[List of Principal Works Consulted]
[Table of Contents]
[List of Plates]
[Key to the Families]
[Key to the Genera]
[Statistical Table]
[Glossary of Botanical Terms]
[Abbreviations of Authors’ Names]
[List of Popular Names]
[Additions and Corrections]
[Index]
Some typographical errors have been corrected;
.
(etext transcriber's note)

THE
FLOWERING PLANTS OF AFRICA

THE
FLOWERING PLANTS
OF AFRICA

AN ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE GENERA
OF AFRICAN PHANEROGAMS
BY
FR. THONNER
WITH 150 PLATES AND A MAP
DULAU & CO., LTD.
37 SOHO SQUARE, LONDON
1915

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

PREFACE

THE flora of Africa being now comparatively well known, the author of the present work considered the time opportune to present to the public an analytical key for determining in an easy way the generic name of every phanerogamous plant growing wild, whether indigenous or naturalized, or cultivated upon a large scale within the geographical limits of Africa including the islands.

The names and limits of the genera and families adopted in this work are those accepted in ENGLER & PRANTL’S “Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien,” the most recent work containing the description of all genera of flowering plants, and its supplement “Genera Siphonogamarum” by DALLA TORRE & HARMS.

As the present work is intended for the use not only of botanists, but also of colonists and travellers in Africa, who take an interest in botany, I have used, wherever it was possible, as distinctive characters, those which are visible to the naked eye in a plant in flower, being careful, however, not to deviate too much from the natural system.

Besides the diagnostic characters of the genera, I have also indicated the approximative number of the species described to the end of the year 1910, their geographical distribution, their uses, and their more important synonyms.

As to the terms used in indicating the geographical distribution of African plants, “North Africa” (including North-west-and North-east Africa) means all northern extratropical Africa, “South Africa” (including South-west and South-east Africa) southern extratropical Africa, “tropical Africa” Africa within the tropics, including all islands, whereas the continent of Africa within the tropics including only the small islands in the proximity of the coast, is designated by “Central Africa.”

The present work was originally published in German under the title “Die Blütenpflanzen Africas” (Berlin, R. Friedländer & Sohn, 1908). A new edition being desirable, I have preferred the English language, and I am indebted to Dr. A. B. RENDLE, of the British Museum, for revising my translation.

The plates were drawn by the Vienna artist JOSEPH FLEISCHMANN from herbarium specimens kindly lent from the collections of the Hofmuseum at Vienna and the Jardin botanique de l’Etat at Brussels by their respective keepers Dr. A. ZAHLBRUCKNER and Dr. E. DE WILDEMAN. Drawings already published have been used for a few plates only; these are duly indicated.

FRANZ THONNER.

VIENNA (AUSTRIA), September 1913.

LIST OF PRINCIPAL WORKS CONSULTED

A. Engler & K. Prantl, Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien (Leipzig, 1889-1908).

C. G. De Dalla Torre & H. Harms, Genera Siphonogamarum (Leipzig, 1900-1907).

A. Engler, Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien, 6. ed. (Berlin, 1909).

—Das Pflanzenreich (Leipzig, 1900-1910).

—Monographien afrikanischer Pflanzenfamilien und-gattungen (Leipzig, 1898-1904).

—Die Vegetation Afrikas (Berlin, 1908-1910).

G. Bentham & J. D. Hooker, Genera plantarum (London, 1862-1883).

J. D. Hooker & B. D. Jackson, Index Kewensis plantarum phanerogamarum (Oxford, 1895-1908).

A. De Candolle, Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis (Paris, 1824-1873).

C. S. Kunth, Enumeratio plantarum (Stuttgart, 1833-1850).

G. Walpers, Repertorium botanices systematicae (Leipzig, 1842-1847).

—Annales botanices systematicae (Leipzig, 1848-1868).

A. & C. De Candolle, Monographiae phanerogamarum (Paris, 1878-1896).

H. Baillon, Histoire des plantes (Paris, 1867-1895).

Th. Durand & H. Schinz, Conspectus florae Africae (Bruxelles, 1895-1898).

R. Delile, Flore d’Egypte (Paris, 1810).

E. Boissier, Flora orientalis (Basel, 1867-1888).

P. Ascherson & G. Schweinfurth, Illustrations de la flore d’Egypte (Le Caire, 1887).

E. Sickenberger, Contributions à la flore d’Egypte (Le Caire, 1901).

E. Durand & G. Barratte, Florae Libycae prodromus (Genève, 1910).

J. A. Battandier & Trabut, Flore de l’Algérie (Alger, 1888-1910).

—Flore de l’Algérie et de la Tunisie (Alger, 1902).

W. Trelease, Botanical observations on the Azores (St. Louis, 1897).

R. T. Lowe, A manual flora of Madeira (London, 1868).

Ph. Barker-Webb & S. Berthelot, Phytographia Canariensis (Paris, 1836-1840).

J. Pitard & L. Proust, Les îles Canaries (Paris, 1908).

D. Oliver & W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, Flora of tropical Africa (London, 1868-1910).

J. Mildbread, Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutschen Central-Africa-Expedition; Botanik (Berlin, 1910).

A. Engler, Die Pflanzenwelt Ostafrikas (Berlin, 1895).

A. Richard, Tentamen florae Abyssinicae (Paris, 1847).

R. Pirotta, Flora della colonia Eritrea (Roma, 1903-1908).

J. A. Grant & D. Oliver, The botany of the Speke and Grant expedition. (London, 1872-1875).

W. Peters, Naturwissenschaftliche Reise nach Mozambik (Berlin, 1862-1864).

Th. Sim, Forest flora and forest resources of Portuguese East Africa (Aberdeen, 1909).

J. B. Balfour, Botany of Socotra (Edinburgh, 1888).

H. Forbes, The natural history of Socotra and Abdelkuri (Liverpool, 1903).

F. Vierhapper, Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Flora Südarabiens und der Inseln Socotra, Semha und Abdelkuri (Wien, 1907).

J. A. Schmidt, Beiträge zur Flora der kapverdischen Inseln (Heidelberg, 1852).

J. A. Guillemin, S. Perrotet, & A. Richard, Florae Senegambiae tentamen (Paris, 1830-1833).

J. Palisot Beauvois, Flore d’Oware et de Benin (Paris 1804).

W. J. Hooker, Niger flora (London, 1849).

H. Pobeguin, Essai sur la flore de la Guinée française (Paris, 1906).

Th. Durand & E. De Wildeman, Matériaux pour la flore du Congo (Bruxelles, 1897-1901).

E. De Wildeman & Th. Durand, Contributions a la flore du Congo (Bruxelles, 1900).

—— Reliquiae Dewevreanae (Bruxelles, 1901).

—— Illustrations de la flore du Congo (Bruxelles, 1898-1904).

—— Plantae Thonnerianae Congolenses (Bruxelles, 1900).

E. De Wildeman, Etudes sur la flore du Katanga (Bruxelles, 1902-1903).

—Etudes sur la flore du Bas-et du Moyen-Congo (Bruxelles, 1903-1910).

—Mission E. Laurent (Bruxelles, 1905-1907).

—Notice sur des plantes utiles ou interessantes de la flore du Congo (Bruxelles, 1903-1906).

—Plantae novae horti Thenensis (Bruxelles, 1904-1910).

—Companie du Kasai (Bruxelles, 1909).

Th. & H. Durand, Sylloge florae Congolanae (Bruxelles, 1909).

W. P. Hiern, Catalogue of the African plants collected by Welwitsch (London, 1896-1901).

O. Warburg, Die Kunene-Sambesi-Expedition (Berlin, 1903).

J. C. Mellis, St. Helena (London, 1875).

A. Grandidier & Drake Del Castillo, Histoire naturelle de Madagascar (Paris, 1886-1902).

P. Baron, Compendium des plants malgaches (Paris, 1901-1906).

J. Palacky, Catalogus plantarum Madagascariensium (Prag, 1906).

J. G. Baker, Flora of Mauritius and the Seychelles (London, 1877).

J. B. Balfour, Flora of the Island of Rodriguez (London, 1879).

J. De Cordemoy, Flore de l’île de la Réunion (Paris, 1895).

A. Voeltzkow, Die von Aldabra bis jetzt bekannte Flora und Fauna (Frankfurt, 1902).

W. Harvey, The genera of South-African plants, 2. ed. (Capetown, 1868).

W. Harvey. O. W. Sonder &. W. Thiselton-Dyer, Flora Capensis (London, 1859-1910).

W. Harvey, Thesaurus Capensis (Dublin, 1859-1863).

H. Bolus & A. H. Wolley-Dod, A list of the flowering plants of the Cape peninsula (Capetown, 1903).

Th. Sim, The forests and forest flora of the Colony of the Cape of Good Hope (Aberdeen, 1907).

J. M. Wood, Handbook to the flora of Natal (Durban, 1907).

—Natal plants (Durban, 1898-1910).

H. Schinz, Beiträge zur Kenntniss der afrikanischen Flora (Genève, 1892-1908).

—Die Pflanzenwelt Deutsch-Südwestafrikas. (Genève, 1896-1900).

A. Zahlbruckner, Plantae Pentherianae (Wien, 1900-1905).

Challenger Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H.M.S. “Challenger” (London, 1885).

H. Schenk, Vergleichende Darstellung der Pflanzengeographie der subantarktischen Inseln (Jena, 1905).

Linnean Society, Journal. Botany. (London, 1857-1910).

Kew Gardens, Bulletin of miscellaneous information. (London, 1892-1910).

W. Curtis, The Botanical Magazine (London, 1793-1910).

W. J. & J. D. Hooker, Icones plantarum (London, 1837-1910).

B. Seemann & J. Britten, The Journal of Botany (London, 1853-1910).

A. Engler, Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie (Leipzig, 1881-1910).

—Notizblatt des königl. botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin (Leipzig, 1897-1910).

K. Schumann & F. Fedde, Just’s botanischer Jahresbericht (Leipzig, 1873-1910).

F. Fedde, Repertorium novarum specierum regni vegetabilis (Berlin, 1906-1910).

Botanisches Centralblatt (Leiden, 1880-1910).

Société Botanique De France, Bulletin (Paris, 1854-1910).

Société Linnéenne De Paris, Bulletin (Paris, 1889-1899).

Muséum D’Histoire Naturelle, Bulletin (Paris, 1895-1910).

G. Beauverd, Bulletin de l’herbier Boissier, 2me série (Genéve, 1901-1908).

R. Pirotta, Annuario del istituto botanico di Roma (Milano, 1885-1908).

—Annali di Botanica (Roma, 1904-1910).

Sociedade Broteriana, Boletim (Coimbra, 1883-1910).

J. Lindley & Th. Moore, The treasury of botany (London, 1884).

J. C. Willis, A manual and dictionary of the flowering plants and ferns, 3. ed. (Cambridge, 1908).

J. Wiesner, Die Rohstoffe des Pflanzenreichs, 2. Aufl. (Leipzig, 1900).

G. Dragendorff, Die Heilpflanzen (Stuttgart, 1898).

L. Lewin, Lehrbuch der Toxikologie, 2. Aufl. (Wien, 1897).

F. Macmillan, A handbook of tropical gardening and planting (Colombo, 1910).

M. Woodrow, Gardening in the tropics (Paisley, 1910).

A. Voss, Vilmorin’s Blumengärtnerei (Berlin, 1896).

A. Moloney, Sketch of the forestry of West Africa (London, 1887).

J. H. Holland, The useful plants of Nigeria (London, 1908).

R. Sadebeck, Die Kulturgewächse der deutschen Kolonien (Jena, 1899).

J. L. De lanessan, Les plantes utiles des colonies françaises (Paris, 1886).

G. Niederlein, Ressources végétales des colonies françaises (Paris, 1902).

A. Sebire, Les plantes utiles du Senegal (Paris, 1899).

A. Chevalier, Les végétaux utiles de l’Afrique tropicale française (Paris, 1905-1910).

E. Heckel, Les plantes utiles de Madagascar (Paris, 1910).

L. Cuoco, Fauna e flora medica ed industriale della colonia Eritrea (Napoli, 1897).

C. De Ficalho, Plantas uteis da Africa portugueza (Lisboa, 1884).

B. D. Jackson, A glossary of botanic terms, 2. ed. (London, 1905).

TABLE OF CONTENTS

KEY TO THE FAMILIES
PAGE
Gymnospermae[1]
Monocotyledoneae[2]
Apetalae[6]
Choripetalae[18]
Sympetalae[49]
KEY TO THE GENERA
I. CYCADALES.
[1.] Cycadaceae[69]
II. CONIFERAE.
[2.] Taxaceae[70]
[3.] Pinaceae[70]
III. GNETALES.
[4.] Gnetaceae[71]
IV. MONOCOTYLEDONEAE.
Pandanales.
[5.] Typhaceae[72]
[6.] Pandanaceae[73]
[7.] Sparganiaceae[73]
Helobiae.
[8.] Potamogetonaceae[73]
[9.] Naiadaceae[75]
[10.] Aponogetonaceae[75]
[11.] Scheuchzeriaceae[75]
[12.] Alismataceae[75]
[13.] Butomaceae[77]
[14.] Hydrocharitaceae[77]
Triuridales.
[15.] Triuridaceae[78]
Glumiflorae.
[16.] Gramineae[79]
[17.] Cyperaceae[106]
Principes.
[18.] Palmae[110]
Spathiflorae.
[19.] Araceae[114]
[20.] Lemnaceae[119]
Farinosae.
[21.] Flagellariaceae[119]
[22.] Restionaceae[119]
[23.] Mayacaceae[120]
[24.] Xyridaceae[121]
[25.] Eriocaulaceae[121]
[26.] Rapateaceae[121]
[27.] Bromeliaceae[122]
[28.] Commelinaceae[122]
[29.] Pontederiaceae[123]
[30.] Cyanastraceae[124]
Liliiflorae.
[31.] Juncaceae[124]
[32.] Liliaceae[125]
[33.] Haemodoraceae[134]
[34.] Amaryllidaceae[135]
[35.] Velloziaceae[139]
[36.] Taccaceae[139]
[37.] Dioscoreaceae[140]
[38.] Iridaceae[140]
Scitamineae.
[39.] Musaceae[145]
[40.] Zingiberaceae[146]
[41.] Cannaceae[147]
[42.] Marantaceae[148]
Microspermae.
[43.] Burmanniaceae[149]
[44.] Orchidaceae[150]
V. DICOTYLEDONEAE.
ARCHICHLAMYDEAE.
Verticillatae.
[45.] Casuarinaceae[160]
Piperales.
[46.] Piperaceae[161]
Salicales.
[47.] Salicaceae[161]
Myricales.
[48.] Myricaceae[162]
Juglandales.
[49.] Juglandaceae[162]
Fagales.
[50.] Betulaceae[162]
[51.] Fagaceae[163]
Urticales.
[52.] Ulmaceae[163]
[53.] Moraceae[164]
[54.] Urticaceae[168]
Proteales.
[55.] Proteaceae[170]
Santalales.
[56.] Santalaceae[172]
[57.] Opiliaceae[173]
[58.] Grubbiaceae[173]
[59.] Olacaceae[173]
[60.] Octoknemataceae[175]
[61.] Loranthaceae[175]
[62.] Balanophoraceae[176]
Aristolochiales.
[63.] Aristolochiaceae[176]
[64.] Rafflesiaceae[177]
[65.] Hydnoraceae[177]
Polygonales.
[66.] Polygonaceae[177]
Centrospermae.
[67.] Chenopodiaceae[179]
[68.] Amarantaceae[182]
[69.] Nyctaginaceae[186]
[70.] Cynocrambaceae[187]
[71.] Phytolaccaceae[187]
[72.] Aizoaceae[188]
[73.] Portulacaceae[190]
[74.] Basellaceae[191]
[75.] Caryophyllaceae[191]
Ranales.
[76.] Nymphaeaceae[197]
[77.] Ceratophyllaceae[197]
[78.] Ranunculaceae[197]
[79.] Berberidaceae[199]
[80.] Memspermaceae[199]
[81.] Anonaceae[203]
[82.] Myristicaceae[206]
[83.] Monimiaceae[208]
[84.] Lauraceae[209]
[85.] Hernandiaceae[211]
Rhoeadales.
[86.] Papaveraceae[211]
[87.] Capparidaceae[213]
[88.] Cruciferae[216]
[89.] Resedaceae[228]
[90.] Moringaceae[229]
Sarraceniales.
[91.] Nepenthaceae[229]
[92.] Droseraceae[230]
Rosales.
[93.] Podostemonaceae[230]
[94.] Hydrostachyaceae[231]
[95.] Crassulaceae[232]
[96.] Saxifragaceae[233]
[97.] Pittosporaceae[235]
[98.] Cunoniaceae[235]
[99.] Myrothamnaceae[236]
[100.] Bruniaceae[236]
[101.] Hamamelidaceae[238]
[102.] Platanaceae[238]
[103.] Rosaceae[239]
[104.] Connaraceae[243]
[105.] Leguminosae[245]
Pandales.
[106.] Pandaceae[289]
Geraniales.
[107.] Geraniaceae[289]
[108.] Oxalidaceae[290]
[109.] Tropaeolaceae[291]
[110.] Linaceae[291]
[111.] Humiriaceae[292]
[112.] Erythroxylaceae[292]
[113.] Zygophyllaceae[293]
[114.] Cneoraceae[295]
[115.] Rutaceae[295]
[116.] Simarubaceae[299]
[117.] Burseraceae[301]
[118.] Meliaceae[302]
[119.] Malpighiaceae[306]
[120.] Polygalaceae[308]
[121.] Dichapetalaceae[309]
[122.] Euphorbiaceae[309]
[123.] Callitrichaceae[324]
Sapindales.
[124.] Buxaceae[324]
[125.] Empetraceae[325]
[126.] Coriariaceae[325]
[127.] Anacardiaceae[325]
[128.] Aquifoliaceae[329]
[129.] Celastraceae[329]
[130.] Hippocrateaceae[332]
[131.] Salvadoraceae[332]
[132.] Icacinaceae[333]
[133.] Aceraceae[335]
[134.] Sapindaceae[335]
[135.] Melianthaceae[342]
[136.] Balsaminaceae[343]
Rhamnales.
[137.] Rhamnaceae[343]
[138.] Vitaceae[345]
Malvales.
[139.] Elaeocarpaceae[347]
[140.] Chlaenaceae[347]
[141.] Tiliaceae[348]
[142.] Malvaceae[350]
[143.] Bombacaceae[353]
[144.] Sterculiaceae[354]
[145.] Scytopetalaceae[357]
Parietales.
[146.] Dilleniaceae[358]
[147.] Ochnaceae[359]
[148.] Theaceae[360]
[149.] Guttiferae[360]
[150.] Dipterocarpaceae[363]
[151.] Elatinaceae[363]
[152.] Frankeniaceae[363]
[153.] Tamaricaceae[364]
[154.] Cistaceae[365]
[155.] Bixaceae[365]
[156.] Cochlospermaceae[366]
[157.] Winteranaceae[366]
[158.] Violaceae[366]
[159.] Flacourtiaceae[367]
[160.] Turneraceae[373]
[161.] Passifloraceae[374]
[162.] Achariaceae[376]
[163.] Caricaceae[377]
[164.] Loasaceae[377]
[165.] Begoniaceae[377]
[166.] Ancistrocladaceae[378]
Opuntiales.
[167.] Cactaceae[378]
Myrtiflorae.
[168.] Geissolomataceae[379]
[169.] Penaeaceae[379]
[170.] Oliniaceae[380]
[171.] Thymelaeaceae[380]
[172.] Elaeagnaceae[383]
[173.] Lythraceae[383]
[174.] Sonneratiaceae[385]
[175.] Punicaceae[386]
[176.] Lecythidaceae[386]
[177.] Rhizophoraceae[387]
[178.] Alangiaceae[389]
[179.] Combretaceae[389]
[180.] Myrtaceae[391]
[181.] Melastomataceae[392]
[182.] Oenotheraceae[397]
[183.] Halorrhagaceae[399]
[184.] Cynomoriaceae[400]
Umbelliflorae.
[185.] Araliaceae[400]
[186.] Umbelliferae[401]
[187.] Cornaceae[414]
METACHLAMYDEAE.
Ericales.
[188.] Clethraceae[414]
[189.] Ericaceae[415]
Primulales.
[190.] Myrsinaceae[417]
[191.] Primulaceae[419]
[192.] Plumbaginaceae[420]
Ebenales.
[193.] Sapotaceae[421]
[194.] Hoplestigmataceae[424]
[195.] Ebenaceae[424]
[196.] Styracaceae[425]
Contortae.
[197.] Oleaceae[425]
[198.] Loganiaceae[427]
[199.] Gentianaceae[429]
[200.] Apocynaceae[432]
[201.] Asclepiadaceae[441]
Tubiflorae.
[202.] Convolvulaceae[457]
[203.] Hydrophyllaceae[462]
[204.] Borraginaceae[463]
[205.] Verbenaceae[467]
[206.] Labiatae[470]
[207.] Solanaceae[481]
[208.] Scrophulariaceae[483]
[209.] Bignoniaceae[495]
[210.] Pedaliaceae[498]
[211.] Martyniaceae[500]
[212.] Orobanchaceae[500]
[213.] Gesneraceae[500]
[214.] Lentibulariaceae[501]
[215.] Globulariaceae[502]
[216.] Acanthaceae[502]
[217.] Myoporaceae[515]
Plantaginales.
[218.] Plantaginaceae[515]
Rubiales.
[219.] Rubiaceae[516]
[220.] Caprifoliaceae[533]
[221.] Valerianaceae[534]
[222.] Dipsacaceae[534]
Campanulatae.
[223.] Cucurbitaceae[535]
[224.] Campanulaceae[541]
[225.] Goodeniaceae[544]
[226.] Compositae[544]
[Statistical Table][585]
[Glossary of Botanical Terms][591]
[Abbreviations of Authors’ Names][600]
[List of Popular Names][602]
[Additions and Corrections][607]
[Index][613]

LIST OF PLATES

To face page
[1.][Cycadaceae. Encephalartos Lemarinelianus De Wild. et Dur. ][70]
[2.][Pinaceae. Callitris cupressoides (L.) Schrad.][71]
[3.][Pandanaceae. Pandanus candelabrum Beauv.][72]
[4.][Potamogetonaceae. Potamogeton javanicus Hassk.][73]
[5.][Aponogetonaceae. Aponogeton leptostachyus E. Mey.][74]
[6.][Alismataceae. Limnophyton obtusifolium (L.) Miq.][75]
[7.][Hydrocharitaceae. Ottelia alismoides (L.) Pers.][78]
[8.][Gramineae. Chloris Gayana Kunth][79]
[9.][Cyperaceae. Kyllinga alba Nees][110]
[10.][Palmae. Raphia Laurentii De Wild.][111]
[11.][Palmae. Raphia Laurentii De Wild.][114]
[12.][Araceae. Amorphophallus gratus (Schott) N. E. Brown][115]
[13.][Restionaceae. Restio compressus Rottb.][120]
[14.][Xyridaceae. Xyris augustifolia De Wild. et Dur.][121]
[15.][Eriocaulaceae. Mesanthemum radicans (Benth.) Koern.][122]
[16.][Commelinaceae. Aneilema beninense Kunth][123]
[17.][Juncaceae. Prionium serratum Drege][124]
[18.][Liliaceae. Dracaena Perrotetii Bak.][125]
[19.][Amaryllidaceae. Crinum abyssinicum Hochst.][138]
[20.][Velloziaceae. Barbacenia aequatorialis Rendle][139]
[21.][Dioscoreaceae. Dioscorea dumetorum (Kunth) Pax.][140]
[22.][Iridaceae. Lapeyrousia Fabricii Ker.][141]
[23.][Musaceae. Strelitzia Reginae Banks ex Ait.][146]
[24.][Zingiberaceae. Aframomum Laurentii (De Wild. et Dur.) K. Schum.][147]
[25.][Marantaceae. Clinogyne arillata K. Schum.][148]
[26.][Orchidaceae. Listrostachys vesicata Reichb. f.][149]
[27.][Piperaceae. Piper guineense Schum.][160]
[28.][Salicaceae. Salix Safsaf Forsk.][161]
[29.][Myricaceae. Myrica conifera Burm. f.][162]
[30.][Ulmaceae. Trema guineensis Schum.][163]
[31.][Moraceae. Dorstenia elliptica Bureau][164]
[32.][Urticaceae. Fleurya aestuans Gaud.][165]
[33.][Proteaceae. Leucospermum conocarpum R. Br.][170]
[34.][Loranthaceae. Loranthus capitatus (Spreng.) Engl.][171]
[35.][Santalaceae. Osyris tenuifolia Engl.][172]
[36.][Opiliaceae. Opilia amentacea Roxb.][173]
[37.][Olacaceae. Olax Durandii Eng.][174]
[38.][Aristolochiaceae. Aristolochia bracteata Retz.][175]
[39.][Polygonaceae. Oxygonum sinuatum (Hochst. et Steud.) Benth. et Hook.][178]
[40.][Chenopodiaceae. Traganum nudatum Del.][179]
[41.][Amarantaceae. Achyranthes angustifolia Benth.][184]
[42.][Nyctaginaceae. Pisonia aculeata L.][185]
[43.][Aizoaceae. Trianthema pentandrum L.][190]
[44.][Portulacaceae. Talinum cuneifolium Willd.][191]
[45.][Caryophyllaceae. Polycarpaea linearifolia DC.][196]
[46.][Ranunculaceae. Anemone vesicatoria (L. f.) Prantl][197]
[47.][Menispermaceae. Cocculus Leaeba DC.][202]
[48.][Anonaceae. Anona senegalensis Pers.][203]
[49.][Myristicaceae. Pycnanthus Kombo (Baill.) Warb.][208]
[50.][Monimiaceae. Glossocalyx longicuspis Benth.][209]
[51.][Lauraceae. Ocotea bullata (Burch.) Benth.][210]
[52.][Papaveraceae. Trigonocapnos curvipes Schlecht.][211]
[53.][Cruciferae. Heliophila amplexicaulis L. f.][214]
[54.][Capparidaceae. Polanisia hirta (Klotzsch) Sond.][215]
[55.][Resedaceae. Oligomeris glaucescens Cambess.][228]
[56.][Droseraceae. Drosera Burkeana Planch.][229]
[57.][Podostemonaceae. Tristicha alternifolia Tul.][230]
[58.][Hydrostachyaceae. Hydrostachys multifida A. Juss.][231]
[59.][Crassulaceae. Kalanchoe laciniata DC.][232]
[60.][Saxifragaceae. Brexia madagascariensis Thouars][233]
[61.][Pittosporaceae. Pittosporum viridiflorum Sims][234]
[62.][Cunoniaceae. Weinmannia Hildebrandtii Baill.][235]
[63.][Bruniaceae. Raspalia microphylla (Thunb.) Brongn.][236]
[64.][Hamamelidaceae. Trichocladus ellipticus Eckl. et Zeyh.][237]
[65.][Rosaceae. Parinarium congoense Engl.][242]
[66.][Connaraceae. Connarus Smeathmannii DC.][243]
[67.][Leguminosae. Bauhinia macrantha Oliv.][288]
[68.][Geraniaceae. Monsonia biflora DC.][289]
[69.][Oxalidaceae. Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC.][290]
[70.][Linaceae. Hugonia acuminata Engl.][291]
[71.][Erythroxylaceae. Erythroxylon pictum E. Mey.][292]
[72.][Zygophyllaceae. Balanites aegyptiaca Del.][293]
[73.][Rutaceae. Agathosma ciliata Link][298]
[74.][Simarubaceae. Irvingia Barter Hook. f.][299]
[75.][Burseraceae. Pachylobus edulis G. Don][302]
[76.][Meliaceae. Trichilia retusa Oliv.][303]
[77.][Malpighiaceae. Acridocarpus macrocalyx Engl.][306]
[78.][Polygalaceae. Securidaca longepedunculata Fresen.][307]
[79.][Dichapetalaceae. Dichapetalum leucosepalum Ruhl.][308]
[80.][Euphorbiaceae. Phyllanthus floribundus Muell. Arg.][309]
[81.][Anacardiaceae. Lannea Schimperi (Hochst.) Engl.][328]
[82.][Celastraceae. Elaeodendron croceum (Thunb.) DC.][329]
[83.][Hippocrateaceae. Salacia Dusenii Loesen][332]
[84.][Icacinaceae. Apodytes dimidiata E. Mey.][333]
[85.][Sapindaceae. Deinbollia pycnophylla Gilg][340]
[86.][Melianthaceae. Bersama abyssinica Fresen.][341]
[87.][Balsaminaceae. Impatiens capensis Thunb.][342]
[88.][Rhamnaceae. Ventilago leiocarpa Benth.][343]
[89.][Vitaceae. Cissus cirrhosa (Thunb.) Planch.][346]
[90.][Chlaenaceae. Leptochlaena multiflora Thouars][347]
[91.][Tiliaceae. Grewia occidentalis L.][350]
[92.][Malvaceae. Pavonia praemorsa Willd.][351]
[93.][Bombacaceae. Bombax lukayensis De Wild. et Dur.][354]
[94.][Sterculiaceae. Dombeya Bruceana A. Rich.][355]
[95.][Scytopetalaceae. Rhaptopetalum sessilifolium Engl.][358]
[96.][Dilleniaceae. Tetracera alnifolia Willd.][359]
[97.][Ochnaceae. Ochna Hoepfneri Engl. et Gilg][360]
[98.][Theaceae. Visnea Mocanera L. f.][361]
[99.][Guttiferae. Allanblackia floribunda Oliv.][362]
[100.][Elatinaceae. Bergia suffruticosa (Del.) Fenzl][363]
[101.][Tamaricaceae. Tamarix senegalensis DC.][364]
[102.][Cistaceae. Cistus heterophyllus Desf.][365]
[103.][Violaceae. Rinorea gracilipes Engl.][366]
[104.][Flacourtiaceae. Flacourtia Ramontchi L’Her.][367]
[105.][Turneraceae. Wormskioldia lobate Urb.][374]
[106.][Passifloraceae. Adenia lobata (Jacq.) Engl.][375]
[107.][Begoniaceae. Begonia Favargeri Rechinger][378]
[108.][Penaeaceae. Sarcocolla squamosa (L.) Kunth][379]
[109.][Thymelaeaceae. Lachnaea filamentosa (L. f.) Gilg][382]
[110.][Lythraceae. Nesaea floribunda Sond.][383]
[111.][Lecythidaceae. Barringtonia racemosa (L.) Blume][386]
[112.][Rhizophoraceae. Weihea africana Benth.][387]
[113.][Combretaceae. Combretum racemosum Beauv.][390]
[114.][Myrtaceae. Eugenia natalitia Sond.][391]
[115.][Melastomataceae. Dissotis capitata (Vahl) Hook. f.][396]
[116.][Oenotheraceae. Jussieua linifolia Vahl][397]
[117.][Halorrhagaceae. Laurembergia repens Berg][400]
[118.][Araliaceae. Cussonia spicata Thunb.][401]
[119.][Umbelliferae. Annesorrhiza capensis Cham. et Schlechtd.][414]
[120.][Ericaceae. Philippia Chamissonis Klotzsch][415]
[121.][Myrsinaceae. Maesa lanceolata Forsk.][418]
[122.][Primulaceae. Ardisiandra sibthorpioides Hook.][419]
[123.][Plumbaginaceae. Dyerophyton africanum (Lam.) O. Ktze.][420]
[124.][Sapotaceae. Mimusops Kummel Bruce][421]
[125.][Ebenaceae. Maba buxifolia (Rottb.) Pers.][424]
[126.][Oleaceae. Schrebera alata Welw.][425]
[127.][Loganiaceae. Nuxia Autunesii Gilg][428]
[128.][Gentianaceae. Chironia transvaalensis Gilg][429]
[129.][Apocynaceae. Clitandra Arnoldiana De Wild.][440]
[130.][Asclepiadaceae. Tacazzea venosa (Hochst.) Decne][441]
[131.][Convolvulaceae. Jacquemontia capitata Don][462]
[132.][Borraginaceae. Cordia senegalensis Juss.][463]
[133.][Verbenaceae. Clerodendron formicarum Guerke][470]
[134.][Labiatae. Plectranthus madagascariensis Benth.][471]
[135.][Solanaceae. Discopodium penninervium Hochst.][482]
[136.][Scrophulariaceae. Chaenostoma Burkeanum (Benth.) Wettst.][483]
[137.][Bignoniaceae. Kigelia aethiopica Decne][496]
[138.][Pedaliaceae. Sesamum angolense Welw.][497]
[139.][Orobanchaceae. Cistanche lutea Link et Hoffmsg.][500]
[140.][Gesneraceae. Streptocarpus Cooperi Clarke][501]
[141.][Lentibulariaceae. Utricularia livida E. Mey.][502]
[142.][Acanthaceae. Justicia matammensis (Schweinf.) Lindau][503]
[143.][Plantaginaceae. Plantago palmata Hook. f.][516]
[144.][Rubiaceae. Pavetta lasiorrhachis K. Schum.][517]
[145.][Caprifoliaceae. Viburnum rugosum Pers.][532]
[146.][Valerianaceae. Valeriana capensis Vahl][533]
[147.][Dipsacaceae. Cephalaria rigida (Spreng.) Schrad.][534]
[148.][Cucurbitaceae. Momordica Charantia L.][535]
[149.][Campanulaceae. Lightfootia subulata L’Her.][544]
[150.][Compositae. Vernonia Baumii O. Hoffm.][545]