NOTE.
Of the accompanying maps, the first two were constructed for the illustration of this work. The others are fac-similes from the surveys of the engineer Thomas Hutchins. The original of the larger of these fac-similes is prefixed to the Account of Bouquet’s Expedition. That of the smaller will be found in Hutchins’s Topographical Description of Virginia, etc. Both of these works are rare.
Index.
A. Abbadie. See D’Abbadie. Abenakis, some of them present at the battle of the Monongahela, [88], [114]. Abercrombie, General James, has a force of 50,000 men, [96]; fails in his attack on Ticonderoga, [98], [99]. Acadia ceded to the English crown, [79]; disputes respecting its boundaries, ib.; reduced by Col. Monkton, [92]; the inhabitants transported, ib. Albany, meeting of colonial delegates there, [83]; a rendezvous for Indian traders, [117]. Algonquin family of Indians, found over a vast extent of territory, [35]; their inferiority to the Iroquois, [40]; points of distinction, ib.; their legends, [40]; and religious belief, [41]; Algonquin life, [38], [39]. Allegory uttered by Pontiac, [153]-155. Ambuscade at the Devil’s Hole, [330]; a convoy lost there, [330]; another ambuscade, [331]. Amherst, Sir Jeffrey, afterwards Lord Amherst, takes Louisburg, [98]; also Ticonderoga and Crown Point, [100]; captures Montreal, [110]; sends a force to take possession of the western posts, [126]; his contempt and careless treatment of the Indians, [138] note, [147]; his letter to Major Gladwyn, [182] note; his uncomfortable position, [297]; his inadequate comprehension of the Indian war, [298]; takes measures to reinforce the frontier garrisons, [299], [300]; hears of the murders near Detroit, [301]; determines on “quick retaliation,” [301]; wishes to hear of no prisoners, [302]; his blustering arrogance, [303] note; proposes to infect the Indians with small-pox, [304]; his anger at the feeble conduct of the Pennsylvania Assembly, [344]; resigns his office as commander-in-chief, [346]; his ignorance of Indian affairs, [388]. Andastes, swept away before the Iroquois, [32]; a remnant of them at Conestoga, [359] note. Armstrong, Colonel, his expedition against the Indians on the upper Susquehanna, [346]. Atotarho, name of the presiding sachem of the Iroquois: strange legend concerning the first of the name, [23], [24]. B. Baby, a Canadian near Detroit, supplies food to the garrison, [186]; scene between him and Pontiac, [193]; befriends the garrison, [214]. Ball-play, Indian, described, [250]; a prelude to the massacre at Michillimackinac, [250]. Barbarity, Indian, shocking instances of, [28], [61], [175], [176], [180] note, [201] note, [221], [252], [262], [290] note, [336], [337]. Bartram, John, the botanist, quoted, [26], [27] note. Beaujeu, a French captain, leads a sortie of French and Indians against Braddock’s army, [88]; wounded in the fray, [90]. Bedford, Fort, repels an Indian attack, [283]; crowded with fugitives, [306]; reinforced, [317]. Belètre, captain, commandant at Detroit, [128]; surrenders to Major Rogers, [129]. Bird, Dr. Robert M., his story of “Nick of the Woods,” [358]. Blacksnake, a Seneca warrior, [331] note. Blane, Lieutenant Archibald, commands at Fort Ligonier, [306]; successfully defends the fort against an attack of the Indians, [308], [309];
vents his complaints of the service, [389]. Bloody Bridge fight, [229] et seq.; great loss of the English, [234]. Boscawen, Admiral Edward, captures a French squadron previous to a declaration of war, [84]; and thus begins the war of 1755, [85]; the act condemned by English writers, [85] note. Bouquet, Colonel Henry, his history, [297]; his letter to Sir Jeffrey Amherst, [295]; an excellent officer, [298]; his correspondence with Amherst and others about the war, [299] et seq.; his “truculent letter” to Amherst about extirpating the Indians, [302]; hears of the destruction of the frontier garrisons, [302]; he will try to send the small-pox among the Indians, and proposes to hunt them with English dogs, [304]; is displeased with the surrender of Presqu’ Isle, [308]; complains of the negligence of the people of Pennsylvania, [310]; his campaign against the Indians, [315] et seq.; difficulties and dangers of the march, [317]; attacked by the Indians at Bushy Run, [319]; his masterly stratagem, [322]; and complete success, [323]. See [Appendix D]. Arrives at Fort Pitt, [325]; his dissatisfaction with the service, [390]; severely blames the government of Pennsylvania, [422]; sets out from Carlisle on an expedition against the Delawares and Shawanoes, [424]; is displeased with Colonel Bradstreet, [424]; arrives at Fort Pitt, [426]; sends a message to the Delawares, [426]; good effect of the message, [427]; difficulties of the march through the woods, [427]; the troops cross the Muskingum, [428]; their number and fine appearance, [430]; the commander holds a council with the Delawares, [430]; his speech to them, [432]-434; effect of the speech, [434]; his decisive tone, [434]; the Indians submit and give up their captives, [435], [436]; number of the captives, [437]; meeting of friends long separated, [441]-443; some touching incidents, [443]; the troops, having accomplished their work, return home, [448]; Bouquet made a brigadier general, [449]; his death, [450]. See [Appendix F]. Braddock, General Edward, sails in command of a military force for Virginia, [84]; his character, [86]; his duel with Gumley, [86] note; his march through the wilderness, [87]; difficulties of the advance, ib.; the ambuscade, [89]; the battle, [90]; the utter defeat, [91]; Braddock’s insane behavior, [92]; his death, ib.; the terrible carnage, ib.; the disgraceful rout, ib.; the unhappy results, [92], [93]. Bradstreet, Colonel John, captures Fort Frontenac, [78], [391]; his expedition against the north-western Indians, [392] et seq.; the troops leave Niagara and embark on Lake Erie, [399], [400]; he is shamefully duped by wily Indian foes, [401]; he is reprimanded by General Gage, [402] note; arrives at Sandusky, [403]; his imbecility, [403]; reaches Detroit, [404]; returns to Sandusky, [413]. Brebeuf, Jean de, a Jesuit missionary, his appalling fate, [51]. Bushy Run, severe battle there with the Indians, [319] et seq.; the enemy repulsed, [323]; and totally routed, [323]; the losses on both sides, [324]. See [Appendix D]. C. Cadillac, La Motte, founds Detroit, [159]. Cahokia on the Illinois, a French settlement, [57], [120], [459]; described, [499]; Pontiac killed there, [499], [500]. Calhoun, a trader, betrayed by the Indians, but escapes, [280], [281]. Campbell, Lieutenant George, killed with all his command at Niagara, [332] note. Campbell, Captain, commands at Detroit, [137]; discovers an Indian plot, [137], [138]; second in command, [174]; treacherously detained in captivity by Pontiac, [179], [180];
exposed by Indians to the fire of English guns, [195]; cruelly murdered by the Indians, [221], [222]. Canada, a child of the church, [49]; settled under religious impulses, [50]; characteristics of the population, [47], [160]; the fur-trade, [48]; the true interest of the colony neglected, ib.; Jesuit missionaries in, [50]; want of energy in the common people, [53], [57]; advantages for intercourse with the Indian tribes, [59]; the colony suffers from the hostility of the Iroquois, [61]; Canada an object of the bitterest hatred to the English colonies, and why, [79]; surrendered to the English arms, [109]; Canadians excite the Indians to attack the English, [134], [135], [240]. Canadians compared with the people of New England, [47]-49; their false representations of the English colonists, [141]; their character, [160]; unfriendly to the English after the conquest, [134], [135], [240]. Cannibalism of the Indians, [262]. Captives taken in war by the Indians, their treatment, [28], [61], [180] note, [445]-448, [466] note; sometimes they prefer to remain with the Indians, [446]. Carlisle, Pa., a frontier town in 1760, [279]; panic among the inhabitants, [311]; deplorable scenes there, [312]; many leave the place for Lancaster and Philadelphia, [313]; it becomes the outer settlement, [336] note. Carver, Capt. Jonathan, the traveller, [166]; his account of the conspiracy of Pontiac, [166] note, [167]; other statements made by him, [236], [237] note; his description of Minavavana, the Ojibwa chief, [264], [265] note; his account of the death of Pontiac, [500] note. Cayugas, one of the Five Nations, [20]. See Iroquois. Champlain, Samuel de, attacks the Iroquois, [60]; the baleful consequences, ib.. Cherokees attacked by the Iroquois, [74]; remain quiet during the Pontiac war, [356]. Chippewa Indians. See Ojibwa nation. Chouteau, Pierre, one of the first settlers of St. Louis, [463]; surprising changes witnessed by him, ib.; the author visits him, ib. note; remembers seeing Pontiac, [463] note, [498]. Christie, Ensign, defends the fort at Presqu’ Isle, [209]-211; surrenders, [212]; escapes and arrives at Detroit, [213]; a further account of the matter, [288] note. Church, Roman Catholic, its zeal for the conversion of the Indians, [46]. Clapham, Colonel, murdered by the Indians, [280] note. Colden, Governor of New York, refuses to have the Moravian Indian converts brought within his province, [375]. Colonies of France and England, their distinctive traits, [46], [59]. Compton, Henry, bishop of London, advises William Penn to buy land of the Indians, [69]. Conestoga, a settlement of friendly Indians, [359]; their manner of life, [360]; suspected of hostile practices, ib.; a massacre there, [361]. See [Appendix E]. Conner, Henry, Indian interpreter, his statement respecting Pontiac’s birth, [139] note; his account of the disclosure of the plans of Pontiac, [164]-166. Conference of Indians with Sir William Johnson at Niagara, [395]; they ask forgiveness, [398]. Conspiracy of the Indians against the English after the French war, [131]; its causes, [131]; the English neglect to cultivate their friendship, [133]; disorders of the English fur-trade, [133]; intrusion of settlers on the Indian lands, [133]; the arbitrary conduct of Sir Jeffrey Amherst, [147]; the discontent of the Indians artfully increased by the French, [134]; Indian plot to destroy the English, [137]; a great crisis for the Indian race, [140]; the conspiracy discovered, [165], [166]; treachery of Pontiac, [169]-174; the war begins, [175];
attack on the fort at Detroit, [177], [178]; negotiation, [179]; comes to no good result, [180] et seq. Conyngham, Redmond, publishes an account of the massacre at Conestoga, [361] note. Council of Indians summoned by Pontiac, [151] et seq.; appearance of Pontiac, [152]; his speech, [153] et seq.; council-house at Onondaga, [21] note, [26], [27]. “Coureurs de bois,” or bush-rangers, [68], [160]; their degradation, ib.; and superstition, [68]; excite the Indians against the English, [135]. Creek nation hostile to the English, [356]. Creoles along the Mississippi, their character and modes of life, [459]. Croghan, George, his representations to the Lords of Trade, [387]; they are disregarded, [389]; sent to negotiate with the western Indians, [475]; his convoy seized by the Paxton men, [476], [477]; at Fort Pitt he meets Indians in council, [480]; finds them undecided in their plans, [480]; descends the Ohio, [484]; is attacked by the Kickapoos, [485]; arrives at Vincennes, [485]; meets with Pontiac, who offers the calumet of peace, [486]; proceeds to Detroit, [487]; holds a council there with the Indians, [487]-490; his speech to the Ottawas, [488]; outdoes the Indians in the use of figurative language, [488], [489] note; his complete success, [490]. Crown Point, a French fort erected there, [79]; plan for its reduction, [86]; the plan fails, [93]; another attempt, [99]; the fort evacuated, [100]. Cumberland County, Pa., settled by the Scotch-Irish, [335]. Cusick, a Tuscarora Indian, the historian of his tribe, [24], [25] notes. Cuyler, Lieutenant, leaves Niagara with a reinforcement for Detroit, [198]; is attacked by Indians, [199]; fate of his detachment, [200]. D. D’Abbadie, governor of the French, New Orleans, [472]; gives audience to the messengers of Pontiac, [473]; refuses aid, ib.; dies, ib. Dahcotah, their estimated military strength, [265]; their hatred of the Ojibwas, [268]; their interference saves the English garrison at Green Bay, ib. Dalzel, Captain, leaves Niagara with a reinforcement for Detroit, [226]; attacked by the Indians, [227]; arrives at Detroit, ib.; his night attack on the Indians, [228]; his great bravery, [231]; falls in the action, [232]. Davers, Sir Robert, murdered by Indians, [176]; the transaction erroneously reported, [196]. Delaware tribe of Indians, a brave and generous people, [36]; called also Lenni Lenape, [35]; the parent stem of the Algonquin tribes, ib.; subjugated by the Iroquois, [19]; recover their independence, [36]; their treaty with William Perm, [36], [70]; oppressed by his descendants, proprietors of Pennsylvania, [71]-74, [84]; driven from their homes, [73]; some of them present at the battle of the Monongahela, [88]; in alliance with the French, [111]; attack the English settlements, [111]; their number estimated, [115]; where located in 1760, [116]; found at present beyond the Mississippi, [36]; incensed against the English, [134]; a Delaware prophet, his wide influence, [136]; the Delawares attack Fort Pitt, [284], [292]; attack a body of British troops at Bushy Run, [319]; are repulsed with great loss, [323]; moral effect of the affair, [326]; their hostile inroads in Pennsylvania, [345]; a party of them brought prisoners to Albany, [356]; their inveterate hostility, [410], [413]; their worthless promises, [414]; they sue for peace, [431]-436. Detroit founded, [159]; description of, [159], [160], [163]; held by a French garrison, [52], [57], [100], [126], [128]; it capitulates to the English, [129], [130]; its population at that time, [159]; character of its inhabitants, [160]; the fortifications, ib.;
the British garrison in 1760, [163]; plan of Pontiac to seize the fort, [165], [166]; the plot revealed, [166]; See [Appendix C]. Pontiac in Detroit, [169] et seq.; attack on the fort [170], [171]; distress of the garrison, [185]; Detroit alone of all the frontier posts escapes capture by the Indians, [204]; the garrison reinforced, [216]; Gladwyn holds a council with the Canadians, [216], [217]; his speech to them, [217]; Indian attempt to burn an armed schooner, [223]; the garrison again reinforced, [227]; their numbers, [234]; a supply of provisions collected, [351]; the Ojibwas and other tribes ask for peace, ib.; the siege of Detroit abandoned, [353]; moral effect of the failure, [355]; the garrison continue to be harassed by Indian hostility, [404]; arrival of Bradstreet with a large military force, ib.; he meets the Indians in council, [405]; his absurd demands, [406]; gives great offence to the Indians, [407]. Devil’s Hole, near Niagara, described, [330]; a convoy attacked there by Indians, ib.; the fearful issue, [331]. Dieskau, Louis Auguste, Baron, sails from Brest with troops for Canada, [84]; his defeat at Lake George, [94]-95; wounded dangerously, but not mortally, [95], [96] note. Dinwiddie, Robert, Lieutenant-Governor of Virginia, remonstrates against French encroachment, [80]. Dionondadies, or Tobacco Nation, [30]. Dogs, proposal to hunt the Indians with them, [304]; the plan given in detail, [305] note. E. Easton, Pa., peace there made with the Indians, [111]. Ecuyer, Captain Simeon, commander at Fort Pitt, [279]; his letters to Colonel Bouquet quoted, [279], [280] note, [282], [284], [293]; his answer to the proposal to surrender, [285]; his answer to a similar and subsequent demand, [292]; his precautions for the safety of the fort, [295] note; his gallant conduct, [294]; his discontent at the service, [390]. Elder, John, pastor at Paxton, Pa., his creditable military career, [343]; his report to Governor Perm, [343] note; his character, [360]; preaches to armed men, ib.; endeavors to divert the Paxton men from their murderous design, but in vain, [363]; his letter to Colonel Burd, [365] note. See [Appendix E]. Eliot, Charles, brave action of his, [312]. English colonies, their characteristics as contrasted with those of France, [46], [47], [48], [59], [64]; neglect to cultivate the friendship of the Indians, [65], [131]; plan for a union of these colonies, [83]; its failure, and the reason why, [84]; English colonies, their exposure to Indian hostility, in 1760, [147]; how far they extended at that time, [277]. English treatment of the Indians, [65], [131], [140], [147]; English parsimony towards them, [131]. See [Appendix B]. English fur-trade badly conducted, [133]; profligacy of the traders, ib.; treatment of the Indians by the soldiers in garrison, ib. Eries, Indian tribe, destroyed by the Iroquois, [32]. Etherington, Captain George, commands at Michillimackinac, [246]; is warned of danger, ib.; his disregard of the warning, ib.; his extreme carelessness, [250]; the massacre of his men, [251]; he is taken by the Indians, [206], [251]; his letters quoted, [205], [266]; how he passed the night after the massacre, [256], [257]; his complimentary letter to Colonel Bouquet on his promotion, [450]. F. Fire, torture by, inflicted by Indians, [28], [51], [61], [201] note, [290], [303] note. Fisher, Sergeant, murdered by the Indians, [175]; treatment of his body, ib. Forbes, General John, drives the French from Fort Du Quesne, [98], [111], [113].
Forest of the West, [114]; routes and modes of travel through it, [117]-120; the scattered Indian and French settlements, [115], [120]; the forest garrisons, [121]; hunters and trappers, [122]. Fort Du Quesne, built by the French, [86]; Braddock’s approach to it, [87]; taken by General Forbes, [98], [113]; the fort destroyed and rebuilt, [278]; and the name changed to Fort Pitt, [118]. Fort Le Bœuf, taken by the Indians after a gallant defence, [287], [288]. Fort Ligonier, [279]; attacked by Indians, [283], [308], [309]; the fort is reinforced and holds out to the end, [316]. Fort Miami taken by the Indians, [207]. Fort Pitt, originally Fort Du Quesne, [118], [126]; its commanding position, [278]; built on the ruins of the old fort, [278]; two roads from it to the English settlements, [278]; exposed to danger from the Indians, [279], [285]; strength of the garrison, [284]; attacked by Indians, [285]; the Indians frightened and withdraw, [286]; the surrender of the fort twice demanded, [286], [292]; a vigorous attack by the Indians, [294]; the attack ineffectual, [295]; the fort reinforced and secured from further danger, [324], [325]; brief history of the siege by one of the garrison, [325] note. Franklin, Benjamin, his account of the murder of Indians in Lancaster jail, [364] note; his energetic conduct in providing for the defence of Philadelphia, [377]. Fraser, Lieutenant Alexander, accompanies Croghan in an embassy to the Indians, [475]; visits the country of the Illinois, [481]; his account of that country, [459] note; is ill-treated and his life in danger, [481]; Pontiac saves his life, [482]; descends the Mississippi and arrives at New Orleans, ib. French colonies, their distinctive characteristics, [46] et seq.; devotion to the Romish church, [47], [48]; engaged in the fur-trade, [48]; their lack of energy, [53]; have an extended military frontier, [48], [56]; French plan to exclude the Anglo-Saxon race from the valley of the Mississippi, [56]; French expeditions against the Iroquois, [60]-62; French influence among the Indians widely extended, [63], [65]; instances of French inhumanity, [65], [66]; complaisance towards the savages, [66]; French blood mingles largely with Indian, [67], [163]; the French in the Ohio valley, [74]; obtain an influence over the Iroquois, [74], [75]; and over the Indians on the Ohio, [82]; occupation of Fort Du Quesne, [87]; driven from all their possessions in North America, [109]; French settlements in the Illinois valley, [120]; French policy towards the Indians, [132] note. See [Appendix B]. Frontenac, Count, Governor of Canada, aids the enterprises of La Salle, [55]; his expedition against the Iroquois, [61], [62]; cultivates the friendship of other Indians, [66]; burns alive an Iroquois prisoner, ib. Frontier of Virginia, [333]; of Pennsylvania, [334]; the frontiersman described, [333], [334]. Frontiers of the English provinces, [277]; how guarded, [277]; ravaged by the Indians, [296]; sufferings of the settlers, [306]; difficulties of communication between the outposts and the settled country, [309]; the frontiers desolated, [335] et seq.; consternation of the settlers, [336]; fearful scenes enacted, [337] et seq.; general distress, [342]; the number slain or captivated during four months, [357]; the frontier people make loud complaints of neglect, [357]; their resentment against the Quakers, ib.; their intense hatred of the Indians, [358]. See [Appendix E]. Fur-trade as carried on from Canada, [48], [59], [63]; from the English colonies, [63], [68]; the coureurs de bois, renegades from civilization, [68]; fur-trade, mode of operation, [118]; equipment and character of the fur-trader, [119], [122]; difficulties, hardships, and dangers of the way, [119], [120];
the call for energy and courage, [121]; character and habits of the existing trapper and hunter in the far west, [121], [122]; the white savage compared with the red, [121]; fur-trade as conducted by the English; its great faults, [133]; bad character of the English traders, [133]; French fur-traders inflame the resentment of the Indians, [134], [240]. G. Gage, General Thomas, present at Braddock’s defeat, [89]; receives a severe wound, [91]; his singular testimony concerning Pontiac, [191]; succeeds Amherst as commander-in-chief, [348]; sends a body of troops to Philadelphia, to protect it against the Paxton rioters, [376]. Galissonnière, Count, his plan of French colonization, [57]. Gallatin, Albert, quoted, [18], [32], [33]. Gates, General Horatio, present at Braddock’s defeat, [89]; severely wounded, [91]. Gladwyn, Major, commands at Detroit, [143], [157]; the hostile plans of Pontiac disclosed to him, [165]; his precautions, [167]; scene between him and Pontiac, [170], [171]; his letters to General Amherst, [172] note, [187] note; suffers Pontiac to escape, [171], [172], [174]; refuses to abandon the fort, [184]; Pontiac in vain endeavors to terrify him, [216]; Gladwyn holds a council with the Canadians, [217]-220; his speech to them, [217]; obtains a supply of provisions, [351]; proposes to exterminate the Indians by a free sale of RUM, [352], [353] note. Gladwyn, schooner, on her return to Detroit from Niagara, is attacked by Indians, [235], [236]; gallant defence by the crew, [235]; saved by a desperate expedient, [236]. Glendenning, Archibald, killed by the Indians, [337]; masculine spirit of his wife, [338]. Gnadenhutten, Pa., a Moravian missionary station, destroyed, [367]. Goddard, an English fur-trader, [244]. Godefroy, a Canadian, summons Fort Miami to surrender, [208]; goes to Illinois as interpreter to an English embassy, [408]; saves Morris’s life, [409]; stands firmly by his captain, [410]-413. Gordon, Lieutenant, commander at Fort Venango, [289]; tortured to death by the Indians, [290]; roasted alive during several nights, [303] note. Gorell, Lieutenant J., extracts from his journal, [118]; commands at Green Bay, [265]; his important duties, ib.; his prudent conduct, [266]; his speech to the Menomonies, [266], [267]; embarks with his garrison, [268]; arrives at Montreal, [268]. Goshen, N. Y., false alarm there; its singular cause, [329]. Gouin, ——, a Canadian, cautions Gladwyn, [165]; endeavors the security of British officers, [179]; his account of transactions near Detroit, [Appendix C]., [201] note. Grant, Mrs. Anne, her erroneous account of the murder of Sir Robert Davers, [196] note. Grant, Captain, in the disastrous affair at Bloody Bridge, [229], [230], [233]. Gray, Captain, falls in the fight at Bloody Bridge, [232]. Gray, a soldier at Presqu’ Isle, [286]; escapes massacre, [287]. Gray, Thomas, his “Elegy in a Country Church-Yard,” repeated by Wolfe, the night before his death, [104]. Green, Thomas, a trader, slain by the Indians, [281] note. Green Bay, a French settlement, [52], [57]; taken possession of by the English, [130]; its early history, [239]; an important post, [265]; abandoned by its commander, but its garrison preserved [267], [268]. Greenbrier, Va., attack on, [337]. “Griffin,” the first vessel built on the upper lakes, [54]; her voyage on Lakes Erie and Huron, ib.
H. Heckewelder, John, Moravian missionary, relates a curious story of the superstitious regard of Indians for insane persons, [283]. Hendrick, the Mohawk chief, slain at the battle of Lake George, [94]. Henry, Alexander, pioneer of the English fur-trade in the extreme North-west, [241]; his adventures, [241]; his interview with an Ojibwa chief, [241]-243; attacked by a party of Ottawas, [244]; an Ojibwa chief takes a liking to him, [246]; and warns him of danger, [247]; escapes the massacre at Michillimackinac, [252]; his account quoted, [251]-255; his extreme danger, [253]; his life spared, and the manner thereof, [252] et seq.; his further adventures, [256]-258, [263]; painted and attired like an Indian, [264]; extract from Henry’s Travels, [395], [396]; he is delivered from captivity and brought safely to Niagara, [400]. Hodenosaunee, the Indian name for the Five Nations, [19]. Holmes, Ensign, commander of Fort Miami, discovers a plot of the Indians against the English, [143]; the fort is taken, and he is killed by the Indians, [207]. Hopkins, Mr., of Wyoming, escapes the massacre there, [347], [348]. Howe, Lord, killed at Ticonderoga, [98]. Hughes, John, of Lancaster, Pa., details of his plan to hunt the Indians with dogs, [305] note. Hurons or Wyandots, their population, [30]; had characteristics in common with the Iroquois, [31]; their utter ruin and dispersion, [32]; present at Braddock’s defeat, [88]; their population estimated, [115]; their energy, [117]; a conquered people, [114]. I. Iberville, Lemoine d’, founds the colony of Louisiana, [56]. Illinois nation of Indians, [37]; tribes of which that nation was composed, [501] note. Illinois River, the region described, [452] et seq.; its early colonization, [456]-458; character of the first settlers, [458]; the population, its numbers and location, [459]; the Indians of that country, [460], [461]; the English take possession of Fort Chartres, and of the Illinois country, [471], [491]. Insanity, persons laboring under it, superstitious regard of Indians for, [283]. Indian summer described, [353], [354]. Indians, their general character, [15]; all live by the chase, ib.; their pride and self-consciousness, [15]; they cannot endure restraint, ib.; influence of the sachems, what, ib.; distinction between the civil and military authority, ib.; the Indian inflexibly adheres to ancient usages, [17]; division into clans, ib.; the totems, or symbols of the clans, ib.; peculiar character of the clan, ib.; its privileges, [18]; division of the Indian population into three great families, ib.; their dwellings and works of defence, [25]; their mode of life, [27]; their legendary lore, [40]; and religious belief, [41]; the unity of God unknown to them, [42]; the Indian character often mistaken, ib.; the Indian strangely self-contradictory, ib.; his character summed up, [43]-45; treatment of Indians by the French, [64]-67; by the English, [63]; by William Penn, [69]; by his sons, [71]; by the Quakers, [70], [71]; attitude of the Indian tribes towards the English in 1755, [78]; their alarm at the appearance of the French on the waters of the Ohio, [82]; the French conciliate them, [83]; effect on them of Braddock’s defeat, [92]; attached to the French interest, [114]; estimate of the Indian population in 1760 in the present territory of the United States, [115]; striking instance of Indian acuteness, [123] note; their feelings at the surrender of Detroit, [129]; intense hatred of the English takes possession of the Indians, [131];
its manifestations, ib.; treatment of the Indians by the English, [131], [132] note, [141]; plot formed for the destruction of the English, [137], [138]; their imperfect preparation for the war, [145]; defects of their social system, ib.; without any central authority, ib.; their chiefs had no power but of advice and persuasion, [146]; Indians will not submit to restraint or discipline, ib.; they are capricious and unstable, ib.; often desert their leaders, [146]; they are formidable in small detached parties only, ib.; they are fond of war and ready to engage in it, ib.; they never fight but when sure to win, [147]; alert and active, crafty and treacherous, they cause wide-spread havoc, but carefully avoid collision with a foe, ib.; Indians prone to quarrel, [151]; Indian council, [151] et seq.; war-dance, [176]; Indian attack on Detroit, [177] et seq.; idea of military honor, [184]; courage, [185]; sad effect of whiskey, [200]; Indians fight from ambush, [198]; Indian barbarity. See Barbarity, Indian. Indians attempt to destroy an armed schooner, [223]; their prolonged blockade of Detroit, [224]; a curious instance of Indian friendship, [246]; Indian ball-play, [250]; fearful massacre by Indians at Michillimackinac, [251] et seq.; cannibalism, [262]; revulsion of feeling, [262], [264]; Indian faithlessness, [147], [250], [281], [282]; Indians fight in ambuscade, [330], [344]; cannot stand before border riflemen, [344]; great conference of Indians at Niagara, [395] et seq.; veneration of Indians for the rattlesnake, [395] note; to some white people Indian life has charms, [446]; Indians of the Illinois, [460]; council of Indians meet Sir William Johnson at Johnson Hall, [327]; again at Niagara, [395]; council at Detroit, [487]-490; Indians are pleased when white men adopt their figurative language, [489] note. Iroquois, or Five Nations, afterwards Six Nations, [19]; the term often applied to the entire family of which they were a part, ib.; their extended conquests, ib. See [Appendix A]. Causes of their success, [20]; tribal organization, ib.; their manner of conducting public business, [21]; divided into eight clans, ib.; great power of this system, ib.; descent of the sachemship in the female line, [22]; extensive prevalence of this custom, ib. note; origin of the Iroquois, [23]; Indian tradition concerning it, [23], [24]; their fantastic legends, [24], [25]; rude state of the arts among them, [25]; their agriculture, ib.; their fortifications and strongholds, ib.; their dwellings, [26]; their life of excitement, [27]; preparation for war, [28]; return from war, ib.; fiendish cruelty, ib.; their boundless pride, [29]; military strength, ib.; destroy the Hurons, [31]; and several other Indian nations, ib.; their cruel treatment of captives, [32]; their licentiousness, [33]; their god of thunder, [41]; attack made on them by Champlain, [60]; they become the irreconcilable foes of the French colonies, ib.; their attack on Montreal, [61]; their extreme ferocity, ib.; expedition of Frontenac against them, [61], [62]; their rancor abates, [62]; irritated against the English and why, [74]; influence over them gained by Sir William Johnson, [76]. See [Appendix A]. They assume to dispose of lands in Pennsylvania, [72], [83]; treaty of alliance with them, [84]; they induce the Delawares to make peace with the English, [111]; flock to the British standard, [114]; estimate of their numbers, [115]; what their approach to civilization, [116]; meet Sir William Johnson in council, and are restrained by him from war against the English, [327]; the Senecas already at war with them, [137], [142], [290], [296], [327]; the Iroquois send a message to the Delawares, exhorting them to bury the hatchet, [328]; a war-party of the Iroquois goes out to fight the Delawares, [356];
their success, ib. J. Jacobs, mate of schooner Gladwyn, orders the vessel blown up, [235]; lost in a storm, [236] note. Jamet, Lieutenant, at Michillimackinac slain by the Indians, [251], [266]. Jenkins, Lieutenant Edward, taken prisoner by the Indians, [206]; his letter, [207] note. Jesuit missionaries in Canada, [50] et seq.; their religious zeal and enterprise, [51]; their sufferings, [52]; slender results, ib.; lead the van of French colonization, ib.; the firm auxiliaries of French power, ib. Jogues, Isaac, a Jesuit missionary, a captive among the Iroquois, [51]; tortured by them, ib.; his death, ib. Johnson, Sir William, settles on the Mohawk River, [76]; trades with the Indians, ib.; acquires great influence over them, ib. See [Appendix A]. Becomes a major-general and a baronet, [76]; repeatedly defeats the French, [77], [93]-96, [100]; his death, [77]; his good and bad qualities, ib.; his noble figure, [493]; his estimate of the Indian population, [115]; his annoyance from Indians, [118] note; his statement of the French policy toward the Indians and its results, [132] note; his letters quoted, [65] note, [328] note; his influence keeps the Indians around him quiet, [296]; convokes a council of the Six Nations and persuades them not to attack the English, [327]; arms his tenantry, [329]; their numbers, [328] note; offers fifty dollars each for the heads of two noted Delaware chiefs, [355]; sends messengers to the north-western tribes, [392]; meets a conference of Indians at Niagara, [395] note; his interview with Pontiac at Oswego, [492] et seq.; his address, [494]; his indecision at the outbreak of the Revolution, [77]; his death, ib. Johnston, Captain, cut off with nearly all his men, [331], [332] note. Jonois, a Jesuit priest, [205]; commended for humanity, [206], [256], [257], [259]; visits Detroit, [205], [259]. K. Kaskaskia, a French settlement, [57], [120]. Kickapoos attack George Croghan, [484], [485]. L. L’Arbre Croche, a settlement of the Ottawa Indians, [244], [258], [259], [268]. La Butte, interpreter to Major Gladwyn at Detroit, [171]; goes with a message to Pontiac, [178]; his fidelity suspected, [182]; Major Gladwyn confides in him, [187] note. Laclede, Pierre, the founder of St. Louis, [463]. Lake George, called Lac St. Sacrement, [97]; battle of, [93]-96; the lake described, [97]; the scene of active warfare, ib. Lallemant, Gabriel, missionary among the Hurons, tortured with fire, [51]; his lingering death, ib. Lancaster, Pa., jail, Indians lodged there for safety, [362]; the jail broken open and the Indians killed, [363], [364]; an account of the affair by Franklin, [364] note. Langlade, Charles, a resident at Mackinaw [251]; a witness of the massacre and careless about it, [252], [253]; kindness of his wife, [254]; he surrenders Mr. Henry to his pursuers, [255]; saves Henry’s life, [256]; his heartlessness, [257]; he and his father the first white settlers in Wisconsin, [251] note. La Salle, Robert Cavelier de, his great design, [53]; his character, [54]; builds his first vessel on the upper lakes, ib.; his voyage on Lakes Erie and Michigan, ib.; penetrates the region of the Illinois, [55]; his difficulties and embarrassments, ib.; descends the Mississippi, ib.; reaches its mouth, and takes possession of the whole immense valley for Louis XIV, [56];
ruin of his final expedition, ib.; his death, ib.; a further account of him, [456], [457]. La Verandrye attempts to reach the Rocky Mountains, [63]; penetrates to the Assinniboin River, ib. Legends of the Iroquois, their monstrous character, [24], [25], [40]; of the Algonquins, [41], [42]. Lenni Lenape, see Delawares. Leslie, Lieutenant, at Michillimackinac, [250]; taken by the Indians, [251], [268]. Loftus, Major, his abortive attempt to ascend the Mississippi, [469], [470]. Loskiel, Moravian missionary, quoted, [282]. Louisiana colonized, [56]. M. Macdonald, James, of Detroit, his account of the detention of two British officers, [181] note; his account of the death of Capt. Campbell, [222] note. McDougal, Lieutenant, of Detroit, visits the Indian camp and is treacherously seized, [179]; the McDougal MSS. quoted, [189]; escapes, [222]. McGregory, Major, attempts the fur-trade, but fails, [63]. Meloche, at his house two British officers are confined, [181], [187]; further notice of the house, [230]. Menomonies, their location, [265]; friends of the English in Pontiac’s war, [268]. Miami nation of Indians, [37]; friendly to the English, [78]; retained their ancient character, [117]. Miami fort. See Fort Miami. Michillimackinac, a French settlement and fort, [52], [57]; taken possession of by the English, [130]; captured by the Indians, [205]; the approach to it described, [238]; description of the place itself, [239], [249], [263]; import of the name, [239]; tradition concerning the name, [263] note; early history of the place, [239]; its population in 1763, ib.; Indian tribes in the vicinity, [240]; they join in the conspiracy of Pontiac, [245]; strength of the garrison at the time, [245]; warnings of danger, [246]; the evening before the massacre, [247]; the morning of the massacre, ball-play, [249]; the massacre, [251]; shocking scenes, [252]; followed by an Indian debauch, [256]; the Indians leave the place, [264]. See [Appendix C]. Military honor, Indian idea of it, [146], [184]. Minavavana, the great Ojibwa chief, called also the Grand Sauteur, [241]; his interview with Alexander Henry, [241]-243; his character and influence, [245]; leads the attack on Michillimackinac, [259]; his speech to the Ottawas, ib.; releases Mr. Henry, [261]; description of him from Carver’s Travels, [264] note; comes to Detroit to ask for peace, [487]. Missionary labors among the Indians by the Jesuits, [50] et seq., [64]; by the English, [64]. Mohawks, attack the Penobscot Indians, [19] note. “Mohog all devil!” [19] note. Mongrel population, French and Indian, [68], [163]. Monkton, General, reduces Acadia, [92]; commands under Wolfe in the expedition against Quebec, [103]; in command at Fort Pitt, [126]. Monongahela River, passage of by Braddock’s army, [87], [89]; Battle of, [90]-92. Montcalm (Louis Joseph de St. Véran), Marquis of, takes Oswego, [97]; captures Fort William Henry, ib.; repels the attack of General Abercrombie on Ticonderoga, [98], [99]; commands the army in opposition to Wolfe, [101]; his defeat and death, [109]. Montour, Captain, makes a successful inroad upon the Indians, [356]. Montreal, attack on it by the Iroquois, [61]; surrenders to the English forces, [110]. Moravian missions in Pennsylvania, [367]; the converts involved in danger from both the French and the English, ib.;
murder of some of them, [368]; the mission broken up and the converts removed to Philadelphia, [369]; sent thence to New York, [374], [375]; insulted by the mob, [369]; not allowed to enter New York or to stay in New Jersey, [375]; brought back to Philadelphia, [376]; remain there a whole year, [385]. Morris, Captain, goes on an embassy to the Illinois country, [407]; his interview with Pontiac, [408]; holds a council with the Indians, [409]; encounters a band of savage warriors, [410]; he is a captive among the Indians, [411]; expects to be tortured, [412]; is released, ib.; abandons his mission and returns to Detroit, [413]; reference to his published journals, ib.; returns home, meeting with disaster on the way, [415], [416]. N. Neutral Nation, why so named, [30]; their destruction by the Iroquois, [31]. New England, population contrasted with that of Canada, [47] et seq.; their energy and patient industry, [48]; did not obtain Indian lands but by purchase, [70] note. New York, Province of, suffers from Indian hostilities, [328]. Niagara, French fort there, [46], [57], [62]; attack on it by the English, [77]; failure of the attack, [92]; another attempt, [99]; the fort surrenders, [100]; great conference of Indians there, [395] et seq. O. Ohio River, no Indians dwelt on its banks, [120]. Ohio Company, formed, and for what purpose, [80]. Ohio Valley, proposal to secure it for the English, [80]; French settlements there, [57]; further encroachments, [74], [80] et seq.; alarm of the Indians of that vicinity, [82]; Ohio Indians at war with the English, [111]; estimate of their numbers, [115]; the Ohio valley described as it was in 1760, [114] et seq.; its population, [114] et seq.; routes of travel, [117]; modes of travel, [117]-120. Ojibwa nation of Indians, [38]; check the career of Iroquois conquest, ib.; their modes of life, [39]; sufferings in winter, ib.; some of them present at the battle of the Monongahela, [88]; join Pontiac in his attack on the English, [177], [186]; notice of their village on Mackinaw, [240]; a party of them described, [241]; interview with Alexander Henry, [241]-243; their slaughter of the English garrison at Michillimackinac, [250] et seq.; hated by the Dahcotahs, [267]; the Ojibwas ask for peace, [351]; they consult their oracle, [393]; the answer received, [394]; peace concluded, [399]. Oneidas, a tribe united in confederacy with four others, [20]. See Iroquois. Onondaga, council-house at, [21] note; description of it, [26], [27] note, [115]. Onondagas, a tribe included in the Confederacy of the Five Nations, [20]. See Iroquois. Oswego, an English fort there, [63]; taken by the French, [66], [97], [113]. Ottawas, [38]; present at the battle of the Monongahela, [88]; led by Pontiac, ib.; their village near Detroit, [163]; their attack on Detroit, [177], [180]; notice of their village near Mackinaw, [240]; a party of them visit Mackinaw and threaten English fur-traders, [244]; take English prisoners from the Ojibwas, [258]; a party of them take possession of Michillimackinac, [258]; collision with the Ojibwas, [258] et seq.; they incite the Delawares to war against the English, [285]; the Ottawas refuse to bury the hatchet, [352]; they meet Sir William Johnson at Niagara and make peace, [398]; at Detroit they meet George Croghan for a like purpose, [488]. Ourry, Captain Lewis, commander at Fort Bedford, [306];
his slender force, [306], [307]; his correspondence with Col. Bouquet, ib. Owens, David, diabolically kills and scalps his own Indian wife and several of her relations, [419], [422]. P. Paully, Ensign, a captive to the Indians, [202]; adopted as one of them, [203]; makes his escape, [221]. Paxton, in Pennsylvania, character of its inhabitants, [359]; its worthy minister, John Elder, [360]; a party of men proceed from this place and murder six friendly Indians, [360] et seq.; the survivors of the massacre lodged in Lancaster County jail, [362]. See [Appendix E]. The act causes great excitement, [365]; the deed justified from Scripture, [366]; the rioters march on Philadelphia to kill the Moravian converts, [373]; alarm of the citizens, [374], [378]; measures for defence, [377]; treaty with the rioters, [381]; they withdraw, [382]; a party of them make prize of Croghan’s goods, [476], [477]; they escape punishment and set the government at defiance, [478]. Pawnee woman saves the life of Alexander Henry, [252]; the Pawnee tribe, [252] note. Penn, William, his treatment of the Indians, [69]; pays twice for his lands, [70] note; his sons pursue a contrary policy, [70]. Pennsylvania, treatment of the Indians in, [69] et seq.; the “walking purchase,” [71]; shameful conduct of the proprietors, [72], [83]; Pennsylvania wasted by Indian war, [111]; extent of its settlements in 1760, [278]; the province refuses aid to its defenders, [310], [316]; distress of the inhabitants on its frontier, [313]; the frontier described, [334]; origin and character of the inhabitants, ib.; the frontier settlers betake themselves to flight before Indian ravage, [336]; general distress, [342]; measures of defence opposed by the Quakers in the Assembly, [343]; warfare along the Susquehanna, [346] et seq.; contests of the Assembly with the proprietary governors, [349]; vigorous measures at length adopted, [376]. Penobscot Indians attacked by the Mohawks, [19] note. Philadelphia, a place of outfit for the Indian trade, [118]; the Moravian converts removed thither, [369]; great alarm felt at the approach of the Paxton boys, [373]; the people called to arms, [377]; extreme excitement, [378]; treaty with the rioters, [381]. See [Appendix E]. Picquet, a Jesuit missionary, [52]; engages in military enterprises, [75]. Pittman, Captain, does not ascend the Mississippi, [470], [471]. Pittsburgh (Fort Du Quesne) occupied by the English, [81]; by the French, [87]; its capture by General Forbes, [98]. Pontiac, his origin, [139] note; leads the Ottawas out in the attack on Braddock’s force, [88], [139]; his interview with Rogers, [127]; his haughty behavior, [128]; his character, [128], [164], [173]; submits to the English, [127], [128]; his extensive influence among the Indians, [138]; his commanding energy, [139]; a fierce, wily savage, [139], [164], [173]; his great qualities, [139], [192]; his enduring fame, [193]; in alliance with the French, [139]; sends ambassadors to excite the Indians over all the West, [141]; listens to the falsehoods of the Canadians, [141]; resolves on war with the English, ib.; the proposal accepted, [142]; he collects a multitude of Indians in a council, [151]; his appearance, [152]; his speech, [153] et seq.; allegory told by him, [153]-155; his plan for an attack on Detroit, [156], [157]; performs a calumet dance within its walls, [157]; Pontiac at home, [164]; his plan to seize Detroit, [165], [166]; the plot revealed, [166]. See [Appendix C]. Pontiac admitted to the fort, [170], [174]; finds that his designs are known, [171];
his treachery, [172], [173]; scene between him and Gladwyn, [171], [172], [173]; Gladwyn permits him to escape, [172], [173]; Pontiac throws off the mask, [174]; the war begins, [175]; Pontiac enraged, [176]; the war-dance, ib.; attack on the fort, [177], [178]; his duplicity, [179]; detains two British officers, [181]; threatens to burn Gladwyn alive, [186]; visited by a deputation of Canadians, [187]-190; his speech to them, [188]-190; provides supplies of food for his followers, [190]; issues promissory notes for the payment, [191]; is desirous of learning war from Europeans, ib.; General Gage’s account of him, [191]; Major Rogers’s account, [192]; account of him by William Smith, [192] note; his magnanimity illustrated by anecdotes, [193], [194]; number of his followers, [203]; tries to terrify Gladwyn into a surrender, [216]; sends messengers to the Indians of Mackinaw, [245], [263]; his long-cherished hopes of assistance from France come to an end, [352]; his message to Gladwyn announcing this result, [352]; abandons the siege of Detroit, [353]; his interview with Captain Morris on the Maumee River, [408], [409]; his hopes crushed, but his spirit whole, [465]; goes to the Illinois country, ib.; is aided by the French settlers there, [466]; they deceive him with hopes of aid from France, [466]; Neyon, the French commandant, discourages him, [467]; rouses the tribes of the Illinois to war, [468]; sends messengers, with similar intent, to the Indians in Southern Louisiana, [471]; and to New Orleans, [472]; they return without success, [474]; Pontiac saves the life of Lieutenant Fraser, [481]; seizes a cargo of English goods, [483]; his followers forsake him, and he finds that all is lost, [483]; offers the English envoy, Croghan, the calumet of peace, [486]; his speech to the Indian tribes assembled at Detroit, [489]; meets Sir William Johnson at Oswego, [493]; promises a full compliance with the English demands, [496]; still supposed to cherish thoughts of vengeance, [497]; visits St. Louis, [498]; appears in French uniform, ib.; his assassination at Cahokia, [499], [500]; buried near St. Louis, [500]; his death avenged, [501]. See [Appendix B]. and [C]. Post, Christian Frederic, a Moravian missionary, visits the Ohio Indians to detach them from the French interest, [112]; extracts from his journal, [112] note; succeeds in his errand, [113]. Pothier, a Jesuit priest, endeavors to restrain the Wyandots from hostilities, [183]. Pottawattamies, kindred of the Ojibwas, [38]; located near Detroit, [129], [163]; and near the head of Lake Michigan, [204]. Presbyterians of Pennsylvania, their stiffness of character, [335]; hated by the Quakers, [366]; the Quakers hated by them, [377]; mutual recrimination, [384]. See [Appendix E]. Presqu’ Isle, on Lake Erie, fortified by the French, [80], [121]; occupied by the English, [126]; taken by the Indians, [208]; a false report respecting the capture, [286]. Price, Ensign George, commander at Fort Le Bœuf, [287]; his gallant but unavailing defence, [288], [289]; arrives at Fort Pitt, [287], [290]. Prideaux, General, killed at Niagara, [100]. Prophet, among the Delawares: his wide influence, [136]; excites the Indians to war, ib.; exhorts them to bury the hatchet, [480]. Q. Quakers of Pennsylvania: their treatment of the Indians, [69]; anticipated in their policy by the Puritans of New England, [70]; their love of the Indians runs to dangerous extremes, [71]; persuade the Indians to cease their hostilities, [111]; Quaker assemblymen oppose measures of defence, and justify the Indians in their raids on the settlements, [343], [348]; their own security due to their remoteness from the scene of danger, [348];
the Quakers alarmed at the approach of the Paxton men, [373]; their dilemma, [373]; they concur in measures for the defence of Philadelphia, [377]; and thus abandon their favorite principle. Quaker principles no security from the tomahawk, [348] note. Quebec, strongly fortified, [100]; surrenders to the English, [109]. R. Rangers, description of this species of force, [124]; their services, [124]; their reputation, ib.; a body of them under Rogers sent to take possession of the western posts, [126]. Rattlesnake superstitiously venerated by the Indians, [395] note, [456] note. Robertson, Captain, murdered by Indians, [176]. Rogers, Major Robert, commander of the Rangers, [124]; described, [124]; wanting in correct moral principle, [125]; tried for meditated treason, ib.; his miserable end, ib.; his published works, [125], [126] note. See [Appendix B]. Sent to take possession of the Western posts, [126]; passes up Lakes Ontario and Erie, ib.; his interview with Pontiac, [127]; his statements respecting the detention of two British officers, [181], [182] note; his account of Pontiac, [192]; Rogers and Pontiac, [193]; comes to Detroit with a reinforcement, [227]; engaged in the fight at Bloody Bridge, [231], [232], [233]. “Royal Americans,” a regiment so denominated, [298]; of what material composed, ib. Rum: a proposal to exterminate the Indians by the free sale of this article, [353] note. S. Sacs and Foxes, their location, [265]; defeated by the French near Detroit, [189] note; a party of Sacs visit Michillimackinac, [249]. Sandusky, fort, captured by the Indians, [203]. Sault Ste. Marie, a military post, [239]; abandoned by the English, [265]. Schlosser, Ensign, taken prisoner by Indians, [204], [205]. School children, with their master, murdered and scalped by the Indians, [338], [339]. Schoolcraft, Henry R., quoted, [17], [22], [24], [164], [166]. Scotch-Irish in Pennsylvania, [335]; their peculiarities, ib. Seneca Indians join in the plot against the English, [137], [142]; a party of them take and destroy Venango, [290], [296]; destroy a convoy at the Devil’s Hole, [331]; make peace with the English, [397]. See Iroquois. Shawanoes, scattered widely after their defeat by the Iroquois, [37]; driven again from their homes, [74]; carry on hostilities against the English, [111]; their number estimated, [115]; their villages, [117]; Colonel Bouquet compels them to sue for peace, [436]. Shippen, Edward, a magistrate of Lancaster, gives to Governor Bain an account of the massacre in Lancaster jail, [364] note. See [Appendix E]. Shippensburg, Pa., crowded with fugitives from the frontiers, [316] note. Small-pox, proposal to infect the Indians with it, [304], [305]; this disease found to exist among them, [304] note. Smith, James, commands a body of border riflemen, [345]; adopts the Indian costume and tactics, ib.; a further account of him, [345] note; heads a predatory expedition of Paxton men, [476]; his narration of the affair, [478] note. Smith, Matthew, a leader among the Paxton men, [360]; conducts a party of men against the Indians at Conestoga, [361]; the massacre, [361]; Smith’s narration of the affair, [361] note; he threatens to fire on his minister’s horse if not allowed to pass, [363];
leads in the massacre of Indians in Lancaster jail, ib.; conducts an armed rabble to Philadelphia, with a purpose to kill the Moravian Indians, [372]; proceeds to Germantown, and there halts, [379]; treaty with the rioters, [381]. See [Appendix E]., pp. [543]-547. Smith, William, of New York, his account of Pontiac, [192] note. Smollett’s history of England, quoted in reference to the “Royal Americans,” [297] note. Solomons, an English fur-trader, [244]. Spangenburg, a Moravian bishop, attends the great Iroquois council at Onondaga, [21] note; his account of it, ib. St. Ange de Bellerive, commander of the French fort Chartres, [464]; keeps the Indians quiet, ib.; has a visit from Pontiac, [468]; to whom he refuses aid, [468], [482]. St. Aubin, a Canadian, [165]; his account of the siege of Detroit, [Appendix C]. St. Ignace, mission of, [240]. St. Joseph River, a French fort there, [54], [57]; taken possession of by the English, [130]; the fort captured by Indians, [204]. St. Louis founded by Laclede, [463]; surprising changes there in the memory of the living, [463]. St. Pierre, Legardeur de, French commandant on the waters of the Ohio, [81]. Stedman, conductor of a convoy, escapes from the Indians, [330]. Stewart, Lazarus, a leader of the Paxton men, [362]; apprehended on a charge of murder, [366]; escapes to Wyoming, ib.; issues a “declaration,” ib.; the document quoted, [357] note; favorable character of him given by Rev. John Elder, [365] note. Superstitious regard of Indians for insane persons illustrated by a curious story, [283]; superstitious regard for rattlesnakes, [395] note, [456] note. Susquehanna River, its banks a scene of Indian warfare, [345] et seq. T. Thunder, god of, [41]. Ticonderoga, its position, [97]; repulse of the English there, [98], [99]; taken by General Amherst, [100]. Totems, emblems of clans, [17], [18], [21]; their influence, [21]. Tracy, a fur-trader, at Mackinaw, [251]. Traders among the Indians, their bad character, [63]; many of them killed, [281], [282]; treacherous conduct of the Indians towards them, [283]. Treacherous conduct of Indians, [146], [250], [281], [283], [288]. Treatment of captives taken in war, [28], [61], [180] note. Treatment of Indians by the French, [64]-67; by the English, [64], [131], [132] note, [141]; by William Penn, [69]; by his sons, [70], [71]; by the Quakers, [69], [70]; by the New England people, [70]. Treaty of 1763, its probable effect on the Indians had it been made sooner, [147], [148]. Trent, Captain, occupies the site of Pittsburg, [81]; obliged to leave it, [82]. Tribute exacted by the Iroquois, what, [19] note. Tuscaroras, a later member of the Iroquois confederacy, [20]; removal from North Carolina, [33]. U. Union of the colonies proposed, [83]. Union of the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers, [452]. V. Venango, on the Alleghany River, [278]; destroyed by the Indians and the garrison slaughtered, [290]; the remains visible many years after, [291] note. Vincennes, a French settlement, [120], [278]. Virginia troops, their good conduct at the time of Braddock’s defeat, [91]; Virginia wasted by Indian war, [111]; character of the settlers of Western Virginia, [333]; extent of settlement, [334];
ravages of the Indians, [337], [338]; energetic measures taken to protect the settlers, [344]. W. “Walking Purchase,” the, a fraudulent transaction, [71]; its consequences, [72]. Walpole, Horace, his low opinion of General Braddock, [86]. Wampum, of what made, [141] note; its uses, [142] note; what the spurning of it denotes, [113] note; used in making a treaty, [401] note; black wampum and its use, [473]. Wapocomoguth, an Ojibwa chief, visits Detroit with proposals of peace, [351]. War, Indian appetite for it, [146]; their mode of preparation for it, [27]; wars of the Iroquois with other Indians, [31]-33; with the French, [61], [62]; war of 1755, [84]-110; of the Indians of Ohio against the English, [111]; war-parties of Indians, how formed, [145]; Indian wars, how conducted, [146], [147]; preparation for war, how made, [148]-150; the war-feast, [149]; prognostics of the war, [159]; the war dance, [176]; the war instigated by Pontiac begins, [177]; end of the war, its distresses, [496]. War of 1755, its beginning, [84]; its peculiar character, [85]; plan formed for 1755 by the English ministry, [86]; plan for 1759, [99]. Washington, George, sent to remonstrate against French encroachment, [80]; his interview with the French commandant on the waters of the Ohio, [81]; surprises and captures a party of French on the Monongahela, [82]; sustains the attack of a superior force of French and Indians, ib.; his calm behavior at the time of Braddock’s defeat, [89]. Wawatam, an Ojibwa chief, his singular friendship for Alexander Henry, [246]; warns Henry of danger, [247]; the warning disregarded, ib.; procures the release of Henry from those who had him in their power, [260], [261]; again preserves the life of Henry, [264]. Webb, General, his dastardly conduct, [113]. Wilderness of the West described, [114]; its vastness, its small and scattered Indian population, [115]; estimate of the number, ib.; hunters and trappers, their character and habits, [122], [123]. Wilkins, Major, commands at Niagara, [331]; conducts an expedition against the Indians, [332]; meets with disaster, ib.; the failure of the expedition announced at Detroit, [353]. William Henry, Fort, its position, [97]; taken by Montcalm, [97]; massacre there, [66], [97]. Williams, Colonel Ephraim, slain at the battle of Lake George, [94]. Williamson, an English trader, procures the assassination of Pontiac, [499], [500]. Winnebagoes, their location, [265]. Winston, Richard, trader at St. Joseph’s, his curious letter, [205] note. Wisconsin, first white settlers in it, [252] note. Wolfe, General James, arrives before Quebec, [100]; his character, [101]; difficulties of his situation, [101], [102]; repeats Gray’s “Elegy,” [104]; occupies the Plains of Abraham, [106]; the battle, [107], [108]; death of Wolfe in the arms of victory, [109]. Wyandots, or Hurons, where situated, [30]; their early prosperity, [31]; fiercely attacked and slaughtered by the Iroquois, [31]; a fugitive remnant left, [31], [38]; their energy of character, [33], [117]; their steadiness in fight, [33], [34]; their village near Detroit, [129], [163]; they join in the conspiracy of Pontiac, [142]; some of them do this under coercion, [183]; a body of them surprise Cuyler’s detachment, [200]; a party of them capture Fort Sandusky, [202]. Wyoming Valley, settled from Connecticut, [347], [366]; massacre of the settlers, [347].