ULYSSES
49. 4. ínsidiás. This refers to the story of the wooden horse.
9. quem, subject of excógitásse. The English idiom is 'who, some say, devised.' Notice that excógitásse is contracted from excógitávisse.
10. quó, ablative of means.
19. aliae … partís, 'some in one direction and some in another,' but Latin compresses this into the one clause 'others in other directions.'
20. quá. See the note on 43, 6.
26. quibusdam, dative with obviam factí, 'having fallen in with,' 'having met.'
27. Accidit. See the note on 30, 1.
50. 2. gustássent, contracted from gustávissent.
patriae et sociórum. Verbs of remembering and forgetting take the genitive or the accusative, but oblívíscor prefers the former.
4. cibó. See the note on 16, 19.
5. hórá septimá. See the note on 42, 23.
11. docuérunt. See the note on 4, 26.
51. 6. tantum, the adverb.
23. sé, 'they,' i.e. himself and his companions.
praedandí causá, 'to steal.' Purpose is frequently thus expressed by causá with the genitive of the gerund or gerundive. What other ways of expressing purpose have you met in your reading?
24. á Tróiá. The preposition is sometimes used with names of towns, with the meaning 'from the direction of' or 'from the neighborhood of.'
25. esse. It will help you to understand indirect discourse if you will try to discover what words would be used to express the idea in the direct form. Here, for instance, the exact words of Ulysses would have been in Latin: Neque mercátórés sumus neque praedandí causá vénimus; sed á Tróiá redeuntés ví tempestátum á réctó cursú dépulsí sumus.
27. ubi … essent. The question of Polyphemus was Ubi est návis quá vectí estis?
sibi … esse, 'that he must be exceedingly careful.' See the note on mátúrandum sibi, 42, 12.
29. in … esse, 'had been driven on the rocks and entirely dashed to pieces.' See the note on írá … interfécit, 18, 4.
52. 1. membrís eórum dívulsís, 'tearing them limb from limb.'
4. né … quidem. See the note on 34, 25.
6. tam. Notice that the force of a second demonstrative word is lost in the English rendering. So híc tantus vir, 'this great man,' etc.
7. humí. See the note on 30, 16.
próstrátus, 'throwing himself down.' See the note on continébantur, 20, 26.
8. reí gerendae, 'for action.' Compare 39, 8.
9. in eó … tránsfígeret, 'was on the point of transfixing.' The clause of result ut … tránsfígeret is explanatory of in eó.
13. nihil sibi prófutúrum. See the note on 43, 25.
17. hóc cónátú. See the note on 13, 11.
18. núllá … oblátá, 'since no hope of safety presented itself.' See the note on continébantur, 20, 26.
21. et. See the note on 28, 18.
23. látúri essent, 'would bring,' more literally 'were going to bring.' Notice that in subjunctive constructions the periphrastic form is necessary to express future action clearly, since the subjunctive has no future.
25. quod, object of the implied fécerat.
53. 14. quó. See the note on 43, 7.
15. id … salútí, 'and this was his salvation,' literally 'that which was for safety to him.' For the datives see the note on 13, 16.
20. tertium, the adverb.
22. Néminem. Why is the accusative used?
27. inquit. See the note on 14, 28.
28. quam facultátem, for facultátem quam. The antecedent is often thus attracted into the relative clause,
né omittámus, 'let us not neglect,' the hortatory subjunctive.
29. reí gerendae. See the note on 52, 8.
54. 1. extrémum pálum, 'the end of the stake.' Other adjectives denoting a part of the object named by the noun they modify are medius, 'the middle of'; céterus, 'the rest of'; reliquus, 'the rest of'; prímus, 'the first of'; summus, 'the top of'; ímus, 'the bottom of.'
5. dum errat, 'wandering.'
23. pecus. Is this pecus, pecoris, or pecus, pecudis? See the note on pecora, 20, 26.
24. vénerat. We say 'came,' but the Latin by the use of the pluperfect denotes that this action preceded that of tráctábat.
55. 1. quás. See the note on quibus, 20, 1.
inter sé. Compare 21, 20.
5. fore, 'would happen.'
15. aliquod. Compare 42, 12, and the note.
16. id … erat, 'as was indeed the case.'
17. auxiliandí causá. See the note on 51, 23.
26. correptum coniécit, 'seized and threw.'
27. nón … submergerentur. See the note on 37, 7.
56. 4-6. These verses and those on p. 57 and p. 59 are quoted from Vergil's Aeneid.
6. vinclís, for vinculís.
8. vírís. Let the quantity of the first i tell you from what nominative this word comes.
11. sibi proficíscendum. See the note on mátúrandum sibi, 42, 12.
13. iam profectúró, 'as he was now about to set out.'
16. návigantí, 'to one sailing.'
25. mírábantur, 'had been wondering.' With iam dúdum and similar expressions the imperfect denotes action begun some time before and still going on at the given past time. This is similar to the use of the present already commented on (see the note on es, 4, 1).
28. céláta, plural because of the plural expression aurum et argentum.
57. 1. ventí, subject of ruunt and perflant.
2. velut ágmine factó, 'as if formed in column.'
3. data. Est is omitted.
10. próiécissent. See the note on accépissent, 26, 21.
13. in terram égrediendum esse, 'that a landing must be made.'
18. quam, an adverb modifying crúdélí.
19. essent, informal indirect discourse or subjunctive by attraction.
20. vellet, subjunctive of characteristic. This name is given to the subjunctive when used in relative clauses to define or restrict an indefinite or general antecedent. So here it is not 'no one was found,' but 'no one willing to undertake this task was found.'
21. déducta est, 'came.'
23. praeesset, subjunctive of purpose.
25. événit. This verb takes the same construction as accidit, 30, 1.
58. 1. nihil. See the note on 37, 22.
2. mortí. Compare 49, 26.
5. aliquantum itineris, 'some distance on the journey.' The two words are accusative of extent of space and partitive genitive respectively.
11. sibi, 'for them,' dative of reference.
12. forís. This is translated like forás above, but the former was originally locative and is therefore used with verbs of rest; the latter, accusative of place whither and therefore used with verbs of motion.
15. accubuérunt. See the note on 37, 6.
25. perturbátus, used as a predicate adjective, 'agitated.'
27. correptó. See the note on 38, 8.
59. 1. quid. See the note on quis, 30, 3.
gravius, 'serious.'
eí. The direct form of these two speeches would be: Sí quid gravius tibi acciderit, omnium salús in summó discrímine erit; and Néminem invítum mécum addúcam; tibi licet, sí mávís, in náví manére; ego ipse sine úlló praesidió rem suscipiam. Notice that ego is not used to represent sé of line 2, but is used for sé of line 4 for the sake of the contrast with tibi.
6. núlló. Instead of the genitive and ablative of némó, núllíus and núlló are regularly used.
7. Alíquantum itinerís. See the note on 58, 5.
10. in eó … intráret. See the note on 52, 9.
11. eí. Compare 49, 26, and 58, 2.
14. Circés, a Greek form of the genitive.
16. Num. See the note on 44, 20. Nónne (line 14) is used to introduce a question to which an affirmative answer is expected.
18. núllís. See the note on 24, 3.
22. tetigerit. See the note on 30, 20.
tú … faciás, 'see that you draw your sword and make an attack upon her.'
24. vísús, 'sight,' The use of the plural is poetic.
25. tenuem … auram. The order of the words here is poetic.
60. 1. atque, 'as.' After adjectives and adverbs denoting likeness and unlikeness, this use of atque is regular.
3. dépulsa est. See the note on 4, 26.
4. sibi. See the note on 58, 11.
11. ut … erat, 'as he had been instructed,' more literally 'as had been enjoined upon him.' An intransitive verb must be used impersonally in the passive, for it is the direct object of the active voice that becomes the subject of the passive. If the intransitive verb takes a dative in the active, this dative is kept in the passive. Notice that the corresponding English verbs are transitive, and that the dative may therefore be rendered as the object in the active construction and as the subject in the passive.
13. sénsisset. See the note on vídissent, 36, 15.
14. sibi vítam adimeret, 'take her life.' The dative of reference is thus used after some compound verbs to name the person from whom a thing is taken. This construction is sometimes called the dative of separation.
15. timóre perterritam. See the note on 14, 11.
20. eí pedés, 'his feet.' See the note on 44, 10.
21. imperásset, contracted from imperávisset.
22. in átrium. See the note on 7, 3.
26. sunt, goes with reductí.
29. reliquís Graecís, indirect object of díceret.
30. Circaeam. Notice that this use of the adjective instead of the genitive often cannot be imitated in the English rendering, but must be translated by the possessive case or a prepositional phrase.
61. 8. eí persuásum sit, 'he was persuaded.' See the note on 60, 11. The clause ut … manéret is the subject of persuásum sit; if the latter were active, the clause would be its object. For the tense of persuásum sit see the note on 19, 22.
10. cónsúmpserat. See the note on 14, 3.
patriae, objective genitive, to be rendered, as often, with 'for.'
15. úsuí. See the note on 34, 20.
23. antequam perveníret. We say 'before he could come.' See the note on possent, 27, 20.
24. hóc locó. See the note on 24, 2.
longum est. We say 'would be tedious' or 'would take too long.'