DISPLACEMENT
There are probably few men operating cars to-day who fully understand what is meant by the term displacement, often used in referring to automobile races. It is one of the main factors or points in determining the class in which a car is qualified to enter under the laws that govern races. In looking over a race program, you will note that there are usually two or more classes, one of which is open, and another with a limited piston displacement, which gives the smaller cars a competing chance in their class.
Consequently piston displacement is merely the volume displaced by all the piston in moving the full length of the stroke. The volume of a single cylinder is equal to the area of the bore multiplied by the length of the stroke, and the total displacement of a four cylinder motor will be four times this and that of a six cylinder motor, six times this.
Piston displacement:
D2 times S times N times 3.14 4
| Where | D equals bore in inches |
| S equals stroke in inches | |
| Where N equals number of cylinders |
| Example: | Required to find the piston displacement of a 31⁄2 × 5 inch four-cylindered motor. D equals 3.5 S equals 5. and N equals 4. |
Piston Displacement
3.52 times 5 times 4 times 3.14 4
3.5 times 3.5 times 5 times 4 times 3.14 4
equals 173.58 cubic inches.
| IGNITION COIL | DELCO GENERATOR | |||
| DISTRIBUTOR | ||||
| CONTROL LEVER | ||||
| PEDALS | FAN | |||
| BRAKE LEVER | FAN BELT | |||
| STARTER SLIDING GEAR CASE | ||||
| UNIVERSAL HOUSING | STARTING CRANK SHAFT | |||
| TRANSMISSION END PLATE | TIMING GEAR CASE | |||
| TRANSMISSION | TIMING GEAR HOUSING | |||
| CLUTCH RELEASE BEARING RETAINER GREASE CUP | WATER PUMP | |||
| MOTOR ARM | FLY WHEEL HOUSING | LOWER CRANK CASE | DRAIN COCK | |
Fig. 20. Buick Engine—Parts Assembly
| VALVE KEY | VALVE ROCKER ARM PIN | OIL FILLER WING PLUG | VALVE ROCKER ARM | |
| VALVE SPRING CAP | VALVE ROCKER ARM WICK | WATER OUTLET | ||
| VALVE SPRING | SPARK PLUG | |||
| VALVE | FAN | |||
| VALVE GAGE | VALVE PUSH ROD | |||
| WATER JACKET | ||||
| COMBUSTION SPACE | WATER INLET | |||
| VALVE LIFTER | VALVE LIFTER GUIDE | |||
| PISTON PIN | ||||
| PISTON | VALVE LIFTER CLAMP | |||
| OIL PUMP DRIVING GEAR | FAN BRACKET STUD | |||
| FAN BELT | ||||
| CONNECTING ROD | ||||
| CRANK SHAFT | TIMING GEARS | |||
| CONNECTING ROD BEARING | FAN PULLEY | |||
| CAM SHAFT | ||||
| CRANK SHAFT BEARING | CAM SHAFT BEARING | |||
| STARTING NUT | ||||
| OIL PUMP | GEAR COVER | |||
| UPPER CRANK CASE | ||||
| FLY WHEEL | TIMING GEAR HOUSING | |||
| FLY WHEEL HOUSING | CHECK VALVE | WATER PUMP | ||
| DRAIN PLUG | OIL DIPPER | SPLASH OIL TROUGH | VALVE ROLLER | |
| LOWER CRANK CASE | CRANK CASE OIL PIPE | |||
Fig. 21. Buick Engine—Location Inside Parts Assembly
| ROCKER ARM | OIL WICK | |
| WING PLUG | VALVE STEM | |
| ROCKER ARM COVER | VALVE SPRING | |
| ADJUSTING BALL | VALVE CAGE NUT | |
| LOCK NUT | ||
| VALVE CAGE | ||
| WATER JACKET | VALVE | |
| SPARK PLUG COVER | EXHAUST MANIFOLD | |
| COMBUSTION SPACE | INTAKE MANIFOLD | |
| PUSH ROD | HOT AIR CHAMBER | |
| VALVE PUSH ROD COVER | WRIST PIN | |
| CYLINDER | ||
| VALVE LIFTER CAP | PISTON | |
| VALVE LIFTER GUIDE CLAMP | ||
| VALVE LIFTER SPRING | ||
| VALVE LIFTER GUIDE | ||
| VALVE LIFTER | ||
| CAM ROLLER PIN | ||
| CAM ROLLER | CONNECTING ROD | |
| CAM SHAFT | ||
| CRANK CASE | ||
| CRANK SHAFT | ||
Fig. 22. Buick Motor—End View
Fan Belt
Adjustment
Split Collar
with Locking Cup
Valve Tappet
Adjustment
Cam Shaft End
Thrust Adjustment
Shims for
Adjustment of
Connecting Rods
Oil Passage to
Connecting Rod
Oil Pipe to
Piston Ring
Oil Pump
Filter Screen
Oil Sump
Filter Screen
Oil Pump
Felt Gasket
Oil Drain Plugs
Fig. 23. Liberty U. S. A. Engine