
St. Lawrence River, the, [3], [12], [13], [15], [34], [63], [89], [122], [197], [198], [219], [475], [480], [481], [483], [489].
St. Louis, city of, [70].
St. Louis, Bay of (Matagorda Bay), [376], [379], [394], [466], [468], [469], [471].
St. Louis, Castle of, [87].
St. Louis, Fort, of the Illinois, [241];
location of, [314];
La Salle's Indian allies gather at, [315];
location of, [316];
total number of Indians around, [317];
the Indians protected at, [320];
La Barre takes possession of, [327];
attacked by the Iroquois, [327], [347];
restored to La Salle by the King, [351];
Tonty returns to, [454];
Joutel at, [457];
condition of, [458];
Joutel's return to, [460];
Tonty leaves, [465];
reoccupied by the French, [468], [486].
St. Louis, Fort, of Texas, [394], [395];
life at, [397];
La Salle returns to, [411], [415];
Twelfth Night at, [417];
Duhaut resolves to return to, [446];
abandoned by Louis XIV., [463];
the Spaniards at, [469];
desolation of, [469].
St. Louis, Lake of, [13], [14], [19].
St. Louis, Rock of, see "Starved Rock."
St. Louis River, the, [307], [483].
Saint-Lusson, Daumont de,
sent out by Talon to discover copper mines on Lake Superior, [49];
winters at the Manitoulin Islands, [50];
received by the Miamis, [50];
at Saut Ste. Marie, [51];
takes possession of the West for France, [52];
proceeds to Lake Superior, [56];
returns to Quebec, [56].
St. Malo, [5].
St. Paul, site of, [257].
St. Peter, the Valley of the,
unprovoked massacre by the Sioux in, [254], [260].
St. Peter River, the, [486].
Saint-Simon, [343].
St. Simon, mission of, [41], [42].
St. Sulpice,
Seminary of, [10];
buys back a part of La Salle's seigniory, [16];
plan an expedition of discovery, [16].
Ste. Barbe, mines of, [348].
Sainte Claire, [152].
Sainte-Famille, the, association of,
a sort of female inquisition, [111];
founded by Chaumonot, [111];
encouraged by Laval, [111].
Ste. Marie, Falls of, [155].
Ste. Marie du Saut,
the Sulpitians arrive at, [27];
Jesuit mission at, [39];
a noted fishing-place, [39];
Saint-Lusson takes possession for France of, [52].
San Antonio, the, [469].
Sanson, map of, [139].
Santa Barbara, [348].
Sargent, Winthrop, [182].
Sassory tribe, the, [423].
Sauteurs, the, [39];
the village of, [51].
Sauthouis, the, [300].
Saut Ste. Marie, the, [27];
a noted fishing-place, [42];
gathering of the tribes at, [51], [475].
Sauvolle, [489].
Schenectady, [483].
Schoolcraft, the Falls of St. Anthony, [267].
Scioto River, the, [32].
Scortas, the Huron, [238].
Seignelay, Marquis de,
memorials presented to, [35], [120], [274], [342];
La Barre defames La Salle to, [322], [344];
object of La Salle's mission, [352];
letters of Beaujeu to, [354]-[356];
complaints of Beaujeu, [370];
complaint of Minet, [378];
receives Beaujeu coldly, [389];
Jesuit petitions to, [459];
Cavelier's report to, [462], [463].
Seignelay River (Red River), the, [167], [347], [348], [483].
Seneca Indians, the, [14], [19], [20];
villages of, [21];
their hospitality to La Salle, [21];
cruelty of, [22], [29], [91];
Pierron among, [115];
village of, [138];
jealous of La Motte, [140];
La Motte seeks to conciliate, [140], [141];
pacified by La Salle, [142];
the great town of, [279];
Denonville's attack on, [460].
Seneff, bloody fight of, [134].
Severn River, the, [203].
Sévigné, [343].
Sévigné, Madame de,
letters of, [179].
Shawanoes, the, [23], [225], [285], [307];
join La Salle's colony, [316], [320].
Shea, J. G.,
first to discover the history of Joliet, [58];
the journal of Marquette, [75];
death of Marquette, [81], [82], [115];
the "Racines Agnières" of Bruyas, [136];
the veracity of Hennepin, [244];
critical examination of Hennepin's works, [247];
Tonty and La Barre, [454];
story of Mathieu Sâgean, [486].
Silhouette, the minister, [34].
Simon, St., memoirs of, [167].
Simonnet, [126].
Sioux Indians, the, [6];
at the Jesuit mission of St. Esprit, [40];
break into open war, [41];
the Jesuits trade with, [110], [182], [207], [228];
capture Father Hennepin, [245], [250];
suspect Father Hennepin of sorcery, [253];
unprovoked massacres in the valley of the St. Peter, [254];
Hennepin among, [259]-[282];
divisions of, [260];
meaning of the word, [260];
total number of, [261];
use of the sweating-bath among, [263];
Du Lhut among, [276], [307], [480].
Sipou (Ohio) River, the, [307].
"Sleeping Bear," the,
promontory of, [81].
Smith, Buckingham, [471].
Society of Jesus, the,
a powerful attraction for La Salle, [8];
an image of regulated power, [8].
Sokokis Indians, the, [227].
Soto, De, Hernando, see, De Soto, Hernando.
South Bend, village of, [164].
Southey, the poet, [182].
South Sea, the, [6], [14], [38], [46], [52], [63], [70].
Spain,
war declared against, [464];
claims the Gulf of Mexico, [468].
Spaniards, the,
discover the Mississippi, [3];
Talon's plans to keep them in check, [48];
Louis XIV. irritated against, [344];
in Mexico, [349];
at Fort St. Louis of Texas, [469].
Spanish Inquisition, the, [350].
Spanish missions, the, [414], [471].
Sparks,
exposes the plagiarism of Hennepin, [247], [468].
"Starved Rock," [169];
attracts the attention of La Salle, [192];
Tonty sent to examine, [192], [205], [217], [221], [239];
description of, [313];
La Salle and Tonty intrench themselves at, [313];
described by Charlevoix, [314];
origin of the name, [314].
"Sturgeon Cove," [77].
Sulpice, St., [9].
Sulpitians, the,
plan an expedition of discovery, [16];
join forces with La Salle, [17];
set out from La Chine, [19];
journey of, [19], [20];
meeting with Joliet, [23];
determine to visit the Pottawattamies, [24];
La Salle parts with, [25];
spends the winter at Long Point, [25]
resume their voyage, [26];
the storm, [26];
decide to return to Montreal, [26];
pass through the Strait of Detroit, [26];
arrive at Ste. Marie du Saut, [27];
the Jesuits want no help from, [27];
comparison between the Récollets and, [112].
Superior, Lake, [5];
Ménard attempts to plant a mission on southern shore of, [6];
Allouez explores a part of, [6];
Joliet attempts to discover the copper mines of, [23], [27];
the Jesuits on, [37];
the Jesuits make a map of, [38];
Saint-Lusson sets out to find the copper mines of, [49];
Saint-Lusson takes possession for France of, [52], [273], [276], [475];
map of, [476], [477], [479], [481].
Susquehanna River, the, [483].
Sweating-baths, Indian, [262].
-T-
Table Rock, [139].
Tadoussac, [59].
Taensas, the,
great town of, [301];
visited by Membrè and Tonty, [301];
differ from other Indians, [304].
Tahuglauk, the, [486].
Taiaiagon, Indian town of, [138].
Talon, [15].
Talon,
among the Texan colonists, [471].
Talon, Jean, Intendant of Canada,
sends Joliet to discover the copper-mines of Lake Superior, [23];
claims to have sent La Salle to explore, [31];
full of projects for the colony, [48];
his singular economy of the King's purse, [48];
sends Saint-Lusson to discover copper mines on Lake Superior, [49];
resolves to find the Mississippi, [56];
makes choice of Joliet, [56];
quarrels with Courcelle, [56];
returns to France, [57], [60], [109].
Talon, Jean Baptiste, [472].
Talon, Pierre, [472].
Tamaroas, the, [223], [235], [286], [297].
Tangibao, the, [305].
Tears, the Lake of, [256].
Tegahkouita, Catharine, the Iroquois saint, [275], [276].
"Teiocha-rontiong, Lac" (Lake Erie), [476].
Teissier, a pilot, [407], [421], [425], [451], [458].
Tejas (Texas), [470].
Terliquiquimechi, the, [348].
Tetons, the, [260].
Texan colony, the,
fate of, [464]-[473].
Texan expedition, La Salle's, [391]-[419], [434].
Texan Indians, the, [470].
Texas,
fertile plains of, [308];
French in, [348];
shores of, [374];
La Salle lands in, [379];
application of the name, [470], [483].
Theakiki, the, [167].
Thevenot,
on the journal of Marquette, [75];
map made by, [478].
Third Chickasaw Bluffs, the, [297].
Thomassy, [115], [175], [296], [298], [302], [308].
Thouret, [201], [238], [333], [342].
Thousand Islands, the, [89].
Three Rivers, [3], [86], [90].
Thunder Bay, [275].
Tilly, Sieur de, [99].
"Tintons," the, [481].
Tintonwans, the, [260].
Tongengas, the, [300].
Tonty, Alphonse de, [467].
Tonty, Henri de, [127];
renders assistance to La Salle, [128];
in Canada, [129];
La Motte at Niagara, [140];
sets out to join La Motte, [141];
almost wrecked, [142];
at the Niagara Portage, [144]-[147];
the building of the "Griffin," [144]-[148];
the launch, [149], [154], [155];
rejoins La Salle, [162];
among the Illinois, [172];
the attempt to poison La Salle, [179];
Hennepin sent to the Mississippi, [187];
La Salle's parting with, [188];
sent to examine "Starved Rock," [192], [194];
deserted by his men, [199], [217];
the journey from Fort Crèvecœur, [201];
La Salle's best hope in, [202];
La Salle sets out to succor, [203];
La Salle has fears for the safety of, [209];
sets out to examine "Starved Rock," [217];
in the Illinois village, [223];
attacked by the Iroquois, [225];
intercedes for the Illinois, [228];
peril of, [229];
a truce granted to, [229];
departs from the Iroquois, [233];
falls ill, [236];
friends in need, [237];
La Salle hears good news of, [287];
meeting with La Salle, [292];
sets out from Fort Miami, [296];
among the Arkansas Indians, [300];
visits the Taensas, [301];
illness of La Salle, [310];
sent to Michilimackinac, [311];
intrenches himself at "Starved Rock," [313];
left in charge of Fort St. Louis, [326], [334], [337];
attempts to attack the Spaniards of Mexico, [349], [355], [361], [421], [425];
the assassination of La Salle, [430], [433];
the murder of Duhaut, [448];
among the Assonis, [452];
plans to assist La Salle, [453]-[455];
his journey, seeking news of La Salle, [454], [455], [458];
in the Iroquois War, [460];
Cavelier conceals La Salle's death from, [461];
learns of La Salle's death, [464];
revives La Salle's scheme of Mexican invasion, [465];
sets out from Fort St. Louis of the Illinois, [465];
deserted by his men, [465];
courage of, [465];
difficulties and hardships, [466];
attacked by fever, [467];
misrepresented, [467];
praises of, [467];
joins Iberville in Lower Louisiana, [467], [486].
Topingas, the, [300].
Torimans, the, [300].
Toronto Portage, the, [293].
Toulon, [463].
"Tracy, Lac" (Lake Superior), [476].
Trinity River, the, [413], [424], [434], [439], [465].
"Tsiketo, Lac" (Lake St. Clair), [220].
Turenne, [17].
Two Mountains, Lake of, [82].
-U-
Upper Lakes, the, see Lakes, Upper.
Ursulines, the, [95].
Utica, village of, [79], [169], [170], [220], [239].
-V-
Vaudreuil, [276].
Vermilion River, the, [221], [225], [226].
See also Big Vermilion River, the.
"Vermilion Sea" (Gulf of California), the, [15], [38], [74], [480].
"Vermilion Woods," the, [241].
Verreau, H., [98].
Vicksburg, [300].
"Vieux, Fort Le," [314].
Villermont, Cabart de,
letters of Beaujeu to, [357]-[360];
letter of Tonty to, [454].
Virginia, [288], [346], [483].
"Virginia, Sea of," [6], [74].
Voltaire, [7].
-W-
Watteau, Melithon, [150].
Weas, the,
join La Salle's colony, [316].
West Indies, the, [181], [404], [446], [489].
Wild Rice Indians (Menomonies), the, [61].
William, Fort, [275].
William III. of England, [282].
Winnebago Lake, [43], [44], [62].
Winnebagoes, the,
Jean Nicollet sent to, [4];
quarrel with the Hurons, [4];
location of, [42];
at Saut Ste. Marie, [51].
Winona, legend of, [271].
Winthrop, [213].
Wisconsin, shores of, [157].
Wisconsin River, the, [5], [63], [245], [265], [266], [272], [278], [477], [478], [480].
Wood, Colonel,
reaches the Mississippi, [5].
-Y-
Yanktons, the, [260].
Yoakum, [470].
You, [210].
-Z-
Zenobe (Membré), Father, [181].
