France and England in North America, Part VI : Montcalm and Wolfe

by Francis Parkman

C.

Cabinet, the. See [British Ministry].
Cadet, Joseph, II. [175]; official knavery, II. [22]-[28], [30], [319], [358], [385]; ministerial rebukes administered to, II. [31]-[33]; oppresses the Canadians, II. [169], [170]; supply-boats sent to Quebec, II. [198]; relations with Vaudreuil, II. [199], [319], [323]; his manner of living, II. [203]; thrown into the Bastille, II. [385]; his trial, II. [385], [386].
Cæsar, dog owned by Wolfe, II. [189].
Cahokia, French settlement at, I. [41].
Caldwell, site of, I. [498].
Calvin, John, I. [27]; his doctrines preached to the army, I. [295], [296], II. [120], [121].
Cambis, batallion of, II. [54].
Campbell, Lieutenant Alexander, II. [435].
Campbell, Major Colin, sent for news by Dinwiddie, I. [229].
Campbell, Donald, II. [433].
Campbell, Duncan, II. [93]; his premonitions of death, II. [93], [435]; his death and burial, II. [109], [433], [435], [436]; the legend of Inverawe, II. [433]-[436]; vision of the child, II. [435], [436].
Campbell, James, II. [433]; vision seen by the child, II. [435], [436].
Campbell, John, letter from, to Buchanan, quoted, I. [227].
Campbell, Captain John, his death, II. [109].
Canada, I. [24], [38], [39], [67 note], [76], [91], [111], [239], [319], [326], [376], II. [23], [389]; conquest of, by England, I. [2], [3]; plans and political intentions of England with regard to, I. [1]-[3]; censuses of, I. [20], [94 note]; French possessions in, I. [20]; difference in the political and religious systems, from those of the English colonies, I. [20], [21]; Catholicism in, I. [21], II. [412]; aspects of, under the Church and King, I. [22]-[24]; lack of popular legislation in, I. [35]; the governors largely naval officers, I. [36]; line of military posts connecting with Louisiana, I. [36]-[40], [80]; methods of warfare and organization, I. [62], [143], [144]; mission of Piquet, I. [67]; method of building up a town, I. [77]; La Jonquière succeeds La Galissonière as governor of, I. [82]; importance of Fort Chartres, I. [84]; internal disorders of, I. [86], [87]; official knavery and stealing, I. [87], [88], II. [22]-[38], [171], [319], [321], [322], [358], [385], [386]; confines of, I. [125]; enmity towards New England, I. [169], [170], [176]; Governor de Vaudreuil despatched to, I. [182]; French expedition sails for, under Dieskau, I. [182], [183]; plans of Shirley in regard to, I. [192], [193]; plans of the English to repel the French in, I. [234]; importance of the possession of Acadia, I. [237]; return of Bigot, I. [253]; conditions leading to the removal of the Acadians, I. [253]-[266] (see [Acadia] and [Acadians]); the governor of, depends on the priests for aid, I. [260]; the Great Company, I. [283]; the English victorious, I. [307]-[309]; importance of the position of Niagara, I. [318], II. [249]; the fur-trade, I. [320]; growth of political parties in, I. [367], [368], [466]; the French troops and the militia, I. [368], [368 note], [370], [371], [372], [467], [468], II. [178], [360]; descriptions given by Montcalm, I. [372], [373]; descriptions given by Duchat, I. [379], [380]; causes of the English losses, I. [417]-[420]; life at Montreal, I. [453]; its government, II. [17], [18]; social and official life, II. [18]-[22], [28]-[30]; financial condition, II. [31]-[33]; efforts of Massachusetts to subdue, II. [84], [85], [115]; mission settlements of the Jesuits, I. [144], [145]; appeal made to court for assistance and troops, II. [173]-[177]; fall of Quebec, [195]-[234], [259]-[326] (see [Quebec]); effect of losing Fort Niagara, II. [249]; the result of Amherst's campaign, II. [252], [253]; Montcalm's position, II. [262]; authorities concerning the history of, II. [325 note, 326 note]; English rule, II. [332]; its winter, II. [333]; passes to the British crown, II. [360]-[382], [395]; Montreal capitulates, II. [372]-[374]; return of the troops to France, II. [374], [383], [384]; utterances from the pulpits after the fall of, II. [377]-[379]; her natural defences, II. [380]; end of the war, II. [378]-[382]; aided by Indians, II. [381], [382]; question of restoration to France, II. [403], [407]; predictions of Choiseul, II. [403], [404]; retention of, by England, approved by Pitt, II. [407]; the peace signed at Paris, II. [407].
Canadians, the, I. [22], [23], [68], [79]; their missions and religion, I. [22], [23], [64], [67], [72]; sent to watch the English frontier, I. [116]; join the expedition of Duquesne to the Ohio, I. [128]-[135], [143]-[161]; at Fort Duquesne, I. [208]; number of, fighting under the French flag, I. [211]; their cowardly action, I. [215]; losses of, at the battle of the Monongahela, I. [223], [223 note]; a litigious race, I. [259]; rapacity of, I. [283]; harsh treatment of the Acadians, I. [283]; under Dieskau, I. [296], [299], [303], [304], [307]; the battle of Lake George, I. [299], [304]-[317]; attacked by a party from Fort Lyman, I. [308], [309]; troops at Fort Frontenac, I. [324]; political parties among, I. [367], [368]; join the expedition of Léry, I. [374], [375]; guard Fort Frontenac, I. [376]; mode of fighting, I. [377]; at Ticonderoga, I. [378], [442]; harass the English, I. [388], [393]; evils of long encampments, I. [402]; under Rigaud, I. [408]; capture of Oswego, I. [409]-[420]; under Montcalm, I. [421]; join the war-party of Perière, I. [429]-[431]; disguised as Indians, I. [429], II. [221]; fight with Rogers' rangers, I. [445]; the attack upon Fort William Henry, I. [447], [448], [476], [477], [490]-[513], [514 note]; exaggerated praise given by Vaudreuil, I. [460]-[462]; their sentiment towards Montcalm, I. [463], [464]; fortified camps of, I. [477]; dash at Fort Edward, I. [485]; orders of Vaudreuil in relation to the return of, II. [3], [4]; the fight at German Flats, II. [6], [7]; join Hebecourt, II. [12]; official knavery, II. [22]-[38]; outrages practised upon the Acadians, II. [26]; loss of Louisbourg, II. [52]-[81]; under Montcalm at Ticonderoga, II. [104]; under Lévis, II. [109]; meet the war-party of Rogers, II. [124]; encounter with Major Grant, II. [152]-[154]; sent to Montcalm, II. [165], [166]; comments of Montcalm concerning, II. [168], [169]; their sufferings, II. [169], [170]; their loyalty and courage, II. [169], [170]; their alarm and discontent, II. [171], [172]; siege and fall of Quebec, II. [195]-[234], [259]-[326]; first proclamation issued by Wolfe, II. [213], [214]; desert the French, II. [219], [222], [223], [264], [265], [365], [366]; fight like Indians, II. [221]; coureurs-de-bois, II. [221]; their dread of the Indians, [222], [223]; Wolfe's second proclamation, II. [225], [226]; the siege of Niagara, II. [243]-[249]; the third proclamation of Wolfe to, II. [261]; dread of losing their supplies, II. [264]; defend Cap-Rouge, II. [279]; last movement of Wolfe, II. [280]-[297]; rally at Côte Ste.-Geneviève, II. [300], [301]; panic stricken, II. [302]; the army to return to Quebec, II. [310]-[314]; bring news to Quebec of promised help, II. [315], [316]; the capitulation of Quebec, II. [316]; the ladies, II. [329]; befriended by Murray, II. [331]; kindness to some wounded officers, II. [332]; threatened the English, II. [335], [336]; encounter with Major Dalling, II. [336]; fresh efforts to attack Quebec, II. [338], [340], [341]-[358]; the winter, II. [339], [340]; at Sainte-Foy, II. [342], [442]-[444]; the fall of Canada, II. [360]-[382]; Murray advances upon Montreal, II. [363]-[366]; proclamation of Vaudreuil, II. [366]; their privileges as set down in the capitulation of Canada, II. [374]; kindly treated by the English, II. [374], [375]; skilful leadership of, II. [381].
Canard River, I. [268]; reconnoissance of, I. [272]; the inhabitants summoned by Winslow to hear the King's orders, I. [271], [272].
Candiac, château of, I. [356], [453]; family seat of Montcalm, I. [356], [359], II. [317]; departure of Montcalm from, I. [360].
Canidia, I. [438].
Cannibalism among the Indians, I. [85], [478], [480], [483], [484], II. [339].
Canseau, garrison at, I. [92]; destroyed by the French, I. [93].
Canseau, Straits of, I. [109].
Cap-Rouge, II. [209], [224], [271], [276], [278], [288], [332], [342], [357]; held by Dumas, II. [228]; defended by the French, II. [279], [280], [282], [283]; the fall of Quebec, II. [304]; expedition of Lévis, II. [343], [344].
Cap-Santé, II. [19].
Cape Breton, I. [28], [91], [95 note], [98], [105], [108], [178], II. [384], [385]; restoration of, by England to France, I. [2], [3]; the Acadians transported to, I. [235], [235 note]; importance of the possession of Acadia to the French, I. [237]; papers and writings relating to, I. [243 note]; plans of the English with regard to the Acadians, I. [264], [265] (see [Acadia] and [Acadians]); description of, II. [52]-[54]; arrival of Boscawen's expedition, II. [56]; the capitulation of Louisbourg, II. [74], [75]; given up to England, II. [405].
"Capricieux," the, II. [81 note]; number of her guns, II. [54 note]; burned at anchor, II. [67].
Card-playing, I. [270].
Carillon (see [Ticonderoga]), II. [435].
Carleton, Sir Guy, II. [190], [440]; lands at Point-aux-Trembles, II. [224]; drives the Indians from Point-aux-Trembles, II. [225].
Carlisle, Penn., I. [227], II. [135]; village of, II. [136]; departure of Forbes, II. [136].
Carlos III., secret negotiations of Choiseul with, II. [396]; succeeds to the throne of Spain, II. [396]; the Family Compact, II. [396].
Carter, Colonel Charles, letter to, cited, I. [229].
Carter, Landon, quoted, concerning the service of the country, I. [331].
Carteret, Earl Granville. See [Granville].
Carthage, I. [192], [419], II. [377].
Carthagena, attack on, I. [245].
Cartier, Jacques, II. [339].
Carver, Jonathan, his version of the massacre at Fort William Henry, I. [511]; his narrow escape, I. [511], [512]; his "Travels," I. [514 note].
Cascades, the, II. [370].
Casgrain, Abbé, cited, I. [330 note], II. [341 note].
Castor, Isle au, II. [20].
Caswell, Jonathan, his letter concerning the expedition sent against Crown Point, I. [292].
Catawbas, their service sought by the English army, II. [139], [140].
Catherine II., reigns in Russia, II. [399]; conciliated by Frederic, II. [399].
Catholicism, I. [64], [359]; II. [412]; the tithes of, I. [13]; policy of rule held by, I. [21], [22]; in Maryland, I. [33]; freedom of, accorded to the Acadians, I. [91], [112]; evil influence of the priests upon the Acadians, II. [91], [94], [98], [102], [103], [106], [107], [243], [244], [257], [260]-[266], [283]; in the English colonies, I. [193]; in Pennsylvania, I. [339]; in Europe, I. [355]; influence over the Indians, I. [479], [480].
Caughnawaga, I. [485]; Indian mission at, I. [64], II. [144].
Caughnawagas, the, I. [23], [209], [476], II. [123], [126].
Cavaliers, the, I. [29].
Cayugas, I. [391]; efforts of the French to convert, I. [65].
"Célèbre," the, number of her guns, II. [54 note]; burned by the English, II. [66].
Céloron de Bienville, I. [37], [77 note], [84 note], [128], [133]; despatched to the West to hold the land for France, I. [37]-[62]; at Ogdensburg and Niagara, I. [38]; leaden plates buried by, I. [43], [48], [50], [62 note]; inscription on the plates, I. [43], [48], [62 note]; the plates discovered, I. [48], [62 note]; visits the Senecas, I. [44], [45]; drives out the English from the West, I. [44]-[46]; extract from his writings, I. [45 note], [50]-[53], [62 note]; encounter with Indians at Scioto, I. [48], [49]; name given by, to the Kenawha River, I. [48 note]; failure of his plans with regard to La Demoiselle, I. [51], [52]; return of his party to Canada, I. [52], [53]; journey to the Ohio, I. [65]; visits the mission of Father Piquet, I. [65]; at Detroit, I. [76], [77]; his character, I. [77]; ordered to attack Pickawillany, I. [81]; orders from La Jonquière, I. [84].
Celts in Pennsylvania, I. [31].
Census, the, taken in Acadia and Canada, I. [20], [20 note], [94 note], [124], II. [178].
"Centurion," the, II. [229], [231]-[233].
Cerberus, dog belonging to Piquet, I. [69].
Chambly, Fort, I. [453]; abandoned by the French, II. [368].
Chambord, I. [10].
Champlain, Lake, I. [2], [23], [192], [289], [294], [298], [321], [378], [398], [399], [407], [418], [428], [435], [442], [448], [453], [476], [477], II. [88], [99], [121], [178], [196], [238], [249], [250], [252], [361], [362].
Chandler, a chaplain, his diary quoted concerning the camp at Lake George, I. [314], [315].
Chaplains, II. [116], [117]; their pay, I. [386]; their accommodations, I. [405 note].
Charles VI., his will, I. [18]; death of, I. [18]; his will set aside, I. [18], [19].
Charles River, II.

[297].
Charlesbourg, II. [21], [22], [265], [307].
Charlestown, II. [256], [257]; road built by Amherst, II. [241].
Charlevoix, I. [360].
Charters, I. [25].
Chartres, Fort, I. [40], [41], [76]; increasing power of the English, I. [83].
Château battery, the, II. [208].
Châtelet, the, II. [385].
Chaudière River, the, I. [169], [381]; fortifications on, I. [192].
Chautauqua Lake, I. [39].
Chebucto, plan for making a naval station by the English, I. [92]; harbor of, I. [92]. See [Halifax].
Chenitou (Chignecto), I. [117 note].
Cherbourg, II. [47].
Cherokees, the, I. [68], [139], [466], II. [417]; their service sought by the English army, I. [139], [140].
Chester County, I. [347].
Chesterfield, Lord, I. [8]; his opinion of Lord Albemarle, I. [180]; acts as mediator, II. [41]; his despondency, II. [45].
"Chèvre," the number of her guns, II. [54 note].
Chew, Ensign, II. [140 note].
Chickasaws, the, I. [139].
Chignecto, I. [117 note]; preparations of the French to attack, I. [239]; proposal to give the land to English settlers, I. [257].
Chignecto Bay, I. [94], [120].
Chignecto Channel, I. [267].
Chiningué, I. [46], [53], [133].
Chinodahichetha, name given by Céloron to the Kenawha River, I. [48 note].
Chipody, I. [120], [121], [247], [254]; news of disaster, I. [275].
Choctaws, the, I. [68], [466].
Choiseul, Duc de, II. [393]; made minister of foreign affairs, II. [393]; sketch of, by Stanley, II. [393], [394]; his character, II. [394]; propositions made to Pitt, II. [394], [395]; terms of peace offered to England, II. [395]; his forethought, II. [396]; the Family Compact, II. [396]; his negotiation with Pitt proves fruitless, II. [396]; desires peace with England, II. [402], [403]; his predictions concerning American possessions, II. [403], [404].
Christ Church, Philadelphia, II. [162].
Christianity, Indian followers of, I. [41], [42], [485], [487].
Christmas Day, II. [335].
Church of Notre Dame de Quebec, II. [442].
Church of Rome. See [Catholicism].
Church of the Jesuits, the, after the siege, II. [328].
Clare River, I. [283].
Claverie, La Friponne, II. [24].
Cleaveland, Miss Abby E., II. [117 note].
Cleaveland, John, chaplain of Bagley's Massachusetts regiment, II. [76], [115]; extract from his diary, II. [115], [117 note], [127]; report concerning the defences of Abercromby, II. [115], [116]; extract from letters to his wife, II. [116], [117 note]; preaching on Sunday, II. [117]; his illness, II. [120].
Clergy, the, how considered during the reign of George II., I. [7]; the condition of, in France, I. [12], [13], [14], [15]; corruption of, I. [12]; influence of, in regard to the oath of allegiance for the Acadians, I. [106]. See [Acadians].
Clergy battery, the, II. [208].
Clerk, engineer under Abercromby, II. [103]; reconnoitres the French works, II. [103].
Clermont, I. [10]; recalled, II. [47].
Clinker, Humphrey, I. [178].
Clinton, George, Governor of New York, I. [88 note]; desirability of an Indian alliance, I. [59]; invites commissioners from the provinces to meet the Indians at Albany, I. [61]; quotation from, concerning the neglect of New York to protect Indian trade, I. [61], [62]; Johnson's complaints of the French dealings with the Indians, I. [64]; quarrels with the Assembly of New York, I. [73]; complaints concerning invasions of territory by the French, I. [79].
Clive, the victory of Plassey, II. [45].
Cobequid, I. [106]; formerly the name of Truro, I. [94]; Acadian emigration from, I. [109]; mountains of, I. [269]; failure of the expedition to, I. [280], [281].
Cocquard, Father Claude Godefroy, I. [413]; his remarks concerning the fall of Oswego, I. [413].
Cod, Cape, I. [246]; soldiers from, for the French campaigns, I. [246].
Coffen, Stephen, deposition of, I. [131 note].
Colbert, II. [410].
Colden, Alexander, II. [432].
Coldfoot, a Miami chief, I. [82].
Coldstream Guards, the, I. [191].
College of the Jesuits, the, after the siege, II. [3]-[8].
"Comète," number of her guns, II. [54 note].
Commissioners of boundary, I. [122], [123]-[128], [236]-[238]; commissioners of Indian affairs, I. [172]-[176], [195].
Condé, I. [10], II. [184].
Conflans, Admiral, II. [401].
Congregationalists in the army, II. [117].
Congress at Albany, of Indians and English, I. [172]-[176].
Connecticut, I. [61], [246], [286], [291], [304], [402]; appointment of the governor of, I. [25]; extent of the New England border, I. [28]; soldiers in the expedition against Crown Point, I. [290], [291]; recruits sent to Johnson, I. [313], [314]; to provide an officer for the English garrison, I. [315]; money granted to, from Parliament, I. [382 note]; her sacrifices in times of war, II. [86]; provincials under Abercromby, II. [93]; men serving under Putnam, II. [122].
Connecticut River, the, II. [254], [256].
Conner, James, English scout, I. [415]; visits Oswego, I. [415]; the news of the loss carried to Fort Johnson, I. [416].
Contades, I. [10]; appointed to command, II. [47].
Contrecœur, I. [429]; succeeds Saint-Pierre in command, I. [143], [144]; commandant at Fort Duquesne, I. [147], [208], II. [423]; Jumonville sent on an expedition to warn the English to leave the West, I. [148]; harangues the Indians, I. [154]; consults with Beaujeu, I. [210], [211]; his resolution to despatch forces to meet Braddock, I. [210], [211]; waits at Fort Duquesne, I. [211], [212]; return of the troops after defeating Braddock, I. [221], [222]; Dumas succeeds at Fort Duquesne, I. [329], [330]; orders concerning prisoners, I. [330 note]; receives the cross of the Order of St. Louis, II. [426].
Conway, General, letter from Walpole, II. [358].
Cook, his voyages, II. [411].
Cork, I. [182].
Cope, Major Jean-Baptiste, Indian chief, I. [104]; signs a treaty of peace with the English, I. [104], [105]; the murder of Capt. Howe, I. [118], [119].
Corbière, Colonel Parker's company taken, I. [484].
Corlaer, Indian word for the English, I. [487].
Corneille, II. [9].
Cornier, Madame, I. [455].
Cornwallis, Lord, I. [93].
Cornwallis, Edward, uncle of Lord Cornwallis, I. [93]; made governor of Acadia, I. [93]; opinions of Wolfe and Horace Walpole concerning, I. [93], [110]; makes the oath of allegiance more strict for the Acadians, I. [97]-[99]; his successor, I. [104]; efforts of, to compel the Acadians to swear fidelity to England, I. [105]; discovers the treachery of the French, I. [107]; misplaced confidence in the French crown, I. [111]; angry letter written to the Bishop of Quebec, I. [107]; relations with the French and Acadians, I. [107], [108], [110], [111]; his speech to the Acadians, I. [110]-[112]; mild rule of, in Nova Scotia, I. [113], [257]; his opinion of Le Loutre, I. [114].
Corpron, II. [30]; his official knavery, II. [22]-[24]; thrown into the Bastille, II. [385].
Cortland, manor of, I. [32].
Cosnan, Captain, II. [221].
Côte d'Abraham, II. [342].
Côte Ste.-Geneviève, II. [300], [301], [342].
Côteau du Lac, the, II. [370].
Coudres, Isle aux, II. [198], [260]; ordered to be evacuated, II. [199]; Admiral Durell, at, II. [203].
Coureurs-de-bois, II. [178], [221].
Courserac, II. [81 note]; sent to the English camp from Louisbourg, II. [73], [74].
Courtemanche, his advance upon Fort William Henry, I. [491].
Courts-martial in the English army, II. [236].
Courval, the French firerafts commanded by, II. [227].
Crawford, Chaplain William, letter to Timothy Paine, I. [404]; his account of the provincial camp, I. [404], [405].
Croghan, George, I. [42], [203]; Indian trader, I. [54]; expedition of, to the Ohio, I. [54]-[59]; sent to the Miamis to promote friendly feelings, I. [59], [60], [60 note]; reward offered for his scalp, I. [79]; accusations against, I. [80]; brings Indians to Braddock's camp, I. [203].
Crown Point, I. [24], [174], [289], [327], [378], [453], II. [87], [102]; capture of, planned, I. [192]-[194], [285]; expedition against, led by Colonel William Johnson, I. [194], [196], [285]-[317], [374], [382]; French designs in relation to, I. [289], [293], [295]; reached by Dieskau, I. [296]; the battle, I. [303]-[316]; result of the expedition, I. [313], [314]; importance of, I. [378]; plan of capture by Shirley, I. [381], [382], [384], [398]; expeditions of Rogers' rangers, I. [433]-[437]; Winslow's regret at the failures of the English, I. [439]; the scouting-party of Rogers, I. [441]-[445]; captured by Amherst, II. [235]-[240], [265]; retreat of the French, II. [238], [239]; new fort built by Amherst, II. [240], [241], [252]; the situation between French and English, II. [361].
Cruger, Mayor, difficulty in quartering the troops in New York, I. [440].
Cruikshank, Captain, affront given to a provincial regiment, II. [119].
Culloden, battle of, I. [6], [8], [19], II. [185].
Cumberland, Duke of, I. [194], [253], II. [40], [41]; his place as a soldier, I. [179]; his opinion of Major-General Braddock, I. [181], [182]; military plans of, I. [234]; his prejudice against Shirley, I. [421]; miscarriage of his plans, II. [45]; recalled from Germany, II. [47].
Cumberland, Nova Scotia, I. [268].
Cumberland, Penn., I. [423].
Cumberland County laid waste, I. [344].
Cumberland Fort, I. [203], [225]-[229], II. [133]; erection of, I. [200]; distance from Little Meadows, I. [206]; Colonel James Innes, commander of, I. [226]; Indians attack the frontier, and murder the settlers, I. [329]-[331], [342]; name given to Beauséjour, I. [253], [255] (see [Beauséjour]), [267], [281], II. [181]; St. Patrick's Day celebrated, II. [182].
Cummings, C. F. Gordon, II. [436].
Cummings, Colonel, disgraceful order of Abercromby to, II. [114].