Regular Session.
The sixth Great Sun Council Fire was kindled in the Hunting Grounds of Lexington, at the 10th run, rising of the 8th Sun of Flower Moon, G. S. D. 409.
All Great Chiefs were present and the representatives of 27 Tribes. The gross attendance was 95 Past Sachems.
Great Sachem W. C. Diederich then read his long talk, in which he said, "I entered upon the duties of the office with a firm determination to devote my best endeavor to the upbuilding of our beloved Order in the Great Reservation. Finding I had not much time to devote to the upbuilding of our Order, I had the pleasure of appointing Brother John B. VanZandt as my Organizer, and the progress he has made will be seen in his report. I have, during my term, had some unpleasantness. It has not all been smooth sailing, but now peace and harmony reign once more. I have tried to fulfil my obligations to the best of my ability and the Great Spirit has safely guided me through."
The Great Sachem reported having visited nearly every Tribe in the reservation, the institution of a number of new tribes, a few dispensations granted and decisions made.
The State Organizer, J. B. VanZandt reported the institution of 19 new tribes, as follows:—Hiokatoo, No. 5, Louisville; Wahoo, No. 10, Louisville; Wabee, No. 13, Louisville; Choctaw. No. 15, Louisville; Montezuma. No. 16, Louisville; Tecumseh, No. 12, Louisville; Mohawk, No. 20, Louisville; Chippewa, No. 22, Louisville; Delaware, No. 23, Lebanon; Black Hawk, No. 24, Springfield; Matamora, No. 25, St. Matthews; Wyoming, No. 26, Danville; Seneca, No. 27, Stanford; Dakota, No. 28, Junction City; Onondaga, No. 30, Lancaster; Manitou, No. 31, Eminence; Iroquois, No. 32, Pittsburg; Massasoit, No. 33, LaGrange; Montauk, No. 35, East Bernstadt.
Great Chief of Records C. E. Lyddane in his long talk said:—"In no other reservation has Redmanship increased to such an extent during the past great sun as in Kentucky. Council Fires have been kindled in the metropolis, in the country towns and in the mining villages." From his report is gleaned the following: Number of members adopted, 1015; reinstated, 29; Admitted by card, 10; suspended, 176; withdrawn, 34; expelled, 3; deceased, 9; present membership, 2018; number of working tribes, 36; amount disbursed by tribes for relief, $1,525.36; for funeral benefits, $343.00; for other purposes, $7,386.80; total worth of tribes, $9,247.06.
The Great Council then went into the election for Great Chiefs.
W. C. Diederich, of No. 19, was elected Great Prophet, there being no other nominations.
Willie Walker, of No. 1 was elected Great Sachem, no others being nominated.
G. A. Ellerkamp, of No. 9 was elected Great Senior Sagamore, with no other nominations.
W. C. Pelham, of No. 3 was elected Great Junior Sagamore, with O. R. King, of No. 1, S. C. Moore of No. 7 and John Ropke, of No. 8 also in nomination.
C. E. Lyddane, of No. 2 was elected Great Chief of Records without opposition.
John D. Walker, of No. 4 was elected Great Keeper of Wampum by acclamation.
Louis Vissman, of No. 9 was elected Great Representative to the Great Council of the United States for two great suns, E. E. Bennett, of No. 11 and J. R. McConnell, of No. 1 being also in nomination.
Danville was selected as the place for the kindling of the next council fire, Maysville and Owensboro being also in nomination.
A resolution was introduced and adopted to elect a General State Organizer.
After one of the most spirited races of the session, John Hafendorfer, of No. 14, was elected over J. B. VanZandt, of No. 9.
This was the first time an official Organizer had been selected by the Great Council, heretofore it having been considered entirely within the power of the Great Sachem to regulate the matter to suit himself, the theory being that the Great Sachem was the official Organizer, and it was his privilege to appoint such deputies as he thought proper.
An amendment to the laws was adopted permitting membership of palefaces 18 great suns of age, with the proviso that such applications should bear the endorsement of parent or guardian.
A resolution was offered providing for representation of tribes in the Great Council according to membership, but the matter was laid on the table.
Charters were ordered issued to all Tribes instituted during the previous great sun.
On the recommendation of the Committee on Returns and Reports it was ordered that in the future the organizer of a new Tribe shall file a written report of its institution within one moon thereafter.
On the recommendation of the Committee on the State of the Order it was ordered that no "Supervisory District Deputy Great Sachems having authority over tribal Deputies be appointed."
The following resolution was unanimously adopted:—"The roll of Great Chiefs and Representatives shall be called at the close of each sun's session and no brother shall be entitled to mileage unless he shall answer thereto."
It was also ordered that the Great Sachem be required to visit every Tribe in the Reservation at least once during his term, and the finance committee was directed to set aside an amount sufficient to cover expenses incurred. This would be quite an expensive matter if followed in the present day, and the Great Sachem's term would have to be extended to cover more than one sun or it would be impossible for him to comply with the law.
Past Sachem Frank L. Smith was allowed a small fee for his services as Assistant Great Chief of Records, being the first recognition of such a sub-chieftaincy.
The Great Sachem ruled that representatives of Tribes not having been instituted two moons and not having paid tax were not entitled to mileage. The fiscal great sun at that time ended the 30th of Worm Moon, and the Great Sun Council was held then as now the second Tuesday in Flower Moon, and but few tribes were thus deprived of mileage for their representatives.
The Finance Committee recommended the allowance of mileage to 38 Great Chiefs and Representatives, amounting to $161.70, an average of $5.22 to each.
The Great Sachem's expense account of $97.37 for the great sun was allowed.
A controversy between Tippecanoe Tribe, No. 29 and Hiawatha Tribe, No. 7, regarding a claim of the latter against the former that certain Hiawatha members had taken membership in Tippecanoe without leave or license was adjusted by ordering that such members take cards from Hiawatha Tribe. It would seem that the matter should have been settled in a different manner, as it is not possible for dual membership to exist, and the brothers in question were members of either one tribe or another, and as membership of a Red Man in another Tribe is impossible without the depositing of a card, it should have been ruled that the brothers were still members of Hiawatha Tribe and subject to its laws in every respect.
Past Great Sachem J. R. McConnell raised the following named Great Chiefs:—
| Willie Walker, of No. 1 | Great Sachem. |
| G. A. Ellerkamp, of No. 9 | Great Senior Sagamore. |
| W. C. Diederich, of No. 19 | Great Prophet. |
| C. E. Lyddane, of No. 2 | Great Chief of Records. |
| John D. Walker, of No. 4 | Great Keeper of Wampum. |
| W. B. Eason, of No. 1 | Great Sannap. |
| Wm. A. Crader, of No. 9 | Great Mishinewa. |
| M. M. Harbeson, of No. 7 | Great Guard of Wigwam. |
| Geo. W. Griffith, of No. 11 | Great Guard of Forest. |
Past Great Sachem McConnell appointed Thos. M. Russell and Henry W. Ray, of No. 3, to raise the Great Junior Sagamore elect, W. C. Pelham, to his stump in the council chamber of his Tribe.
Former organizer J. B. VanZandt presented petitions for charters for Irondequoit Tribe, No. 38, at Hardinsburg and Choctaw Tribe, No. 39 at Bardstown, and it was ordered that charters be granted the tribes as soon as instituted.
Great Sachem Walker announced the appointment of the following committees:—
On Finance.—John M. Shely, of No. 1; Chas. A. Hess, of No. 10; J. M. Martin, of No. 2.
On Laws and Usage.—Ben. C. Nunn, of No. 14; E. E. Bennett, of No. 11; Frank L. Smith, of No 1.
On Returns and Reports.—Henry W. Ray, of No. 3; W. E. Grubbs, of No. 28; Michael Grau, of No. 17.
On Appeals.—Wm. M. Evans, of No. 9; R. A. Chiles, of No. 18; H. V. Cohn, of No. 8.
On State of the Order.—John Ropke, of No. 8; W. A. Waters, of No. 24; J. W. Scobee, of No. 2.
After thanks had been given to Miantonomo Tribe for its courteous entertainment of the Great Council, and to Past Great Sachem Diederich for his services as Great Sachem, the Great Prophet said a prayer, and the Council Fire was quenched.
SEVENTH GREAT SUN COUNCIL.
1901.
Prior to the kindling of the council fire, the Great Council was called to order at the Opera House by Past Sachem V. Freeman, chairman of the local committee, and after an invocation by the Rev. J. O. Vaught, in a few well chosen remarks he introduced the Hon. William Jennings Price, who delivered an address of welcome, which was a beautiful word picture. This was appropriately responded to by Great Sachem Willie Walker, after which the guests were dismissed and the Seventh Great Sun Council Fire of the Great Council of Kentucky was kindled in the Wigwam of Wyoming Tribe, No. 26, Hunting Grounds of Danville.
All of the Great Chiefs were present and twenty-six Past Sachems. Frank L. Smith was appointed Assistant Great Chief of Records.
The Great Council Degree was conferred upon forty-one Past Sachems in waiting, and thus the total attendance at the session was 78.
Representatives were present from 42 Tribes and but two were unrepresented.
Great Sachem Willie Walker, in his long talk said—"The past great sun has wrought most magnificent results and shows what human desire and harmonious action can accomplish. Where the banner of thirty-six Tribes and one council of the Degree of Pocahontas hung in the breeze, there now triumphantly floats, kissed by the winds of heaven, thirty-one additional emblems, and one of the Degree of Pocahontas." He may well have been proud of his record, for not until five great suns had passed was it even equaled. He also said—"One of the most exalted things a man can do is to succor the distressed, feed the hungry and clothe the poor, and especially to care for the widows and orphans. We should by all means begin a fund for the establishment of a Widows' and orphans' Home for our Order. I suggest that a committee of five be appointed to formulate a plan by which we can establish this fund and that they report at this Council." This was the first mention in the Great Council of Kentucky of this subject, soon destined to be one of the most important objects of legislation, and Great Sachem Walker has the credit of its inception.
After having made several other important recommendations, given a list of his appointments of Deputies, a digest of decisions and opinions rendered, he closes with a glowing tribute to deceased Past Sachems John R. Shely, of No. 1; R. W. Jones, of No. 2 and Joe Gast, of No. 18.
The Great Chief of Records Lyddane reported as follows:—
Adopted since last report, 1564; reinstated, 38; admitted by card, 23; suspended, 266; withdrawn, 69; expelled, 22; deceased, 28; present membership, 3,196. Disbursed by Tribes for relief, $3,921.43; for burial of the dead, $1,065.00; for other purposes, $15,025.86; total worth of tribes, $13,478.09.
Great Keeper of Wampum John D. Walker reported there being $1,851.64 in the Great Council wampum belt.
The Great Sachem made appointments on the standing Committees as follows, to fill vacancies:—
Finance—W. S. Cramer, of No. 1; Lawrence Leopold, of No. 8; L. Vissman, of No. 9.
Law and Usage—D. N. Zimmerman, of No. 4.
Appeals—H. S. Chase, of No. 28.
State of the Order—Henry Schwieters, of No. 8; J. R. McConnell, of No. 1; Jas. R. W. Smith, of No. 63.
Charters—R. F. Arnett, of No. 1; L. W. Zweydorf, of No. 7; S. T. Noe, of No. 24.
The following named Great Chiefs were elected for the ensuing great sun:—
Willie Walker, of No. 1 was elected Great Prophet without opposition.
Gustav A. Ellerkamp, of No. 9, was elected Great Sachem, there being no other nominations.
W. C. Pelham, of No. 3 was unanimously elected Great Senior Sagamore.
H. J. McFarlan, of No. 33, was elected Great Junior Sagamore, other candidates being E. B. Ryan, of No. 4; Lee W. Zweydorf, of No. 7; O. R. King, of No. 1.
C. E. Lyddane, of No. 2 was re-elected Great Chief of Records without opposition.
John D. Walker, of No. 4 was unanimously re-elected Great Keeper of Wampum.
Willie Walker, of No. 1, Lawrence S. Leopold, of No. 8 and John Hafendorfer, of No. 14 were elected Great Representatives to the Great Council of the United States.
It developed later that Kentucky was entitled to only two of the three Great Representatives elected, and thus credentials were not issued to Past Sachem Hafendorfer, he being the last to be elected.
F. W. Jones was unanimously elected State Organizer.
Owensboro was selected as the next place for kindling the Great Council Fire, in the Wigwam of Totewa Tribe, No. 14.
Great Sachem Willie Walker announced that contributions had been received from Kentucky Tribes for the relief of the sufferers from the Galveston flood amounting to $242.50, which had been forwarded to the Relief Committee.
GREAT COUNCIL OF KENTUCKY—SEVENTH SESSION. DANVILLE, MAY 14-15, 1901.
The Committee on Law and Usage recommended that there be some means adopted to bring about more uniformity in Tribal by-laws, and suggested that a model code be prepared as a guide to new tribes especially.
A resolution to amend the laws so as to allow Tribes representation according to membership was defeated.
Great Mishinewa Wm. A. Crader, for the special Committee appointed at the last Great Council to adjust the differences between Tecumseh Tribe, No. 29 and Hiawatha Tribe, No. 7 reported that the matter had been amicably settled.
Past Sachem John Hafendorfer, who had been elected State Organizer at the previous Great Sun Council presented a report, in which he stated he had appointed F. W. Jones as Chief Deputy Organizer, and that credit was due to Bro. Jones for the work that had been accomplished, thirty-one new Tribes having been instituted.
The Finance Committee reported having found the books and accounts of the Great Chief of Records and Great Keeper of Wampum correct, and made the following recommendations, all of which were concurred:—
That fifty fathoms be appropriated for the relief of the Galveston flood sufferers.
That mileage be allowed all members of Standing Committees. This was the first time members of the Standing Committees had been paid.
That the Great Sachem be authorized to appoint a State Exemplifier, and that $500.00 be appropriated for the use of the Great Sachem and the Exemplifier. The Great Sachem appointed Past Sachem Frank L. Smith, of No. 1 to this position, which he has held by re-appointment each Great Sun to the present time, 1908.
That a special Committee of three Past Sachems be appointed to investigate the matter of a Widows' and Orphans' Fund and report at the next Great Council. The Great Sachem appointed on this Committee, O. R. King, of No. 1; W. M. Evans, of No. 9; and H. V. Cohn, of No. 8, together with the incoming Great Sachem, ex-officio.
The Committee on Charters recommended that charters be issued to the following named tribes, they having been instituted during the past Great Sun: Cataraugus, No. 36, Livingston; Red Hawk, No. 40, Falmouth; Shabbona, No. 46; Somerset; Oconee, No. 47, Bloomfield; King Phillip, No. 48, Hustonville; Shingawassa, No. 50, Bardfordsville; Comanche, No. 51, New Haven; Ta wa-wa, No. 52, Vine Grove; Minewa, No. 53, Beaver Dam; Kentucky, No. 54, McHenry; Tioga, No. 55, Sturgis; Huron, No. 56, Versailles; Standwaitee, No. 57, Earlington; Blazing Arrow, No. 58, Madisonville; Sagwa, No. 59, Lawrenceburg; Otego, No. 60, Paducah; Wichita, No. 61, Mayfield; Waukee, No. 62, Fulton; Pequod, No. 63, Louisville; Lotowana, No. 64, Midway; Maumee, No. 65, Paris; Sagamore, No. 66, Hickman; Black Foot, No. 67, Frankfort. Juanita Council, No. 3, D. of P., Louisville. No charter was issued to Minetonka Tribe, No. 49, it being reported defunct.
It was reported that Shawnee Tribe, No. 9 and Tecumseh Tribe, No. 12, both of Louisville, had consolidated, and it was ordered that a charter be issued to the new Tribe as Tecumseh Tribe No. 9.
A resolution to establish the minimum fee for adoption and degrees at ten farthoms ($10.00) was defeated.
Upon the recommendation of the Finance Committee, mileage was allowed to Great Chiefs, representatives and members of standing committees, sixty in number, amounting to $473.50, being an average of $7.89 per capita.
An amendment to the general laws fixing the minimum fee for adoption at eight fathoms was presented to be considered at the next Great Council.
The contract for printing proceedings was awarded to A. J. Domeck, of Louisville, at 75 cents per page.
An amendment to the general laws providing for the election of Great Chiefs by the "Australian Ballot", all Past Sachems to participate, the election to take place in the wigwams of the various Tribes was presented to lay over one Great Sun. This proposed law was styled by its opponents the "Goebel" law of Redmanship.
It was ordered that portraits of all deceased Past Sachems, members of this Great Council, be printed in the records, together with a memorial.
The Great Chief of Records was instructed to prepare a roster of all members of the Great Council, to be kept in a book provided for that purpose, and to have it present at each Great Council.
It was the sense of the Great Council that the Great Council of the United States be invited to kindle its next Great Sun Council Fire in the Reservation of Kentucky.
Past Great Sachem J. R. McConnell raised the Great Chiefs elect, as follows:—
| Gustav A. Ellerkamp, of No. 9 | Great Sachem. |
| W. C. Pelham, of No. 3 | Great Senior Sagamore. |
| H. J. McFarlan, of No. 33 | Great Junior Sagamore. |
| Willie Walker, of No. 1 | Great Prophet. |
| C. E. Lyddane, of No. 2 | Great Chief of Records. |
| John D. Walker, of No. 4 | Great Keeper of Wampum. |
Upon assuming his stump, Great Sachem Ellerkamp was presented with a handsome Great Sachem's regalia by Past Sachem F. L. Smith, in behalf of his many friends and Brothers.
The Great Sachem announced the appointment of Great Chiefs as follows, and they were raised in due form:
| W. M. Evans, of No. 9 | Great Sannap. |
| John W. Riley, of No. 11 | Great Mishinewa. |
| Ed. L. Hays, of No. 26 | Great Guard of Wigwam. |
| Harry F. Davis, of No. 15 | Great Guard of Forest. |
An amendment to the laws was offered providing that organizers should submit a list of all proposed charter members of a new Tribe, to all Tribes in the same hunting grounds where same was to be instituted in hunting grounds already containing one or more tribes. Consideration was deferred one great sun.
The Great Sachem announced the following standing committees for the ensuing great sun:—
Finance—Henry Schwieters, of No. 8; M. M. Harbeson, of No. 7; Henry W. Ray, of No. 3.
Law and Usage—Wm. A. Crader, of No. 9; Frank L. Smith, of No. 1; L. D. Owen, of No. 8.
Returns and Reports—N. G. Mothershead, of No. 57; C. S. Hill, of No. 23; E. E. Reno, of No. 41.
Appeals—M. H. McCorkle, of No. 43; F. A. Gould, of No. 10; D. R. Breeding, of No. 50.
State of Order—A. J. Domeck, of No. 16; C. A. Melone, of No. 9; Chas. A. Wheeler, of No. 48.
After extending a hearty vote of thanks to the Chiefs and members of Wyoming Tribe, No. 26 for the many courtesies shown the Great Council, the council fire was quenched.
EIGHTH GREAT SUN COUNCIL.
1902.
This Council Fire was kindled in the wigwam of Totewa Tribe, No. 14, Hunting Grounds of Owensboro, at the tenth run, 45th breath, rising of the 13th sun of Flower Moon, G. S. D. 411. All of the elective Great Chiefs were present.
Previous to the kindling of the Council Fire welcoming exercises were held in the Court House, where Past Sachem S. W. Bedford, of No. 14, as chairman, introduced Mayor Yewell and Bro. LaVega Clement, who delivered addresses of welcome responded to by Great Sachem Ellerkamp, when the meeting adjourned to the council chamber of Totewa Tribe.
The Great Sachem made appointments as follows to fill vacancies in the appointive Great Chiefs:—
| George W. Griffith, of No. 11 | Great Mishinewa. |
| Lee W. Zweydorf, of No. 7 | Great Guard of Wigwam. |
| Chas. R. Brent, of No. 8 | Great Guard of Forest. |
The Great Sachem stated that he had been requested to appoint a Chief's Degree member of No. 14 as official stenographer of the Great Council, but the brother not being a Past Sachem, he could not be admitted. A motion being made that the Great Council Degree be conferred upon the Brother in question, the Great Sachem ruled the matter out of order.
It was then ordered that the Great Council go into the nomination and election of an Assistant Great Chief of Records. Prior to this session, the Assistant to the Great Chief of Records had been appointed by that Great Chief.
Frank L. Smith, of No. 1 and J. G. Sewell, of No. 7 were placed in nomination, but Past Sachem Sewell declining to serve if elected, the remaining candidate was elected by acclamation.
The following were appointed a Credential Committee—Great Junior Sagamore H. J. McFarlan, assisted by Con Trouth, of No. 7; H. H. Denhardt, of No. 11, and C. M. Chasteen, of No. 4. This Committee reported recommending the admission of 47 Past Sachems in waiting, and the recognition of the representatives of 37 Tribes. The total attendance at this Great Council was 101.
From the Great Sachem's Long Talk, the following is quoted:—
"To my regret I am compelled to say, that the growth of the Order is not as phenomenal as that of the two previous great suns when a gain of 1500 members was made, but still I am proud to state that, what a few moons ago seemed a probable loss in membership is reverted into a gain, and where the membership one year ago was 3269 we now have 3525 members. Since last Great Council Delaware Tribe, No. 23, at Lebanon, Ononga Tribe, No. 34 at Covington, Red Hawk No. 40 at Somerset, Tawawa, No. 52 at Vine Grove, Sagwa, No. 59, at Lawrenceburg, Wichita, No. 61, at Mayfield, Waukee, No. 62 at Fulton, and Black Hawk, No. 24, at Springfield have become defunct. After due investigation to ascertain the cause of so many Tribes quenching their council fires, I find that the most of the trouble can be found in the following three causes: First, lack of proper instruction; Second, the organizer did not exercise enough care when soliciting charter members for new tribes, placing therein members objectionable to a majority; Third, Tribes numerically and financially weak would overreach themselves in the matter of buying paraphernalia, then finding themselves involved would attempt to give a pow-wow, and instead of bettering themselves would plunge deeper in debt and dissolution would follow. To the credit of Bro. F. W. Jones it must be said that he exercised splendid judgement as to the character of the charter members of the tribes he instituted during the past great sun."
The Great Sachem enumerates his visitations, appointments of Deputies, and decisions rendered. From the recommendations offered by that Great Chief we quote the following:—
"The Articles of Incorporation need to be revised and I would urge immediate attention to this matter.
The minimum fee for the three degrees should be placed at ten fathoms.
The fee for adoption in Councils of the Degree of Pocahontas should be fixed. The laws are at present vague.
The Great Council should empower the Great Sachem to appoint an instructor or Exemplifier, and fix his compensation. A little wampum invested in this manner will materially enlighten and strengthen weak and tottering Tribes."
The Great Sachem recounted the memorial services held by the Louisville Tribes on the death by assassination of President Wm. McKinley, and paid tribute also to the memory of Past Sachems Wm. A. Metcalf, of No. 1 and Thos. Wendroth, of No. 17, who had passed to the great beyond since last Great Council.
The institution of fifteen new Tribes by State Organizer F. W. Jones is recounted, and also of two Councils of the Degree of Pocahontas.
The following consolidations are recorded:
Minewa, No. 53, of Beaver Dam with Kentucky, No. 54, of McHenry, the council fire of the former being quenched forever.
Pequod, No. 63, with Hiawatha, No. 7, both of Louisville, the Council fire of No. 63 being quenched forever.
Red Jacket, No. 44, with Hiawatha, No. 7, both of Louisville, quenching forever the council fire of Red Jacket, No. 44.
Tippecanoe, No. 29, with Cherokee, No. 8, both of Louisville, the former going of existence.
Tecumseh No. 9, which had already absorbed Shawnee No. 9 and Tecumseh No. 12, with Cherokee, No. 8, the former quenching its council fire forever.
An extended review is made of the efficient work done by Special Deputy Great Sachem Wm. A. Crader in visiting weak and defunct Tribes, endeavoring to revive where possible, and where not possible closing the Tribes by quenching their council fires forever.
The following were appointed to fill vacancies in Standing Committees:—
State of the Order—Ben C. Nunn, of No. 14; Edw. L. David, of No. 5.
Great Keeper of Wampum John D. Walker made his report showing balance in wampum belt of $2,537.37.
The Great Chief of Records presented his Long Talk, from which we make the following extracts: Members adopted since last report, 1221; admitted by card, 110; reinstated, 35; suspended, 513; expelled, 2; withdrawn, 55; deceased, 25; disbursed by Tribes for
relief, $5,247.45; for burial of the dead, $1,050.00; for other purposes, $17,152.19; amount invested by Tribes, $7,742.08; total worth of Tribes, $17,079.23.
The election of Great Chiefs was then entered into, with the following results:—
Gustav A. Ellerkamp was unanimously elected Great Prophet.
W. C. Pelham, of No. 3, being the only nominee for Great Sachem was elected by acclamation.
Horace J. McFarlan, of No. 33, was elected Great Senior Sagamore without opposition.
H. H. Denhardt, of No. 11, was elected Great Junior Sagamore on the third ballot, other candidates being W. A. Crader, of No. 8, L. L. Bebout, of No. 60, and O. R. King, of No. 1.
C. E. Lyddane, of No. 2, being the only candidate, was unanimously elected Great Chief of Records.
S. C. Moore, of No. 7 was elected Great Keeper of Wampum, there being no other nominee. John D. Walker, the former encumbent having served five great suns successively was given the honors of a Past Great Sachem, and he declined to be a candidate for re-election.
Past Great Sachems G. A. Ellerkamp and John D. Walker were elected Great Representatives for two great suns each. Other candidates in nomination being F. W. Jones, of No. 14 and John Hafendorfer, of No. 14.
The Great Sachem announced the following appointments to fill vacancies on Committees:—
Appeals—J. M. Clifford, of No. 10; Ben H. Schrader, of No. 5; W. B. Eason, of No. 1.
Charters—J. G. Sewell, of No. 7; C. A. Woolfolk, of No. 7; L. L. Bebout, of No. 60.
It was ordered that the matter of organization of new Tribes for the ensuing Great Sun be left in the hands of the Great Sachem, he to appoint such organizer or organizers as he might deem for the best interests of the Order.
Maysville was unanimously selected as the place for kindling the next Great Sun Council Fire.
The special Committee appointed at the last Great Sun Council to present a plan for the establishment of a Widows' and Orphans' Fund presented a report embodying the text of a law and recommended its adoption, but its consideration was deferred one great sun that the matter might be referred back to the tribes for thorough discussion therein. The bill, as recommended by this Committee was adopted four great suns later with some slight modifications.
The Committee on Law and Usage reported having prepared a model code of by-laws for the use of Tribes, and they having been promulgated by the Great Sachem were already in use by many Tribes.
A law was enacted establishing the minimum fee for adoption at eight fathoms, it formerly being three fathoms.
An amendment to the law was adopted requiring organizers to submit a list of all candidates for charter membership to all tribes in the same hunting grounds.
The Great Representatives to the Great Council of the United States made a written report, which was the first time this had been done.
State Organizer Jones reported having instituted fourteen new Tribes, and gave data in regard to each.
It was ordered that the Great Representatives invite the Great Council of the United States to kindle its Great Sun Council Fire in 412 in the hunting grounds of Louisville.
The bill proposed at the previous Great Sun Council, providing for the election of Great Chiefs in the Council Chambers of Tribes, by the "Australian" ballot, was reported on adversely by the Committee on Law and Usage, and thus the so-called "Goebel" bill was defeated.
On the recommendation of the Committee on Laws and Usage, it was ordered by the Great Council that Tribes must pay benefits to a disabled brother as long as his disability should continue. It had been the custom of Tribes to provide by a by-law to that effect that benefits should cease after a stated period. The ruling also provided that the minimum amount of benefits to be paid should be a sum equal to the dues of the brother that might accrue during his disability, or in other words, enough to keep the brother in good standing. Later the Great Council of the United States fixed the minimum amount at one fathom per seven suns.
A resolution was adopted requiring the financial Great Chiefs to give bond in an indemnity bonding company, and that the Great Keeper of Wampum should be paid a salary of fifty fathoms per Great Sun.
The Finance Committee, among other recommendations offered the following which were agreed to:—
That the Assistant Great Chief of Records be allowed fifty fathoms for his services.
That the printing for the ensuing Great Sun be awarded to the "American Red Man" at 95 cents per page.
That five hundred fathoms be appropriated for the use of the Great Sachem for the best interests of the Order.
The minimum fee for adoption in Councils of the Degree of Pocahontas was fixed at one fathom.
Charters were granted the following new Tribes:—Otawa, No. 68, Olive Hill; Powhatan, No. 69, Carrollton; Sioux, No. 70, Louisville; Little Ha Ha, No. 71, Owenton; Morning Star, No. 72, Fordsville; Warsaw, No. 73, Rockport; Floating Canoe, No. 76, Richmond; Shawnee, No. 77, Georgetown; Grand Glaze, No. 79, Monterey; Ptocawa, No. 80, Louisville; Yosemite, No. 81, Louisville; Appalachia, No. 82, Pineville; Passyunk, No. 83, Harrodsburg; Spotted Wolf, No. 84, Coalton; Red Cloud, No. 85, Warsaw; Big Eagle, No. 86, Sanders; Alfaretta Council, No. 4, Louisville; Prairie Flower, No. 5, Newport.
On the recommendation of the Finance Committee mileage was allowed the Great Chiefs, Representatives, and Members of Standing Committees, amounting to $610.47, being paid to 68 individuals, an average of $8.97 per capita.
An amendment was proposed to be considered at the next Great Sun Council advancing the minimum fee for adoption to fifteen fathoms.
A resolution was adopted instructing the Great Representatives to endeavor to have a change made in the grip.
An emblematic Tomahawk was ordered presented to Totewa Tribe, No. 14, in commemoration of the present session of the Great Council in its wigwam.
It was ordered that a committee of two be appointed to prepare new Articles of Incorporation, and the Great Sachem appointed Lawrence S. Leopold, of No. 8, and H. J. McFarlan, of No. 33.
Great Representative Lawrence Leopold presented a ring to Great Sachem Ellerkamp in behalf of the Past Sachem's Association of Louisville.
Past Great Sachem W. C. Diederich, senior Past Great Sachem present raised the Great Chiefs elect as follows:—
| W. C. Pelham, of No. 3 | Great Sachem. |
| H. J. McFarlan, of No. 33 | Great Senior Sagamore. |
| H. H. Denhardt, of No. 11 | Great Junior Sagamore. |
| Gustav A. Ellerkamp, of No. 8 | Great Prophet. |
| C. E. Lyddane, of No. 2 | Great Chief of Records. |
| S. C. Moore, of No. 7 | Great Keeper of Wampum. |
| John Hafendorfer, of No. 14 | Great Sannap. |
| J. H. Richardson, of No. 3 | Great Mishinewa. |
| J. Robin Garr, of No. 7 | Great Guard of Wigwam. |
| J. K. Moore, of No. 32 | Great Guard of Forest. |
GREAT COUNCIL OF KENTUCKY—EIGHTH SESSION, OWENSBORO, MAY 13-14, 1902.
The Great Sachem announced the following as members of Standing Committees for the ensuing great sun:—
Finance—Henry W. Ray, of No. 3; O. R. King, of No. 1; W. M. Evans, of No. 8.
Law and Usage—Frank L. Smith, of No. 1; W. A. Crader, of No. 8; Geo. C. Wolf, of No. 77.
Returns and Reports—Robert Lee Page, of No. 80; N. G. Mothershead, of No. 57; Forsee D. Lee, of No. 71.
Appeals—Louis Vissman, of No. 8; C. H. Bateman, of No. 50; Sebastian Stone, of No. 56.
State of the Order—L. L. Bebout, of No. 60; J. H. Kemper, of No. 18; L. E. Herrell, of No. 54.
After Past Sachem Frank L. Smith, of No. 1 had exemplified the unwritten work of the Order, the Council Fire was quenched to be rekindled in the wigwam of Wyandotte Tribe, No. 3, hunting grounds of Maysville, G. S. D. 412.
1903.
NINTH GREAT SUN COUNCIL.
Previous to the kindling of the council fire an excellent program of welcome was rendered, including musical selections by the Red Men's Band, and addresses by Past Great Sachem John I. Winter, Past Great Incohonee Thomas K. Donnalley, of Pennsylvania, and Great Sachem Pelham.
At the 10th run, rising of the 12th sun of Flower Moon, G. S. D. 412, the ninth Great sun council fire was kindled in ample form, all elective and appointed Great Chiefs being present, as well as 78 Past Sachems.
D. N. Zimmerman, of No. 4 and Thomas M. Russell, of No. 3, were appointed to assist Great Junior Sagamore Denhardt in the examination of credentials, which committee soon reported the presence of fifty-six Past Sachems in the forest for the first time, and they were admitted to seats in the Great Council, making the total attendance 134.
The roll call of representatives disclosed the presence of the representatives of fifty-seven Tribes out of sixty-three.
An election for Assistant Great Chief of Records was then entered into, and Past Sachem Frank L. Smith was chosen, the opposing candidate being P. P. Doll, of No. 8.
Great Sachem Pelham presented his long talk in print, the first time it had been done, which met with the approval of all.
The following quotations are from that document:—
"I am proud to say the condition of the Order in this Reservation is prosperous and progressive. Probably fifteen hundred names have been added to the roster of membership during the past great sun, and with few exceptions the Tribes and Councils are on the hunt for palefaces with that enthusiasm and energy that knows no such word as fail."
In regard to Councils of the Degree of Pocahontas he said:—"This branch of the Order appears to have been almost entirely neglected by former Great Councils of this Reservation. The tax formerly assessed against members of Councils was repealed by this Great Council at its fifth session, and I find no mention of them in the Records since.
Experience has shown that the Tribe and Council are each benefited by the presence of the other, and the membership of both are alike interested in the upbuilding of their local branches and in the advancement of the interests of the Order generally.
Under the care of this Great Council are five Councils who are entirely at sea in the matter of laws for their government; and it would surely be wise in this body to formulate a code for their benefit.
Diligent inquiry failing to furnish me with the name of any person who would undertake the business of organizing Tribes in this Reservation, I therefore tried to find some one in each locality who would undertake to organize a Tribe nearby. As a direct result, ten new Tribes were instituted, the organizers being in each case persons living in the near locality of the new Tribes."
The method thus inaugurated by Great Sachem Pelham has been pursued by his successors to the present, with results never equaled by any Reservation in the history of the Order.
As usual he recounts the dispensations granted, decisions made, and announces the inauguration by the Great Council of the United States of the Orphan's Guardian Fund.
"I appointed Past Sachem Frank L. Smith Exemplifier for the Reservation at large, and sent him on an extended trail, and he visited and exemplified the work to forty-one tribes in two moons. It is to be regretted that the amount of the appropriation for this purpose would not permit the visitation of every Tribe in the Reservation. That the visits and instructions were highly appreciated is attested by numerous letters from the Tribes, and they clearly remonstrate the great importance of following up the institution of a Tribe by proper instruction and encouragement, either by a neighboring Tribe or by a Great Chief or Exemplifier."
He reported the following tribes as being defunct:—Delaware, No. 23, Lebanon; Seneca, No. 27, Stanford; Narragansett, No. 43, Middlesboro; Shabbona, No. 46, Somerset; Sagamore, No. 66, Hickman; Nokomis, No. 74, Franklin.
Among the recommendations offered were the following:—
"That a code of laws be prepared for the government of Councils of the Degree of Pocahontas of this Reservation."
"That the horse be adopted as the Totem of this Reservation as recommended by our Great Representatives at Norfolk last Corn Moon."
The following appointments were made to fill vacancies:—
On Laws and Usage—C. P. Harding, of No. 5.
On State of the Order—Thos. O. Long, of No. 57.
On Charters—John H. Ropke, of No. 8; Chas. Wheeler, of No. 48; G. W. Griffith, of No. 11.
The Great Council then went into the election of Great Chiefs.
Horace J. McFarlan, of No. 33, was elected Great Sachem by acclamation.
H. H. Denhardt, of No. 11 was elected Great Senior Sagamore without opposition.
Lewis L. Bebout, of No. 60 was elected Great Junior Sagamore on the second ballot, O. R. King, of No. 1, L. D. Owen, of No. 8, and D. H. Russell, of No. 10 being also in nomination.
Henry W. Ray, of No. 3 was unanimously elected Great Chief of Records, Henry Schwieters, of No. 8 being also nominated but declined to make the race. C. E. Lyddane, who had held the chieftaincy for five consecutive great suns was not a candidate for re-election, and he was awarded the honors of a Past Great Sachem.
S. C. Moore, of No. 7 was re-elected Great Keeper of Wampum without opposition.
W. C. Pelham, of No. 3, Chas. A. Hess, of No. 10 and John H. Buschemeyer, of No. 8 were elected Great Representatives for two Great Suns each, other candidates in nomination being Lawrence S. Leopold, of No. 8; W. C. Diederich, of No. 19; Willie Walker, of No. 1; J. Robin Garr, of No. 7; John H. Ropke, of No. 8.
Great Keeper of Wampum S. C. Moore reported balance in the Great Council wampum belt as being $2,853.10.
It was agreed by unanimous vote to kindle the next Great Sun Council fire in the wigwam of Otego Tribe, No. 60, hunting grounds of Paducah.
An amendment to the laws was adopted fixing the minimum fee for adoption at four fathoms. It had been fixed at eight fathoms by the previous Great Council, and it was proposed at this time to increase it to fifteen fathoms, but with the result of fixing it at the first named figure where it has remained to the present. Much confusion was caused by the misunderstanding of the term "adoption fee" many supposing it to be the total fee for membership, including all three degrees. It was here defined as meaning the fee for the "adoption" or first degree of Redmanship.
The Great Chief of Records presented his long talk from which the following data is obtained:—Adopted, 2158; admitted by card, 133; reinstated, 44; suspended, 467; expelled, 16; withdrawn by card, 61; deceased, 40; present membership, 5,053; disbursed by Tribes for relief, $6,633.94; for burial of the dead, $1,604.00; for other purposes, $18,085.74; invested by Tribes, $6,705.10. total worth of Tribes, $28,280.65.
The Finance Committee reported having found the books and accounts of the Great Chief of Records and Great Keeper of Wampum in correct form, and made the following recommendations, which were concurred in:—
That Councils of the Degree of Pocahontas be assessed five in. per Great Sun for each female member, for the benefit of the Orphans' Guardian Fund of the Great Council of the United States.
That the Great Sachem and Exemplifier be allowed the sum of $1,000 for the ensuing great sun.
That the printing of the Record be awarded to the Louisville Anzeiger Co. at $1.10 per page.
That the Assistant Great Chief of Records be allowed fifty fathoms for services rendered.
Past Great Incohonee Thos. K. Donnalley, of Pennsylvania, representing the Great Incohonee of the Great Council of the United States, Thomas G. Harrison, of Indiana, addressed the Great Council and exemplified the unwritten work of the Order.
The Committee on State of the Order expressed the sentiments of all in the following:—"Throughout the entire reservation there is universal complaint at the carelessness and delay in getting the proceedings of the last Great Council in hands of the various Tribes." Although the copy had been furnished promptly to the printer, the book in question had not been delivered until just prior to the present session.
The Committee on Returns and Reports, of which Robert Lee Page was chairman paid the following tribute to Great Sachem Pelham:—"Under his guidance and administration the Order has prospered and grown in strength. His advice and decisions have been fair and impartial and his conduct such as to meet with the approbation of the entire membership. His administration is one that will ever be remembered, and we feel that we cannot give him the praise he so richly deserves. We could with greater ease add beauty to the lily or fragrance to the rose than we could adequately express our appreciation of Bro. Pelham."
The following resolution was adopted:—That the Horse's Head on an Indian Shield as recommended by the Great Council of the United States be adopted as the totem of this Great Council, and that this Great Council reserve unto itself the right to control the manufacture and disposal of the said Totem or jewel.
The Committee on Charters recommended that charters be granted to the following new Tribes, which was agreed to:—Kabo, No. 78, Petra; Eyota, No. 87, Ball's Landing; Swift Foot, No. 88, Campbellsburg; Tallalu, No. 89, Callaway; War Eagle, No. 90, Bedford; Idaho, No. 91, Four Mile; Tallapoosa, No. 92, Milton; Mingo, No. 93, Newport; Sago, No. 94, Germantown; Wissahickon, No. 95, Lockport; Iona Council, No. 6, D. of P., Pittsburg.
Great Prophet Ellerkamp offered the following suggestions, which were adopted:—
That memorial page or pages be printed in each great sun's record containing the names of all brothers deceased during the previous great sun.
That at the opening of each Great Council every representative be handed a copy of the last record and a copy of the manual.
That the Asst. Great Chief of Records prepare a page or pages containing all new laws and resolutions enacted and also all unfinished business.
It was ordered that the Great Chief of Records prepare and have printed a suitable form upon which Deputy Great Sachems shall hereafter make their reports.
That matter of deferred business, consisting of the report of the special Committee on Widow's and Orphan's Home Fund was taken up, and on motion of Past Sachem H. C. Yunker, of No. 7 was laid on the table.
An amendment to the laws was offered to lay over one great sun providing a penalty for electioneering.
Another to take the same course was offered providing for holding the Great Sun Council in Hot Moon instead of Flower Moon.
The Finance Committee recommended the payment of mileage to 78 Representatives, Great Chiefs and members of Committees, amounting to $753.53, being an average of $9.66 per member.
Past Great Incohonee Thomas K. Donalley proceeded to raise the Great Chiefs elect, appointing as Great Tocakon Past Great Sachem Willie Walker.
| Horace J. McFarlan, of No. 33 | Great Sachem. |
| H. H. Denhardt, of No. 11 | Great Senior Sagamore. |
| Lewis L. Bebout, of No. 60 | Great Junior Sagamore. |
| W. C. Pelham, of No. 3 | Great Prophet. |
| Henry Wood Ray, of No. 3 | Great Chief of Records. |
| S. C. Moore, of No. 7 | Great Keeper of Wampum. |
| A. C. Prewitt, of No. 33 | Great Sannap. |
| Geo. W. Griffith, of No. 11 | Great Mishinewa. |
| J. H. Kemper, of No. 18 | Great Guard of Wigwam. |
| J. K. Moore, of No. 32 | Great Guard of Forest. |
The following Standing Committees were announced for the ensuing Great Sun:—
Finance—W. M. Evans, of No. 8; Henry Schwieters, of No. 8; O. R. King, of No. 1.
Law and Usage—L. D. Owen, of No. 8; W. C. Morgan, of No. 90; H. J. Northcutt, of No. 37.
Returns and Reports—Robert Lee Page, of No. 80; Forsee D. Lee, of No. 71; N. G. Mothershead, of No. 57.
State of the Order—Thos. M. Russell, of No. 3; C. H. Bateman, of No. 50; Louis Vissman, of No. 8.
Appeals—J. Robin Garr, of No. 7; C. A. Melone, of No. 8; John Hafendorfer, of No. 14.
Thanks of the Great Council were tendered Wyandotte Tribe, No. 3 for its hospitality, and after the Great Prophet had said a prayer, the Council Fire quenched in ample form.
1904.
TENTH GREAT SUN COUNCIL.
The Tenth Great Sun Council Fire of the Great Council of Kentucky was kindled in the wigwam of Otego Tribe, No. 60, at Owensboro, at the 11th run rising of the 10th sun of Flower Moon, G. S. D. 413.
Prior to the kindling, introductory exercises were held as follows:—Addresses by Mayor Yeiser, and Judge R. V. Lightfoot, with responses by Bros. R. L. Page, S. C. Moore, and Great Minewa, Thos. J. Smith, representing the Great Incohonee.
At the kindling of the council fire there were present all the Great Chiefs, except Great Prophet, three Past Great Sachems and 75 Past Sachems.
Lee W. Zweydorf, of No. 7 and Ben H. Schrader, of No. 5 were appointed to assist the Great Junior Sagamore in the examination of Credentials.
Past Great Sachem Willie Walker of No. 1 was appointed Great Prophet for the session, Great Prophet Pelham being unable to be present.
Upon the recommendation of the Credential Committee fifty-seven Past Sachems were admitted to seats in the Great Council, and the representatives of sixty-two Tribes were recognized. The attendance this session was 136.
It was agreed that Representatives of Tribes instituted so recently as not to be legally entitled to representation be allowed mileage.
The Great Sachem announced the following appointments on committees to fill vacancies:—
State of the Order—C. P. Harding, of No. 5; L. H. Roberts, of No. 10.
Charters—Claude B. Terrell, of No. 90; J. M. Clifford, of No. 10; Hugh Johnson, of No. 81.
A communication was read from Great Incohonee Thomas G. Harrison, expressing his regret at not being able to be present and appointing Great Minewa, Thomas J. Smith as his representative.
The Deputy or Acting Great Incohonee was announced in the Forest and Past Great Sachems Willie Walker, Ellerkamp and John D. Walker were appointed as escorts, when he was admitted with the usual honors.
Great Sachem McFarlan presented his long talk in print, from which the following extracts are made:—
"We have much for which to extend thanks to the Great Spirit who has so kindly 'blessed us with plenty' and 'rewarded our labors two-fold'; at least have we not to be content with present conditions which everywhere indicate that the affairs of the Order are in splendid condition; that the affairs of the Great Council are in safe hands and that the rank and file is made up of indefatigable and competent workers, who are filled with enthusiasm and an earnest desire to advance the Order to that high and prominent position which it must eventually occupy and which every Red Man wishes it to attain. From every source comes to me good tidings of noble work being carried on; of palefaces being adopted; of a search for a better understanding of the fundamental principles and laws of the Order; Peace and harmony; good fellowship and brotherhood. I believe we can safely say that during the next Great Sun our membership will be increased to the extent that we shall have a larger representation in the Great Council of the United States. I wish that I could say my administration was one of perfection.
'It surely was my profit had I known, It would have been my pleasure had I seen.
"There have been sent to me words of encouragement; words of discouragement; words of hope; words of despair; words of praise; words of censure; but through all, gathering to himself the flowers of love, patience, kindness and sympathy, he has pressed on, giving to you his sincerest and best efforts, and now, extending to his brothers his thanks for these flowers, he greets you in truth, in Freedom, Friendship and Charity."
The Great Sachem recounted the institution of ten new Tribes and two new Councils of the Degree of Pocahontas, as well as the relighting of the council brand of Sagwa Tribe, No. 69, at Lawrenceburg.
He recited a long list of decisions, nearly all of which met with approval.
Concerning the Degree of Pocahontas he said:—"My report would be both inadequate and insufficient, indeed, should I fail to make some mention of the Degree of Pocahontas, now an important factor in our great American Order, and whose members are actuated and inspired to noble work by those cardinal principles we as Red Men hold so dear, Freedom, Friendship and Charity. The auxiliary is certainly becoming popular, and is now in a prosperous condition, and from information I can advisedly say that wherever it is established properly will prove a valuable adjunct to our work. I might add by way of suggestion or recommendation that it would be a wise move to establish as soon as practicable in this Reservation a Great Council of the Degree of Pocahontas, believing it is due them, and that much more good can come from this branch of the Order if they have the right and privilege extended them to counsel and legislate. * * * I note that the Great Incohonee in his report very pertinently remarks: 'This Degree deserves from the Great Council its wisest consideration, and no pains should be spared in any matters which may effect the interests and increase the usefulness of our Councils.'"
Cherokee Tribe, No. 8 and Hiawatha Tribe, No. 7, both of Louisville met with the misfortune to lose their charters and effects in the burning of the Masonic Temple on the 20th of Beaver Moon, G. S. D. 412, and the Great Sachem granted both Tribes dispensations to work without a charter until the Great Council should grant then new Charters.
On the 18th of Worm Moon, G. S. D. 413, by invitation of Great Sachem McFarlan, Great Incohonee Thos. G, Harrison made a visit to Kentucky, and a reception and banquet was given in his honor at the Louisville Hotel. More than two hundred guests were entertained, and the occasion was one of particular moment to Redmanship in this Reservation. In his Long Talk, the Great Sachem records extracts from many of the addresses, words of wisdom, encouragement and commendation.
From the Long Talk of Great Chief of Records Ray, the following statistics of the Order are taken:—Adopted since last report, 1152; admitted by card, 60; reinstated, 11; suspended, 594; expelled, 19; withdrawn, 50; deceased, 41; disbursed for relief, $9,015.29; for burial of the dead, $1,969.89; for other purposes, $14,396.12; invested by Tribes, $17,895.60; Total fund of Tribes, $35,589.28; number of working tribes, 73; number of Councils Degree of Pocahontas, 7.
The Great Keeper of Wampum reported the cash balance on hand as being $2,191.95.
An election for Assistant Great Chief of Records was then entered into with the result that Past Sachem Frank L. Smith, of No. 1 was re-elected, Past Sachem J. Robin Garr, of No. 99 being also in nomination.
A committee was appointed, Acting Great Incohonee Thos. J. Smith, presiding, to draft resolutions of sympathy and condolence on account of the recent death of the infant son of Great Sachem McFarlan, the following serving in that capacity:—N. G. Mothershead, of No. 57; C. P. Harding, of No. 5 and Claude B. Terrell, of No. 90.
The Great Council then went into the election of Great Chiefs with the following results:—
Horace J. McFarlan, of No. 33, was unanimously elected Great Prophet.
H. H. Denhardt, of No. 11 was elected Great Sachem without opposition.
Lewis L. Bebout, of No. 60 was elected Great Senior Sagamore, there being no other nominations.
Dan H. Russell, of No. 10 was elected Great Junior Sagamore, other nominees being Robert Lee Page, of No. 80, and Ben C. Nunn, of No. 14, the latter asking that his name be withdrawn.
Henry W. Ray, of No. 3 was elected Great Chief of Records for the second time, without opposition.
S. C. Moore, of No. 7 was unanimously elected Great Keeper of Wampum for the third time. Dr. Harry J. Phillips was nominated for this position, but he refused to become a candidate.
Horace J. McFarlan, Robert Lee Page and Lawrence S. Leopold were elected Great Representatives for two great suns each, the other candidates in nomination being G. A. Ellerkamp, of No. 8; Ben H. Shrader, of No. 5; John D. Walker, and Willie Walker, of No. 1.
At the request of Acting Great Incohonee Thos. J. Smith, State Exemplifier, Frank L. Smith, the recognized custodian of the work in Kentucky exemplified the unwritten work of the Order.
Frankfort was unanimously accepted as the hunting grounds in which the next Great Sun Council fire should be kindled.
The Great Council of the United States having adopted a new Code of laws embracing a new Constitution governing State Great Councils, it was ordered that the incoming committee on Law and Usage be augmented by the addition of two members, and they to prepare a new code of laws governing the Great Council of Kentucky and the Tribes under its jurisdiction, to report in print to the various Tribes, and their report to be reviewed at the next Great Sun Council.
The contract for the printing for the ensuing Great Sun was let to the Louisville Anzeiger Co. at $1.10 per page.
The amendment to the law laid over from last Great Council making electioneering a penal act was adopted.
The Great Council refused to change the time for holding the Great Sun Council from Flower Moon to Hot Moon.
It was ordered that each Past Great Sachem of the Great Council be presented with Past Great Sachem's Jewel, to cost no more than 25 fathoms each.
The Committee which had been previously appointed to prepare new Articles of Incorporation not having reported, the Great Sachem was authorized to appoint another Committee.
The Finance Committee recommended the payment of mileage to Great Chiefs, Representatives and members of standing committees, 82 in number, amounting to $1,403.19, averaging $17.11 each.
The Great Council then went into the Committee of the Whole for the consideration of amendments to the laws.
Upon the recommendation of the Finance Committee the following appropriations were made:—
To the Tribe entertaining the Great Council each Great sun, $150.00.
To the Assistant Great Chief of Records for services, $75.00.
To the Great Sachem for the use of himself and State Exemplifier, $1,250.
A new code of laws governing the organization and institution of Tribes was adopted. Up to this time the matter of organization had been conducted much upon the "go as you please" plan, each Great Sachem using his own judgment in the matter. The adoption of definite laws governing this matter was a boon to following Great Sachems.
A regulation was adopted requiring financial chiefs of the Great Council and Tribes and Councils of the Degree of Pocahontas to be bonded in such indemnity company as might be selected by the Finance Committee from time to time.
An amendment was offered to be considered at the next Great Sun Council providing for the nomination and election of Great Chiefs on the second sun of the session instead of the first.
An amendment was offered defining the bounds of Deputy Great Sachems, providing for districts, and for the holding of district meetings for the purpose of exemplification, but same was laid over for one great sun.
Upon the recommendation of the Committee on Charters the following named Tribes and Councils of the Degree of Pocahontas were granted charters:—Niagara, No. 96, Orangeburg; Kenawha, No. 97, Vanceburg; Pontiac, No. 98, Louisville; Wauneeka, No. 99, Louisville; Buffalo, No. 100, Sardis; Raritan, No. 101, Worthville; Modoc, No. 102, Louisville; Ute, No. 103, Torrent; Lackawanna, No. 4, Salt Lick; Catawba, No. 105, Prestonville; Tamina, No. 106, Jennings; Ramona Council, No. 7, Augusta; Hiawatha Council, No. 8, Fourmile; Mojave Council, No. 9, Maysville; Charters were also ordered issued to Cherokee, No. 8, and Hiawatha, No. 7, both of Louisville, both having been lost by fire.
It was ordered that a special committee be appointed to take charge of any orphan matters, to investigate, and take the proper steps to secure them the benefits of the Orphans' Guardian Fund. The Great Sachem appointed Ben C. Nunn, of No. 14; O. R. King, of No. 1; A. C. Fahrenberg, of No. 10.
Acting Great Incohonee Thomas J. Smith proceeded to raise the elective and appointive Great Chiefs, with the assistance of Past Great Sachem Willie Walker, of No. 1, Acting Great Tocakon.
| H. H. Denhardt, of No. 11 | Great Sachem. |
| L. L. Bebout, of No. 60 | Great Senior Sagamore. |
| Dan. H. Russell, of No. 10 | Great Junior Sagamore. |
| H. J. McFarlan, of No. 33 | Great Prophet. |
| Henry Wood Ray, of No. 3 | Great Chief of Records. |
| S. C. Moore, of No. 7 | Great Keeper of Wampum. |
| Harry J. Phillips, of No. 10 | Great Sannap. |
| Lee W. Zweydorf, of No. 7 | Great Mishinewa. |
| J. K. Moore, of No. 32 | Great Guard of Wigwam. |
| J. Robin Garr, of No. 99 | Great Guard of Forest. |
The special committee on Orphans reported they had performed the duties intrusted to them and asked to be discharged, which was done, and it was ordered that the Great Sachem appoint another committee to continue the work ad interim.
The following committees were announced to serve the ensuing Great Sun:—
Finance—H. J. Northcutt, of No. 37; Henry Schwieters, of No. 8; J. H. Kemper, of No. 18.
Law and Usage—George W. Hinesley, of No. 8; John W. Riley, of No. 11; Gustav A. Ellerkamp, of No. 8; O. R. King, of No. 1; J. W. Matthews, of No. 67.
Returns and Reports—T. J. Tierney, of No. 80; J. H. Adams, of No. 83; Hugh Johnson, of No. 81.
State of the Order—J. J. Freundlich, of No. 60; N. G. Mothershead, of No. 57; J. M. Clifford, of No. 10.
Appeals—C. H. Morris, of No. 33; C. P. Harding, of No. 5; John Hafendorfer, of No. 14.
After tendering a rising vote of thanks to Otego Tribe No. 60 for their more than hospitable treatment of the Great Council and its members while in their hunting grounds, and when the Great Prophet had said a prayer, the council fire was quenched.
1905.
ELEVENTH GREAT SUN COUNCIL.
The eleventh Great Sun Council fire of the Great Council of Kentucky was kindled in the Council Chamber of Blackfoot Tribe, No. 67, Hunting Grounds of Frankfort, at the 11th run, 30th breath, rising of the 9th Sun of Flower Moon, G. S. D. 414. Previous to the kindling of the Council Fire addresses of welcome, with responses, interspersed with music, were delivered by Hon. James Darnell, Mayor; Great Sachem H. H. Denhardt; Bro. T. H. Crockett, of No. 67; Great Senior Sagamore L. L. Bebout. When the friends and guests had departed, the regular session began, all the elective Great Chiefs being present, and 90 Past Sachems.
The Great Sachem appointed the following to fill vacancies for the session:—
Ben. C. Nunn, of No. 14, Great Sannap.
M. M. Harbeson, of No. 7, Great Mishinewa.
Chintz Royalty, of No. 38, Great Guard of Wigwam.
To assist the Great Junior Sagamore in the examination of credentials the Great Sachem appointed W. M. Toomey, of No. 83; and Frank Wagner, of No. 14.
A communication was received from Great Incohonee J. W. Cherry, announcing that Great Guard of the Forest Jas. H. Cook had been commissioned to represent him at this session, and he being announced as being in the forest, Great Representatives Louis Vissman, John H. Buschemeyer and Robt. Lee Page were appointed to escort him into the Council Chamber.
Acting Great Incohonee James H. Cook was formally introduced and greeted with the honors of the Order.
It was agreed that the representatives of Tribes so recently instituted as not to be legally entitled to representation be admitted and allowed mileage.
Upon the recommendation of Great Junior Sagamore D. H. Russell, 66 Past Sachems in waiting were introduced and received the Great Council Degree.
Upon the recommendation of the same Great Chief, the credentials of the representatives of 67 Tribes, and they being present were accorded seats as such in the Great Council.
The total attendance at this session was 145.
The following were appointed to fill vacancies on Committees:—
Judiciary—M. B. Wallerstein, of No. 60.
Orphans—E. M. Wallace, of No. 5 and J. G. Renaker, of No. 37.
Charters—J. C. Lykins, of No. 113; M. M. Redding, of No. 64; W. H. McDonald, of No. 111.
Great Sachem H. H. Denhardt, as was now the custom, presented his Long Talk in print, and the following extracts will be of interest:—
"As the members of the Great Council of Kentucky assemble in peace and harmony around this Great Sun's Council fire, we can congratulate ourselves upon the close of the most prosperous year in the history of the Order in Kentucky. From Paducah our runners swiftly to their Tribes returned spreading the spirit of true fraternity there engendered into every wigwam in our Reservation, and as a result the council fires of the various Tribes have been kept brightly burning; discord has been banished from their midst; and the braves and warriors have become accustomed to assemble not for the purpose of wrangling among themselves, of gaining some petty advantage over another brother or over another Tribe, but plans for the capturing of palefaces were discussed and as a result at least two thousand palefaces' scalps are dangling at the belts of our warriors and braves.
This Great Sun has been one fraught with many blessings and pleasures. The propitious sky has occasionally been obscured by a fleeting cloud, but the passing shadow only intensified the brightness that followed.
Through the sunshine and the shadows, the pleasures and trials, our beloved Order has grown until now it has taken rank as one of the most prosperous fraternal societies in Kentucky.
I have brought to the performance of the duties devolving upon me my best energies, my untiring efforts and all the zeal and industry I could command. It, no doubt, is true that I have not measured up to the full requirements of the high and important Chieftaincy to which your over-kindness has elevated me; I have, however, labored with an eye single to the advancement of our Order. I have tried to be diligent, sought to be impartial and endeavored to be zealous and faithful."
Concerning Councils of the Degree of Pocahontas he said:—"I have done what I could to promote the welfare of this most excellent branch of our order. Some progress has been made, but still there is need of encouragement being given those who are striving to push forward the cause of this Degree."
He reported the institution of twenty-one new Tribes and two Councils of the Degree of Pocahontas, as well as the resuscitation of four Tribes and one Council D. of P.
Concerning the Widows' and Orphans' Home Fund he said:—"It seemed to be almost the unanimous opinion of those to whom I talked concerning this matter that the time for the creation of this fund had arrived even at the last Great Council; however, no action was taken. I believe that the movement to establish a Home for the Widows and Orphans of Kentucky Red Men is the greatest work ever undertaken by our beloved Order in Kentucky. When we establish a Home of this sort we are doing some real good in the world and that is what our Order exists for, and that is, or should be, the aim of every member of the Order."
After publishing a list of subscriptions to the Home Fund amounting to $438.30, and having recounted a long list of visitations, he said—
"The Angel of Death has laid his hand heavily on our Order during the past Great Sun. Mary McFarlan, wife of Horace J. McFarlan, Great Prophet of the Great Council of Kentucky, died on the 15th Sun of Buck Moon, G. S. D. 413.
Thomas Alden Hornsey, Past Great Sachem of the Great Council of Kentucky died on the 12th Sleep of Beaver Moon, G. S. D. 413.
Thomas H. Watts, Great Incohonee of the Great Council of the United States, died on the 29th Sun of Worm Moon, G. S. D. 414.
Past Sachem M. J. Madden, member of the Widows' and Orphans' Committee of this Great Council died on the 17th Sun of Worm Moon, G. S. D. 414."
After an account of dispensations granted, decisions made, and details of minor transactions, the Great Sachem closes with thanks to his associates and to the Great Council.
The Great Chief of Record's Long Talk affords the following information:—Adopted since last report, 1,994; admitted by card, 118; reinstated, 13; suspended, 643; expelled, 14; withdrawn, 81; deceased, 72; present membership, 6,993; disbursed for relief, $10,958.09; for burials, $3,436.31; for other purposes, $25,326.71; invested, $24,107.60; total fund of Tribes, $46,302.86; Tribes instituted since last report, 21; number of working Tribes 91.
The Great Keeper of Wampum reported the cash balance in the Great Council wampum belt as being $1,886.30; in the Widows' and Orphans' Home Fund, $438.30.
The election for Great Chiefs resulted as follows:—
Lewis L. Bebout, of No. 60 was elected Great Sachem unanimously.
Dan. H. Russell, of No. 10 was elected Great Senior Sagamore without opposition.
H. H. Denhardt, of No. 11 was elected Great Prophet, by acclamation, there being no other nominees.
Robert Lee Page, of No. 80 was elected Great Junior Sagamore, Past Sachem J. W. Matthews, of No. 67 being also in nomination. J. H. Kemper of No. 18 had been nominated, but desired his name to be withdrawn.
Henry Wood Ray, of No. 3 was unanimously elected Great Chief of Records for the third consecutive term.
S. C. Moore, of No. 7 was, upon motion of O. R. King, of No. 1, who had been placed in nomination against him, unanimously re-elected Great Keeper of Wampum for the fourth consecutive term. Past Sachem King declined to be a candidate.
Gustav A. Ellerkamp, of No. 8; John H. Buschemeyer, of No. 8; W. A. Crader, of No. 8, and M. B. Wallerstein, of No. 60 were elected Great Representatives to the Great Council of the United States for two Great Suns each. Other candidates in nomination were Lawrence S. Leopold, of No. 8; Frank L. Smith, of No. 1 and C. P. Harding of No. 5.
The Great Council agreed unanimously to return to Frankfort one Great Sun hence and again kindle its Great Sun Council fire in the Capitol City.
Past Sachem Albert Miller of No. 1 presented the Great Council with a magnificent Great Sachem's Stump, carved from the solid wood in representation of a Chieftain's bust, decorated with feathers and emblems of the Order.
The Committee on Revision of the Laws, which had been appointed at the previous Great Council, now presented its report in print. Shortly after the adjournment one great sun ago, the committee had met, and realizing the magnitude of the work before them, expressed its belief that one brother could accomplish the desired result with less difficulty and in a shorter time than a number, and agreed to employ Past Sachem Frank L. Smith, of No. 1, to do the work, if he would undertake it. That chief accepting the commission, submitted his report to the full committee in Sturgeon Moon, G. S. D. 413, and with slight changes was adopted by the committee.
This report, embracing an entirely new code of law, founded upon the general plan outlined by the Great Council of the United States, making an entire separation of the legislative, executive and judicial departments, was now before the Great Council, which went into the Committee of the Whole for its consideration. Upon the rising of the committee, the laws as presented by the Revision Committee were adopted, with the exception of that article relating to the establishment of the Widows' and Orphans' Home Fund. This article was made a special order of business, and was the subject of earnest debate.
Those opposing the adoption of the law were not adverse to the principle, but to the method of applying relief to the needy, their plan, which they wished to substitute for a Widows' and Orphans' Home, was the establishment of an Endowment Fund, the income from which should be used to defray the expenses of its beneficiaries in private homes rather than in an institution. After protracted debate, the law as presented by the Committee on Revision, establishing the Widows' and Orphans' Home Fund, with some slight technical alterations, was adopted by an almost unanimous vote. The law as finally adopted was almost identical with that presented at the previous Great Council and which was then tabled.
The Committee on Incorporation of the Great Council presented a verbal report, stating that articles had been prepared and would be submitted when properly recorded. The articles prepared by this committee, while published as preface to the new code of laws, were never recorded, and consequently never were in operation.
Upon the recommendation of the Committee, charters were ordered issued to the following named Tribes: Juanita, No. 107, Ghent; Kenton, No. 108, Artemus; Wautauga, No. 109, Bosworth; Wabash, No. 110, Nicholasville; Tchoupitoulas, No. 111, Barbourville; Winnebago, No. 112, Henderson; Ocono, No. 113, Campton; Tonawanda, No. 114, Grayson; Minnehaha, No. 115, Cropper; Saco, No. 116, West Liberty; Neponset, No. 117, Jackson; Akkeewassa, No. 118, Cannel City; Ganoga, No. 119, Gratz; Navajo, No. 120, Sandy Hook; Tacoma, No. 121, Hazel Green; Oseetah, No. 122, Redwine; Kinniconick, No. 125, Bowen; Seminole, No. 126, Denniston; Apache, No. 127, Robbins; Indianola Council, No. 10, D. of P., Carrollton. A new charter was also granted Calumet Tribe, No. 18, theirs having been destroyed by fire.
The Committee on Appeals rendered several decisions, which were approved, but it is not thought best to here record them, they being of a personal nature.
The Finance Committee recommended the payment of mileage to 100 Great Chiefs, Representatives and members of Standing Committees, amounting to $661.32, being an average of $6.6123 per member paid.
That committee recommended a Bonding Company; that the printing be awarded to the Louisville Anzeiger Co.; that the salary of the Assistant Great Chief of Records be increased to $150.00; all of which were approved.
The Assistant Great Chief of Records now being an appointee of the Great Chief of Records, G. C. of R. Ray appointed Frank L. Smith, of No. 1, to that position.
The Great Chief of Records presented to the Great Council the set of jewels said to have been in use by the old Great Council of Kentucky at the time of its demise, they having been secured through the efforts of the members of Miami Tribe, No. 17, and Mingo Tribe, No. 93, both of Newport, and it was agreed they should be worn by the Chiefs of the present Great Council. The jewels, however, proved not to be Great Council Jewels, being of silver, but the regulation Tribal Jewels.
Acting Great Incohonee Jas. H. Cook, having appointed Past Great Sachem G. A. Ellerkamp as Great Tocakon, raised the following elective and appointive Great Chiefs:
| Lewis L. Bebout, of No. 60 | Great Sachem |
| Dan H. Russell, of No. 10 | Great Senior Sagamore |
| Robert Lee Page, of No. 80 | Great Junior Sagamore |
| H. H. Denhardt, of No. 11 | Great Prophet |
| Henry Wood Ray, of No. 3 | Great Chief of Records |
| S. C. Moore, of No. 7 | Great Keeper of Wampum |
| C. P. Harding, of No. 5 | Great Sannap |
| W. E. Buck, of No. 60 | Great Mishinewa |
| Val. J. Baader, of No. 17 | Great Guard of Wigwam |
| G. Michael, of No. 22 | Great Guard of Forest |
The Great Sachem announced the following appointments:
Board of Appeals—Geo. W. Hinesley, of No. 8, three great suns; J. J. Freundlich, of No. 60, two great suns; O. R. King, of No. 1, one great sun.
Trustees of Widows' and Orphans' Home Fund—Henry C. Yunker, of No. 7, three great suns; G. W. Griffith, of No. 11, two great suns; C. Royalty, of No. 38, one great sun.
Finance—H. J. Northcutt, of No. 37; J. H. Kemper, of No. 18; T. J. Tierney, of No. 80.
Judiciary—J. W. Mathews, of No. 67; Jos. C. Lykins, of No. 113; N. G. Mothershead, of No. 57.
State of the Order—Sebastian Stone, of No. 56; W. H. McDonald, of No. 111; Ben C. Nunn, of No. 14.
Returns and Reports—J. M. Clifford, of No. 10; Duke White, of No. 3; C. F. Melton, of No. 70.
State Exemplifier—Frank L. Smith, of No. 1.
Past Great Sachem's Jewels were presented to the following Past Great Sachems: Thos. A. Davis, of No. 3; John I. Winter, of No. 3; W. C. Diederich, of No. 19; Willie Walker, of No. 1; Gustav A. Ellerkamp, of No. 8; John D. Walker, of No. 1; W. C. Pelham, of No. 3; C. E. Lyddane, of No. 2; H. J. McFarlan, of No. 33; H. H. Denhardt, of No. 11.
After appropriate resolutions of thanks, and when the Great Prophet had invoked the Great Spirit, the council fire was quenched.
The Code of Laws as adopted at the Eleventh Great Sun Council was approved by the Judiciary Committee of the Great Council of the United States, entire, yet when that Great Council met in Great Sun Council in Corn Moon, G. S. D. 414, the committee recommended that its action be reversed in approving that part of the Laws of the Great Council of Kentucky relating to the establishment of the Widows' and Orphans' Home Fund. Appeal was taken to the Great Board of Appeals of the Great Council of the United States, and that Great Board ruled the whole matter in conflict with the Constitution of the Great Council of the United States, which Great Council reserved unto itself the exclusive right to legislate concerning the maintenance of orphans.
The effect of this ruling was to make nul and void all legislation by the Great Council of Kentucky concerning the Widows' and Orphans' Home Fund. The laws as enacted at the eleventh Great Council were again submitted to the Judiciary Committee of the Great Council of the United States, minus any reference to a Widows' and Orphans' Home Fund, and were then approved and published.
1906.
TWELFTH GREAT SUN COUNCIL.
The Twelfth Great Sun Council fire of the Great Council of Kentucky was kindled in the Legislative Hall of the State Capitol, hunting grounds of Frankfort, by courtesy of Blackfoot Tribe, No. 67, at the 11th run, 40th breath, rising of the 8th sun of Flower Moon, G. S. D. 415.
Prior to the kindling of the council fire, addresses of welcome and responses were delivered by Gov. J. C. W. Beckham, Mayor E. E. Hume, Col. G. B. Harper, Great Sachem L. L. Bebout, Great Senior Sagamore D. H. Russell, Representative T. Hiter Crockett, Great Junior Sagamore Robert L. Page, Past Great Sachem H. H. Denhardt, and Wilson Brooks, Great Chief of Records of the Great Council of the United States.
After the visitors had retired, the council fire was kindled in ample form, all elective Great Chiefs being present, seven Great Representatives, five Past Great Sachems and 112 Past Sachems.
Great Chief of Records Ray appointed F. L. Smith as Assistant Great Chief of Records.
Great Sachem Bebout appointed Claude B. Terrell, of No. 90, and Con. Trauth, of No. 7, to assist the Great Junior Sagamore in the examination of credentials. He also appointed Harry J. Richardson, of No. 3, to fill a vacancy on Committee on Returns and Reports, all other members of Standing Committees being present.
Upon the recommendation of the Credential Committee, 102 Past Sachems were admitted for the first time. The total attendance at this session was 204.
The roll call of representatives revealed the presence of a representative from each of 83 Tribes out of 109 entitled to representation.
Great Sachem Bebout presented his long talk in print, as usual, and the following extracts reveal the general condition of the Order at that time:
"Our runners have been busy in paying visitations to the various hunting grounds in this reservation, and from each hunting ground where a Tribe of our Order exists comes the glad tidings that our brothers are dwelling in peace and harmony.
No longer does the pale face nation look with distrust upon our warriors, but truly the "tomahawk has been buried" and the Red Men and pale face meet as friends.
I desire first of all to recall to your minds the motto of our beloved "Old Kentucky", "United we stand, divided we fall," and trust this may be adopted in our deliberations. The Improved Order of Red Men has a mission to perform among our fellow men that we alone can perform.
We are now permited to report the establishment and institution of more tribes within our borders, since the quenching of our last Great Sun Council fire than during any Great Sun since our Order has been in existence."
Great Sachem Bebout is in error. He reports the institution of 29 new Tribes, while during Willie Walkers administration (G. S. D. 409-410) 32 new Tribes were organized.
"Our representatives at our last Great Sun's Council placed upon the pages of our speaking book a law, in accordance with the fundamental teachings of our Order, which provided for the creation of a fund to be used in the establishment of a Home within our borders, which should be a shelter for the unfortunates of our Tribes, who may not be able to withstand the trials and hardships which attend the unprotected in this busy, hustling commercial age in which we live.
In the Great Book of Life we find this expression, 'And a little child shall lead them.' How true this is in this instance. The little children of the membership of Irondequoit Tribe, No. 38, located at Hardinsburg, were the first contributors to this fund.
After the enactment of this law, with the other laws enacted by us, the whole was presented to the Judiciary Committee of the Great Council of the United States for their approval, and having received the approval of that committee were promulgated to the Tribes."
The fate of this measure has already been recorded on these pages, and the Great Council at this time found itself with an overwhelming sentiment in favor of the law as previously passed or a similar one, but without the power of enactment.
Continuing, the Great Sachem said: "Realizing that the desire of our membership is as strong, nay stronger than ever before, for the establishment of a Red Men's Widows' and Orphans' Home in our beloved State, I beg to suggest that your Representatives to the Great Council of the United States be instructed to request that Great Council to pass an enabling act which will permit you to put your desires into execution. This request, properly presented, will, in my opinion, appeal to our brothers, members of our noble order in other reservations, in such a way that your request will be unanimously granted."
After recounting a list of appointments, visitations made, decisions and opinions, the Great Sachem again speaks as follows:
"The members of the Great Council are perhaps aware of the organization of the Great Chief of Records Association of the United States. This organization meets annually at the same time and place of the Great Council of the United States, and is composed of the Great Chiefs of Records of the several reservations. It must be apparent to all that such an organization will be of material advantage to the Order, and I desire to recommend that the Great Council of Kentucky make an allowance and request our Great Chief of Records to attend and become a member of this organization.
Conforming to the organization of the Great Chief of Records Association of the United States, I would recommend the organization of a State Association of Chiefs of Records, to be composed of the Chiefs of Records of all the Tribes in the Reservation, and urge upon all Tribes the importance of such an organization, and to make proper appropriation of wampum for the expense of their Chief of Records in attending these meetings."
Regarding Councils of the Degree of Pocahontas, he said: "I feel that this branch of our work is neglected, and that we should make more effort to assist our sisters in their noble work. I would recommend that a permanent committee to be known as the 'Committee on Degree of Pocahontas' be appointed by the Great Sachem, and the matter of organization and other duties relating to this branch of our order be referred to this committee."
The following statistics are taken from the long talk of Great Chief of Records Henry W. Ray: Adopted since last report, 2,440; admitted by card, 62; reinstated, 45; suspended, 1,336; expelled, 11; withdrawn, by card, 67; deceased, 79; present membership, 7,651; number of Tribes instituted since last report, 29; number of working tribes, 109; disbursed by Tribes for relief, $13,508.73; for burial of dead, $3,513.55; for other purposes, $48,095.02; amount invested by Tribes, $35,472.24; total worth of Tribes $59,569.00.
The Great Council by a unanimous vote instructed its Great Representatives to apply to the Great Council of the United States for an "enabling act" or to so modify its laws as to permit State Great Councils to found Homes for their widows' and orphans. The resolution was offered by Great Senior Sagamore Russell.
A Committee, consisting of Past Great Sachems Willie Walker, Ellerkamp and McFarland was appointed to escort to the Council Chamber Great Chief of Records Wilson Brooks, who had been delegated to represent the Great Incohonee at this session. The committee performed its duties, and Acting Great Incohonee Wilson Brooks was received with due honors.
The Great Sachem appointed the following as a committee on Charters: H. H. Denhardt, of No. 11; D. A. Cross, of No. 60; J. G. Renaker, of No. 37.
Mention had been made by the Great Sachem in his long talk of the terrible disaster to the hunting grounds of San Francisco by earthquake, and of an appeal for aid for sufferers from same. The Great Chief of Records reported that subscriptions to the amount of $295.45 had been received and forwarded to the Great Sachem of the reservation of California.
As at the previous Great Sun's Council an entirely new Code of laws had been adopted, the Judiciary Committee (formerly Committee on Law and Usage) had been instructed to continue as a Committee on Revision, and at this session, quite a number of amendments were reported by that committee, tending to improve and "smooth up" the laws, and were adopted.
Another attempt was made to change the time for kindling the Great Sun Council fire from Flower Moon to Hot Moon but without success.
It was claimed that the Articles of Incorporation as printed in the new Code were faulty, and never having been recorded were not in force. The Great Representatives to the Great Council of the United States were appointed a Committee to prepare new Articles and to have them recorded.
A resolution was offered to amend the laws in such a manner that the voting franchise should be limited to Representatives of Tribes only. This resolution was laid over for one Great Sun, but caused great commotion, as heretofore all Past Sachems had been qualified to vote upon all questions and in the election for chiefs, except when the representative vote might be demanded on a measure of legislation.
The representatives to the Great Council of the United States were instructed to endeavor to have the laws of the G. C. U. S. amended so as to provide for biennial instead of annual sessions.
The Great Council went into the election of Great Chiefs with the following results:
Dan H. Russell, of No. 10 was elected Great Sachem by acclamation.
Robert L. Page, of No. 80 was elected Great Senior Sagamore without opposition.
Joe H. Kemper, of No. 18 was elected Great Junior Sagamore on the first ballot, W. H. McDonald, of No. 111 being also in nomination.
Lewis L. Bebout was unanimously elected Great Prophet.
Henry Wood Ray, of No. 3 was elected Great Chief of Records for the Fourth consecutive term, Ben. C. Nunn, of No. 14, being also in nomination.
Herman V. Cohn, of No. 8 was elected Great Keeper of Wampum, S. C. Moore, of No. 7, who had filled the chieftaincy for four consecutive terms being defeated for re-election by a narrow margin.
L. L. Bebout, of No. 60, Lawrence S. Leopold, of No. 8 and H. J. McFarlan, of No. 33; were elected Great Representatives, the others in nomination being R. L. Page, of No. 80 and Willie Walker, of No. 1.
The Charter committee recommended the issuing of charters to the following named Tribes and Councils: Shawnee, No. 77, Georgetown; Tuscarora, No. 124, Tyrone; Antigo, No. 128, Claysville; Mendota, No. 131, Corinth; Oneida, No. 132, Cherokee; Paduke, No. 133, Murray; Logan, No. 134, Ewing; Wahbee, No. 135, Yocum; Wamsutta, No. 136, Dan; Tuscola, No. 137, Warfield; Connewago, No. 138, Fallsburg; Uppowoc, No. 139, Maytown; Uchees, No. 140, Rockdale; Tonnuluka, No. 141, Millers Creek; Nevada, No. 142, Flat Gap; Chickasaw, No. 143, Paintsville; Algona, No. 144, East Bernstadt; Algonquin, No. 145, Berry; Shawnese, No. 146, Cave City; Elkatawa, No. 147, Ford; Natchez, No. 148, Glenwood; Oniska, No. 149, Middlesboro; Cohota, No. 150, Louisa; Ocono, No. 113, at Campton, to replace one destroyed by fire; Collo Kene Council, No. 11, D. of P.; Chanzeck, No. 129, of Lee City, and Lechawa, No. 130, of Mize, were not granted charters, their council fires having become extinct.
The Finance Committee reported mileage paid to 111 members, amounting to $752.38 being an average of $6.771/2 per member.
Lexington was selected as the next place for kindling the Great Sun Council fire, Newport and Frankfort being in nomination.
The question on the limitation of franchise to representatives only was taken up and lost by a Tribal vote of 47 ayes to 16 nays, it requiring a four-fifths vote to pass the resolution.
The bill to limit the franchise was again offered to be considered at the next Great Suns Council.
Acting Great Incohonee Wilson Brooks then raised the Great Chiefs, appointing Past Great Sachem G. A. Ellerkamp as Great Tocakon.
| Dan H. Russell, of No. 10 | Great Sachem. |
| Robert Lee Page, of No. 80 | Great Senior Sagamore. |
| Joe H. Kemper, of No. 18 | Great Junior Sagamore. |
| Lewis L. Bebout, of No. 60 | Great Prophet. |
| Henry Wood Ray, of No. 3 | Great Chief of Records. |
| Herman V. Cohn, of No. 8 | Great Keeper of Wampum. |
| A. Englehardt, Jr., of No. 8 | Great Sannap. |
| L. H. Roberts, of No. 10 | Great Mishinewa. |
| Val. J. Baader, of No. 17 | Great Guard of Wigwam. |
| M. L. Levin, of No. 22 | Great Guard of Forest. |
Great Sachem Russell announced his appointments on Standing Committees as follows:
Member of Board of Appeals for three great suns—T. Hiter Crockett, of No. 67.
Trustee of Widows' and Orphans' Home Fund, for three Great Suns—Chintz Royalty, of No. 38.
Finance—Henry Schwieters, of No. 8; T. J. Tierney, of No. 80; Chas. A. Hess, of No. 10.
Judiciary—W. H. McDonald, of No. 111; R. A. Chiles, of No. 18; A. J. Steele, of No. 10.
State of the Order—Ben C. Nunn, of No. 14; Frank Hartman, of No. 5; L. Rosenfield, of No. 98.
Returns and Reports—Jacob Gross, of No. 5; Hugo Schultz, of No. 25; S. T. Rabold, of No. 11.
The appointments of the Great Sachem on Board of Appeals and Trustee of Widows' and Orphans' Home Fund were unanimously approved.
After appropriate resolutions of thanks to Blackfoot Tribe, and when the Great Prophet had said a prayer, the Great Council fire was quenched.
1907.
THIRTEENTH GREAT SUN COUNCIL.
The Thirteenth Great Sun's Council fire of the Great Council of Kentucky was kindled in the Auditorium at Woodland Park, Hunting Grounds of Lexington, under the auspices of Miantonomo Tribe, No. 1, at the 11th run, 30th breath, rising of the 14th sun of Flower Moon, G. S. D. 416.
Before the council fire had been kindled addresses of welcome and response were delivered by Hon. Thos. H. Clay, acting for Mayor Combs, Great Sachem D. H. Russell, Chief Wallace Muir, of No. 1, and Past Sachem T. Hiter Crockett, of No. 67.
All of the Great Chiefs were present, eight Great Representatives, eight Past Great Sachems, and 153 Past Sachems.
Great Chief of Records Henry W. Ray appointed Frank L. Smith, of No. 1 as Assistant Great Chief of Records.
Great Sachem Russell appointed Past Sachem Sam Marcus, of No. 8 as a member of the Committee on Returns and Reports to fill a vacancy.
The same Great Chief appointed the following to constitute a Committee on Charters:—Con. Trouth, of No. 7; H. J. McFarlan, of No. 33; Geo. S. Wiemer, of No. 6.
Great Junior Sagamore Joe H. Kemper reported the presence of 131 Past Sachems in the Forest with proper credentials, and they were admitted and received the Great Council Degree. The total attendance at this Great Council was 268.
The roll call of representatives revealed the presence of the representatives of 110 Tribes out of 145 eligible to representation.
Great Incohonee W. A. S. Bird of the Great Council of the United States was admitted and received with the Grand Honors of the Order.
Great Sachem Russell presented his long talk in print, and the following quotations will be found of interest, revealing the condition of the Order at that time:—
"Our membership now numbers over eleven thousand, with forty-five new Tribes and three new Councils. Redmanship stands in Kentucky unchallenged as one of the greatest benevolent fraternities of modern times, commanding the respect of all acquainted with its accomplishments, the admiration of all who know its purpose and the affection of all who participate around the council brands of our Tribes.
The oldest truly American fraternity has grown greater, stronger and better in our Reservation and its present position fills with pride those who have assisted in its marvelous growth during the past Great Sun, and every member must rejoice in his affiliation with such a powerful thoroughly American organization.
The Great Sachem, assisted by the brothers of all the Tribes in Jefferson County, organized a mammoth class adoption of 500 palefaces, and on the sleep of the 28th of Beaver Moon, G. S. D. 415, in the presence of Great Incohonee W. A. S. Bird, more palefaces were adopted than at any one time in the history of the Order in Kentucky."
The Great Sachem offered many recommendations for the consideration of the Great Council, in the nature of amendments to the laws, particularly regarding the matter of sick and funeral benefits, and among these recommendations the following:—concerning the clause forbidding electioneering:—"This portion of Kentucky Laws is unreasonable, inasmuch as it does not give to the members of our Order the privileges usually accorded to an American citizen. No harm can be done, and no wrong committed by the publicity of the personal wishes of a brother of our Order."
Great Sachem Russell records a vast amount of business transacted, decisions made, appointments, etc., and concludes the records of a remarkable administration as follows:—
"We come to this Great Council with every Tribe having reported and paid its per capita tax, and when the great number of Tribes in this reservation is considered, it is a remarkable condition, and it is due to the enthusiastic fraternal spirit that exists in the hearts of every Red Man in our Reservation.
The American Flag, the emblem of Freedom, renews in every Red Man's heart the true American spirit that was breathed into the souls of the Sons of Liberty and which later proclaimed for them their Independence.
The spirit of Liberty was the foundation of the greatest fraternity of modern times and this same spirit of freedom that prompted the Sons of Liberty has been given additional force by the presence of the Stars and Stripes in the council chambers of the various Tribes, and engenders more thorough fraternal and patriotic feeling than any one emblem. I suggest that the Great Council of Kentucky give each and every Tribe on the night of institution this emblem of freedom, so this same spirit will be injected into the hearts of all the newly adopted brothers."
From the long talk of the Great Chief of Records the following statistics are taken:—adopted since last report, 2,853; admitted by card, 81; reinstated, 145; suspended, 1,623; expelled, 14; withdrawn by card, 95; deceased, 65; present membership, 8,933; Number of tribes last report, 109; new tribes, 31; tribes resuscitated, 5; tribes extinct since last report, 17; whole number of tribes Jan. 1st, 1907, 128. Disbursed for relief, $13,721.55; for burial of the dead, $2,941.50; for other purposes, $41,566.25; invested by Tribes, $49,872.96; Total worth of Tribes, $78,001.86.
The Great Council of the United States had, since the last session of the Great Council of Kentucky, adopted an enabling act, permitting State Great Councils to legislate for the care and maintenance of Widows, Orphans and Aged Red Men, and a bill was now introduced with the following title, being quite similar to the one previously enacted by the Great Council of Kentucky, but which had been declared unconstitutional by the supreme authority:—
"A bill, to provide for the support of Widows and Orphans of deceased Red Men, and of Aged Red Men, and the ultimate establishment of a Home for the same."
In one respect the bill was quite different from the former, in that it provided for the immediate relief of beneficiaries, a portion of the tax proposed to be levied to be set aside for that purpose.
As has been recorded on these pages, there were two factions in the Great Council, each eager for the adoption of relief laws, but with different ideas as to the application of the same. On the one side were those who desired the immediate establishment of a Home or Institution, while on the other was the party desiring the care and support of its beneficiaries within the homes of individuals. The bill now presented provided for the trial of the latter plan, while a fund was being accumulated for the adoption of the former in the future. After discussion in the Committee of the whole and protracted debate on the floor of the Great Council the bill was adopted by a Tribal vote of 85 ayes to 11 nays.
The per capita tax was increased from 60 inches per great sun to 80 inches, fifteen inches of which to be set aside for the relief fund, and 5 inches of this to be devoted to immediate relief if required.
Great Sachem Russell immediately appointed the three members of the Board of Trustees of the Widows', Orphans' and Aged Red Men's Relief Fund, as provided in the enactment, as follows:—H. C. Yunker, of No. 7 for one Great Sun; Ben Rosenthall, of No. 14 for two Great Suns and Sam Marcus, of No. 8 for three Great Suns, the Great Sachem and Great Chief of Records being also members of the Board ex-officio.
A bill was presented providing for the reduction of the commission to be paid to organizers of new Tribes, but it failed to pass.
The contract for printing for the ensuing great sun was awarded to the Louisville Anzeiger Company of Louisville.
Upon the recommendation of the Finance Committee mileage was paid to 147 Great Chiefs, Representatives and members of Standing Committees, amounting to $970.86, being an average of $6.771/2 to each.
The old committee on Widows and Orphans reported having in its possession the sum of $472.68.
A bill was presented for future consideration providing for a maximum amount to be paid for benefits when the dues of the beneficiary are paid in advance, and a minimum when not so paid.
Great Sachem Russell was presented with a beautiful emblematic ring, on behalf of his many friends in the Order.
The famous "Disfranchisement Bill" was withdrawn and thus came to an end a measure which promised to cause much dissension.
The Committee recommended that charters be issued to the following named forty-five Tribes and three Councils of the Degree of Pocahontas, which was the largest number of Tribes ever instituted under the administration of any Great Sachem of Kentucky, and the only list excelling in number that under the administration of Willie Walker, in 1901. This record also excelled any record ever made by any other State Great Council.
Minnewa, No. 151, Whitehouse; Ontario, No. 152, Flat Lick; Black Eagle, No. 154, Gray; Rowena, No. 155, Hopkinsville; Stillwater, No. 156, Russellville; Delaware, No. 157, Blanche; Metacom, No. 158, Corbin; Shenandoah, No. 159, Logmont; Saranac, No. 160, Richardson; Iron Star, No. 161, Trosper; Yazoo, No. 162, Boston; Chicora, No. 163, Shepherdsville; Tuskeno, No. 164, Hellier; Ouray, No. 165, Oakdale; Geronimo, No. 166, London; Silver Arrow, No. 167, Lebanon Junction; Susquehanna, No. 168, Inez; Spotted Elk, No. 169, Island; White Bear, No. 170, Williamsburg; Red Crow, No. 171, Rockhold; Kill Buck, No. 172, Elizabethtown; Choctaw, No. 173, Wilton; Washtella, No. 174, Fonde; Wanalanset, No. 175, Sadieville; Cheyenne, No. 176, Chenoa; Kiowa, No. 177, Osie; Lackawaxen, No. 178, Borderland; Pewakee, No. 179, Luzerne; Uncas, No. 180, Bolts, Fork; Piute, No. 181, Culbertson; Maumee, No. 182, Graham; Cahoosic, No. 183, Leitchfield; Scioto, No. 184, Covington; Kickapoo, No. 185, Big Clifty; Potomac, No. 186, Glasgow; Sequepah, No. 187, Drakesboro; Ohio, No. 188, Hartford; Conanchet, No. 189, Halsey; Tawawa, No. 190, Centertown; Owasso, No. 191, Cleaton; Bogohama, No. 192, Princeton; Mashingomisha, No. 193, Blaine; Oklahoma, No. 194, Chambers; Trade Water, No. 195, Dawson Springs; Wenonah Council, No. 12, Tyrone; Wahneta, Council, No. 13, Blanche; Nenemoosha Council, No. 41, Bell Jellico.
New Charters were also granted Petewa Tribe, No. 41, at Central City and Mohawk, No. 20, at Shelbyville.
The election for Great Chiefs resulted as follows:—
Robert Lee Page, of No. 80 was unanimously elected Great Sachem.
Joe H. Kemper, of No. 18 was elected Great Senior Sagamore without opposition.
W. H. McDonald, of No. 111 was elected Great Junior Sagamore on the second ballot, other candidates being H. J. Northcutt, of No. 184 and Harry J. Phillips, of No. 10.
Dan H. Russell, of No. 10 was unanimously chosen Great Prophet.
Henry W. Ray, of No. 3 was unanimously elected Great Chief of Records for the fifth consecutive term.
Herman V. Cohn, of No. 8 was elected Great Keeper of Wampum without opposition for the second consecutive term.
Dan. H. Russell, of No. 10, W. A. Crader, of No. 8, John H. Boschemeyer, of No. 8 and H. H. Denhardt, of No. 11 were elected Great Representatives for two Great Suns each, and Chas. A. Hess, of No. 10 and H. J. McFarlan, of No. 33 for one Great Sun each, other candidates being Willie Walker, of No. 1; H. C. Rhodes, of No. 60; Louis Vissman, of No. 8.
Frankfort was selected as the place for kindling the next Great Sun Council fire, though the Finance Committee recommended St. Matthews.
Great Sachem Russell appointed members of the new Committee on Degree of Pocahontas, which had been created by an enactment, as follows: L. H. Roberts, of No. 10; Christ Schwitzer, of No. 17; Warren Wilson, of No. 91.
Great Sachem elect Page announced that he should consider the term of the appointees as having expired with his being raised to the Chieftaincy of Great Sachem, and would then appoint a new Committee.
Great Incohonee W. A. S. Bird, being obliged to leave, authorized Past Great Sachem G. A. Ellerkamp to raise the newly elected Great Chiefs.
The question of quorum was then raised, and it being found that not a quorum was present, further business could not be entertained, and Past Great Sachem Ellerkamp proceeded to raise the Chiefs, first appointing Past Great Sachem Willie Walker as Great Tocakon.
| Robert Lee Page, of No. 80 | Great Sachem |
| Joe H. Kemper, of No. 18 | Great Senior Sagamore |
| W. H. McDonald, of No. 111 | Great Junior Sagamore |
| Dan H. Russell, of No. 10 | Great Prophet |
| Henry Wood Ray, of No. 3 | Great Chief of Records |
| Hermann V. Cohn, of No. 8 | Great Keeper of Wampum |
| P. J. Nelligan, of No. 80 | Great Sannap |
| Lee W. Zweydorf, of No. 7 | Great Mishinewa |
| L. H. Roberts, of No. 10 | Great Guard of Wigwam |
| Val. J. Baader, of No. 17 | Great Guard of Forest |
The Great Sachem announced the following appointments of Standing Committees:—
Board of Appeals for three Great Suns—D. A. Cross, of No. 60.
Finance—T. J. Tierney, of No. 80; Henry Schwieters, of No. 8; S. C. Moore, of No. 7.
Judiciary—Sebastian Stone, of No. 56; Joe C. Lykins, of No. 113; R. A. Chiles, of No. 18.
State of the Order—John M. Clifford, of No. 10; Wm. Stoeckel, of No. 93; Geo. S. Weimer, of No. 6.
Degree of Pocahontas—Warren Wilson, of No. 91; H. J. Northcutt, of No. 184; W. E. Coleman, of No. 78.
Returns and Reports—Claude B. Terrell, of No. 90; G. Michael, of No. 22; Chas. Stout, of No. 19.
State Exemplifier—Frank L. Smith, of No. 1.
After suitable resolutions of appreciation of the courtesies shown by Miantonomo Tribe, No. 1, and when the Great Prophet had said a prayer, the council fire was quenched.
1908.
FOURTEENTH GREAT SUN COUNCIL.
At the tenth run, rising of the 12th sun of Flower Moon, G. S. D. 417, there gathered in the Legislative Chamber of the State Capitol, the Past Sachems of the Kentucky Tribes, visiting and local Red Men, when, under the auspices of Blackfoot Tribe, No. 67, of Frankfort, addresses of welcome to the Great Council of Kentucky were delivered by Hon. Jas. T. Buford, in behalf of Mayor Hume, Past Sachem T. Hiter Crockett, of No. 67, and Lieut. Governor Cox, responded to by Great Prophet D. H. Russell, and Great Junior Sagamore W. H. McDonald, of Barbourville.
At the close of the introductory ceremonies, and when the visitors had departed, the Great Sun Council fire was kindled in ample form, all Great Chiefs being present and all Great Representatives, eight past Great Sachems and two hundred and five Past Sachems.
Great Sachem Robert Lee Page appointed Past Great Sachem L. L. Bebout and Past Sachem Henry Yunker to assist Great Junior Sagamore W. H. McDonald in the inspection of credentials.
It being evident that the Legislative Hall was to small to accommodate the Great Council, it already being crowded with the old members, and the new not having been introduced, it was decided to adjourn to the Skating Rink, where the future sessions were held.
The record of the previous Great Council was approved as printed, when the Great Sachem presented his Long Talk, the Credential Committee not being ready to report. The document being in print was distributed and much interest was manifested in its perusal. The following extracts will be of especial interest:—
"My work is done—my labors over. It has been a Great Sun of labor, but a labor of love, and one that has the best efforts of my mind and heart.
I have sought to render efficient and faithful service, and, while the year has not been free from perplexities and responsibilities, I trust that I can return unsullied the regalia you bade me wear. It is an honor to wear the insignia of our Brotherhood—of the Fraternity which has done and is doing so much for man and country, but with power and influence come responsibilities, and this Great Order needs the care, support and helping hand of all who constitute its household.
To your efforts am I able to report the largest gain in membership and the largest number of new Tribes organized than ever before in the history of this Reservation. In fact, it has been said that Kentucky has made the best record of any Reservation in the United States. The Order has prospered beyond precedent or prophecy.
Pure religion and undefiled before the Great Spirit is this—To visit the fatherless and widows in their affliction, and to keep himself unspotted from the world."
"Inspired by this Spirit, animated by this faith, exemplifying these noble precepts by acts of helpfulness, Redmanship has, for many Great Suns, been a living power within this land, and at the close of this Great Sun has the confidence of, and dwells in honor among a free, enlightened people.
We honor a wonderful past, and rejoice in a prosperous present, yet we know that the work of the Order has not ended, and that so long as time shall last, and the enemies of society endure, it will be necessary for this and similar Orders to exist. The need of good men, honest men, men who believe in manhood and in brotherhood, who know responsibilities and can assume them, was never greater than today. This Order has given us men who have lifted human burdens and have lived to help, aid and assist their fellow man.
We have a strong, vigorous and constantly expanding organization. The past with its lessons, its struggles, its successes, is ours. We live in sunlight now; fortune has favored us; the skies are bright with promise; surely at the close of this Great Sun, we can sincerely and honestly repeat:
Oh Great Spirit from out whose hands, The Great Suns fall like grains of sand, We meet today, united, free, And loyal to our land and Thee, To thank Thee for the era done And trust Thee for the opening one."
Concerning the Long House, the Great Sachem said: "As yet, the manner of raising wampum for this purpose has not been decided upon. The location of the Long House in this Reservation means far more for the Kentucky Redman than we realize. It means that each Great Sun Louisville will be the Mecca for a large number of the most influential members of our Order. In addition to this, it will be of great financial benefit to the Red Men and paleface merchants of Kentucky's metropolis, and, while more directly beneficial to them, is indirectly beneficial to you. This, however, should not be considered in comparison to the good that will result to the Order here."
Among the recommendations of the Great Sachem were the following:—
That a tax be levied for the purpose of raising a fund for the erection of a Long House in Louisville by the Great Council of the United States.
That some action should be taken whereby each member of the Order can be supplied with a copy of the laws.
That the time of holding the Great Sun Council should be changed from Flower Moon to Cold Moon.
That the law requiring the Chiefs of Tribes to be bonded through the chieftaincy of the Great Chief of Records be abolished.
That the salary of the incoming Great Chief of Records be increased from five hundred fathoms to nine hundred fathoms.
That a code of laws governing the Trustees of the Widows', Orphans' and Aged Red Men's Relief Fund be adopted.
After reciting a long list of opinions and decisions rendered, the Great Sachem enumerates the sixty-five Tribes and three Councils of the Degree of Pocahontas instituted during his administration, with dates, and names of Organizers and Instituting Chiefs.
After recounting the dispensations granted by himself and his Deputies, Great Sachem Page closed his admirable Long Talk as follows:
"In discharging my duties I have been made a better Red Man and a better man. I love my fellow-man more to-day than I did one Great Sun ago. I shall never cease to lend my humble aid and assistance to the cause of this great fraternity.
In conclusion I trust that in passing judgment upon my efforts and work you may be able to say: 'He hath done what he could, and in the best manner he knew how.'"
The following statistics are from the Long Talk of Great Chief of Records Henry W. Ray:—
Membership last report, 8,933; adopted, 4,486; admitted by card, 122; reinstated, 227; suspended, 1,647; expelled, 21; withdrawn by card, 109; deceased, 91; present membership, 11,950; number of Tribes last report, 128; tribes instituted, 58; extinct since last report, 6; whole number of Tribes Jan. 1, 1908, 180; gain in tribes, 52; disbursed by Tribes for relief, $16,904.12; for burial of dead, $4,103.30; amount invested by Tribes, $70,500.79; amount in wampum belts of Tribes, $33,075.79; total worth of Tribes, $103,576.78; expenses of Great Council for great Sun, $9,611.46; balance in Great Council wampum belt, $2,208.01.
The Great Representatives to the Great Council of the United States presented a report of the transactions of the Great Council of particular interest to the Great Council of Kentucky, and particularly as to the legislation in regard to the proposed Long House. The following was reported as having been adopted by the Great Council of the United States:
"Be it resolved by this Great Council of the United States: That a committee of three of its members be appointed to devise ways and means for the erection of the Long House, to be erected at Louisville, Kentucky, and to report at the next session of this Great Council. Be it further resolved, that said Committee shall consist of the present Great Incohonee as Chairman and two Past Great Incohonees to be selected by the Great Incohonee and to serve at no expense to this Great Council."
The Credential Committee then reported having approved of the credentials of 175 Past Sachems who were in waiting in the Forest, the same were admitted and instructed in the Great Council Degree. The same Committee also approved of the Credentials of the representatives of 143 Tribes. The total attendance was 343 Past Sachems.
A speaking leaf was then read from Great Incohonee W. A. S. Bird, announcing the appointment of Past Great Sachem D. H. Russell as his special representative, and the credentials were acknowledged. Acting Great Incohonee Russell was then received with the usual honors.
Great Sachem Page announced the following appointments to fill vacancies on Standing Committees:—
Degree of Pocahontas—Henry Lyons, of No. 166, Vice W. E. Coleman, of No. 78.
State of the Order—W. E. Buck, of No. 60, vice Wm. Stoeckel, of No. 93.
Past Sachem Albert Miller, of No. 1 presented the Great Council with two emblematic Tomahawks his own handiwork.
Great Sachem Page appointed the following as a Committee on Charters:—N. G. Mothershead, of No. 57; Joe Woodruff, of No. 195; J. W. DeHart, of No. 8.
The Finance Committee reported the following recommendations which were concurred in:
That the books and accounts of the Great Chief of Records, the Great Keeper of Wampum and the Trustees of the Widows', Orphans' and Aged Red Men's Relief Fund, having been audited and found correct, be approved.
That the sum of two thousand fathoms be appropriated from the funds of this Great Council for the use of the Great Sachem in the performance of his duties.
That the Kentucky Red Man and American Red Man be declared to be the official journals of this Great Council, and that the sum of one hundred and fifty fathoms be appropriated to each.
That no appropriation be made for salary of Assistant Great Chief of Records for the ensuing great sun.
That Mileage be paid to the Great Chiefs, Representatives and Members of the Standing Committees, amounting $1,457.01, an average of $8.18 to each of 178 individuals.
The Judiciary Committee reported having approved of the by-laws of 53 Tribes and Councils.
The following amendment to the laws was unanimously adopted it being mandatory, in conformity to a requirement of the Great Council of the United States:—No paleface following the occupation of saloon keeper, bar tender, liquor dealer or professional gambler shall be eligible to membership in a Tribe of the Improved Order of Red Men.
Great Senior Sagamore J. H. Kemper, who until this time had been absent, entered the Council Chamber and was given a fraternal reception.
The Great Chief of Records was authorized to have printed in convenient form the Constitution governing Tribes.
The Great Chief of Records was authorized and instructed to attend the sessions of the Great Chief of Records Association, at the expense of the Great Council.
A model code of by-laws was authorized, under which new Tribes are required to work at least six moons after instituted.
The law requiring the Great Chief of Records to notify all Tribes of all suspensions was repealed.
The law requiring the financial chiefs of Tribes to be bonded in a specified bonding company was repealed, leaving it to each Tribe to make its own selection of a Company.
The salary of the Great Chief of Records was increased from 500 to 900 fathoms per great sun.
An amendment was presented to provide for additional revenue for the purpose of erecting a Widows' and Orphans' Home, but action on same was deferred for one great sun.
An attempt to provide for the appointment of official organizers was defeated.
The Board of Trustees of the Widows', Orphans' and Aged Red Men's Relief Fund reported a code of laws to govern that Body, and the disbursement of relief, which was unanimously adopted.
The report of the Secretary of that Board, Bro. Sam Marcus, shows, total amount in the Home Fund $1,122.51; total amount disbursed for relief, $73.00; total balance in relief fund, $312.07.
A bill was presented reducing the amount to be paid organizers to $2.00 for each paleface, but was defeated.
Lexington was selected as the place for the kindling of the next great sun council fire, Bowling Green and Elizabethtown being also in nomination.
Past Great Sachem L. L. Bebout in a characteristic speech presented Great Sachem Robert Lee Page with a beautiful and costly silver service, the joint gift of many Tribes and individuals. Great Sachem Page responded, expressing his heartfelt appreciation of the handsome tribute.
Great Junior Sagamore W. H. McDonald presented a Great Representative's sash to Acting Great Incohonee D. H. Russell, which that Great Chief accepted in appropriate terms.
Great Prophet Russell, in behalf of Past Sachem N. Bierman, of Cherokee Tribe, No. 8, offered as a reward for faithful work for the Order an emblematic Ring to the member of the Order who shall bring into his Tribe the greatest number of new members in each Great Sun, counting from each Great Council.
The contract for the printing for the ensuing great sun was let to The Louisville Anzeiger Company, the Record being the base, at $1.00 per page.
The run having arrived for the election of Great Chiefs, the Great Sachem announced that when tellers were required to receive and count ballots, each candidate in nomination for Chieftaincy should have the privilege of appointing one of the tellers in his race.
Past Great Sachem H. H. Denhardt presiding, the election took place, resulting as follows:
Robert Lee Page was unanimously elected Great Prophet.
Joe H. Kemper, of No. 18 was elected Great Sachem by acclamation.
W. H. McDonald, of No. 111 was elected Great Senior Sagamore, there being no other candidates in nomination.
Homer J. Northcutt, of No. 184 was elected Great Junior Sagamore, Wm. A. Grader, of No. 8, being also in nomination, and lost by small margin.
Frank L. Smith, of No. 1 was elected Great Chief of Records, other candidates in nomination being T. J. Tierney, of No. 80; J. M. Holstner, of No. 10 and C. F. Melton, of No. 81. Henry W. Ray, the retiring Great Chief of Records, having served for five consecutive great suns, was awarded the honors of a Past Great Sachem and declined to be a candidate for re-election.
Herman V. Cohn, of No. 8, was elected Great Keeper of Wampum for the third term, M. M. Redding, of No. 64 being also in nomination.
Four Great Representatives to the Great Council of the United States were elected, each to serve for two great suns as follows:—Past Great Sachem Robert Lee Page, of No. 80; L. L. Bebout, of No. 60; G. A. Ellerkamp, of No. 8 and Henry Wood Ray, of No. 3. Other candidates in nomination were Past Great Sachem H. J. McFarlan, of No. 33; Past Sachem Lawrence S. Leopold, of No. 8; Past Great Sachem John D. Walker, of No. 1; Past Sachem Chas. A. Hess, of No. 10.
A bill was presented and passed increasing the per capita tax to be levied upon Tribes to five feet each six moons, the additional ten inches to be set aside as a special fund to aid the Great Council of the United States in the erection of a Long House, or permanent headquarters in the hunting grounds of Louisville.
Great Sachem Page announced the appointment of Henry C. Yunker as a member of the Board of Trustees of the Widows', Orphans' and Aged Red Men's Relief Fund for three great suns.
Upon the recommendation of the Committee, charters were granted to the following named New Tribes and Councils:—Ogallala, No. 196, Polsgrove Landing; Nipsit, No. 197, Pilgrim; Suwanee, No. 198, Trinity; Shawmut, No. 199, Jattie; Merrimac, No. 200, Hammond; Adirondack, No. 201, Clifford; Walla Walla, No. 202, Calhoun; Creek, No. 203, Dayton; Arapahoe, No. 204, Providence; Brule, No. 205, Clay; Naugatuck, No. 206, West Naugatuck; Monon, No. 207, Stamping Ground; Saginaw, No. 208, Denton; Pewawbeek, No. 209, Hopper; Sangamon, No. 210, Manchester; Emahaka, No. 211, Morganfield; Weshaway, No. 212, Wofford; Agawam, No. 213, Catlettsburg; Manhattan, No. 214, Jellico; Wahnahton, No. 215, McCarr; Kearsarge, No. 216, Aberdeen; Tuscahoma, No. 217, Charley; Chicotah, No. 218, Dekoven; Incas, No. 219, Fletcher; Petaluma, No. 220, Lily; Samoset, No. 221, Majestic; Canonicus, No. 222, Gallup; Kennebec, No. 223, Meek; Watstika, No. 224, Marion; Santana, No. 225, Pikeville; Itaska, No. 226, Rumsey; Monadnock, No. 227, Slick Rock Creek; Ozark, No. 228, Elkhorn City; Tuskaloosa, No. 229, Benton; Ioka, No. 230, South Carrollton; Ninegret, No. 231, Elk Lick; Anawan, No. 232, Big Creek; Napanee, No. 233, Muddy Branch; Pocasset, No. 234, Uniontown; Waco, No. 235, Oneida; Kokomo, No. 236, Danleyton; Tonkawa, No. 237, Sebree; Tecumseh, No. 238, Tannery; Pokonoket, No. 239, Bush; Erie, No. 240, Fork Ridge; Kiowon, No. 241, Slaughtersville; Ramona, No. 242, Sawyer; Chicopee, No. 243, Bonanza; Washoan, No. 244, Onton; Horicon, No. 245, Morgantown; Alleghan, No. 246, Burnwell; Nokonan, No. 247, Ashbyburg; Beaver, No. 248, Allen; Kewanee, No. 249, Greenville; Genesee, No. 250, Hunnewell; Chessapeake, No. 251, Dixon; Tonikan, No. 252, Madisonville; Kenaway, No. 253, Harlan; Casco, No. 254, Beaver Dam; Canadawa, No. 255, Barnetts Creek; Atabaska, No. 256, Cromwell; Waukesha, No. 257, Teague; Cayuga, No. 258, Maplesville; Dekorra, No. 259, Ingram; Catawissa, No. 260, St. Charles. Councils of the Degree of Pocahontas:—Aletah, No. 15, Middlesboro; Minnewawa, No. 16, Jennings; Leola, No. 17, Georgetown.
A bill was presented, to lay over one great sun, providing for a reduction in the fee for admission by withdrawal card.
Acting Great Incohonee D. H. Russell, assisted by Past Great Sachem G. A. Ellerkamp, as Great Tocakon, raised the Great Chiefs as follows:—
| Joe H. Kemper, of No. 18 | Great Sachem |
| W. H. McDonald, of No. 111 | Great Senior Sagamore |
| Homer J. Northcutt, of No. 184 | Great Junior Sagamore |
| Robert Lee Page, of No. 80 | Great Prophet |
| Frank L. Smith, of No. 1 | Great Chief of Records |
| Hermann V. Cohn, of No. 8 | Great Keeper of Wampum |
| Ben C. Nunn, of No. 14 | Great Sannap |
| A. Englehard, Jr., of No. 8 | Great Mishinewa |
| W. E. Buck, of No. 60 | Great Guard of Wigwam |
| L. H. Roberts, of No. 10 | Great Guard of Forest |
Great Sachem Kemper announced the appointment of Past Sachem Geo. W. Hinesley, of No. 8 as a member of the Board of Appeals for three great suns.
Following were the appointments on Standing Committees:
Finance—Henry Schwieters, of No. 8; R. F. Arnett, of No. 1; Roy C. Scott, of No. 18.
Judiciary—Robert T. Crowe, of No. 33; Claude B. Terrell, of No. 90; Chas. A. Davis, of No. 111.
State of the Order—W. B. Dillon, of No. 166; R. S. Hunter, of No. 11; John J. Sandmann, of No. 70.
Degree of Pocahontas—J. M. Clifford, of No. 10; W. Fred Thomas, of No. 3; T. J. Tierney, of No. 80.
Returns and Reports—Sebastian Stone, of No. 56; V. M. Hainline, of No. 18; T. H. Sanders, of No. 89.
The thanks of the Great Council were extended to Robert Lee Page, for his dignified, fair and impartial rulings, and to Blackfoot Tribe for its hospitality.
Past Great Sachem's Jewels were presented to Henry Wood Ray and Robert Lee Page, and when the Great Prophet had said a prayer, the council fire was quenched.
CHAPTER VIII.
BRIEF REVIEW OF THE INSTITUTION OF EACH TRIBE IN KENTUCKY, WITH THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ITS NAME WHERE POSSIBLE.
Miantonomo, No. 1. (Last Sachem of the Narragansetts, a nephew of Canonicus) Lexington. Instituted 5th Hunting Moon, 403, with 121 Charter members. Organized by J. B. Mendenhall and instituted by the Great Chiefs of the Great Council of the United States. Absorbed Winona Tribe, No. 4 by consolidation 3d Buck Moon, 417.
Onequa, No. 2. (Rocky Ford) Winchester. Instituted 29th Cold Moon, 404, with 41 Charter members. Organized and instituted by J. B. Mendenhall, the degree work being done by Miantonomo, No. 1, twenty-one of whose members became charter members of No. 2 by Card, and many of these had been members of old Shawnee Tribe, No. 18, the history of which see.
Wyandotte, No. 3. (Name of a Tribe of the Iroquois Nation. Huron is another name of the same Tribe, both being derived from the same Indian word "A-hon-an-dote." Wyandotte is the French version and Huron the English) Maysville. Instituted 3d Hot Moon, 404, with 35 Charter members. Organized by J. R. McConnell and instituted by J. B. Mendenhall, members of Miantonomo Tribe assisting in the degree work.
Winona, No. 4. (Same as "Wenonah", meaning "first born") Lexington. Instituted 24th Hot Moon, 404, by J. B. Mendenhall, with 25 Charter members. The tribe was quite prosperous for several great suns, but gradually declined and was absorbed by Miantonomo Tribe, No. 1 in 412.
Hiokatoo, No. 5. (Hi-o-ka-too) Louisville. Instituted 13th sun Buck Moon, 408, by J. B. VanZandt, with 77 charter members. Although suffering from mistreatment by the organizer, the tribe has been prosperous.
Tecumseh, No. 5. (A famous Shawnee Chief, signifying "he who walks over water") Harrodsburg. Instituted 27th Hot Moon, 404 by J. B. Mendenhall, with 25 Charter members. Surrendered its charter on the 24th Hunting Moon, 405.
Paughcaughnaughsinque, No. 6. Augusta. Instituted 1st Beaver Moon, 404, with 41 charter members, by J. B. Mendenhall. Has been prosperous from the beginning, and is now one of the strong tribes in the Reservation.
Hiawatha, No. 7. (A name made famous by Longfellow, the signification of which is "wise man") Louisville. Instituted 9th Hunting Moon, G. S. D. 404, with 63 charter members, by J. B. Mendenhall. The Tribe has had many vicissitudes, but has weathered them all, and is one of the strongholds of Redmanship in Kentucky. Absorbed by consolidation Pequod Tribe, No. 63 and Red Jacket, No. 44.
Cherokee, No. 8. (Tribe of the Iroquois stock, living South of the Ohio River) Louisville. Instituted 22nd Hunting Moon, 404 by J. B. Mendenhall. This Tribe has since absorbed by consolidation the following named tribes:—Tippecanoe, No. 29, Tecumseh, No. 9, Pawnee, No. 42. Tribe has from the start been one of the most vigorous in the Reservation, and is the largest, having at present 433 members.
Shawnee, No. 9. ("Southerner") Louisville. Instituted 10th Worm Moon, 405, by J. B. Mendenhall, and its charter was the first to be issued by the present Great Council of Kentucky. Consolidated with Tecumseh Tribe, No. 12 on the 22nd of Flower Moon, 410.
Tecumseh, No. 9. ("He who walks over the water") Founded by the consolidation of Shawnee Tribe, No. 9 and Tecumseh Tribe No. 12 on the 22nd sleep of Flower Moon, 410, and soon after consolidated with Cherokee Tribe, No. 8.
Wahoo, No. 10. ("Egg",) Louisville. Instituted 9th Sturgeon Moon, 408 with 89 charter members by J. B. VanZandt. Absorbed Wahbee, No. 15, by consolidation.
Mohican, No. 11. (Name of Tribe of New England Indians, signifying "Wolf") Bowling Green. Instituted 24th Plant Moon, 405 by Great Sachem J. R. McConnell. Although the tribe has met with several mishaps, it has never "faltered or proved false."
Iroquois, No. 12. (The name applied to the "Six Nations") Hopkinsville. Instituted 29th Flower Moon, 405 by Past Great Sachem J. B. Mendenhall. The tribe lived but a short time and was defunct in 406. Council brand was relighted by Past Great Sachem W. E. Fite on the 1st of Sturgeon Moon, 407, which burned but feebly and was defunct soon after.
Tecumseh, No. 12. ("He who walks over the water") Louisville. Instituted 5th Traveling Moon, 408, with 20 charter members by J. B. VanZandt. Consolidated with Shawnee, No. 9.
Wabee, No. 13. ("White") Louisville. Instituted 11th Corn Moon, 408 with 46 charter members by J. B. VanZandt. Consolidated after a few seven suns with Choctaw, No. 15.
Totewa, No. 14. ("To sink, dive, or go under water, to rise again as logs when carried over a water fall") Owensboro. Instituted 4th Buck Moon, 405 by Great Sachem J. R. McConnell, the work being done by Waukee Tribe, No. 150, of Evansville, Ind.
Otego, No. 15. Paducah. Instituted 21st Sturgeon Moon, 405. Organized by J. B. VanZandt and instituted by Great Sachem J. R. McConnell. Tribe was reported defunct in 406, and its Council brand was relighted by Past Great Sachem W. E. Fite on the 20th of Buck Moon, 407, but the tribe was reported defunct in 408.
Choctaw, No. 15. ("Charming voice." A numerous tribe of Indians) Louisville. Instituted 28th Corn Moon, 408 with 31 charter members, by J. B. VanZandt, but soon after consolidated with Wabee Tribe, No. 13.
Wabee, No. 15. ("White") Louisville. Instituted by the consolidation of Wabee Tribe, No. 13 and Choctaw Tribe, No. 15. This new Tribe soon after consolidated with Wahoo Tribe, No. 10.
Seminole, No. 16. ("Separatists" or "Run away people") Henderson. Instituted 25th Sturgeon Moon, 405 by Great Sachem J. R. McConnell, the work being done by the degree team of Waukee Tribe, No. 150 of Evansville, Ind. The tribe was reported defunct in 406. Council brand was relighted on the 4th of Sturgeon Moon, 407 by Past Great Sachem W. E. Fite, which burned fitfully for a few seven suns and then went out forever.
Montezuma, No. 16. Louisville. Instituted 4th Traveling Moon, G. S. D. 408, with 40 charter members by J. B. VanZandt. Consolidated with Sioux Tribe, No. 70 in Sturgeon Moon, 412.
Miami, No. 17. (Same as Maumee. "People who live in the Peninsular.") Newport. Instituted 25th Buck Moon, 385 (1876) by the Old Great Council of Kentucky, and was an offshoot from Minnehaha No. 10 and Pocahontas, No. 3. Was transferred to the jurisdiction of the Great Council of Ohio on the surrender of the Charter of the Old Great Council of Kentucky in 393 (1884) and at the institution of the present Great Council of Kentucky was transferred back to its jurisdiction, having at that time fifteen members. This is the oldest tribe in Kentucky, and numbers among its members several aged brothers who have been in continuous good standing in the Order for more than a half century.
Calumet, No. 18. (Not properly an Indian word, but used to signify the "Pipe of Peace") Mt. Sterling. Instituted 14th sun Hunting Moon, 405 with 35 charter members by Great Sachem J. R. McConnell. The tribe has prospered from the start, and though once suffering the loss of everything but its wampum belt by fire, and though now not having a large membership, is healthy and vigorous.
Osceola, No. 19. (Name of a Chief of the Seminoles, signifying "Plentiful drinker of the black drink.") Ashland. Instituted 14th Hunting Moon, 399, with 15 charter members by Harry C. McKay, Great Sachem of the Great Council of Ohio, and was under the jurisdiction of that Great Council until transferred to the Great Council of Kentucky at its institution.
Choctaw, No. 20. ("Charming Voice") Corbin. Instituted 22nd Plant Moon, 406 by Great Sachem J. R. McConnell. Tribe lived but a short time and was reported defunct in 407. Visited by Past Sachem M. M. Redding in 413 in endeavor to relight its council brand but without success.
Mohawk, No. 20. ("Men eaters") Shelbyville. Instituted 8th Beaver Moon, 408 with 28 charter members by J. B. VanZandt. Reported defunct in 410 and visited by Past Sachem W. A. Crader in attempt to relight its council brand in Worm Moon, 411, but without success, that chief taking possession of the visible effects of the defunct Tribe. The Council Fire was rekindled by W. H. Gage on the 18th of Buck Moon, 415, and burned dimly for a season when it went out altogether. Was once more revived by Past Sachem M. M. Redding, but the tribe finally surrendered its charter in 417.
Indianola, No. 21. Minerva. Instituted 9th Buck Moon, 406 with 24 charter members by Great Sachem W. E. Fite assisted by the degree team of No. 6. The council fire burned brightly for several great suns and gave promise of becoming a strong and prosperous tribe, but reverses came, interest was lost and its charter was surrendered to Great Chief of Records Henry W. Ray in 416.
Chippewa, No. 22. (The proper spelling of this word is "Ojibway" a numerous tribe of the Algonquin family and signifies "he surmounts obstacles") Louisville. Instituted 16th Beaver Moon, 408 with 28 charter members by J. B. VanZandt. While this tribe has never had a large membership it has always been successful.
Delaware, No. 23. (The Iroquois called this people "Sag-a-na-ga.") Lebanon. Instituted 28th Beaver Moon, 408 with 28 charter members by J. B. VanZandt. This tribe started out bravely and for a time did well. Giving a big pow-wow at which some wampum was made, led to its downfall, there being dissention concerning its disposal. Visited by Bro. Crader in 411 and found to be defunct at that time, that chief taking possession of its charter.
Black Hawk, No. 24. ("Muk-kud-da-ke-neu") Springfield. Instituted 8th Hunting Moon, 408 with 28 charter members by J. B. VanZandt. The council fire burned dimly for some time and soon went out altogether. Past Sachem Crader visited the tribe on the 28th of Snow Moon, 411 and succeeded in relighting its council brand, but when visited by Bro. Redding in 413 was found defunct and its affairs were wound up.
Matamora, No. 25. St. Matthews. Instituted 12th Hunting Moon, 408 by J. B. VanZandt with 20 charter members. This is one of the tribes instituted by VanZandt that has been prosperous. It owns its own wigwam, one of the most unique in the reservation, and its chiefs are active and vigorous.
Wyoming, No. 26. ("Large" or "extensive") Danville. Instituted 21st Hunting Moon, 408 with 48 charter members, by J. B. VanZandt. For several great suns the tribe flourished and entertained the Great Council in 410, but soon after began to wane. In 413 its council fire was relighted by Past Sachem M. M. Redding, but it did not thrive, and in 415 it surrendered its charter.
Seneca, No. 27. ("Great hill people") Stanford. Instituted 3rd Cold Moon, 409, with 63 charter members by J. B. VanZandt. The tribe prospered for a time, but in 411 was reported defunct. Past Sachem F. L. Smith visited Stanford on the 14th of Snow Moon, 412 and endeavored to relight the council brand but without success, and the charter and effects of the Tribe were surrendered to him on that sun. The Council brand was relighted by Past Sachem M. M. Redding in 413, but shortly after surrendered again.
Dakota, No. 28. ("Leagued, or United People") Junction City. Instituted 23d Cold Moon, 409, with 26 charter members, by J. B. VanZandt. There have been ups and downs in this Tribe, and its council fire has burned dimly at times, but it now burns brightly.
Tippecanoe, No. 29. ("At the great clearing") Louisville. Instituted in Cold Moon, 409, with 54 charter members by Great Sachem W. C. Diederich. Consolidated with Cherokee Tribe, No. 8.
Onondaga, No. 30. ("On the hills") Lancaster. Instituted 30th Cold Moon, 409 with 23 charter members, by J. B. VanZandt. Tribe was defunct in 411 and surrendered its charter to M. M. Redding in 413.
Manitou, No. 31. ("Spirit") Eminence. Instituted 16th Snow Moon, 409, with 32 charter members by J. B. VanZandt. The tribe lived but a short time and surrendered its charter to Past Sachem Morris, of LaGrange.
Iroquois, No. 32. (The name applied to the "Six Nations") Pittsburg. Instituted 19th Snow Moon, 409, with 23 charter members by J. B. VanZandt. The tribe has been prosperous from the start and is numbered among the strong tribes in the reservation.
Massasoit, No. 33. (Name of a noted chief of the Wampanoags.) LaGrange. Instituted 26th Snow Moon, 409 with 18 charter members by J. B. VanZandt. While a large majority of the Tribes instituted by VanZandt have gone to the bad, in this instance he "builded better than he knew" and old Massasoit stands among the leaders.
Ononga, No. 34. Covington. Instituted on the 26th Worm Moon, G. S. D. 409 by W. C. Peay. Lived but a short time. There is no record of its charter ever having been taken up.
Montauk, No. 35. ("The island country") East Bernstadt. Instituted 3d Plant Moon, 409 by J. B. VanZandt, with 26 charter members. Consolidated with Iroquois Tribe, No. 32 on the 20th of Hot Moon, 409.
Cataraugus, No. 36. ("Bad smelling shore") Livingston. Instituted 31st Flower Moon, 409 by J. B. VanZandt, with 17 charter members. Tribe was defunct in 411. Council brand was relighted by F. L. Smith on the 13th Cold Moon, 412. Charter surrendered to M. M. Redding in Sturgeon Moon, 413.
Oswego, No. 37. ("Where the valley widens.") Dry Ridge. Instituted 4th Plant Moon, 409 by W. C. Peay. The tribe has been successful and now owns its own wigwam, being the first in the Reservation to have its own wigwam dedicated by the Great Sachem.
Irondequoit, No. 38. ("A bay") Hardinsburg. Instituted in 409 by J. B. VanZandt. The tribe has weathered the blighting influence of its organizer and is thrifty.
Choctaw, No. 39. ("Charming voice") Bardstown. Instituted by J. B. VanZandt. Visited by W. A. Crader in Plant Moon, 411, who found the tribe had been defunct since 6th Hunting Moon, 410.
Red Hawk, No. 40. Somerset. Instituted by J. B. VanZandt in 409. Reported defunct in 410. Council fire revived on the 26th Sturgeon Moon, 413 and on that date consolidated with Shabbona, No. 46.
Petewa, No. 41. Central City. Instituted by F. W. Jones in 410. The Tribe has had its share of reverses, labor troubles in the Hunting Grounds being mainly responsible, but is yet a loyal tribe.
Pawnee, No. 42. Buechel. Instituted in 410 by F. W. Jones. At one time it seemed certain this would be a banner tribe, but it gradually declined and consolidated with Cherokee Tribe, No. 8 in Hunting Moon, 416.
Narragansett, No. 43. ("Other side river") Middlesboro. Instituted 22nd Hot Moon, 409 by J. B. VanZandt. Reported defunct in 411. Visited by F. L. Smith on the 16th Cold Moon, 412, who arrested and took possession of dispensation and supplies.
Red Jacket, No. 44. (Chief of the Senecas, his Indian name being Sa-ga-ye-wat-ha, signifying "he keeps them awake") Louisville. Instituted by F. W. Jones. Consolidated with Hiawatha Tribe.
Osage, No. 45. ("The strong") Lenoxburg. Instituted at Falmouth 28th Hot Moon, 409 by J. R. McConnell and W. C. Peay. Reported defunct in 411. Visited by Great Sachem W. C. Pelham 11th Hunting Moon, 411 who arrested charter and restored the same to petitioners, relighted the counsel brand and granted dispensation to remove the wigwam to Lenoxburg, from which hunting ground the tribe now hails. It owns a fine wigwam, nearly free from debt.
Shabbona, No. 46. (The Indian pronunciation of the French word "Shobonier") Somerset. Instituted in 409 by F. W. Jones. Soon after was defunct. Revived and consolidated with Red Hawk No. 40. Again became defunct. Council fire was relighted by M. M. Redding in Sturgeon Moon, 413, but it never burned brightly and charter was surrendered to M. M. Redding 23rd Sturgeon Moon, 416.
Oconee, No. 47. Instituted in 409 by F. W. Jones. Visited by W. A. Crader in Plant Moon, 411 in endeavor to revive the council brand but without success and he reported the tribe defunct.
King Phillip, No. 48. (Younger son of Massasoit) Hustonville. Instituted in 409 by O. J. Minor. The council fire burned brightly for a season, but gradually it smouldered and finally went out entirely, and its charter was surrendered to M. M. Redding 20th Buck Moon, 413.
Minnetonka, No. 49. West Point. Instituted 409 by F. W. Jones, but was soon defunct.
Shingawassa, No. 50. Bardfordsville. Instituted 31st Buck Moon, 409 by F. W. Jones with 24 charter members. Council Fire burned brightly for a time and it practically owned its own wigwam, but members moving away left it without quorum and it surrendered its charter in 416.
Comanche, No. 51. New Haven. Instituted 409 by F. W. Jones. Was soon defunct and its council fire was revived by W. A. Crader, but it burned but dimly and soon was extinct.
Tawawa, No. 52. Vine Grove. Instituted 11th Corn Moon, 409 by F. W. Jones. Visited by Crader in 411 and found to be defunct and all property was surrendered to him.
Minnewah, No. 53. (or "Menawa", Signifying "Great warrior") Beaver Dam. Instituted 409 by F. W. Jones. Consolidated with Kentucky Tribe, No. 54, at McHenry.
Kentucky, No. 54. ("At the head of the river" or "the dark and bloody ground") McHenry. Instituted 8th Corn Moon, 409 by F. W. Jones. Owns jointly with a Lodge of Odd Fellows a fine wigwam and is prosperous in every respect.
Tioga, No. 55. ("Swift current") Sturgis. Instituted 16th Traveling Moon, G. S. D. 409 by F. W. Jones. Has had a hard struggle, and its council fire burned so dimly in 416 that it was rekindled by Past Sachem David Moskovitz.
Huron, No. 56. (Name of a tribe of the Iroquois Nation. Wyandotte is another name of the same tribe, both being derived from the same Indian word "A-hon-an-dote". Wyandotte is the French Version and Huron the English.) Instituted 16th Traveling Moon, G. S. D. 409 by F. W. Jones, the Degree team of Miantonomo Tribe assisting. Its council brand is still burning, though but feebly.
Standwaitee, No. 57. Earlington. Instituted 10th Beaver Moon, 409 by F. W. Jones. The tribe has been vigorous from institution.
Blazing Arrow, No. 58. Madisonville. Instituted 10th Beaver Moon, 409 by F. W. Jones. Vigorous efforts were made to make this a strong tribe but without avail and its charter was surrendered on the 8th of Buck Moon, 412.
Sagwa, No. 59. Lawrenceburg. Instituted 15th Beaver Moon, 409, by F. W. Jones, but never prospered and its council fire was out in 410, but relighted in 413 by Past Sachem Julius Morris, but again went out. Was again relighted in 415, and is now in prosperous condition with over 100 members.
Otego, No. 60. Paducah. Instituted by John M. Clifford and F. W. Jones the 7th of Hunting Moon, 409. Several members of the Old Otego, No. 15 became charter members, and it was practically the relighting of the old council brand. The reorganization proved successful and the tribe is one of the strongest in the Reservation.
Wichita, No. 61. ("White Man") Mayfield. Instituted 21st Beaver Moon, 409 by J. M. Clifford, but its council fire soon went out. Was visited by W. A. Crader, who attempted to relight it but without success and he reported the tribe defunct in 411.
Waukee, No. 62. Fulton. Instituted 19th Beaver Moon, 409 by F. W. Jones. Reported defunct in 410. Visited by Crader in attempt to relight its council brand, but he reported it defunct in 411.
Pequod, No. 63. (Name of a Tribe of Indians in Connecticut) Instituted by F. W. Jones in 409. Soon after consolidated with Hiawatha Tribe, No. 7.
Lotowana, No. 64. Midway. Instituted 21st Snow Moon, 410 by Jones and Clifford. Tribe has been successful.
Maumee, No. 65. (People who live in the peninsula) Paris. Instituted 1st Worm Moon, 410 by Jones and Clifford. Absorbed by Miantonomo, No. 1 in 414.
Sagamore, No. 66. (Same as Sachem—"Councellor of the People") Hickman. Instituted by F. W. Jones in 410 with 25 charter members. Visited by W. A. Crader in 411 who found the tribe had been defunct since Buck Moon, 410, but he relighted the council brand on the 23rd of Plant Moon, 411. Tribe soon after became defunct.
Blackfoot, No. 67. (A tribe of Indians, probably of Algonquin stock) Frankfort. Instituted by F. W. Jones on 23rd Plant Moon, 410, with 57 charter members. Tribe has always been successful, and enjoys the distinction of having entertained the Great Council three times.
Otawa, No. 68. ("Traders") Olive Hill. Instituted 12th Hot Moon, 410 by F. W. Jones, with 21 charter members. Started off well, but was soon defunct. Council brand was relighted by M. M. Redding, and is now burning brightly.
Powhatan, No. 69. (Name of a great Virginia Chief, said to signify "at or near the falls of the stream"). Carrollton. Instituted 20th Hot Moon, 410 by F. W. Jones, assisted by Nick Pomice, with 32 charter members. Tribe was vigorous for a time, but lost many members by the institution of another tribe in the vicinity, though its council brand is still burning brightly.
Sioux, No. 70. (An abbreviation of the name given by the French to the Tribes of the Dakota Nation "Nadouessioux" and signifies "enemies"). Louisville. Instituted 21st Hot Moon, 410 by F. W. Jones with 27 charter members.
Little Ha-Ha, No. 71. Owenton. Instituted 12th Buck Moon, 410 by F. W. Jones, with 26 charter members. Consolidated with Big Eagle Tribe, No. 86 in Hunting Moon, 416.
Morning Star, No. 72. Fordsville. Instituted 17th Buck Moon, 417 by F. W. Jones with 20 charter members. Council fire revived by W. A. Crader in 411, but in 412 it was reported defunct.
Warsaw, No. 73. ("Far") Rockport. Instituted 17th Sturgeon Moon, 410 by F. W. Jones, with 25 charter members.
Nokomis, No. 74. Franklin. Instituted 2nd Sturgeon Moon, 410 by F. W. Jones with 20 charter members. Held but few councils. Rekindled by F. L. Smith in Buck Moon, 411, but was shortly afterwards defunct.
Silver Cloud, No. 75. Glasgow. Was never instituted. In Buck Moon, 410, F. W. Jones attempted to institute on a properly filed petition, but on account of a misunderstanding between Bro. Jones and the charter petitioners it was not done. In Buck Moon, 411, F. L. Smith visited Glasgow and returned charter fees to petitioners.
Floating Canoe, No. 76. Richmond. Instituted 2nd Corn Moon, 410 by F. W. Jones with 30 charter members. The tribe has thrived from institution.
Shawnee, No. 77. ("Southerner") Georgetown. Instituted 21st Sturgeon Moon, 410, by F. W. Jones, with 37 charter members. Charter was surrendered to M. M. Redding, in 413. An entirely new tribe under the same name and number was instituted 18th Sturgeon Moon, 414, by M. M. Redding.
Kabo, No. 78. Petra. Instituted 15th Buck Moon, 411 by W. T. Abbott, with 69 charter members. Organized by Chas. E. O'Neal.
Grand Glaze, No. 79. Monterey. Instituted 26th Corn Moon, 410, by John M. Clifford, with 22 charter members. The tribe has had a hard struggle, but its present 30 members are working hard to keep the tribe from retrograding.
Ptocawa, No. 80. Louisville. Instituted 5th Cold Moon, 411, by F. W. Jones, with 30 charter members. Tribe has from the start been vigorous and now numbers 211 Chiefs.
Yosemite, No. 81. ("Grizzly bear"—properly spelled Yo-se-me-ty) Louisville. Instituted 5th of Cold Moon, 411 by F. W. Jones, with 33 charter members. Another of the many thrifty Jefferson County Tribes, now numbering 154 members.
Appalachia, No. 82. ("The people on the other side") Pineville. Instituted 26th Snow Moon, 411 by F. W. Jones, with 52 charter members. The tribe has prospered though it would have been better had there not been so many charter members.
Passyunk, No. 83. Harrodsburg. Instituted 26th Worm Moon, 411 by F. W. Jones with 48 charter members. Though its membership is not now as large as formerly, it still is in healthy condition.
Spotted Wolf, No. 84. Coalton. Instituted 12th Plant Moon, 411 by Past Great Sachem W. C. Diederich. Tribe composed largely of miners, and has been and is a thrifty tribe.
Red Cloud, No. 85. (Head Chief of the Ogallala Sioux). Warsaw. Instituted 30th Flower Moon, 411 by Nick Pomice, with 20 charter members.
Big Eagle, No. 86. Sparta. Instituted at Sanders on 24th Flower Moon, 411 by Nick Pomice. Moved by Dispensation to Sparta on the 27th of Buck Moon, 411. Absorbed by consolidation Little Ha Ha Tribe, No. 71.
Eyota, No. 87. ("Greatest"). Balls Landing. Instituted 17th Buck Moon, 411, by Forsee D. Lee with 25 charter members. Has had many trials but weathered them all.
Swift Foot, No. 88. Campbellsburg. Instituted 22nd Buck Moon, 411 at Turner's Station, by Nick Pomice, with 23 charter members. Moved by dispensation to Campbellsburg, and from there to English, but in neither of these places did it thrive, and soon became defunct.
Tallalu, No. 89. (Probably intended for "Tallula", signifying "leaping waters") Callaway. Instituted 20th Corn Moon, 411 by R. B. Rice, of Appalachia Tribe, No. 82. Has had a struggle and its council fire is not burning brightly, yet numbers among its members some valiant chiefs who will not allow it to become extinct.
War Eagle, No. 90. (The Indian word for War Eagle is "Keneu") Bedford. Instituted 11th Traveling Moon, 411, by Nick Pomice, with 22 charter members.
Idaho, No. 91. ("Sun-rise mountain") Fourmile. Instituted 15th Traveling Moon, 411, by R. B. Rice, with 33 charter members. Organized by J. G. Rollins.
Tallapoosa, No. 92. ("Stranger" or "New comer") Milton. Instituted 18th Traveling Moon, 411, by Nick Pomice, with 20 charter members.
Mingo, No. 93. (Not strictly an Indian word. The name was applied by the English to a Tribe of Iroquois stock.) Newport. Instituted 11th Hunting Moon, 411, by Val. J. Baader, of Miami, No. 17, with 22 charter members. Organized by E. N. Miller.
Sago, No. 94. ("Welcome") Germantown. Instituted 30th Cold Moon, 412, by Ben Harbeson, of Paughcaughnaughsinque, No. 6, with 22 charter members. Organized by Bros. Rigdon and Bell. Now kindles its council fires in a wigwam near Stonewall.
Wissahickon, No. 95. ("Cat fish stream") Lockport. Instituted 1st Plant Moon, 412, by Forsee D. Lee. A struggle was made for a time to keep the council fire burning, but an unfortunate local occurrence caused dissension, and it surrendered its charter.
Niagara, No. 96. ("The neck") Orangeburg. Instituted 6th Sturgeon Moon, 412, by Henry W. Ray, with 48 members. Organized by W. C. Wormald. First Prophet, W. W. Scott.
Kanawha, No. 97. ("River of the woods") Instituted 29th Traveling Moon, 412, by Henry W. Ray, with 30 charter members. Organized by W. C. Wormald. Instituted at Vanceburg, where it never got a foothold, and its charter was transferred to Martin where it prospered wonderfully.
Pontiac, No. 98. (Name of an Ottawa Indian Chief, the signification of which is lost) Louisville. Instituted 18th Beaver Moon, 412, with 20 charter members at Highland Park. Tribe has never been vigorous and for several great suns its council fire has burned fitfully.
Wauneeka, No. 99. (Also spelled "Waneka", signifying "the son") Louisville. Instituted 9th Beaver Moon, 412, by W. A. Nash and J. R. Garr, with 145 charter members. First Prophet, Dr. B. A. Garr.
Buffalo, No. 100. Sardis. Instituted 16th Hunting Moon, 412, by Henry W. Ray, with 45 charter members. Organized by W. C. Wormald. The Tribe prospered for a time, but its council fire began to burn dimly in 416, and it surrendered its charter in 417.
Raritan, No. 101. ("Forked river") Worthville. Instituted 3d Traveling Moon, 412, with 25 charter members, but never got a foothold and soon after surrendered its charter.
Modoc, No. 102. Louisville. Instituted 17th Snow Moon, 413, by H. C. Yunker, with 41 charter members. Organized by B. W. Conner, who was its first Prophet.
Ute, No. 103. Zachariah. Instituted at Torrent 30th Worm Moon, 413, by Frank L. Smith, with 20 charter members. Organized by J. W. Steger. First Prophet Leonard Barnes.
Lackawanna, No. 104. ("The forked stream") Salt Lick. Instituted 11th Hot Moon, 413, by Frank L. Smith, with a small charter list. The Tribe has tried valiantly to overcome the handicap, but its council fire is about extinct.
Catawba, No. 105. Prestonville. Instituted 21st Plant Moon, 413.
Tamina, No. 106. (From "Tammany", the name given the Patron Saint of America) Instituted 2nd Flower Moon, 413, by Julius Morris, with 20 charter members. First Prophet I. M. Jennings.
Juanita, No. 107. (Spanish spelling of "Wauneta", signifying "winter camp". There is no such word as Ju-ni-a-ta, as it is a miss-spelling of the word here given.) Ghent. Instituted 7th Hot Moon, 413, by Nick Pomice with 20 charter members. First Prophet J. H. Raison.
Kenton, No. 108. Bell-Jellico. Instituted at Artemus on the 18th Hot Moon, 413, by B. A. Thompson with 22 charter members. First Prophet W. H. Souder. Absorbed by consolidation Kotanta Tribe, No. 153 in 415.
Wautauga, No. 109. ("The river of islands") Bosworth. Instituted 10th Hot Moon, 413 by Warren Wilson, with 39 charter members. First Prophet E. T. Griffith. Tribe never prospered and soon after surrendered its charter.
Wabash, No. 110. ("White water") Instituted 1st Buck Moon, 413 by Frank L. Smith, with 21 charter members. Organized by M. M. Redding. First Prophet G. S. Woodward. Absorbed by Miantonomo, No. 1, in 415.
Tchoupitoulas, No. 111. Barbourville. Instituted 16th Sturgeon Moon, 413 by Warren Wilson, with 27 charter members. Organized by W. H. McDonald, who was its first Sachem. First Prophet, J. R. Smyth.
Winnebago, No. 112. ("People of the dirty water") Instituted 12th Corn Moon, 413 by H. H. Denhardt, with 31 charter members. Organized by H. W. Johnson. First Prophet J. A. Lyne.
Ocono, No. 113. Campton. Instituted 29th Corn Moon, 413 by Frank L. Smith. Organized by Jos. C. Lykins, who was its first Prophet.
Tonawanda, No. 114. ("Swift water") Instituted 8th Corn Moon, 413, by G. H. Wolfe, with 19 charter members. Organized by James Fitch. First Prophet C. W. S. Clarke.
Minnehaha, No. 115. ("Laughing water") Cropper. Instituted 17th Traveling Moon, 413 by Frank L. Smith, with 14 charter members. Organized by M. M. Redding. First Prophet W. B. Pollard.
Saco, No. 116. ("Pouring out") West Liberty. Instituted 8th Traveling Moon, 413, by Frank L. Smith, with 41 charter members. Organized by M. M. Redding. First Prophet C. W. Womack.
Neponset, No. 117. ("He walks in his sleep") Jackson. Instituted 21st Cold Moon, 414, by Frank L. Smith, with 33 charter members. Organized by C. T. Wilson. James Hargis was the first Sachem and J. S. Head, Jr. the first Prophet. Tribe flourished for a time, but local political dissensions caused it to surrender its charter to M. M. Redding in 416.
Akkeewassa, No. 118. Cannel City. Instituted 28th Cold Moon, 414, by Joseph C. Lykins, with 35 charter members. Organized by M. M. Redding. First Prophet F. M. Lykins.
Ganoga, No. 119 ("Oil flowing on the waters") Gratz. Organized in 414 by Forsee D. Lee. Council Fire never burned brightly and in a few seven suns went out forever.
Navajo, No. 120. (The name of a powerful Tribe of the Apache family) Sandy Hook. Instituted 11th Snow Moon, 414, by F. L. Smith, with 29 charter members. Ransome Caskey, of West Liberty was the organizer. W. M. Weddington, first Prophet. Charter surrendered in 416.
Tacoma, No. 121. ("Tall peak, almost to heaven") Hazel Green. Instituted 18th Snow Moon, 414, by Joseph C. Lykins, who was also the organizer. Wayne Long, first Prophet. Surrendered charter in 416.
Oseetah, No. 222. Redwine. Instituted 1st Worm Moon, 414, by F. L. Smith, with 21 charter members. Organized by Ransome Caskey. W. S. Thornberry, first Prophet.
Penobscott, No. 123. ("The Rocky or Stony place") Instituted 6th Worm Moon, 414 by Joseph C. Lykins. M. M. Redding was the organizer. The council brand was extinct in Worm Moon, 417, but was at that time relighted by H. L. Wheeler.
Tuscarora, No. 124. ("Shirt wearing people") Tyrone. Instituted 4th Sturgeon Moon, 414, by F. L. Smith, with 22 charter members. M. M. Redding was the organizer. S. E. Booth, First Prophet.
Kinniconick, No. 125. ("Tobacco") Bowen. Instituted 6th Plant Moon, 414, by O. R. King, of No. 1, with 39 charter members. Leonard Barnes, of No. 103 was the organizer. Morton Faulkner, first Prophet. The Tribe has met with many reverses, and surrendered its charter in Hunting Moon, 417.
Seminole, No. 126. Denniston. Instituted 29th Plant Moon, 414.
Apache, No. 127. (Name of an Indian Tribe, and signified "men") Robbins. Instituted 13th Plant Moon, 414, by J. C. Lykins, with 17 charter members. Organized by J. A. Oldfield. G. E. Neal, First Prophet. Consolidated with Ekana No. 276 in Beaver Moon, 417.
Antigo, No. 128. Claysville. Instituted 1st Buck Moon, 414, by J. T. Reed, of No. 78. Organized by W. E. Coleman of same Tribe, with 36 charter members. First Prophet, T. A. Clark.
Chanzeck, No. 129. Lee City. Instituted 2nd Sturgeon Moon, 414, by J. C. Lykins. Organized by C. D. Arnett, of No. 121, with 17 charter members. Council fire never burned brightly and was extinct in Worm Moon, 415.
Lechawa, No. 130. Mize. No record is obtainable of the institution of this Tribe. It became defunct almost immediately after its institution.
Mendota, No. 131. ("The mouth of the River") Corinth. Instituted 27th Hot Moon, 414, by F. L. Smith. Organized by M. M. Redding, with 41 charter members. First Prophet, J. D. Davis.
Oneida, No. 132. ("Granite people", or "People of the beacon stone") Cherokee. Instituted 26th Buck Moon, 414, by Henry W. Ray. Organized by W. A. Conn, with 32 charter members. First Prophet, J. O. McNeil.
Paduke, No. 133. Murray. Instituted 24th Buck Moon, 414, by Great Sachem L. L. Bebout. Organized by J. J. Freundlich, of No. 60, with 53 charter members. First Prophet, David L. Redden. The Tribe never prospered and was defunct in 416.
Logan, No. 134. (or "Tah-gah-jute", the name of a Cayuga Chief) Ewing. Instituted 2nd Sturgeon Moon, 414, by Henry W. Ray. Organized by Louis Feneburg. First Prophet, J. D. Wyatt.
Wahbee, No. 135. ("White") Yocum. Instituted 29th Sturgeon Moon, 414, by Henry W. Ray. Organized by John D. Cruey, with 28 charter members. First Prophet, J. D. Rose.
Wamsutta, No. 136. Dan. Instituted 17th Sturgeon Moon, 414.
Tuscola, No. 137. ("A level Plane") Warfield. Instituted 18th Sturgeon Moon, 414, by H. W. Ray. Organized by W. A. Conn, with 32 charter members. First Prophet, W. M. Dawson.
Connewago, No. 138. ("A long strip" or "a long reach") Fallsburg. Instituted 31st Sturgeon Moon, 414, by H. W. Ray. Organized by Frank Witten, with 50 charter members. First Prophet C. W. Jones.
Uppowoc, No. 139. Maytown. Instituted 25th Traveling Moon, 414.
Uchees, No. 140. ("Corn") Rockdale. Instituted 17th Traveling Moon, 414, by F. L. Smith. Organized by M. M. Redding, with 25 charter members. First Prophet, D. W. Jackson.
Tonnuluka, No. 141. ("United people") Irvine. Instituted at Millers Creek, by F. L. Smith. Organized by John Watkins, of No. 103, with 25 charter members. First Prophet, Arkilles Kelley.
Nevada, No. 142. Flat Gap. Instituted 26th Traveling Moon, 414, by Henry W. Ray. Organized by Frank Witten, with 29 charter members. First Prophet, W. P. Williams.
Chickasaw, No. 143. (The name of a Tribe formerly in Alabama) Sitka. Instituted at Paintsville by Henry W. Ray. Organized by Frank Witten, with 25 charter members. First Prophet, I. H. Rowland.
Algona, No. 144. ("Algonquin waters") East Bernstadt. Instituted 31st Traveling Moon, 414, by F. L. Smith.
Algonquin, No. 145. ("People of the other side") Berry. Instituted 1st Hunting Moon, 414, by Henry W. Ray. Organized by M. M. Redding, with 25 charter members. First Prophet, R. P. Blair. Tribe never got a good start and surrendered its charter in 417.
Shawneese, No. 146. Cave City. Instituted 29th Cold Moon, 415, by Past Great Sachem H. H. Denhardt. Organized by M. M. Redding, with 30 charter members. Charter surrendered in 416.
Elkatawa, No. 147. Ford. Instituted 12th Snow Moon, 415, by F. L. Smith. Organized by M. M. Redding, with 17 charter members. First Prophet, C. A. Hazelrigg.
Natchez, No. 148. ("A hurrying man") Glenwood. Instituted 2nd Worm Moon, 415, by Henry W. Ray. Organized by E. G. Rook, with 36 charter members. First Prophet, Wm. Brainard.
Oniska, No. 149. Middlesboro. Instituted 7th Worm Moon, 415, by W. H. McDonald, by whom it was organized with 22 charter members. First Prophet, A. M. DeBusk.
Cohota, No. 150. Louisa. Instituted 12th Plant Moon, 415, by Henry W. Ray. Organized by J. H. Ekers, with 37 charter members. First Prophet, R. B. Spencer.
Minnewa, No. 151. (Or "Menawa", signifying "great warrior") Instituted 22nd Hot Moon, 415, by H. W. Ray. Organized by Bert Price, with 33 charter members. First Prophet, Dave Osborne.
Ontario, No. 152. ("Beautiful prospect of rocks, hills and water") Flat Lick. Instituted 17th Buck Moon, 415, by W. A. Crader. Organized by R. B. Miller, with 41 charter members. First Prophet, Henry C. Mills.
Ko-tan-ta, No. 153. Bell-Jellico. Instituted 1st Sturgeon Moon, 415, by W. A. Crader. Organized by Warren Wilson, with 30 charter members. First Prophet, J. C. Hembree. Consolidated with Kenton, No. 108. of Artemus, which Tribe moved to Bell-Jellico.
Black Eagle, No. 154. Grays. Instituted as Ogeechee, No. 154, on the 2nd Sturgeon Moon, 415, by W. A. Crader. Organized by Chas. Davis, with 31 charter members. First Prophet, John G. Stanberry.
Rowena, No. 155. Hopkinsville. Instituted 1st Sturgeon Moon, 415, by Great Sachem D. H. Russell. Organized by W. H. Gage, with 21 charter members. Charter revoked in Beaver Moon, 417.
Stillwater, No. 156. Russellville. Instituted 17th Sturgeon Moon, 415, by W. A. Crader. Organized by B. W. Conner, with 10 charter members. Council fire never burned but dimly, and its charter was revoked in Beaver Moon, 417.
Delaware, No. 157. (The Iroquois called this people "Sa-ga-na-ga") Blanche. Instituted 27th Sturgeon Moon, 415, by C. F. Melton. Organized by J. F. Slusher with 28 charter members. First Prophet G. B. Hubbrad.
Metacom, No. 158. Corbin. Instituted 24th Sturgeon Moon, 415, by W. H. McDonald. Organized by Chas. Davis, with 26 charter members. First Prophet, H. E. Bradshaw.
Shenandoah, No. 159. ("The stream passing by or through spruce-pines") Instituted 4th Corn Moon, 415, by W. H. McDonald. Organized by Warren Wilson with 41 charter members. First Prophet, Jacob Schultz.
Saranac, No. 160. Peach Orchard. Instituted 13th Corn Moon, 415, at Richardson, by F. L. Smith. Organized by B. B. Rule. First Prophet, G. W. Burton. Consolidated with Adirondack, No. 201, in Hunting Moon, 417.
Iron Star, No. 161. Trosper. Instituted 29th Traveling Moon, 415, by W. H. McDonald. Organized by Warren Wilson, with 36 charter members. First Prophet, Jas. Main.
Yazoo, No. 162. ("To blow on an instrument") Boston. Instituted 1st Hunting Moon, 415, by George Brown. Organized by David Moskovitz, with 21 charter members. First Prophet, J. D. Edwards. Surrendered its charter in 417.
Chicora, No. 163. (Or "Che-curruh", last chief of the Pequakets.) Shepherdsville. Instituted 6th Traveling Moon, 415, by W. A. Crader. Organized by W. C. Wormald, with 22 charter members. First Prophet, Thos. E. Cochran.
Tuskeno, No. 164. Hellier. Instituted 19th Traveling Moon, 415, at Childers, by Henry W. Ray. Organized by W. E. Wiley, with 29 charter members. First Prophet, Thos. J. Garner.
Ouray, No. 165. (Name of a chief of the Utes) Oakdale. Instituted 15th Traveling Moon, 415, by W. A. Crader. Organized by Chas. L. Becker, with 24 charter members. First Prophet, J. W. DeHart. Consolidated with Sioux Tribe, No. 70, in 417.
Geronimo, No. 166. (Name of a chief of the Apache) London. Instituted 26th Traveling Moon, 415, by W. H. McDonald. Organized by A. C. Jowdy, with 27 charter members. First Prophet, C. J. Litteral.
Silver Arrow, No. 167. Lebanon Junction. Instituted 1st Beaver Moon, 415, by W. A. Crader. Organized by David Moskovitz, with 15 charter members. First Prophet, Thomas Snider.
Susquehanna, No. 168. ("The great bay river") Inez. Instituted 9th Beaver Moon, 415, by Henry W. Ray. Organized by Jas. A. Hobbs, with 27 charter members. First Prophet, U. G. Johnson.
Spotted Elk, No. 169. Island. Instituted 28th Hunting Moon, 415, by Ben C. Nunn. Organized by A. W. Oates, with 43 charter members. First Prophet, Geo. W. Rone.
White Bear, No. 170. Williamsburg. Instituted 20th Hunting Moon, 415, by W. H. McDonald. Organized by Chas. Davis, with 28 charter members. First Prophet, J. McKenzie Brown.
Red Crow, No. 171. Rockholds. Instituted 31st Hunting Moon, 415, by W. H. McDonald. Organized by Chas. Davis, with 25 charter members. First Prophet, W. E. Hemphill.
Kill Buck, No. 172. Elizabethtown. Instituted 15th Hunting Moon, 415, by E. D. Durham. Organized by W. C. Wormald, with 14 charter members. First Prophet, R. L. Brown.
Choctaw, No. 173. ("Charming voice") Wilton. Instituted 18th Hunting Moon, 415, by W. H. McDonald. Organized by Warren Wilson, with 55 charter members. First Prophet, S. McLemore.
Washtella, No. 174. Fonde. Instituted 29th Hunting Moon, 415, by W. H. McDonald. Organized by L. E. Cline, with 27 charter members. First Prophet, S. B. Bryant.
Wanalanset, No. 175. Sadieville. Instituted 27th Hunting Moon, 415, by Frank L. Smith. Organized by M. M. Redding with 23 charter members. First Prophet, A. B. Davis.
Cheyenne, No. 176. ("Speaking a different language". A tribe speaking a different dialect from those around them.") Chenoa. Instituted 28th Hunting Moon, 415, by Warren Wilson. Organized by J. L. Riddle, with 23 charter members. First Prophet, Robt. Mason, Sr.
Kiowa, No. 177. ("The body") Osie. Instituted 8th Snow Moon, 416, at Irad, by L. E. Bradley, by whom it was organized, with 44 charter members. First Prophet, Andy Webb, Jr.
Lackawaxen, No. 178. ("Where the roads part") Borderland. Instituted 23d Snow Moon, 416, by L. E. Bradley. Organized by R. B. Parsley, with 29 charter members. First Prophet, Flem Kennard.
Pewakee, No. 179. Luzerne. Instituted 2nd Snow Moon, 416, by George Brown. Organized by A. W. Oates, with 35 charter members. First Prophet, W. M. Clark.
Uncas, No. 180. ("A war chief of the Mohicans") Bolts Fork. Instituted 12th Snow Moon, 416, by L. E. Bradley, by whom it was organized. First Prophet, C. H. Higgins.
Piute, No. 181. Culbertson. Instituted 13th Worm Moon, 416, by L. E. Bradley, who organized the same with 35 charter members. First Prophet, W. H. Rice.
Maumee, No. 182. ("People who live in the peninsula") Graham. Instituted 9th Worm Moon, 416, by Geo. Brown. Organized by Geo. Brown and R. W. Hooper, with 34 charter members. First Prophet, Ollis Hawes.
Cahoosic, No. 183. Leitchfield. Instituted 9th Worm Moon, 416, by L. H. Roberts. Organized by David Moskovitz, with 23 charter members. First Prophet, W. L. VanNorte.
Scioto, No. 184. Covington. Instituted 16th Worm Moon, by H. W. Ray, assisted by F. L. Smith. Organized by H. J. Northcutt, with 20 charter members. First Prophet, Jas. A. Brownfield.
Kickapoo, No. 185. ("Ghost of an otter". A branch of the Shawnee Tribe.) Instituted 19th Worm Moon, 416, by George Brown. Organized by David Moskovitz, with 15 charter members. First Prophet, John B. Jeffries.
Potomac, No. 186. ("They are coming by water") Glasgow. Instituted 25th Worm Moon, 416, by M. M. Redding. Organized by W. J. Poynter, with 24 charter members. First Prophet, W. J. Fisher.
Sequepah, No. 187. Drakesboro. Instituted 13th Plant Moon, 416, by George Brown. Organized by A. W. Oates, with 27 charter members. First Prophet, Chas. Green.
Ohio, No. 188. ("Beautiful river") Hartford. Instituted 6th Plant Moon, 416, by D. Moskovitz, who also organized the same with 20 charter members. First Prophet, U. G. Ragland.
Conanchet, No. 189. (Oldest Son of Miantonomo) Halsey. Instituted 13th Plant Moon, 416, by W. H. McDonald. Organized by Warren Wilson, with 29 charter members. First Prophet, J. W. Stillwell.
Tawawa, No. 190. ("People who are given to trading") Centertown. Instituted 18th Plant Moon, 416, by George Brown, by whom it was organized with 28 charter members. First Prophet, W. L. Richardson.
Bogohama, No. 192. Princeton. Instituted 10th Flower Moon, 416, by N. G. Mothershead. Organized by David Moskovitz, with 25 charter members. First Prophet, James W. Jewell.
Mashingomisha, No. 193. Blaine. Instituted 4th Flower Moon, 416, by L. E. Bradley. Organized by J. W. Elkins and J. B. Large, with 24 charter members. First Prophet, A. T. Burton.
Oklahoma, No. 194. ("Home for all Indians") Chambers. Instituted 30th Plant Moon, 416, by J. H. Kemper. Organized by Roy L. Vice, with 18 charter members. First Prophet, Chas. Cartright. Charter revoked in 417.
Tradewater, No. 195. Dawson Springs. Instituted 1st Flower Moon, 416, by N. G. Mothershead. Organized by David Moskovitz, with 24 charter members. First Prophet, Joe Woodruff.
Ogallala, No. 196. ("Cast in"—name of a band of the Sioux) Instituted 3d Buck Moon, 416, by J. W. Matthews. Organized by W. B. Gordon, with 21 charter members. First Prophet, E. B. Moore.
Nipsit, No. 197. ("Simple") Pilgrim. Instituted 15th Hot Moon, 416, by Henry W. Ray. Organized by Bertram Farley, with 22 charter members. First Prophet, Wade Stepp.
Suwanee, No. 198. (The South, or Southern People.—From Shawnee) Trinity. Instituted 6th Hot Moon, 416, by Henry W. Ray. Organized by Jas. Waldren, with 22 charter members. First Prophet, James Waldren.
Shawmut, No. 199. ("Tri-mountain") Jattie. Instituted 8th Hot Moon, 416, by L. E. Bradley. Organized by Charley Rice, with 25 charter members. First Prophet, J. F. Guinn.
Merrimac, No. 200. ("Cat-fish") Hammons. Instituted 6th Buck Moon, 416, by Warren Wilson. Organized by Dave Jones, with 20 charter members. First Prophet, Wm. Cole.
Adirondack, No. 201. (Name of a tribe of Indians, signifying, "He eats bark") Clifford. Instituted 6th Buck Moon, 416, by L. E. Bradley. Organized by L. G. Wallis, with 27 charter members. First Prophet, A. M. See.
Walla Walla, No. 202. Calhoun. Instituted 22nd Hot Moon 416, by Ben C. Nunn. Organized by G. W. Rone, with 20 charter members. First Prophet, E. R. Glenn. Charter revoked 18th Traveling Moon, 417.
Creek, No. 203. (Or Muskogee—a numerous tribe) Dayton. Instituted 10th Buck Moon, 416, by Val. J. Baader. Organized by Wm. F. Baader. First Prophet, Harry C. Kohl.
Arapahoe, No. 204. (Name of an Indian tribe, signifying "tattooed people") Providence. Instituted 17th Hot Moon, 416, by N. G. Mothershead. Organized by David Moskovitz, with 21 charter members. First Prophet, John H. Taylor. Charter revoked and surrendered in 417.
Brule, No. 205. (Name of a brand of Sioux Indians.) Clay. Instituted 9th Buck Moon, 416, by N. G. Mothershead. Organized by D. Moskovitz, with 17 charter members. First Prophet, E. Blackwell.
Naugatuck, No. 206. ("One tree") West Naugatuck. Instituted 13th Buck Moon, 416, by Henry W. Ray. Organized by J. R. Elliott, with 30 charter members. First Prophet, Henderson Burgett.
Monon, No. 207. Stamping Ground. Instituted 22nd Buck Moon, 416, by Frank L. Smith. Organized by M. M. Redding, with 21 charter members. First Prophet, J. T. True.
Saginaw, No. 208. ("At the mouth"—as of a river.) Denton. Instituted 3d Sturgeon Moon, 416, by John G. Riley. Organized by C. W. S. Clark, with 39 charter members. First Prophet, James O. Gallihugh.
Pewawbeek, No. 209. ("Iron") Hopper. Instituted 10th Sturgeon Moon, 416, by Warren Wilson. Organized by Dave Jones, with 23 charter members. First Prophet, James Bailey.
Sangamon, No. 210. Manchester. Instituted 2nd Sturgeon Moon, 416, by Warren Wilson. Organized by John F. Slusher with 20 charter members. First Prophet, D. G. Roach.
Emahaka, No. 211. Morganfield. Instituted 5th Sturgeon Moon, 416, by Nathan I. Oberdorfer. Organized by David Moskovitz, with 21 charter members. First Prophet, A. W. Clements.
Weshaway, No. 212. ("Elk") Instituted 10th Sturgeon Moon, 416, by Thos. McIlquham. Organized by Joseph Payne, with 33 charter members. First Prophet, L. M. Davis.
Agawam, No. 213. (Contracted from "Agawawaum," signifying "around the point") Catlettsburg. Instituted 10th Sturgeon Moon, 416, by L. E. Bradley. Organized by Wm. Ashant, Ed Short and James Wittin, with 45 charter members. First Prophet, Jas. Hitchcock.
Manhattan, No. 214. ("The town of the island") Jellico. Instituted 14th Sturgeon Moon, 416, by Warren Wilson. Organized by John DeBoard, with 44 charter members. First Prophet, John King, Jr.
Wahnahton, No. 215. ("He who charges on the enemy") McCarr. Instituted 19th Sturgeon Moon, 416, by Henry W. Ray. Organized by J. R. Elliott, with 31 charter members. First Prophet, J. E. Dean.
Kearsarge, No. 216. ("The notched or peaked mountain") Aberdeen. Instituted 17th Sturgeon Moon, 416. Organized by Geo. W. Rone, with 48 charter members. First Prophet, P. W. Evans.
Tuscahoma, No. 217. Charley. Instituted 24th Sturgeon Moon, 416, by L. E. Bradley. Organized by L. G. Wallis, with 23 charter members. First Prophet, L. W. Spencer.
Chicotah, No. 218. Dekoven. Instituted 31st Sturgeon Moon, 416, by Porter B. Graham. Organized by David Moskovitz, with 20 charter members. First Prophet, J. P. Bishop.
Incas, No. 219. Fletcher. Instituted 2nd Corn Moon, 416, by J. R. Smyth. Organized by Chas. Davis with 25 charter members. First Prophet, John D. Stanberry.
Petaluma, No. 220. Lily. Instituted 6th Corn Moon, 416, by Warren Wilson. Organized by John F. Slusher, with 20 charter members. First Prophet, E. L. Harmon.
Samoset, No. 221. (Name of a chief noted in early New England history) Majestic. Instituted 7th Corn Moon, 416, by J. P. Young. Organized by R. B. Parsley, with 54 charter members. First Prophet, T. K. Lambert.
Canonicus, No. 222. (Chief of the Narragansetts.) Gallup. Instituted 29th Corn Moon, 416, by L. E. Bradley. Organized by L. G. Waller, with 20 charter members. First Prophet, J. P. McClure.
Kennebec, No. 223. ("Long water") Instituted 27th Corn Moon, 416, by L. E. Bradley. Organized by L. G. Waller, with 26 charter members. First Prophet, G. S. Perry.
Watstika, No. 224. Marrion. Instituted 17th Traveling Moon, 416, by Past Great Sachem L. L. Bebout. Organized by David Moskovitz, with 21 charter members. First Prophet, C. E. Weldon.
Santana, No. 225. Pikeville. Instituted 15th Beaver Moon, 416, by T. J. Garner, who also organized the Tribe with 27 charter members. First Prophet, J. S. Cline.
Itaska, No. 226. ("The source"—or "at the female breast") Rumsey. Instituted 2nd Beaver Moon, 416, by Willie Vernon. Organized by G. W. Rone, with 28 charter members. First Prophet, C. E. Bandy.
Monadnock, No. 227. ("The spirit's place") Slick Rock Creek. Instituted 19th Beaver Moon, 416, by Thos. J. Garner. Organized by T. M. Mounts, with 33 charter members. First Prophet Mattison Mounts.
Ozark, No. 228. Elkhorn City. Instituted 29th Beaver Moon, 416, by Thos. J. Garner. Organized by Wm. Maynor, with 23 charter members. First Prophet, Noah Mullins.
Tuskaloosa, No. 229. ("Black warrior") Benton. Instituted 14th Beaver Moon, 416, by Past Great Sachem L. L. Bebout. Organized by David Moskovitz, with 16 charter members. First Prophet, Clifton Treas.
Ioka, No. 230. ("Beautiful place") South Carrollton. Instituted 25th Beaver Moon, 416, by Willie Vernon. Organized by Geo. W. Rone, with 25 charter members. First Prophet, J. F. Walcott.
Ninegret, No. 231. (Sachem of the Niantiks, sometimes called "Nenekunat") Elk Lick. Instituted 11th Hunting Moon, 416, by Pat Kennon. Organized by Ward Woodward, with 28 charter members. First Prophet, H. N. Wagoner.
Anawan, No. 232. (From "awan", meaning "frog"—A Wampanoag chief.) Big Creek. Instituted 7th Hunting Moon, 416, by Thos. McIlquham. Organized by Hiram Hensley, with 25 charter members. First Prophet, L. L. Britton.
Napanee, No. 233. Muddy Branch. Instituted 30th Beaver Moon, 416, by L. E. Bradley. Organized by Manuel Salyer, with 22 charter members. First Prophet, Ben Curnett.
Pocasset, No. 234. ("Where a strait widens out") Uniontown. Instituted 10th Hunting Moon, 416, by A. C. Foster. Organized by M. M. Redding, with 40 charter members. First Prophet A. E. Popham.
Waco, No. 235. ("A heron") Oneida. Instituted 25th Cold Moon, 417, by E. W. Hackney. Organized by H. F. Farmer, with 16 charter members. First Prophet, James Roberts.
Kokomo, No. 236. Danleyton. Instituted 25th Cold Moon, 417, by John G. Riley. Organized by Pyrphus Mead, with 27 charter members. First Prophet, J. B. Duncan.
Tonkawa, No. 237. Sebree. Instituted 24th Cold Moon, 417 by N. I. Oberdorfer. Organized by David Moskovitz, with 26 charter members. First Prophet, S. T. Sutton.
Tecumseh, No. 238. ("He who walks over water") Tannery. Instituted 25th Snow Moon, 417, by C. C. Irwin. Organized by C. N. Irwin, with 11 charter members. First Prophet, G. A. McCalley.
Pokonoket, No. 239. (Name of a Tribe of Algonquin stock in Rhode Island) Bush. Instituted 15th Snow Moon, 417, by Thos McIlquham. Organized by Geo. H. Vandeventer, with 25 charter members. First Prophet, S. W. Brock.
Erie, No. 240. ("Wild cat") Fork Ridge. Instituted 8th Snow Moon, 417, by L. E. Cline. Organized by Lee A. Turner. Charter revoked and surrendered in 417.
Kiowon, No. 241. Slaughtersville. Instituted 13th Snow Moon, 417, by N. I. Oberdorfer. Organized by David Moskovitz, with 21 charter members. First Prophet, A. A. Kenyon.
Ramona, No. 242. Sawyer. Instituted 5th Snow Moon, 417, by Chas. Davis. Organized by A. C. Henson, with 23 charter members. First Prophet, G. H. Earles.
Chicopee, No. 243. ("Birch bark tree") Bonanza. Instituted 13th Worm Moon, 417, by L. E. Bradley. Organized by W. B. Hall, First Prophet, A. B. Collins.
Washoan, No. 244. Onton. Instituted 16th Worm Moon, 417, by S. T. Sutton. Organized by David Moskovitz, with 28 charter members. First Prophet, E. T. Lewis.
Horicon, No. 245. ("The lake of silver water") Morgantown. Instituted 27th Worm Moon, 417, by Past Great Sachem H. H. Denhardt. Organized by J. C. Staten, with 35 charter members. First Prophet, W. T. Howard.
Alleghan, No. 246. (The name of the oldest tribe of Indians in the United States.) Burnwell. Instituted 7th Pant Moon, 417, by John Young. Organized by R. B. Parsley, with 18 charter members. First Prophet T. J. McCarty.
Nokonan, No. 247. Ashbyburg. Instituted 27th Worm Moon, 417, by S. T. Sutton. Organized by David Moskovitz, with 20 charter members. First Prophet, H. D. Hanna.
Beaver, No. 248. Allen. Instituted 24th Plant Moon, 417, by L. E. Bradley. Organized by W. B. Hall, with 26 charter members. First Prophet, M. L. Jones.
Kewanee, No. 249. ("Prairie hen") Greenville. Instituted 14th Plant Moon, 417, by George Brown. Organized by Elmer McCracken, with 22 charter members. First Prophet, O. L. Roark. Charter revoked in 417.
Genesee, No. 250. ("The beautiful valley") Hunnewell. Instituted 17th Plant Moon, 417, by J. B. Duncan. Organized by B. M. Fannin, with 22 charter members.
Chessapeake, No. 251. ("The place where there is a great body of water spread out") Dixon. Instituted 23d Plant Moon, 417, by N. I. Oberdorfer. Organized by John Burgman, with 25 charter members. First Prophet, J. A. Goodson.
Tonikan, No. 252. Madisonville. Instituted 28th Plant Moon, 417, by John X. Taylor. Organized by David Moskovitz, with 26 charter members. First Prophet, Henry Austin.
Kenaway, No. 253. ("Whirlpool") Harlan Town. Instituted 25th Plant Moon, 417, by L. E. Cline. Organized by L. E. Cline, with 31 charter members. First Prophet, W. J. R. Howard.
Casco, No. 254. ("The resting place") Instituted 24th Plant Moon, 417, by Chintz Royalty. Organized by Emmet Royalty, with 20 charter members. First Prophet, S. D. Taylor.
Canadawa, No. 255. ("Running through the hemlocks.") Barnett's Creek. Instituted 2nd Flower Moon, 417, by L. E. Bradley. Organized by Manuel Salyer, with 24 charter members. First Prophet, Fred Meader.
Atabaska, No. 256. ("Place where there is an amount of high grass here and there") Cromwell. Instituted and organized by A. C. Yeiser, with 20 charter members. First Prophet, T. Wade Stratton.
Waukesha, No. 257. ("Fox River") Teague. Instituted 8th Flower Moon, 417, by J. H. Gordon. Organized by Chas. Davis with 18 charter members. First Prophet, W. M. Bryant.
Cayuga, No. 258. ("Long lake") Maplesville. Instituted 9th Flower Moon, 417, by Thos. McIlquham. Organized by L. R. Oakley, with 25 charter members. First Prophet, L. R. Oakley.
Dekorra, No. 259. (Name of a Winnebago chief) Ingram. Instituted 9th Flower Moon, 417, by Warren Wilson. Organized by W. P. Golden, with 26 charter members. First Prophet, Geo. W. Ingram.
Catawissa, No. 260. ("Growing fat") St. Charles. Instituted 21st Flower Moon, 417, by John X. Taylor. Organized by C. S. Crenshaw, with 22 charter members. First Prophet, R. R. Sweeney.
Katahdin, No. 261. ("The highest place" or "chief mountain") Oil Springs. Instituted 28th Flower Moon, 417, by L. E. Bradley. Organized by Manuel Salyer, with 21 charter members. First Prophet, J. M. Literal.
Estaboga, No. 262. ("Where people reside") Livingston. Instituted 27th Flower Moon, 417, by L. E. Cline, by whom it was organized with 16 charter members. First Prophet A. E. Reynolds.
Makon, No. 263. ("A feather") Mercer. Instituted 19th Hot Moon, 417, by Willie Vernon. Organized by Geo. W. Rone with 24 charter members. First Prophet, J. P. Bradley.
Patoka, No. 264. (The name by which the "Ponka" Indians designated themselves) Beech Grove. Instituted 22nd Hot Moon 417, by S. T. Sutton. Organized by David Moskovitz with 15 charter members. First Prophet, E. T. Mitchell.
Escanaba, No. 265. ("Flat rock") Salyersville. Instituted 16th Hot Moon, 417, by L. E. Bradley. Organized by Manuel Salyer with 26 charter members. First Prophet G. B. Elam.
Roanoke, No. 266. ("Sea shell" or "Wampum") Whitesburg. Instituted 18th Hot Moon, 417, by A. L. Adams. Organized by L. E. Cline, with 28 charter members. First Prophet, Joseph H. Gibson.
Gowanda, No. 267. ("A town among the hills by the waterside") Ivy. Instituted 20th Hot Moon, 417, by Warren Wilson. Organized by W. P. Golden, with 25 charter members. First Prophet, Marion Evans.
Rappahannock, No. 268. ("Where the tide water flows and ebbs") Benge. Instituted 6th Sturgeon Moon, 417, by W. E. Begley. Organized by H. F. Farmer, with 19 charter members. First Prophet, P. N. House.
Equinunk, No. 269. ("The place where the wearing apparel is distributed") Denver. Instituted 2nd Buck Moon, 417, by L. E. Bradley. Organized by Manuel Salyer, with 31 charter members. First Prophet, L. F. Smith.
Alabama, No. 270. ("Here we rest") Hindman. Instituted 30th Hot Moon, 417, by A. L. Adams. Organized by L. E. Cline with 20 charter members.
Tuscumbia, No. 271. ("Grand Battle ground") Nero. Instituted 11th Buck Moon, 417, by L. E. Bradley. Organized by Manuel Salyer, with 7 charter members. First Prophet, Jesse Burchmell.
Swampscott, No. 272. ("The pleasant water place") Hazzard. Instituted 18th Buck Moon, 417, by H. F. Farmer. Organized by L. E. Cline, with 28 charter members. First Prophet, John D. Ward.
Abanaka, No. 273. ("The east land") Bark Camp Mills. Instituted 7th Sturgeon Moon, 417, by S. G. Edwards. Organized by A. C. Henson, with 22 charter members. First Prophet, G. H. Earls.
Chautauqua, No. 274. ("A pack tied in the middle") Pearl. Instituted 1st Sturgeon Moon, 417, by S. B. Bryant. Organized by W. P. Golden, with 26 charter members. First Prophet, L. E. Hatfield.
Housatonic, No. 275. ("Stream beyond the mountains") Instituted 31st Buck Moon, 417, by K. P. Elam. Organized by L. E. Cline, with 23 charter members. First Prophet, R. B. Roberts.
Ekana, No. 276. ("Earth") Jackson. Instituted 18th Sturgeon Moon, 417, by Frank L. Smith. Organized by Geo. W. Johnson, with 17 charter members. First Prophet, Wm. Hoskins.
Menominee, No. 277. ("The people who eat wild rice") Relief. Instituted 22nd Sturgeon Moon, 417, by W. C. Hall. Organized by John Sanders with 27 charter members. First Prophet, B. S. Williams.
Pocahontas, No. 278. ("Streamlet between two hills") Welchburg. Instituted 12th Sturgeon Moon, 417, by Jos. C. Lykins. Organized by L. E. Cline, with 22 charter members. First Prophet, J. M. Morris.
Cohasset, No. 279. ("Place of pines") East Point. Instituted 2nd Corn Moon, 417, by L. E. Bradley. Organized by Manuel Salyer, with 16 charter members. First Prophet, Webster Greer.
Weleetka, No. 281. Bryant's Store. Instituted 11th Corn Moon, 417, by Chas. Davis. Organized by James Henson, with 19 charter members. First Prophet, Noah Lee.
Winnipe, No. 282. ("A Place of dirty waters") Brooklyn. Instituted 10th Corn Moon, 417, by P. W. Evans. Organized by Robert Neel with 22 charter members. First Prophet Adam R. Fleenor.
Jamaica, No. 283. ("A country abounding in springs") Caneyville. Instituted 26th Traveling Moon, 417, by N. T. Howard. Organized by R. A. Bostic with 22 charter members. First Prophet M. A. Taylor.
Wewoka, No. 285. ("Barking water") Barlow. Instituted 12th Beaver Moon, 417, by L. L. Bebout. Organized by David Moskovitz with 18 charter members. First Prophet, J. S. Johnson.
Onaway, No. 286. ("Although") Kenwood. Instituted 20th Beaver Moon, 417, by Jos. C. Lykins. Organized by L. F. Smith, with 23 charter members. First Prophet, D. M. Willimas.
Atoka, No. 287. ("In another place") Middlecreek. Instituted 4th Hunting Moon, 417, by Sherman Rice. Organized by Willie Hall, with 21 charter members. First Prophet, Willie Hall.
Tuskegee, No. 288. (from "Taskialgi," signifying "Warrior") LaCenter. Instituted 2nd Hunting Moon, 417, by D. A. Cross. Organized by David Moskovitz with 16 charter members. First Prophet, John M. Moore.
CHAPTER IX.
ROSTER OF TRIBES OF THE OLD GREAT COUNCIL OF KENTUCKY.
1852-1880.
Chickasaw Tribe, No. 1, instituted 29th Hot Moon, G. S. 5612, (June 29, 1852), at Newport.
Black Hawk Tribe, No. 2, instituted G. S. 5612, (1852), at Covington.
Pocahontas, Tribe, No. 3, instituted G. S. 5613, (1853), at Newport.
Kentucky Tribe, No. 4, instituted G. S. 5614, (1854) at Louisville.
Choctaw, Tribe, No. 5. instituted G. S. 5615, (1855) at Alexandria.
Tecumseh Tribe, No. 6, instituted G. S. 5615, (1855) at Louisville. Deserted to the Independent Order in 1870.
Delaware Tribe, No. 7, instituted 2nd Traveling Moon, G. S. 5617, (1857) at Louisville. Deserted to the Independent Order in 1870.
Osceola Tribe, No. 8, instituted 29th Sturgeon Moon, G. S. D. 375, (1866) at Lexington. Surrendered its Charter in 1874.
Seneca Tribe, No. 9, instituted 25th Traveling Moon, G. S. D. 375, (1866) at Louisville. Surrendered its charter in 1873.
Minnehaha Tribe, No. 10, instituted 19th Flower Moon, G. S. D. 377, (1868) at Newport.
Oswego Tribe, No. 11, instituted 12th Traveling Moon, G. S. D. 377, (1868) at Bowling Green.
Metamora Tribe, No. 12, instituted 19th Cold Moon, G. S. D. 378, (1869) at Hopkinsville.
Hiawatha Tribe, No. 13, instituted 12th Sturgeon Moon, G. S. D. 378, (1869) at Hopkinsville.
Cherokee Tribe, No. 14, instituted 8th Hot Moon, G. S. D. 379, (1870), at Paris.
Minneola, Tribe, No. 15, instituted 6th Hot Moon, G. S. D. 380, (1871) at Murray or Kings Lodge.
Wyandotte Tribe, No. 16, instituted 10th Sturgeon Moon, G. S. D. 380, (1871), at Maysville. Surrendered its charter July 8th, 1875.
Miami Tribe, No. 17, instituted 25th Buck Moon, G. S. D. 385, (1876) at Newport. This Tribe was the result of the consolidation of Pocahontas Tribe, No. 3 and Minnehaha Tribe, No. 10, and is still working. It is the only connecting link between the old Great Council and the present.
Shawnee Tribe, No. 18, at Winchester.
Osceola Tribe, No. 19, instituted 26th Buck Moon, G. S. D., 399, (1880), at Ashland, with 15 charter members by Harry C. McKey, Great Sachem of the Great Council of Ohio. This Tribe was never a member of the Old Great Council.
Mohawk Tribe, No. 20, at Louisville.
ROSTER OF THE MEMBERS OF THE GREAT COUNCIL OF KENTUCKY.
1854-1884.
The figures before the name indicate the date of admission, and figures following, the number of the tribe to which the Past Sachem belonged at that time.
| 1870 | Akermann, John, 3. |
| 1854 | Allen, G. D., 1. |
| 1869 | Altmann, A., 9. |
| 1855 | Amann, Chas., 3. |
| 1857 | Amann, Daniel, 3. |
| 1855 | Amann, John, 3. |
| 1858 | Amlmann, John, 3. |
| 1857 | Andrews, H. O., 2. |
| 1867 | Baas, Fred, 3. |
| 1855 | Badgeley, S. I. B., 4. |
| 1871 | Bamberger, L. S., 12. |
| 1856 | Bardsley, J., 4. |
| 1854 | Barlow, J. H., 1. |
| 1870 | Beak, Alfred, 2. |
| 1872 | Beaman, W. H., 13. |
| 1869 | Beck, G., 7. |
| 1858 | Berdue, Henry, 2. |
| 1865 | Betz, Mathes, 3. |
| 1856 | Bijur, Martin, 4. |
| 1875 | Biltz, E., 10. |
| 1870 | Bismark, Frederick, 3. |
| 1868 | Bloomingfield, Geo. B., 4. |
| 1858 | Boeger, John, 3. |
| 1866 | Boehiem, G., 6. |
| 1858 | Bolvn, Henry, 6. |
| 1861 | Booth, Thos., 2. |
| 1858 | Bornstraeger, Martin, 7. |
| 1859 | Borshall, Wm., 4. |
| 1863 | Bowen, Lewis, 2. |
| 1869 | Bradford, Wm. W., 4. |
| 1859 | Brank, Geo., 3. |
| 1869 | Braun, Fred, 9. |
| 1859 | Brenner, Henry, 6. |
| 1864 | Brigmann, W., 4. |
| 1856 | Britte, Henry, 3. |
| 1869 | Bronk, John, 6. |
| 1867 | Brown, Fred, 9. |
| 1855 | Brown, John, 5. |
| 1860 | Bruch, George, 3. |
| 1859 | Buckland, Chas. |
| 1883 | Buerger, Wm., 17. |
| 1858 | Burckhardt, Chas., 6. |
| 1871 | Burris, J. L., 13. |
| 1856 | Butcher, John, 3. |
| 1856 | Casey, L. E. |
| 1883 | Christman, G., 17. |
| 1868 | Chrystal, James, 8. |
| 1860 | Clark, James, 2. |
| 1862 | Clark, W. T., 2. |
| 1854 | Coffin, D. H. B., 1. |
| 1870 | Colb, Conrad, 7. |
| 1872 | Conn, C. H., 10. |
| 1870 | Covert, James, 10. |
| 1871 | Danaher, Thos. J., 12. |
| 1856 | Davies, John B., 6. |
| 1873 | Davis, Thos. A., 16. |
| 1860 | Dearnhoefer, Geo. C., 7. |
| 1870 | Deckel, M., 7. |
| Denhard, H. | |
| 1873 | DeMalmedy, C. B., 2. |
| 1875 | Dempf, G. A., 4. |
| 1875 | Dempf, W. A., 4. |
| 1855 | Duckworth, Thos., 1. |
| 1857 | Dunn, Martin, 1. |
| 1858 | Dummermichael, J. A., 3. |
| 1859 | Dutsch, Wm., 7. |
| 1857 | Elsey, R. W., 4. |
| Emig, John B. | |
| 1862 | Euler, Conrad, 4. |
| Faass, Louis. | |
| 1871 | Farley, Wm., 8. |
| 1861 | Fauss, Jacob, 3. |
| 1865 | Faust, Jacob, 3. |
| 1866 | Felsenthall, M., 4. |
| 1872 | Fiehn, F., 9. |
| 1860 | Fishe, Fred, 6. |
| 1874 | Follett, J. F., 10. |
| 1854 | Ford, Geo. W., 1. |
| 1854 | Francis, A. J., 2. |
| 1865 | Frier, Louis, 3. |
| Frische, F. | |
| 1866 | Froehlick, M., 7. |
| 1859 | Fry, Geo. J., 4. |
| Funamichael, John A. | |
| 1869 | Gardner, V. N., 8. |
| 1862 | Gelhaar, F., 7. |
| 1864 | Gerlach, Gelhart G., 7. |
| 1872 | Gideon, L., 4. |
| 1855 | Gideon, Thos. W., 1. |
| 1879 | Glick, J., 17. |
| 1872 | Glore, C. O., 13. |
| 1867 | Glore, Wm. H., 2. |
| 1875 | Grapes, W., 3. |
| 1872 | Grav, S. F., 8. |
| 1860 | Grav, Stephen J., 4. |
| 1873 | Grau, Michael, 3. |
| 1874 | Greenwood, A. B., 16. |
| 1870 | Griffith, J. L., 12. |
| 1883 | Gross, A., 17. |
| 1857 | Gross, Chas., 6. |
| 1857 | Grubel, Albert, 3. |
| 1870 | Gruneisen, Sebastian, |
| 1863 | Gutjahr, N., 6. |
| 1873 | Guy, G. Y., 10. |
| 1855 | Hamilton, James, 4. |
| 1869 | Hanlein, Frank, 6. |
| 1855 | Harig, A. C., 6. |
| 1870 | Hart, M. M., 11. |
| 1854 | Harvey, Jonathan, |
| 1868 | Haupt, Christ, 7. |
| 1865 | Hansner, Henry, 3. |
| Havelin, 2. | |
| 1874 | Hays, Thos., 10. |
| 1860 | Hebel, Chas., 6. |
| 1861 | Hisch, George, 3. |
| 1855 | Heltimus, John B., 2. |
| 1878 | Heppner, Wm., 3. |
| 1869 | Heser, F., 7. |
| 1875 | Hetch, J. J., 3. |
| 1857 | Higbee, S., 2. |
| Higby, James. | |
| 1871 | Hillburn, J. J., 11. |
| 1859 | Hisp, A. B. |
| 1870 | Hoagland, Julien, 8. |
| 1878 | Hoffman, Geo. C., 17. |
| 1868 | Hornsey, T. A., 8. |
| 1858 | Howlin, Joseph, 2. |
| 1856 | Hughes, John, 4. |
| 1858 | Huzza, Robert H., 4. |
| 1866 | Illig, F., 7. |
| 1856 | Irving, J. B., 6. |
| 1858 | Jackson, J. P., 1. |
| 1870 | Jacobs, George, 3. |
| 1866 | Jacobs, Ph., 7. |
| Jansinger, G. | |
| 1874 | January, Horace, 16. |
| 1868 | Jones, T. J., 4. |
| 1874 | Kastle, Chas., 8. |
| 1862 | Kaufman, John, 6. |
| 1873 | Keister, Henry, 11. |
| 1854 | Kemper, P. A. C., 1. |
| 1861 | Kempler, Henry, 2. |
| 1857 | Keyt, John C., 4. |
| 1868 | King, D. A., 8. |
| 1870 | Kinnaird, J. F., 11. |
| 1856 | Kiteley, Gregory B., 4. |
| 1868 | Kline, Herman, 9. |
| 1862 | Knapp, A., 7. |
| 1871 | Knorr, George, 2. |
| 1869 | Kolb, C., 6. |
| 1857 | Koch, Conrad, 6. |
| 1860 | Kramm, Conrad, 6. |
| 1867 | Kraus, Wm. |
| 1878 | Lamb, John, 10. |
| 1866 | Landsrath, H. J., 7. |
| 1865 | Lang, John, 3. |
| 1869 | Landsinger, Gustave, 6. |
| 1862 | Lasch, Thos., 7. |
| 1873 | Lee, I., 13. |
| 1858 | Lehman, Joseph, 2. |
| 1871 | Lenhard, 9. |
| 1858 | Leonhardt, Philip, 6. |
| 1868 | Lezinsky, Jacob, 9. |
| 1860 | Lieber, Isaac, 6. |
| 1875 | Luckert, I., 3. |
| 1859 | McCracken, R. B., 3. |
| 1855 | McDormant, Thos., 5. |
| 1857 | McNeal, John, 4. |
| 1860 | McNickell, Thos., 4. |
| 1855 | Magerhaus, A. F., 3. |
| 1860 | Maritz, George, 7. |
| 1871 | Marsh, E. F., 8. |
| 1879 | Marsh, W., 10. |
| 1867 | Martin, Alfred, 2. |
| 1869 | Mayflower, S. C., 9. |
| 1868 | Maryland, Joseph, 2. |
| 1875 | Massman, A., 2. |
| 1870 | Mathews, A., 2. |
| 1877 | Maunder, Chas., 10. |
| 1878 | Maunder, Wm., 10. |
| 1873 | Megerle, Chris, 3. |
| 1859 | Merkel, Martin, 6. |
| 1857 | Merkley, Edmund, 7. |
| 1859 | Methina, Lewis, 2. |
| 1874 | Meyers, E. H., 10. |
| 1875 | Mirsbury, O. H. S., 13. |
| 1865 | Moeller, Chas., 6. |
| 1866 | Moeller, Christ., 6. |
| 1869 | Moore, Thamson, 10. |
| 1879 | Most, F., 3. |
| 1872 | Mottley, E., 11. |
| 1855 | Mounder, J. F., 1. |
| 1854 | Murdock, C. J., 1. |
| 1880 | Must, Fred, 3. |
| 1861 | Nanz, Henry, 7. |
| 1865 | New, Adolph, 3. |
| 1867 | Niles, Wm. C., 2. |
| 1875 | Noe, H. B., 13. |
| 1870 | Nolloth, Wm., 2. |
| 1860 | Normann, John, 7. |
| 1856 | Ostenmeyer, 3. |
| 1854 | Ostler, Wm., 1. |
| 1857 | Painter, Jas. M., 1. |
| 1855 | Painter, Samuel, 1. |
| 1855 | Parker, J., 5. |
| 1856 | Patten, W. H., 2. |
| 1858 | Penny, W. F., 2. |
| 1854 | Penny, Wm. H., 5. |
| 1855 | Penny, R., 2. |
| 1866 | Pfeiffer, Chas., 4. |
| 1874 | Phister, J. P., 16. |
| 1873 | Pierce, A., 13. |
| 1873 | Porter, D. J., 10. |
| 1875 | Puff, A., 3. |
| 1870 | Pyle, Alexander, 11. |
| 1875 | McQuierry, A. S., 13. |
| 1875 | Reed, John, 10. |
| Reese, A. | |
| 1854 | Reese, Elias, 2. |
| 1869 | Reese, Geo. W., 10. |
| 1870 | Reese, Thos., 2. |
| 1869 | Rehm, H., 7. |
| 1869 | Ried, J. N., 8. |
| 1859 | Reinshaw, 7. |
| 1862 | Reitz, Phil., 6. |
| 1858 | Remme, B. H. D., 1. |
| 1858 | Rice, Glancey, 2. |
| 1874 | Ritte, Henry, 3. |
| 1859 | Robinson, G. C. |
| 1859 | Robinson, J., 4. |
| 1858 | Rohrhuber, Christopher, 3. |
| 1879 | Roth, John, 17. |
| 1860 | Rothschield, G., 7. |
| 1869 | Rothweiler, C., 7. |
| 1867 | Rude, Wm., 2. |
| 1855 | Ruhl, Peter, 6. |
| 1860 | Sanders, W. H., 4. |
| 1870 | Sauer, Anton, 6. |
| 1869 | Schell, Samuel F., 10. |
| 1857 | Schenk, Jacob, 7. |
| 1858 | Schenk, W., 6. |
| 1861 | Schmidt, Chas., 6. |
| 1862 | Schmidt, Chris. |
| 1854 | Schmidt, Geo. W., 3. |
| 1857 | Schneider, Andrew, 7. |
| 1858 | Schneider, Christopher, 4. |
| 1872 | Schneider, D., 3. |
| 1861 | Schneider, George, 3. |
| 1863 | Schoenfield, B., 4. |
| 1879 | Schorle, F., 3. |
| 1872 | Schroder, John, 4. |
| 1855 | Schultz, Chas., 3. |
| 1875 | Seinsheimer, O., 3. |
| 1873 | Shields, V. T., 13. |
| 1875 | Shippman, G. W., 10. |
| 1854 | Shinkle, Uriah, 2. |
| 1854 | Shinkle, Vincent, 2. |
| 1858 | Shoemaker, G. E., 1. |
| Siegel, F. S. | |
| 1875 | Smidt, C., 2. |
| 1865 | Smith, Charles, A., 4. |
| 1856 | Smith, William, 6. |
| 1870 | Spaeth, Samuel, 3. |
| 1855 | Spillman, Frank, 5. |
| 1867 | Spitznagel, Anton, 3. |
| 1860 | Springer, John, 6. |
| 1860 | Stacey, Henry, 2. |
| 1870 | Stahel, Jacob, 8. |
| 1877 | Staunder, J. W., 17. |
| 1865 | Steinhauer, John, 3. |
| 1883 | Stepp, C., 10. |
| 1870 | Stone, W. G., 13. |
| 1860 | Strube, Bernhard, 7. |
| 1880 | Suitzer, C., 10. |
| 1860 | Sutton, Isaac, 2. |
| 1856 | Thompson, D. L., 1. |
| 1870 | Thompson, Edmond, 10. |
| 1855 | Todd, John, 2. |
| 1865 | Trommer, Chas., 3. |
| 1857 | Turner, W. D., 4. |
| 1858 | Tuttle, Alex., 1. |
| 1857 | Tyrack, Jas. N., 2. |
| 1877 | Vickery, J., 10. |
| 1855 | Vight, Christian, 3. |
| 1871 | Vogel, J., 11. |
| 1869 | Vohringer, 7. |
| 1868 | Watkins, B. P., 8. |
| 1873 | Watherman, 2. |
| 1873 | Weaver, John, 2. |
| 1858 | Weidler, Benj. B., 2. |
| 1860 | Weiger, Joseph, 3. |
| 1878 | Wendworth, Val., 17. |
| 1856 | Williamson, John A., 1. |
| 1860 | Willing, Geo., 2. |
| 1861 | Wolfhardt, John, 3. |
| 1871 | Wood, A., 11. |
| 1872 | Wood, O. S., 8. |
| 1859 | Young, Reinhard. |
| 1855 | Zimmer, M., 6. |
| 1875 | Zuber, A., 3. |
| 1861 | Zuefle, David, 6. |