The Railway Conquest of the World

by Frederick Arthur Ambrose Talbot

INDEX

• ABT system of grading, [255], [307]
• Abu Hamed, [154]
• Aconcagua Peak, [128], [274]
• —— River, [277]
• Acre, Bay of, [122]
• Adelaide, [184], [190]
• Adelsköld, Mme. Gustafva, [260]
• —- Major C., [260–62]
• Adhesion traction, [217]
• Africa, railways of, [79], [139–61]
• —— Cape to Cairo railway, [139–61]
• —— Central, railways of, [281–8]
• —— French West, [145]
• —— German East, [150]
• —— —— South-West, [79]
• —— Portuguese East, [281], [282]
• ——- South, the war, [155]
• —— —— gold-fields, [301]
• Air-brakes, [313]
• Airolo, [33], [35], [41], [42], [44]
• Akasha, [153]
• Alaska, [162]
• —— reclamation of, [102–16]
• Albany, [187]
• Albert Nyanza, Lake, [151], [161]
• Alexandria, [154], [158], [159]
• Allahabad, [252]
• —— -Fyzerbad railway, [252]
• Allan, Sir Hugh, [225]
• Alps, the, [162–3], [170]
• —— the Southern, [194]
• Amarillo Gorge, [274]
• Amazon River, [129], [270]
• America, South—
• First trans-continental railway, [270]
• Laissez-faire attitude, [14]
• Survey work, [9–11]
• World’s highest line, [128–38]
• American Civil War, the, [309]
• American railway interests, [155], [183], [293], [300]
• Amur railway, the, [201], [211], [212]
• —— Valley, [209]
• Andermatt, village of, [42]
• Anderson, Messrs. J. & A., [195]
• Andes, the, [9], [128–9], [134], [135], [137], [177], [270], [271], [272], [274], [277], [278]
• —— Trans-andine railway, [270], [274]
• Animas Canyon, [170]
• Antofagasta railway, [136], [279]
• Arab raiders, [119], [126–7]
• Arabia, deserts of, [117]
• Argentina-Chile peace, [275]
• Arica, [279]
• Arkansas River, [164]
• Arlberg Tunnel, the, [88–9], [94], [95]
• Armstrong, Sir W. G., [200], [206]
• Arnold, Bion, [56]
• Asia Minor, [122]
• Assling, [97]
• Assuan, [158]
• Atbara, [154], [159]
• —— Bridge, [154], [156], [157]
• —— River, [154]
• Atlin, [111]
• Auckland, [194]
• Auspoint, [94]
• Australasia, railways of, [175–97]
• Australia, South—
• Railways, [184–5]
• Survey work, [191–3]
• Australia, West—
• Railways, [176], [186], [187], [189]
• Survey work, [190–92]
• Trans-continental scheme, [190–191]
• Water-supply, [187–9], [190–91]
• Austria, railway enterprise, [88], [90], [95]
• Avers Platz, [163]
• “Azure Dragon,” the, [289], [296]
• Baden-Zurich railway, [31]
• Bahia Honda, [248]
• Baikal, Lake, [150], [200], [206], [207]
• —— railway, [201]
• Baker, Sir Benjamin, [293–4]
• Baldwin Company of Philadelphia, [217]
• Baltic Sea, ice-breakers, [206]
• Barrow, F. W., [215]
• Bathurst, [177]
• Batignolles, [303–4]
• Batn-el-Ghoul, the, [124]
• Beacon Hill Tunnel, [300–301]
• Beckwourth Pass, [317]
• Bedouin, the, [118–21], [126–7]
• Beira, [284]
• Beirut, [122]
• Beit, Alfred, [149]
• Belgian railway interests, [150–51], [295], [299], [300]
• Bell, J. B., [252]
• Bennett, Lake, [108–9]
• Bennett, Mr., [26–7]
• Bergen, [262], [263], [267], [269]
• Bergen-Christiania line, [263–9]
• Bergsund, [261]
• Biaschina Gorge, [43]
• “Big Hill,” [217], [218], [231–2]
• Biwa Lake, [305]
• Blackwall Tunnel, [55]
• Blanc, Mont, [128]
• Blantyre, [282], [283], [287]
• Bluden, [90]
• Blue Nile, the, [156–7]
• Bodin, Georges, [303]
• Bogie principle, [78]
• Bolivia, railways of, [279–80]
• Borneo, British North, [4]
• Bossi, engineer, [42]
• Boulder River Canyon, [172]
• Box Tunnel, [23]
• Boxer Rebellion, the, [299]
• Bozeman Tunnel, [310–11]
• Bramstone Tunnel, [24]
• Brandt hydraulic drills, [89–90], [98], [265]
• Bray Head, [23–5]
• Brazil—
• Brazilian-Portuguese labourers, [223]
• Configuration, [216]
• Leopoldina system, [214–23]
• “Bridge Line,” New Zealand, [196–7]
• Bridges—
• Girder, [221]
• Rack system, [221]
• Steel, [260]
• Bristen Tunnel, [44]
• British and Chinese Corporation, [296], [300]
• British Central Africa Co., [282]
• —— Columbia, [110], [224], [239]
• —— North Borneo, [4]
• Broken Hill, [147], [149], [150]
• Bromma, [267]
• Brunel, work in Ireland, [22–5]
• Buenos Aires and Pacific railway, [270]
• Buffalo, [55], [70–71]
• Bukana, [151]
• Buluwayo, [141], [142]
• Burma, Gokteik Viaduct, [250]
• —— Railway Co., [254]
• —— Upper, bridges, [254]
• Butte, [312]
• Cairo, [139], [150], [151], [158]
• Caissons, [182–3]
• California, the gold rush to, [60], [69]
• Callao, [129], [130], [138]
• Camels, transport by, [190–2]
• Campos, [221]
• Canada—
• Eastern, the railway in, [225]
• Fighting gangs, [28]
• First trans-continental, [224–39]
• Muskeg country, [18], [226–9]
• Canadian Pacific railway, [316–17]
• “Big Hill,” [217], [218], [231–2]
• Chinese labour on, [15]
• Eagle Pass, [238]
• Gold Range, [238]
• Government aid, [225–6]
• Kicking Horse Pass, [232–4]
• Muskeg country, difficulties, [226–9]
• Selkirk Range, [234–8]
• Cantilever principle, [144], [239]
• Canton, [299], [300]
• —— -Kowloon railway, [295], [299–301]
• Cape of Good Hope, [212]
• Cape to Cairo railway—
• Northwards from Cape Town, [139–51]
• Southwards from Cairo, [152–61]
• Cape Town, [139], [141], [145], [147], [150], [161]
• Carnarvon, [79]
• Cascade Range—
• Grading, [21], [321]
• Snowsheds, [24]
• Tunnelling, [25], [27], [193], [313–14], [321]
• “Catch points,” [231]
• Cathedral Mountain, [233]
• Cenis Tunnel, [31–2], [35], [36], [88–90], [217]
• Central Otago railway, [196–7]
• Central Pacific railway, [63], [65], [70], [198], [315]
• Central railway of Peru, [136]
• Central Siberian railway, [200], [203]
• Champlain and St. Lawrenc railway, [46]
• —— Lake, [46]
• Chang-Tien-Yow, [297]
• Chat Moss, [17]
• Chenab River, [252]
• Chepstow bridge, [23]
• Cheyennes, the, [67–8]
• Chicago, [54], [58], [241], [318]
• —— & North-Western railway, [162]
• —— Milwaukee & Puget Sound line, [308], [318–22]
• —— Milwaukee & St. Paul railway, [318], [319]
• Chichli, [291]
• Chicla, [135]
• Chikwawa, [282]
• Chile, [274–5]
• Chilian labour, [277]
• Chilkoot Pass, [104]
• China—
• Early days in, [289–96]
• Eastern Chinese railways, [211]
• Frontier, [198], [211–13]
• Mileage of railways, [289], [307]
• Modern developments, [297–307]
• Trade guilds, [15], [16]
• Chinde, [281], [282], [284]
• Chinese labourers, [14–16], [69], [210], [212]
• Chinook, the, [103], [317]
• Chiromo, [283], [285], [286], [287]
• Chisso, workman, [42]
• Chosica, [130]
• Christchurch, [194]
• Christiania, [262–4], [269]
• Christo Redentor, statue of, [275]
• Chungzoune River, [255], [257], [258]
• Circum-Baikal line, [204–9]
• Cleveland Engineering & Bridge-building Co., [144], [157]
• Col de Fréjus. See [Cenis Tunnel]
• Colladon, Prof., [36]
• Collie district, [186–7]
• Colorado, mountains of, [162–3]
• Columbia River, [6], [28], [234], [250], [308], [309], [322]
• Congo Free State, [149]
• —— River, [150], [151]
• Congolo, [151]
• Constantinople, [122]
• Coolgardie—
• Condensing plant, [188–9]
• Gold rush, [186], [187]
• Railway enterprise, [190–91]
• Cooper, Fenimore, The Pathfinder, [66]
• Cordilleras, the, [128], [129], [130], [132], [274]
• “Corduroying,” [18]
• Corean labour, [212]
• Corkscrew grading, [124–5], [233]
• Cornwall, [22]
• Council Bluffs, [62], [63], [65]
• Cragellachie, [238]
• Cromer, Lord, [152]
• Cuba, trade, [240–41]
• Cumbres Pass, [169]
• Curzon railway bridge (Allahabad), [252–4]
• Dakota, North, [229], [320]
• Dallas, [170]
• Dalnaspiel, [173]
• Dalwhinnie, [173]
• Damascus, [117], [118], [121], [122]
• —— Repairing works at, [126]
• Darling Mountains, [189]
• —— Range, [186], [188], [189]
• —— —— Upper, [187]
• Darlington, [144]
• Dartmoor, [173]
• Dawson, [103], [111]
• Deane, Henry, M.I.C.E., [180–81], [191]
• Denver, [171], [172], [174]
• —— & Rio Grande railway, [8], [162], [163], [314]
• Deraa, [122], [123]
• —— River, [122]
• Dervishes, [153], [156]
• Des Moines, [65]
• Deuchars, G., [257]
• Dhorabhave River, [250]
• —— Viaduct, [250]
• Diamondopolis, [141]
• Dickson, Norman B., M.I.C.E., [215], [218–23]
• Dinas, [79]
• Dovrejelf Range, [263–4]
• Drave River, [94]
• Dublin & South-Eastern railway, [23]
• Dufile, [160–61]
• Dunedin, [196]
• Durant, Thomas C., [60], [62], [65], [70]
• Dyaks, [5]
• Eagle Pass, [7], [238]
• —— River Canyon, [171]
• East Indian railway, [250]
• Eastern Chinese railways, [211]
• Edward, King, Victoria Bridge opened by, [51]
• Egypt—
• British penetration, [119]
• Railways in, [152–3]
• Eiffel Tower, [169]
• Ekaterinburg, [199]
• El Misti, [137]
• El Obeid, [157]
• Electric drills, [96], [100]
• Electrical system, single-phase alternating current, [56]
• Elizabethville, [150]
• Elswick, [200]
• Ermak, ice-breaker, [206]
• Espirito Santo, [214]
• Euphrates Valley, [123]
• “Everglades, The,” [241–6], [249]
• Fades Viaduct, [145]
• Fairbanks, [112]
• Favre, L., [34], [39], [40], [42]
• Feather River, [316]
• —— River Canyon, [316], [318]
• Fell system, the, [217]
• Festiniog Toy railway, [76–79], [81]
• Field, [231]
• “Fighting gang,” [28]
• Fires, forest, [235–6]
• Fjeldberg, [264]
• Flagler, Henry, [240], [241], [249]
• “Flagler’s Folly,” [242], [249]
• Flat Creek Viaduct, [197]
• Floods, [219–20], [251]
• Florida East Coast railway, [240–49]
• Formosa, [291]
• Fort Augusta, [190]
• —— Johnston, [287]
• Fox, Sir Douglas, and Partners, [285]
• Foxwood Tunnel, [23]
• France, railway interests, [295], [299], [301–14]
• Fraser, James, M.I.C.E., [181–2]
• —— River Canyon, [239]
• Fremantle, [193]
• Fremont Pass, [168–9]
• Fritsch, Prof., [33]
• Fung Shui, influence of, [289], [296]
• Galera Tunnel, [135–6], [138], [274]
• Gales, Robert R., M.I.C.E., [253]
• Galilee, Sea of, [123]
• Ganges, bridges, [252], [253]
• Garry, Fort, [224]
• Gauges—
• Metre, [215]
• Narrow-gauge system, [78], [105], [111]
• Standard, [267]
• Uniform, need for, [176]
• Wide, [48]
• Gellivare iron mines, [260]
• Gelpke, M. O., C.E., [33]
• Geraldton, [186], [187], [188], [189]
• German railway interests, [33], [295]
• Girouard, Sir Percy, [153]
• Gjeilo, [268]
• Gloggnitz, [92]
• Godavari Bridge, [250]
• —— River, [250]
• Gokteik Viaduct, [250], [254–9]
• Gold Range, the, [6], [238]
• Gold rush to—
• California, [60]
• Colorado, [163]
• Klondyke, [103], [110]
• San Francisco, [65]
• Golden Gate, the, [63], [65]
• —— Horn, [64]
• Gondoroko, [158], [160]
• Göschenen, [35], [41]
• Göta Bridge, [260–62]
• —— River, [260–61]
• Gothenburg, [262]
• Gould, Jay, [47]
• Goz Abu Guma, [157]
• Grading, Corkscrew, [43], [124–5], [195], [233]
• —— Switchback, [219]
• —— Zigzag, [177–81], [187], [219]
• Grand Trunk railway, [48], [54], [58], [143]
• Grand Trunk Railway Co., [47]
• Grant, General, [68–9]
• Grattoni, engineer, [32]
• Gravehals Tunnel, [264–6]
• Great Britain, railway interests, [91], [104], [144], [147], [154–5], [157], [214–23], [254], [276], [295], [300]
• —— Lakes, the, [47], [58], [162], [311]
• —— Northern railway, [21], [308], [311–14]
• —— Salt Lake, [70]
• —— Wall of China, [297], [298]
• —— Western railway, [173]
• —— “Zigzag,” the, [179–80]
• Greymouth, [194]
• Guilds, Chinese, [15], [16]
• Gulf Stream, [103]
• Gwaai River, [142]
• “Hadj,” the, [117]
• Haifa, [122]
• Halfa, [158]
• Hamilton, [47], [48]
• Hand-signalling, [202]
• Hanging Bridge, the, [164–7], [109]
• Hankow, [299–301]
• Harbin, [293], [299]
• Harriman, E. H., [28–9], [72]
• Harte, Bret, [70]
• Havana, [241]
• Hawkesbury Bridge, [182]
• —— River, [182]
• Head hunters, [4]
• Hector, [231]
• Hedjaz Peninsula, [123]
• —— railway, [117–27]
• Hellgate Canyon, [311]
• Hellwag, M., [40–42], [195]
• Hereros rebellion, the, [81–2], [84], [85]
• Heritier, Grand Duke, [200]
• High Nile level, [158]
• Hill, James J., [28], [29], [185], [311]
• Hindoos—
• As traders, [287]
• Daily wage, [13], [14]
• Hoang-ho River, [271]
• Hobson, G. A., [144], [147]
• —— Joseph, [54]
• Hodges, James, [50]
• Hollenburger River, [94]
• —— Viaduct, [95]
• Holy railway to Mecca, [117–27]
• Hooghley River, [250–51]
• Horn, Cape, [60], [63], [65], [128], [129]
• Horne, W. C. Van, [236], [237]
• Hudson Bay, [224], [234]
• —— —— Trading Co., [308]
• Humboldt River territory, [317]
• Huntington, Collis P., [59], [60], [62], [65], [72], [308]
• Huron, Lake, [54]
• Huvudnas Falls, [260]
• Hydraulic drills (Brandt), [88–90], [98], [265]
• —— shield, the, [54], [89]
• —— sluicing, [20–21], [321–2]
• Ibex, [163]
• Icebreakers, [200], [206–7]
• Ichine River, [202]
• Illecillewaet River, [238]
• Implements, [16]
• Inca, [274]
• India—
• British, railway bridges, [250–59]
• Rivers of, [250–51]
• Indians—
• Missouri, [64–9], [312]
• Pawnee, friendly, [66], [68]
• Rising, 1876–77, [310]
• Sioux, [67]
• Trails, [234], [316]
• Indus, [250]
• Infiernillo Bridge, [134]
• Innsbruck, [90]
• International Conference, the, [40]
• Ireland, Brunel’s work, [23–5]
• Irkutsk, [200], [201], [205]
• Irtych River, [201–3]
• Isonzo Gorge, [97]
• Italy, railway interests, [33], [35], [82–85], [217]
• Ito, Prince, [305]
• Iwakura, Prince, [306]
• Japan—
• Modern developments, [297–307]
• Sea of, Insular railway, [305]
• South, rebellion in, [305]
• Jardine, Matheson & Co., Messrs., [290], [291], [295–6]
• “Jaws of Death,” the, [237]
• Johnson, Edwin F., [309]
• Jordan, River, [122], [123]
• Jubilee Bridge across the Hooghly, [250], [251]
• Judah, Theodore D., [61–4], [316]
• Julian Alps, the, [93], [97]
• Jumna River, [253]
• Kafue Bridge, [147]
• —— River, [147]
• Kaisim Pasha, [119–21]
• Kalgoorlie, [190], [192]
• Kalomo, [145–6]
• Karawanken railway, [94–8]
• —— Range, [93], [95]
• —— Tunnel, [95], [198]
• Katanga, [149]
• Kerma, [153]
• Key, Grassy, [247]
• —— Long, [247]
• —— West, [241], [246]
• Keys, the, [242], [247], [248–9]
• Khabarovsk, [201], [211], [212]
• Khartoum, [153], [156], [158], [160]
• —— Bridge, [157]
• Khilkoff, Prince M. I., [207–8]
• Kicking Horse Pass, [225], [230], [232–4], [316]
• Kilsby Ridge, [19]
• —— Tunnel, [19]
• Kimberley, [141]
• Kinambla Valley, [181]
• Kinder, C. W., [292], [297]
• Kindu, [151]
• Kioto-Otsu line, [306]
• Kitchener, Lord—
• Australian railways, on, [190], [193]
• Expedition against the Mahdi, [153–4]
• Kituta, [149–50]
• Kivu, Lake, [150]
• Klagenfurt, [94]
• Klaus, [94]
• “Klondike,” [103], [108], [110–11]
• Knight’s Key, [249]
• Kobe, [305]
• Kobe-Osaka line, [305]
• Koppel, Arthur, [80]
• Kotlass, [212]
• Kowloon, [299], [300]
• Krasnoiarsk, [199], [200], [207]
• Krems Valley, [94]
• La Paz, [136], [279–80]
• La Prairie, [46], [58]
• Labour—
• Brazilian Portugee, the, [223]
• Cape to Cairo, native record day’s work, [145–6]
• Chilian, [277]
• Chinese, [12–16], [223], [301]
• Female, [301]
• Indian coolie, [293]
• Italian, [82–5]
• Siberian exile, [210], [212]
• Landore Viaduct, [22]
• Land’s End, [244]
• Landslides, [138], [219–20]
• Lan-ho Bridge, [293–4]
• —— River, [293]
• Lansdowne Bridge, [250]
• Lao-Chay, [302]
• Las Cuevas, [274], [275]
• Lawley, A. L., [147]
• Lay, H. N., [304]
• Leadville, [163–4], [168–9]
• Lebarge, Lake, [104]
• Leopoldina railway, the, [214–23]
• Leslie, Sir Bradford, K.C.I.E., M.I.C.E., [251], [282–3], [287]
• Lewis & Clark, Messrs., [308]
• Li-Hung-Chang, [291–2], [295]
• Limbi, [287]
• “Limited,” the, on “Big Hill,” [231–2]
• Linz, [94]
• Lithgow Valley, [178]
• “Little Wonder,” the, [77]
• Liverpool, [208]
• —— & Manchester railway, [46]
• Livingstone, [139]
• Lobengula, [141]
• London & North-Western railway, [17], [76]
• —— to Vancouver in the ’fifties, [224]
• Los Andes, [270], [277]
• Lott, Julius, [89]
• Lucerne, Lake of, [43]
• Luchenza River, [286]
• Lucin Cut-off, the, [71–5]
• Ma’an, [122–4]
• “Machilla,” [283]
• Madras North-East line, [250]
• Mafeking, [141]
• Mahdi, the, [119], [152]
• —— Kitchener’s expedition, [153–4]
• —— Terms made with, [139]
• Mahommedanism, the Holy railway, [117–27]
• Maidenhead Bridge, [23]
• Makatote Gorge, [195]
• —— Viaduct, [195–6]
• Mallet locomotives, [297]
• Manchester & Liverpool railway, [17]
• Manchuria, [211], [212]
• Marshall Pass, [168]
• Mashonaland, [141]
• Matabele, the, [141]
• Matecumbe, Upper and Lower, [247]
• Matucana, [134]
• Maua, [216]
• Mecca, [121]
• —— the Holy railway to, [117–27]
• Mechanical percussion rock-drill, [36]
• Medina, [117], [126]
• —— -Saleh, [125]
• Meiggs, Henry, [129], [130–32], [133–135], [270]
• “Meiggs’ V-switch,” [130–32], [135–270]
• —— The “zigzag” system, [177]
• Meissner Pasha, H., [121], [124–6]
• Melbourne, [184], [190]
• Menai Straits Bridge, [50]
• Mendoza, [270], [273], [275]
• —— River, [271–2], [274]
• Meredith, J. O., [243–4]
• Metcalfe, Sir Charles, Bart., [145–146], [285]
• Metre-gauge, [263], [267]
• Mexican Central, the, [3]
• Mexico, [162]
• —— Native labour, [13]
• —— Gulf of, [240], [246–8]
• Miami, [240–41], [249]
• —— to Havana, Key West, [241–9]
• Miasma, [242–4]
• Midland railway (W.A.), [187], [189]
• Minaes, [214]
• Minnesota, [318]
• Mississippi River—
• Bridges, [250]
• Scouring of the, [252]
• Missouri River, [61], [62], [64], [66], [250], [309], [312], [319], [322]
• “Mixed trains,” [294]
• Mjolfjeld, [268]
• Moberly, Walter, [6], [238]
• Moffatt, David H. M., [171], [172]
• “Moffatt” road, the, [162], [163]
• Mollendo, [136], [271], [279]
• Mongolia, beasts of burden from, [211]
• Mont Cenis “Fell” railway, [217]
• Montana, [229], [320]
• —— Hellgate Canyon, [311]
• —— Mineral wealth, [312]
• Montreal, railway enterprise in, [46–8]
• —— to Vancouver, [224]
• Morell, E., [305], [306]
• Morrison, G. J., [290]
• Mountain railways, the first, [91–2]
• —— sickness, [9], [136]
• Mouraviev-Amoursky, Count, [198]
• Mowbridge, [320]
• M’Swadzi River, [286]
• Mud-slides, [237]
• Muir, John, [190–91]
• Mukden, [293], [299]
• Muktar Bey, [126]
• Mules, Andine, [280]
• Mullan Tunnel, [311]
• Munich, [93], [101]
• Murchison Falls, [282]
• —— gold-fields, [188]
• Murzzuschlag, [92]
• Myssovaia, [201], [206]
• Naihati, [250]
• Namiti Gorge, [302–4]
• —— Valley, [302]
• Nanking, [296]
• Nankow Pass, [297–8]
• Naoyetsu, [307]
• Natal railways, [140], [155]
• Neccaraviglia, workman, [42]
• Nevada, [61]
• New South Wales railways, [176–84], [186], [219]
• —— York, [46], [59], [60], [155], [240], [241], [255]
• —— York to San Francisco, [15]
• —— Zealand railways, [193–7]
• Niagara Falls, [57]
• —— River suspension bridge, [57–58], [143]
• Nicholas II., [200]
• Nictheroy, [216]
• Nijneoudinsk, [199]
• Nikolsk, [212]
• Nile River, [154]
• —— Blue, [156–7]
• —— Expedition, 1885–6, [153]
• —— High level, [158]
• Nile Rapids, [160–61]
• —— steamers, [158]
• —— White Nile, [157–8], [160]
• —— Valley, [150], [152]
• Nippon Railway Co., [306]
• North Island (N.Z.) Trunk railway, [194]
• North, Major Frank J., [66–8]
• North Wales Narrow Gauge railway, [76–87]
• Northampton (W.A.), [187]
• Northern Pacific railway, [308–11]
• —— crisis, [239]
• Northern railway (W.A.), [188]
• North-Western State railway, [252]
• Norway, [260]
• —— Trans-Norwegian railway, [262]
• Norwegian Eastern railway system, [267]
• Nyasa, Lake, [282], [287]
• Nyasaland—
• Negroes, [283]
• Railways, [281–8]
• Oakland, [315]
• Ober Villach, [101]
• Obi, [200]
• —— River, [201–3], [205]
• Ofoten, [260]
• Ogden, [75]
• Okuma, Count, [305]
• Omaha, [65], [68], [312]
• Omaruru, [82], [85], [87]
• Omdurman, [153], [154], [157]
• Omsk, [199]
• Ontario, Lake, [54], [57]
• Oodnadatta, [184]
• Opcina Tunnel, [97]
• Ophir Loop, [170–71]
• —— Mountain, [170]
• Orange Free State, [140]
• Oregon railways, [28–9]
• Orenburg, [199]
• Oriental Bank, [305]
• Oroville, [314], [316]
• Oroya, [136]
• —— line, [129–38], [177], [271]
• Osaka, [305]
• Osgood, J. O., [166–7]
• Ossouri railway, [201]
• Otago, [196]
• —— Central railway, [196–7]
• Otavi line, the, [79]
• —— the new “Copperado,” [79]
• Otira Gorge, [194], [195]
• —— Tunnel, [194–5]
• Otsu, [305]
• Ottoman Government, the, and the Bedouin, [118], [119]
• Ouguati, [82]
• Ovambo coolies, [83–4]
• “Overland Limited,” the, [75]
• “Overland Route,” [65–6], [71], [317]
• Pacific Central railway, [63], [65], [70], [198], [315]
• —— railway surveys, [309]
• —— Western railway, [308], [314–18]
• Pæons, [13]
• Palestine, [117], [119], [123]
• Panama, Isthmus of, [65], [240]
• Parahybuna River, [221]
• Paramatta, [176]
• Parisian Société de Construction des Batignolles, [303–4]
• Parkes, Sir Harry, [304–5]
• Pauling & Co., Messrs., [141]
• Pawnee Indians, [66], [68]
• Payment in kind, [287–8]
• Paznaun Valley, [90]
• Pears, A. G., [288]
• Pehtang, [291]
• Pekin, [296], [298–9]
• —— -Hankow railway, [299]
• —— -Kalgan railway, [295], [297]
• —— -Nanking railway, [296]
• Pennsylvania Steel Co., [254], [255–9]
• Penrith, [177]
• Pequop Range, [72], [317]
• Perth (W.A.), [187–9]
• Peru, [129]
• Peruvian Central railway, [136]
• —— Corporation of London, [135]
• —— Southern railway, [279]
• Peto, Betts & Brassey, Messrs., [47], [49], [52]
• Petropavlovsk, [199]
• Petropolis, [216], [221]
• “Phantom Curve,” [169]
• Placer River Valley, [113]
• Poncha, [168]
• Ponthierville, [151]
• Port Herald, [281], [282], [283], [284], [286], [287]
• —— Sudan, [160]
• Portland, Atlantic Coast, [29], [48]
• Portmadoc, [76]
• Portugal, railway interests, [295]
• Princeton, Dartmoor, [173]
• Promontory Range, [70], [71]
• Pueblo, [164], [171]
• —— and Arkansas railway, [164–7]
• —— to Leadville, [168]
• Puget Sound, [309], [318]
• Pullman car, the, on the Hedjaz railway, [126]
• Puno, [136], [279]
• Puy de Dôme, [145]
• Pyrhn Pass, [94]
• —— railway, [94]
• Queensland railways, [176], [182], [184]
• Rack system, the, [216], [221], [255], [273], [274], [277], [279], [307]
• Rainhill, [46]
• Raiz da Serra, [216]
• Rangoon, [255]
• Red Sea, the, [123], [158], [159]
• Reinunga Tunnel, [266–7]
• Rejaf, [160–61]
• Resurrection Bay, [112]
• Reuss River, [35]
• Rhodes, Cecil—
• Cape to Cairo railway, [139–61]
• Death of, [149]
• Rhodesia, [141], [284]
• —— North-West, [145]
• Riggenbach system, the, [216]
• Rimac River, [130]
• Rinderpest, [141], [211]
• Rio de Janeiro, [214], [215]
• —— Bay of, [216–17]
• “Rio de las animas perdidas,” [170]
• “Riviera of America,” [249]
• Roa, [267], [269]
• Robinson, A. A., the Hanging Bridge, [165–7]
• “Rocket,” Stephenson’s, [46]
• Rockhampton, [190], [193]
• Rocky Mountains, the, [68], [136], [162], [164], [167–9], [170], [172], [173], [193], [230], [231], [312–13]
• —— avalanches, [5], [6]
• —— Bozeman Tunnel, [310–11]
• —— Mullan Tunnel, [311]
• Rogers, Major A. B., [234]
• Rogers’ Pass, [234]
• Rollins Pass, [163], [173–4]
• Rosenbach Valley, [95]
• Ross, Alexander M., [49], [50], [52]
• Rouses’s Point, [47]
• Royal Gorge, [164–7], [170]
• Ruapehu, Mount, [195]
• Ruo Bridge, [285–6]
• —— River, [285]
• Russia, Asiatic, [198]
• —— European, railways, [199], [205]
• Russo-Japanese War, [212]
• Sacramento, [63], [70], [71]
• Sahara, the, [79]
• St. Bernard Hospice, [163]
• St. Clair River, [54]
• —— Tunnel, [54–6]
• —— —— Electrification, [56–7]
• St. Gotthard Tunnel, [88–90], [129], [195], [233];
• footpath, [30–31];
• financial arrangements, [31–4];
• hindrances, [34–6];
• drilling, [36–7];
• labour, [37–8];
• water, [38–9];
• deficit, [39];
• death of M. Favre, [40];
• borings completed, [41–3];
• the second track, [43–5]
• St. John’s, Quebec, [46], [58]
• St. Lawrence, Victoria Jubilee Bridge, [46–54]
• St. Paul Pass, [320–21]
• —— railway, [308]
• St. Petersburg, [203], [207]
• St. Pinnock Viaduct, [22]
• Salt Lake, [61], [71], [72], [73]
• —— —— City, [71], [164], [171], [314], [317]
• —— —— Desert, [318]
• Saltash Bridge, [23]
• San Bartholomé, [131]
• San Diabolo Range, [315]
• San Francisco, [59], [60], [61], [63], [64], [65], [70], [198], [225], [241], [314], [315]
• Sarnia, [54]
• Sarras, [153]
• Scandinavia—
• Climate, [103]
• Snow-ploughs, [260]
• Schwarzach St. Veit, [101]
• Schwitzer, J. E., [1], [233]
• Scottish Highlands railway, [173]
• Seattle, [107], [318]
• Selkirk Range, the, [6], [234–8]
• —— “Jaws of Death,” the, [237]
• —— Rogers’ Pass, [234]
• —— Snow-sheds, [24], [235–7]
• —— Split fences, [236]
• —— Stoney Creek Bridge, [237–8]
• Sella, Lake of, [42]
• Selzthal, [94]
• Semmering Pass, [92]
• —— Range, [91]
• Sennar, [156–7]
• Severn Tunnel, [276]
• Seward, [112], [113]
• Shanghai, [213], [290], [291], [296]
• Shanghai-Nangchow-Ningpo railway, [298]
• Shanghai-Nanking railway, [295]
• Shanghai-Woosung railway, [290–295]
• Shan-Hai-Kuan, [292], [294]
• Shellal, [158]
• Sher Shah, [252]
• Shiré River, [281], [282], [287]
• Siberia—
• Central railway, [200], [203]
• Climate of Western, [204]
• Exiles as labourers, [210–12]
• Trans-Siberian railway, [198–213]
• Tundras, the, [18]
• Western railway, [200], [203]
• “Siberia,” disease, [211]
• Siberian Central railway, [200], [203]
• Sierras Main Range, grading and tunnelling, [314–18]
• Simplon Tunnel, [100]
• Sioule River, [145]
• Sioux, the, [67]
• Skaguay, [107], [108], [110], [111–12]
• —— railway from, [103–5]
• Slave-trade, Central Africa, [282–3]
• Smith, C. Shaler, [166]
• Smith’s Mill, [187]
• Snow-plough, the, [111], [173], [232], [268–9], [278]
• Snow-sheds, [235–7]
• Snow-slides, [236]
• Snowdon Station, [79]
• Soldier’s Leap, [278]
• Sommeiller, [32]
• Sone Bridge, [250]
• Sorochté, sickness, [9]
• South Boulder Canyon, [172]
• —— Island, N.Z., [194], [197]
• “Spiral” grading and tunnelling, [43], [195], [233]
• “Split fences,” [236]
• Spooner, C. E., [77]
• Stanford, Leland, [60], [62], [65], [70]
• Stanley, [139]
• Stanleyville, [151]
• Stattnitz, [94]
• Steel, first used for bridges, [260]
• Steelton, [254], [255], [258]
• Stelvio road, [163], [170], [277]
• Stephen, Mount, [230]
• Stephenson, George, [17], [19], [30], [46], [49–52], [308]
• Steyr River, [94]
• Stoney Creek Bridge, [237–8]
• —— —— Plain, the, [123]
• “Straight Line,” the longest in the world, [270]
• Stretensk, [201], [211], [212]
• Styria, [91]
• Suakin, [159], [160]
• Sudan—
• Railways, [153], [154], [156], [158]
• Upper, [157], [158]
• Work of the Government, [160], [161]
• Sudan Development and Exploration Co., [158], [160]
• “Sudd,” [160]
• Suez Canal, [212], [213]
• —— Gulf, [159]
• Sukkur, [250]
• Superior, Lake, [226–7], [230], [309]
• Swakopmund, [79], [81], [82], [84], [85], [87]
• Sweden, bridges, [260]
• Switchback grading, [219]
• Switzerland—
• Alps, the, [162]
• Financing the St. Gotthard, [33]
• Railways, [216]
• Tunnelling in, [30]
• Sydney, [177], [190]
• —— railway to Paramatta, [176]
• —— railway to Queensland, [182]
• Tabuk, [124], [125]
• Tacoma, [318]
• Takasaki-Naoyetsu railway, [307]
• Tamboraque, [134]
• Tanganyika, [149–50]
• Tasmanian Sea, [193]
• Tauern Range, [93], [98]
• —— Tunnel, [98–101]
• Taugevand, [264], [265], [266]
• Tcheliabinsk, [200], [202]
• Tcheliabinsk-Kourgan, [199]
• Teichl River, [94]
• Telephone across Victoria Falls, first use, [143–4]
• Tennessee Pass, [169]
• Tessin River, [35]
• Texas forests, [73]
• Thompson River Canyon, [239]
• Thorndike, William, [135–6]
• Tientsin, [292]
• Tigris Valley, [123]
• Tioumen, [199], [205]
• Titicaca, Lake, [136], [137], [279]
• Tobol, the, [202]
• Tokio, [304], [305], [307]
• —— -Kakasaki railway, [306]
• —— -Sendai railway, [306]
• —— -Yokohama railway, [305]
• Tolosa, [274]
• Toltec Bridge, [169]
• —— Tunnel, [169]
• Tomsk, [199], [205], [213]
• Tong-King-Sing, General, [291–2]
• Tongshan, [291], [293]
• “Topographers’ Gulch,” [321]
• Torano Range, [317], [318]
• Toronto, [48]
• “Toy” railway, Festiniog, [76–9]
• Track-layer, the, [146]
• Training-bund, [252], [253]
• Trans-andine railway, the, [270], [274]
• Trans-Baikal railway, [201]
• Trans-Continental railway—
• First Canadian, [224–39]
• Proposed Australian, [189–93]
• United States, first, [59–75]
• Trans-Norwegian railway, [262]
• Trans-Siberian railway, [198–213], [293], [299], [300]
• Transvaal—
• Cost of railways, [140]
• Negro labour, [283]
• Tremola River, [35]
• Trieste, [91], [92], [101]
• Trisanna Viaduct, [90]
• Tröllhätten, [262]
• —— Falls, [260]
• Tsumeb, [79], [85]
• Tuchili River, [286]
• Tugela Bridge, [155]
• Tupungato, [274]
• Turnagain Arm, [113]
• Two-foot gauge, [78]
• Uddevalla-Wenersborg-Herljunga railway, [260]
• Uganda, [160]
• Union Pacific railway, [63], [70], [171], [198]
• United Kingdom, mileage in 1870, [289]
• United States—
• First trans-continental, [59–75]
• Mileage in 1870, [289]
• Railway interests, [112], [239], [295]
• Railways, [176], [185], [208]
• Upsallata Station, [273]
• Ural Mountains, [199], [201], [205], [213]
• Usakos, [86]
• Usamburu, [150]
• Usui Pass, [307]
• Valparaiso, [270]
• Vancouver, [107], [224]
• Vasquez, [174]
• Verrugas Bridge, [132–4], [136], [138]
• “Verrugas fever,” [133–5]
• Verrugas River, [132]
• Viaducts, overhanging principle, [257]
• Victoria, [176], [184]
• —— Bridge (Zambesi), [142–4], [157]
• —— Desert, [190]
• —— Falls, [142–4]
• —— Jubilee Bridge (St. Lawrence), [51–4]
• Vienna, [91], [93–4]
• Villa Bocage, [282], [287]
• Villach, [101]
• Vladivostok, [200], [201], [202], [211], [212]
• Vossevangen, [263], [264], [266], [267], [269]
• “V-switches,” [130–32], [180], [274]
• Wadi Haifa, [153]
• Waian timber trestle, the, [197]
• Wales, North, Toy railway, [76–87]
• Walkaway, [189]
• Walker, Messrs. C. H. & Co., [276]
• Wallula Pacific railway, [28]
• Wankie coalfield, [142]
• Wapata Mountain, [233]
• Wash-outs, [219–20]
• Wellington, [194]
• West Indies, [240]
• Westinghouse Electric Co., [56–7]
• White ants, [142], [284]
• White de luxe express, [158]
• White Horse, [104], [105], [108], [109], [110]
• —— Horse summit, [110]
• White Nile Bridge, [157–8]
• —— Pass, [105], [110], [111]
• —— Pass and Yukon line, [105–12]
• —— Pass summit, [110], [111]
• “White Tiger,” the, [289], [296]
• Whitton, John, [178–80]
• Whitworth & Co., Messrs., [200], [206]
• Wicklow, [22–23]
• Windhuk, [82]
• Wingatui Viaduct, [196–7]
• Winnipeg, [224]
• Wochenier Tunnel, [97–8]
• “Wooden flanges,” [46]
• Woosung, [290], [296]
• Wurzner Save Valley, [97]
• Yablonovoi Range, [209]
• Yamagata, Prince, [306]
• Yarmuk River, [122]
• Yellow fever, [215]
• Yellow Gorge. See [Amarillo Gorge]
• —— River Bridge, [299]
• Yellowhead Pass, [230]
• Yellowstone River, [320]
• Yenisei Bridge, [204]
• —— River, [201], [204]
• Yokohama, [305]
• Yukon River, [104], [108]
• Yun-nan, [301–2]
• —— railway, [301–4]
• Yun-nan-Sen, [302]
• Zambesi River, [142], [147], [150], [281], [282]
• Zigzag grading, [177–81], [187], [219]
• —— the Great, [178–80]
• Zlatoost, [199], [202]
• Zyrkousounsk Mountain Chain, [206]

THE END

Rickard Clay & Sons, Limited, London and Bungay