INDEX

Absentee proprietors, [55], [297]
Achievement, [309]
Adams, Henry, [213]
Adams, J. Q., [26], [192], [230]
Agriculture, [314], [329];
Middle West, [149], [150]
Agriculture, Department of, [320]
Alamance, [119], [120]
Alaska, [296]
Albany, [43], [52]
Albany congress of 1754, [15]
Algonquin Indians, [130]
Aliens, land tenure by, [110]
Alleghany Mountains, [9], [18], [67];
as barrier to be overcome, [195]
Allen, Ethan, [54]
Allen, W. V., [220]
American Historical Assoc., [159]
American history, social forces, [311];
survey of recent, [311]
American life, distinguishing feature, [2]
American people, [339]
American spirit, [306], [336], [337]
"American System," [171], [172]
Americanization, effective, [4]
Arid lands, [9], [147], [219], [239], [245], [278]
Aristocracy, [250], [254], [257], [275]
Army posts, frontier, [16];
prototypes, [47]
Asia, [296]
Association, voluntary, [343], [344], [358]
Astor's American Fur Co., [6], [143]
Atlantic coast, as early frontier, [4];
Mississippi Valley and, [190], [191];
Northern, History, [295]
Atlantic frontier, composition, [12]
Atlantic states, [207], [208]
Augusta, Ga., [98]
Autocracy, [344]
Back country, [68], [70];
democracy of, [248];
New England, [75]
Backwoods society, [212]
Backwoodsmen, [163], [164]
Bacon, Francis, [286]
Bacon's Rebellion, [84], [247], [251], [301]
Baltimore, trade, [108]
Bancroft, George, [168]
Bank, [171], [254], [325]
Bedford, Pa., [5]
Beecher, Lyman, [35]
Bell, John, [192]
Benton, T. H., [26], [35], [192], [325], [328]
Berkshires, [60], [71], [77]
Beverley, Robert, [85], [91];
manor, [92]
"Birch seal," [78]
Black Hills, [145]
Blackmar, F. W., [238]
Blank patents, [95]
Blood-feud, [253]
Blount, William, [187]
Blue Ridge, [90], [99]
Boone, A. J., [19]
Boone, Daniel, [18], [105], [124], [165], [206]
Boston, trade, [108]
Boutmy, E. G., [211]
Braddock, Edward, [181], [324]
Brattle, Thomas, [56]
British and Middle West, [350]
Brown, B. Gratz, [355]
Brunswick County, Va., [91]
Bryan, W. J., [204], [236], [237], [246], [281], [327], [330]
Bryce, James, [165], [206], [211], [284]
Buffalo, N. Y., [136], [150], [151]
Buffalo herds, [144]
Buffer state, [131], [134]
Burke, Edmund, [33];
on the Germans, [109]
Byrd, Col. William, [84], [87], [98]
Calhoun, J. C., [2], [105], [141], [174], [206], [241];
on representation, [117];
policy of obtaining western trade for the South, [196]
California, [8];
gold, [144]
Canada, [53], [226];
barrier between, and the United States, [131];
border warfare, [44];
homesteads, [296];
Middle West and, [128];
wheat fields, [278]
Canadians, [227]
Canals, deep water, [150]
Capital, [276], [305], [325];
concentration and combinations, [245], [261], [266], [280], [305-306]
"Capitalistic classes," [285]
Capitalists, [20];
"expectant," [343]
Capitals, state, transfers, [121]
Captains of industry, [258], [259], [260]
Carnegie, Andrew, [260], [265]
Caroline cow-pens, [16]
Catron, John, [345]
Cattle raising in Virginia, [88], [89], [92]
Census, first, frontier at, [5]
Census of 1820, frontier, [6]
Census of 1890, extinction of frontier, [1], [9], [38], [39], [297]
Center of nation, [222]
Channing, W. E., [355]
Charleston, S. C., [88], [108], [196]
Chase, S. P., [104], [142]
Cherry Valley, [104]
Chicago, [137], [150], [151], [180], [350];
character, [232]
Chillicothe, [133], [223]
Cincinnati, [133], [151], [162], [223], [231], [232]
Cincinnati and Charleston R. R., [174]
Cities, [297], [316-317];
northeastern, [294-295];
seaboard, [194], [195], [196];
three periods of development, [195]
Civil War, [356];
Middle West and, [142];
Mississippi Valley and, [201];
Northwest and, [217]
Clark, G. R., [131], [167], [186]
Clark, J. B., [332]
Class distinctions, [280], [285]
Clay, Henry, [26], [168], [171], [172], [173], [174], [192], [197], [206], [213], [216], [226], [241], [304], [325]
Cleaveland, Gen. Moses, [133], [222], [257]
Cleveland, [133], [150], [223], [231], [232]
Clinton, De Witt, [195], [196]
Coal supply, [313]
Coast, Atlantic, [206];
destiny, [295];
interior and, antagonisms, [110]
Coeducation, [353]
Colden, Cadwallader, [80]
Colonial life, [11]
Colonial system, [127]
Colonization, [312];
English and French contrasted, [13-14];
peaceful, [169]
Colony of free humanity, [337-338]
Columbus, Ohio, [162], [229]
Combinations of capital and of labor, [245]
Commencement seasons, [290]
Commons, J. R., [327]
Community, "beloved community," [358];
life, [347];
type of settlement, [73], [74], [125]
Competition, [154], [203], [277], [308], [312]
Compromise, [174], [198], [230], [236];
slavery, [140], [142]
Concentration of power and wealth, [245], [261], [266], [280]
Concord, Mass., [39]
Concurrent majority, [118]
Congregational church, [74], [112]
Congress and frontiersmen, [252-253]
Connecticut, frontier towns, [42], [45], [53];
land policy, [76]
Connecticut River, [52], [53], [72]
Connecticut Valley, [63], [73]
Conquest, [269]
Conscience, American, [328]
Constitution, U. S., [209], [244]
Constitutional convention of 1787, [249]
Constitutions, state, [121], [252], [352];
reconstruction, [192]
Coöperation, voluntary, [165], [257], [258]
Corn, areas, [149];
belt, [151]
Corporations, [265], [328]
Cotton culture, [28], [139], [255];
early extension, [7];
transfer from the East to Mississippi Valley, [194]
"Cotton Kingdom," [174], [189], [194], [198]
Coureurs de bois, [182]
Cow pens, [16], [88]
Crockett, Davy, [105]
Crops, migration, [149]
Currency, [148];
evil, [32];
expansion, [210]
Cutler, Manasseh, [141]
Dairy interests in Wisconsin, [234], [236]
Dakotas, settlement, [145], [146]
Darien, Ga., [98]
Davis, Jefferson, [105], [139], [174]
De Bow, J. D. B., [197]
De Bow's Review, [217]
Debs, E. V., [281]
Dedham, [40], [58]
Deerfield, [48], [52], [58], [70]
Democracy, [32], [54], [306];
doubts of, [280];
established in Old West, [107];
free land and, [274];
frontier, early, [106];
frontier and, [30], [31], [247], [249];
Godkin on, [307];
in early 18th century, [98];
Jacksonian, [192], [302], [342-343];
Jeffersonian, [250], [251];
magnitude of achievement in the West, [258];
Middle West, [154];
Mississippi Valley, [183];
neighborhood, [346];
new type in West, [210], [216];
Ohio Valley, influence, [172];
Ohio Valley and, [175];
organized, [357];
origin, [293];
outcome of American experiences, [266];
pressure on the universities, [283];
significance of Mississippi Valley in promoting, [190];
Upland South, [165];
Western contributions, [243];
Western ideals, [261];
see also [Pioneer democracy]
Democratic party, [327], [330];
basis, [248];
Middle Western wing, [352]
Democratic-Republican party, [250]
Denver, Colo., [19]
De Tocqueville. See [Tocqueville]
Detroit, [135], [150]
Development, American, [205], [221];
four changes, [244];
personal, [271];
significant decade, [246-247];
study of, [10];
true point of view, [3];
Western, [218]
D'Iberville. See [Iberville]
Discovery, [271], [293], [301], [306]
Doddridge, Joseph, [115]
Dogs for hunting Indians, [45]
Douglas, S. A., [140];
Lincoln debates, [230]
Douglas, William, [109]
Down east, [79]
Dracut, [111]
Dreams, [301], [339]
Duel, [253]
Duluth, [150], [151], [234]
Dunkards, [263]
Dunstable, [48], [56]
Duquesne, Abraham, [14]
Dwight, Timothy (1752-1817), [63];
fears of pioneer class, [251]
East, efforts to restrict advance of frontier, [33], [34];
fears of the West, [208];
out of touch with West, [18]
Economic forces and political institutions, [243]
Economic historian, [332]
Economic legislation and Ohio Valley, [170]
Education, [282];
Middle West, [156]
Edwards, Jonathan, [63]
Egleston, Melville, [55]
Eliot, C. W., on corporation, [265];
on democracy and slavery, [256]
Emerson, R. W., [353];
on Lincoln, [256]
England, decrease of dependence on, [23];
Mississippi Valley and, [180], [186];
Old Northwest and, [131], [134]
English pioneers, [270]
English settlers in Michigan and Wisconsin, [226]
English stock and English speech, [23]
Equality, [274];
New England, [61], [62], [63];
Western settlers, [212]
Erie Canal, [7], [136], [195], [197]
Europe, American democracy and, [282];
how America reacted on, [3];
Southeastern, [294], [295], [316]
Europeans, [267]
Evolution, American, as key to history, [11]
Expansion, [206], [219], [304], [345];
Ohio Valley and, [166];
world politics, [246]
Experts, [284], [285], [286]
"Fall line," [4], [9], [68];
efforts to establish military frontier on, [84]
Fairfax, Lord, [92], [123]
Far East, [315]
Far West, [315], [341]
Farm lands, [297]
Farm machinery, [276]
Farmers, [238], [239]
Farmer's frontier, [12], [16], [18]
Federal colonial system, [168], [169]
Federal Reserve districts, [322]
Fertility, [129]
Field, Marshall, [265]
Finance, [318], [325];
pioneer ideas, [148]
Fire-arms and Indians, [13]
Firmin, Giles, [56]
Food supply, [279], [294], [314]
Foreign parentage, Indiana and Illinois, [232];
Michigan, [233];
Western States, [237];
Wisconsin, [233-234]
Foreign policy, [168], [219]
Forest Service, [320]
Forest philosophy, [207]
"Foresters," [63]
Forests, [270], [293];
Middle West, [130]
Fortified houses, [71]
Fourierists, [263]
France, efforts to revive empire in America, [167];
Middle West and, [131];
Mississippi Valley and, [180], [186];
western exploration, [163];
Franchise, [249-250], [252]
Franklin, Benjamin, Mississippi Valley and, [182];
on the Germans, [109]
Free Soil party, [141], [173], [217]
French explorers, [163]
French frontier, [125]
French settlers in Michigan and Wisconsin, [226]
Frontier, conservative attitude toward advance, [63];
definition, [3], [41];
demand for independent statehood, [248];
efforts to check and restrict it, [33];
evil effects, [32];
extinction, [1], [9], [38], [39], [321];
farmers, [239], [240];
first official, [39], [54];
French, [125];
importance as a military training school, [15];
influence toward democracy, [247], [249];
kinds and modes of advance, [12];
Massachusetts, [65];
military, of Old West, [106-107];
religious aspects, [36];
Spanish, [125];
towns in Massachusetts, [42], [45], [53], [70];
various comparisons, [10]
Frontiersmen, [206], [209], [212];
in Congress, [252-253];
Mississippi Valley, [182];
Virginia idea, [86]
Fulton, Robert, [171]
Fur trade, [13];
England after Revolution, [131];
Hudson River, [80];
Southern, Old West, [87]
Gallatin, Albert, [191], [252], [317]
Galveston, [202]
Garfield, J. A., [241]
Geographic factors, [329]
Geographic provinces, [158]
Georgia, [174], [196];
restriction of land tenure, [97];
settlement, [97]
Germanic germs, [3], [4]
Germans, [263];
in New York in early times, [5];
Middle West and, [137-138], [146];
Palatine, [5], [82], [100], [109], [124];
political exiles, [349];
sectaries, [164];
Wisconsin, [23], [227], [236];
zone of settlement in Great Valley, [102]
Glarus, [236]
Glenn, James, [23], [108]
Godkin, E. L., [307]
Goochland County, Va., [93]
Government, [321];
paternal, [328];
popular, [357]
Government discipline, [356]
Government expeditions, [17]
Government intervention, [344]
Government ownership, [148]
Government powers, [307]
Government regulation, [281]
Granger movement, [148], [203], [218], [276], [281]
Grant, U. S., [142]
Granville, Lord, [95], [123]
Great Lakes, [128], [149], [150], [173], [297]
Great Plains, [8], [128], [147];
Indian trade and war, [144]
Great Valley, [100];
colonization, [100-101]
Greater South, [174]
Greeley, Horace, [104]
Green Mountain Boys, [78]
Greenback movement, [148], [203], [218], [276]
Greenway manor, [92]
Groseilliers, [180]
Groton, [48], [57]
Grund, F. J., [7]
Grundy, Felix, [192]
Gulf coast, [295]
Gulf States, [141];
occupation, [139]
Hammond, J. H., on slavery problem in the Mississippi Valley, [198]
Hanna, Marcus, [265]
Harriman, E. H., [280], [318]
Harrison, W. H., [168], [173], [189], [192], [213], [255]
Hart, A. B., [177]
Hartford, [76]
Haverhill, [51], [62]
Hayes, R. B., [241]
Henry, Patrick, [94]
Heroes, [254], [256];
Western, [213]
High thinking, [287]
Higher law, [239]
Hill, J. J., [260]
Historian, [333]
Historic ideals, [306], [335]
Historical societies, [159-160], [339]
History, character, [331-332];
new viewpoints, [330]
Holland, J. G., [73]
Holst, H. E. von, [24]
Home markets, [108], [216]
Home missions, [36], [354]
Homestead law of 1862, [145], [276]
Hoosier State, [224]
Housatonic River, [71]
Housatonic Valley, [72]
Houston, Sam, [105]
Howells, W. D., [353]
Hudson River, [53], [79];
frontier, [43];
fur trade, [80]
Humanitarian movement, [327]
Huxley, T. H., on modern civilization, [300]
Iberville, P. le M. d', [180]
Icarians, [263]
Idealists, America the goal, [261];
social, [349]
Ideals, [239];
American, and the West, [290];
American, loyalty to, [307];
American historic, [306], [335];
immigrants, [264];
Middle West, [153];
Mississippi Valley, [203];
pioneer, and the State university, [269];
readjustment, [321], [328];
Western, [209], [214], [267];
Western democracy and, [261]
Illinois, composite nationality, [232];
elements of settlement, [225];
settlement, [135]
Illiteracy in Middle West, [353]
Immigrants, [277];
idealism, [264]
Immigration, [146], [215], [316]
Indian guides, [17]
Indian policy, [10]
Indian question, early, [9]
Indian reservations, [278]
Indian trade, [6], [13], [14];
Middle West, [143], [144]
Indian wars, [9];
New England and, [69];
Ohio Valley and, [167]
Indiana, character, [232];
constitution, [282];
elements in settlement, [223-224];
settlement, [134]
Indianapolis, [162], [229]
Indians, buffer state for England, [131], [134];
congresses to treat with, [15];
effects of trades on, [13];
hunting Indians with dogs, [45];
influence on Puritans and New England, [44];
Middle West and, [133], [134];
society, [13]
Individualism, [30], [32], [37], [78], [125], [140], [203], [254], [259], [271], [273], [302], [306];
in the Old West, [107];
reaction against, [307];
Upland South, [165]
Industrial conditions, [280], [281], [285];
Middle West, [149], [154];
Mississippi Valley, [194], [201];
Ohio Valley and, [175]
Industry, captains of, and large undertakings, [258], [259], [260];
control, [318]
Inland waterways, [202]
Insurgent movement, [327]
Intellectual life and the frontier, [37]
Intercolonial congresses, [15]
Interior and coast, antagonisms, [110]
Internal commerce, [171], [188]
Internal improvements, [27], [28], [29], [111], [170], [172], [216], [257];
after 1812 to break down barrier to West, [195];
Old West, [109]
Internal trade, Old West, [108], [109]
Iowa, [141], [143];
elements and growth, [229];
settlement, [137]
Ipswich, [56]
Irish, [350]
Iron mines in Middle West, [152]
Iron ore, [313]
Iroquois Indians, [13], [80]
Irrigation, [258], [279]
Isms, [239]
Izard, Ralph, [274]
Jackson, Andrew, [105], [168], [173], [189], [206], [213], [216], [241], [252], [253], [268], [326];
personification of frontier traits, [252], [254]
Jackson, Stonewall, [105]
Jacksonian democracy, [192], [302], [342-343]
James River, [84], [90];
settlement, [93]
Jefferson, Thomas, [93], [105], [114], [268];
conception of democracy, [250], [251];
on England and the Mississippi, [186];
on the pioneer in Congress, [253];
on the importance of the Mississippi Valley, [188]
"Jim River" Valley, [145]
Johnson, R. M., [192]
Johnson, Sir William, [81], [104]
Justice, direct forms in the West, [212]
Kansas, [142], [144], [146], [151];
Populists, [238];
settlers, [237]
Kansas City, [151]
Kentucky, [19], [122], [162], [167], [168], [169], [192], [225], [253];
slavery, [174]
King Philip's War [40], [46], [69]
Kipling, Rudyard, "Foreloper," [270];
"Son of the English," [262]
Labor, combinations, [245];
composition of laboring class, [316]
Labor theorists, [303], [326]
Lamar, L. Q. C. (1825-1893), [25]
Lancaster, Mass., [48], [57], [61]
Land, [328-329];
abundance, [274];
abundance, as basis of democracy, [191], [192];
alien tenure, [110];
free, exhausted, [244-245];
free Western, [211], [259];
fundamental fact in Western society, [211];
"mongering," [61];
see also [Public lands]
Land companies, [123], [347]
Land grants, [9];
for schools and colleges, [74];
to railroads, [276]
Land Ordinance of 1785, [132]
Land policies, [10]
Land system, "equality" principle in New England, [61], [62], [63];
Georgia, [97];
later federal, [123];
New England, [54];
New England conflicts, [75];
New York State, [80];
North Carolina, [95];
Old West, [122];
Pennsylvania, [101];
Virginia, [91];
Virginia grants to societies, [85]
La Salle, [180]
Laurentide glacier, [129]
Law and order, [298], [344]
Leadership, [213], [291], [292], [307];
educated, [286]
Lease, Mary Ellen, [240]
Legislation, [277], [307];
frontier and, [24];
Leicester, [59]
Leigh, B. W., [115]
Lewis and Clark, [13], [17]
Liberty, Bacon on, [286];
for universities, [287];
individual, [213];
Western, [212]
Life as a whole, [287]
Lincoln, Abraham, [105], [135], [142], [174], [206], [213], [217], [225], [241], [268], [304], [356];
Douglas debates, [230];
embodiment of pioneer period, [255-256];
Ohio Valley, influence of, [175]
Lincoln, C. H., [113]
Litchfield, [71], [76], [124]
Livingston manor, [81], [82]
Locofocos, [303], [326], [348]
Log cabin, [338]
"Log cabin campaign," [173]
London Company, [301]
Loria, Achille, [11]
Louisiana, [180], [208]
Louisiana Purchase, [25], [34], [140], [167], [213], [251];
effect on Mississippi Valley, [189-190]
Louisville, [162]
Lowell, J. R., on Lincoln, [255]
Loyal Land Co., [123], [182]
Lumber industry, [152];
Wisconsin, [234-235]
Lumbermen, [272], [273]
Lynch law, [212], [272];
New England, [78]
McKinley, William, [236], [237], [241]
Magnitude, [258], [260], [276]
Maine, [52-53]
Maine coast, [79]
Mallet brothers, [180]
Manila, battle of, [247]
Manorial practice in New York, [83]
Marietta, [124], [133], [223], [257]
"Mark colonies," [70]
Marquette, Jacques, [180]
Martineau, Harriet, [214], [303], [339]
Massachusetts, attempt to locate frontier line, [39];
frontier, [65];
frontier towns, [42], [45], [53], [70];
locating towns before settlement, [76]
Mather, Cotton, attitude as to advancing frontier, [63]
Mesabi mines, [152], [234]
Mendon, [57]
Methodists, [238]
Mexico, [295]
Michigan, [135-136], [137];
development and resources, [233];
settlement, [226], [228]
Middle region, [27];
in formation of the Old West, [79];
typical American, [28]
Middle West, agriculture, [150];
Canada and, [128];
Civil War and, [142];
early society, [153-154];
education, [282];
elements of settlement—Northern and Southern, [346], [351];
Europe and, [282];
flow of population into, [132-133];
forests, [130];
Germans and, [137-138];
Germans and Scandinavians, [146];
idealism, [153];
immigrants of varied nationalities, [349];
importance, [126], [128];
increase of settlement in the fifties, [142-143];
industrial organism, [149];
meaning of term, [126];
nationalism, [142];
natural resources, [129];
New England element, [137];
peculiarity and influence, [347];
pioneer democracy, [335];
settlement, [135], [342];
slavery question and, [139];
southern zone, [138]
Migration, [21], [237], [337];
communal vs. individual, [125];
crops, [149];
interstate, [224];
labor, [62];
New England, and land policy, [77]
Militant expansive movement, [105]
Military frontier, [41], [47];
early form, [47];
Old West, significance, [106-107];
Virginia in later 17th century, [83], [84]
Milwaukee, [137], [227], [236], [350]
Miner's frontier, [12]
Mining camps, [9]
Mining laws, [10]
Minneapolis, [137], [151], [234]
Minnesota, [143], [144], [237];
economic development, [234];
Historical Society, [335], [338-339]
Missions to the Indians, [79]
Mississippi Company, [123], [182]
Mississippi River, [7], [9], [142], [185], [194], [345]
Mississippi Valley, [10], [139], [166-167], [324];
beginning of stratification, [197];
Civil War and, [201];
democracy and, [190];
early population, [183];
economic progress after 1812, [194];
England's efforts to control, [180-181];
extent, [179];
French explorers in, [180];
frontiersmen's allegiance, [186-187];
idealism, social order, [203-204];
industrial growth after the Civil War, [201-202];
political power and growth from 1810 to 1840, [193];
primitive history, [179];
question of severance from the Union, [187];
significance in American history, [177], [185];
slavery struggle and, [201];
social forces, early, [183]
Missouri, [192]
Missouri Compromise, [140], [174], [226]
Missouri Valley, [135]
Mohawk Valley, [68], [82]
Monroe, James, [150]
Monroe Doctrine, [296];
germ, [168]
Monticello, [93]
Moravians, [95], [102]
Morgan, J. P., [318]
Mormons, [263]
Morris, Gouverneur, [207]
Nashaway, [57]
National problem, [293]
Nationalism, [29];
evils of, [157];
Middle West and, [142]
Nationalities, mixture, [27];
replacement in Wisconsin, [235]
Naturalization, [110]
Nebraska, [144], [145], [220];
settlers, [237]
Negro, [295]
New England, [27], [301];
back lands, [75];
coast vs. interior, [111];
colonies from, [124];
culmination of frontier movement, [78];
early official frontier line, [43];
economic life, [78];
effect on the West, [36];
foreign element, [294];
frontier protection, [46-47];
frontier types, [43-44];
Greater New England, [66], [70];
ideas, and Middle West, [348];
Indian wars, [69];
land system, [54];
Middle West and, [347];
Ohio settlement and, [223];
Old West and, [68];
Old West and interior New England, [70];
pioneer type, [239];
streams of settlement from, [215];
two New Englands of the formative period of the Old West, [78-79]
New Englanders in the Middle West, [137];
in Wisconsin and the lake region, [228];
three movements of advance from the coast, [136];
Westernized, [215], [216]
New Glarus, [236]
New Hampshire, [69], [72], [77], [111]
New Hampshire grants, [77]
New Northwest, [222]
New Orleans, [136], [137], [167], [187], [188], [189], [217], [295]
New South, [218];
Old West and, [100]
New West, [257]
New York City, [136], [195], [318]
New York State, early frontier, [43];
lack of expansive power, [80];
land system, [80];
settlement from New England, [83];
western, [230]
Newspapers of the Middle West, [353]
Nitrates, [279]
Norfolk, [195]
North Carolina, [87], [106];
coast vs. upland, [116];
in Indiana Settlement, [224];
public lands, [95];
settlement, [94], [95];
slavery, [122];
taxation, [118], [119]
North Central States, [126];
region as a whole, [341]
North Dakota, development, [237]
Northampton, [63]
Northfield, [53]
Northwest, democracy, [356];
Old and New, [222];
see also [Old Northwest]
Northwest Territory, [222]
Northwestern boundary, [324]
Norton, C. E., [208-209]
Norwegians, [232]
Nullification, [117], [254]
Ohio, diversity of interests, [231-232];
elements of settlement, [223];
history, [133-134];
New England element, [223];
Southern contribution to settlement, [223]
Ohio Company, [123], [133], [141], [182], [223]
Ohio River, [5], [161]
Ohio Valley, [104];
as a highway, [162];
economic legislation and, [170];
effects on national expansion, [166];
in American history, [157];
influence on Lincoln, [175];
part in making of the nation, [160];
physiography, [160-161];
relation to the South, [174];
religious spirit, [164], [165];
stock and settlement, [164]
Oil wells, [297]
Oklahoma, [278], [297]
Old National road, [136]
Old Northwest, [131], [132], [136], [221];
as a whole, [241-242];
defined, [218];
elements of settlement, [222];
political position, [236];
social origin, [222-223];
Southern element in settlement, [223], [225-226];
turning point of control, [229]
"Old South," [166]
Old West, colonization of areas beyond the mountains, [124];
consequences of formation, [106];
New South and, [100];
summary of frontier movement in 17th and early 18th centuries, [98];
term defined, [68]
Old World, [261], [267], [294], [299], [344], [349];
effect of American frontier, [22];
West and, [206], [210]
Opportunity, [37], [212], [239], [259-260], [261], [263], [271-272], [342], [343]
Orangeburg, [96]
Ordinance of 1787, [25], [132], [168], [190], [223]
Oregon country, [144]
Orient, [297]
Osgood, H. L., [30]
Pacific coast, [168], [219], [304]
Pacific Northwest, [296]
Pacific Ocean, [297], [315]
Packing industries, [151]
Palatine Germans, [5], [22], [100], [109], [124];
New York State and, [82]
Palisades, [71]
Panama Canal, [295]
Panics, [279-280]
Paper money, [32], [111], [121], [122], [209]
Parkman, Francis, [70], [72], [144], [163]
"Particular plantations," [41]
Past, lessons of, [355]
Patroon estates, [80]
Paxton Boys, [112]
Pecks "New Guide to the West," [19]
Penn, William, [262]
Pennsylvania, [23], [27];
coast and interior, antagonisms, [112];
German settlement, [82], [100];
Great Valley of, [68], [164];
land grants, [101];
new Pennsylvania of the Great Valley, [100];
Scotch-Irish, [103], [104];
settlement Of Old West part, [83]
Pennsylvania Dutch, [22], [100], [110]
Perrot, Nicolas, [180]
Philadelphia, [106];
trade, [108]
Physiographic provinces, [127]
Piedmont, [68];
Virginia, [87], [89]
Pig iron, [152], [313]
Pine, [151]
Pine belt in Middle West, [143]
Pioneer democracy, lessons learned, [357];
Middle West, [335]
Pioneer farmers, [21], [206], [257]
Pioneers, conservative fears about, [251], [252];
contest with capitalist, [325];
contrast of conditions, [279];
deeper significance, [338];
essence, [271];
ideals and the State university, [269];
Middle West, [146], [154];
Ohio Valley, [167];
old ideals, [148];
sketch, [19]
Pittsburgh, [104], [127], [136], [154-155], [161], [265], [299], [314], [324]
Plain people, [256], [267]
Political institutions, [243];
frontier and, [24]
Political parties, [249], [324]
Polk, J. K., [105], [192], [255]
Pontiac, [131], [144]
Poor whites, [224]
Population center, [222]
Populists, [32], [127], [147], [155], [203], [220], [247], [277], [281], [305];
Kansas, [238]
Prairie Plains, [129]
Prairie states, [239]
Prairies, [218], [236], [276], [348];
settlement, [145], [147]
Presbyterians, [105], [106], [109], [164]
Presidency, [254];
Mississippi Valley and, [192];
Ohio Valley and, [175];
Old Northwest and, [222]
Prices, [313]
Princeton college, [106]
Pritchett, H. S., [282]
Privilege, [192];
conflict against, [120], [121]
Proclamation of 1763, [181]
Progressive Republican movement, [321]
Prohibitionists, [240]
"Proletariat," [285]
Property, [210];
as basis of suffrage, [249]
Prosperity, [281]
Protection. See [Tariff]
Provinces, geographic, [158]
Provincialism, desirable, [157], [159]
Prussianism, [337], [356]
Public lands, [25], [132], [303];
policy of America, [26], [170];
Western lands, first debates on, [191]
Public schools, [266], [282]
Puget Sound, [298]
Puritan ideals, [73], [75], [78];
German conflict with, [138]
Puritanism, [27]
Puritans and Indians, [44]
Purrysburg, [97]
Pynchon, John, [51], [52]
Quakers, [105], [112], [164];
in settlement of Indiana, [224]
Quebec, Province of, [131]
Quincy, Josiah, [208]
Radisson, Sieur de, [180]
Railroads, administration by regions, [322];
Chicago and, [150];
continental, [247];
in early fifties, [137];
land grants to, [276];
Mississippi Valley, [304];
northwestern, [145];
origin, [14];
speculative movement, [276];
statistics, [314];
western, [218]
Rancher's frontier, [12], [16]
Ranches, [9], [16];
Virginia, [88]
Rappahannock River, [84], [90];
settlement, [93]
Reclamation, [298]
Reclamation Service, [320]
Red Cloud (Indian), [144]
Red River valley, [145]
Redemptioners, [22], [90], [97], [100]
Reformers, [281], [324];
social, [262-263]
Regulation, War of the, [248]
Regulators, [116], [119], [120], [212]
Religion of the Middle West, [345]
Religious freedom of the Old West, [121]
Religious spirit, Ohio Valley, [164], [165];
Upland South, [164], [165]
Rensselaerswyck, [80]
Representation, [114], [117], [120]
Republican party, [327]
Research, [284], [287], [331]
Revolution, American, [30]
Rhodes, J. F., [24]
Richmond, Va., [108]
Rights, equal, [326-327], [338];
of man, [192]
Ripley, W. Z., [316]
Robertson, James, [105], [187]
Rockefeller, J. D., [260], [264-265]
Rocky Mountains, [8], [9], [10], [298]
Roosevelt, Theodore, [202], [204], [281], [319], [327];
on the Mississippi Valley, [178];
"Winning of the West," [67]
Root, Elihu, [159]
Roxbury, [59]
Royce, Josiah, [157], [358]
Rush, Richard, [317]
St. Louis, [151], [161], [229]
St. Paul, [137], [234]
Salisbury, Mass., [56]
Salt, [17];
annual pilgrimage to coast for, [17]
Salt springs, [17], [18]
Salzburgers, [97]
Sandys, Sir Edwin, [301]
Sault Ste. Marie Canal, [149]
Scalps, Massachusetts bounty for, [45]
Scandinavians, [263], [350];
Middle West, [146];
Western life, [232-233], [234]
Schools, early difficulties, [107];
see also [Public schools]
Schurz, Carl, [337]
Science, [284], [330-331]
Scientific farming, [294]
Scotch Highlanders, [104];
Georgia, [98]
Scotch-Irish, [5], [22], [71];
migration in Great Valley and Piedmont, [103];
Pennsylvania, [104];
South Carolina, [97];
Virginia, [86], [91-92]
Scotch-Irish Presbyterians, [105], [109], [164]
Scovillites, [116]
Seaboard cities, [194], [195], [196]
Seattle, [298]
"Section" of land, [123], [132]
Sectionalism, [27], [28], [52], [157], [215], [220], [321]
Sections, relation, [159]
Self-government, [169], [190], [207], [248], [275]
Self-made man, [219], [318]
Servants, [60], [353]
Service to the Union, [358]
Settlement, community type, [73], [74]
Settler, [20]
Sevier, John, [105], [187]
Seward, W. H., [141];
on the Northwest, [230];
on the slavery issue in the Mississippi Valley, [199], [200]
Shays' Rebellion, [112], [119], [122], [249]
Sheffield, [71]
Sheldon, George, [58]
Shenandoah Valley, [68], [90], [91], [92], [99], [105]
Sherman, W. T., [142]
Sibley, H. H. (1811-1891), [272], [273], [328]
Silver movement, [238], [239], [329]
Simsbury, [63]
Singletary, Amos, [240]
Sioux Indians, [130]
Six Nations, [15], [83]
Slavery question, [24], [29], [98], [111], [139], [304], [330];
compromise movement, [174];
democracy and, [256];
expansion, [174];
Middle West and, [139];
Mississippi Valley and, [198], [201];
Northwest and, [230];
slaves as property, [115];
Virginia and North Carolina, [122]
Smith, Major Lawrence, [84]
Social control, [277]
Social forces, in American history, [311];
mode of investigating, [330];
on the Atlantic coast, [295];
political institutions and, [243]
Social mobility, [355]
Social order, Mississippi Valley, [203-204];
new, [263]
Social reformers, [262-263]
Socialism, [246], [277], [307], [321]
Society, backwoods, [212];
rebirth of in the West, [205]
Soils, [278], [279];
search for, [18]
Solid South, [217]
South, [27], [166], [218];
contribution to settlement of Old Northwest (Ohio, Indiana, Illinois), [223], [225-226];
Ohio Valley and, [174];
solid, [217];
transforming forces, [295];
West and, [196], [197];
see also [Upland South]
South Carolina, [174];
condition of antagonism between coast and interior, [116];
land system, townships, [96];
trade, [108]
South Dakota, development, [237]
Southeastern Europe, [294], [299], [316]
Southerners and the Middle West, [133-134], [135], [138]
Southwest, [297]
Spain, [167], [181], [246];
Mississippi Valley and, [184], [185]
Spangenburg, A. G., [17]
Spanish America [181], [182], [295]
Spanish frontier, [125]
Spanish War, [246]
Speculation, [319]
Spoils system, [32], [254]
Spotswood, Alexander, [22], [88], [90], [91], [113], [247];
Mississippi Valley and, [180]
Spotsylvania County, Va., [90]
Spreckles, Claus, [265]
Squatter-sovereignty, [140]
Squatters, [272], [343];
doctrines, [273], [328];
ideal, [320];
Middle West, [137];
Ohio Valley, [170];
Pennsylvania in 1726, [101]
Stark, John, [103-104]
State historical societies, [340]
State lines, [127]
State universities, [221], [354];
as safeguard of democracy, [286];
Michigan, [233];
peculiar power, [283-284];
pioneer ideals and, [269], [281]
States, checkerboard, [218];
frontier pioneers' demand for statehood, [248];
groups, [159];
new states vs. Atlantic States, [207];
System of, [168]
Staunton, Va., [92]
Steam navigation, [7], [135], [171]
Steel, [313]
Steel and iron industry, [152]
Stockbridge, [79]
Stoddard, Solomon, [45]
Success, [288], [309]
Sudbury, [39]
Suffrage, [192], [216];
basis, [249];
frontier and extension, [30];
manhood, [250], [352]
Superior, Lake, [180], [314];
iron mines, [152]
Swedes, [233]
Symmes Purchase, [223]
Talleyrand, [299]
Taney, R. B., [141]
Tariff, [25], [27], [170], [172], [197], [216]
Taylor, Zachary, [255]
Tecumthe, [134], [144]
Tennessee, [122], [168], [187], [225], [252], [253];
democracy, [192]
Tennyson's "Ulysses," [310]
Territories, system of, [168], [169]
Texas, [168]
Thomas, J. B., [174]
Tocqueville, A. C. H. C. de, [153], [275], [303], [343]
Toledo, Ohio, [231]
Toleration, [355]
Town meeting, [62]
Towns, legislating into existence, [125];
locating, Massachusetts, [76];
New England and Virginia, [41];
new settlements in New England, [55];
South Carolina, [96];
typical form of establishing in New England, [74];
Virginia, [85], [86]
Trader's frontier, [12];
effects following, [12];
rapidity of advance, [12], [13]
Trading posts, [14]
Transportation, [148];
Great Lakes, [150]
Tryon, William, [106]
Tuscarora War, [94], [95]
Ulstermen, [103]
Unification of the West, [215]
United States, collection of nations, [158];
development since 1890, [311];
federal aspect, [159];
fundamental forces, [311];
original contribution to society, [281-282];
wealth, [312]
U. S. Steel Corporation, [152-153], [247], [265], [313]
Universities, duties, [292];
function, [287];
influence of university men, [285];
need of freedom, [287];
pressure of democracies on, [283];
State and, [286];
see also [State universities]
Upland South, [164];
religious spirit, [164], [165]
Van Buren, Martin, [254], [326]
Van Rensselaer manor, [81]
Vandalia, [229]
Verendryes, the, [180]
Vermont, [69], [72], [77], [78], [111], [122], [136]
Vermonters in Wisconsin and Michigan, [228]
Vicksburg, [201]
Vigilance committees, [212]
Vinton, S. F., [141], [229]
Virginia, [301];
early attempt to establish frontier, [41];
Indian wars, [69-70];
inequalities, coast vs. interior, [113];
interest in Mississippi Valley, [182];
land grants, [91];
land grants to societies, [85];
Piedmont, society, [95];
Piedmont portions, [87], [89];
settlement in latter part of 17th century, [83];
slavery, [122];
two Virginias in later 17th century, [94];
Western democracy and, [250]
Virginia Convention of 1829-30, [28], [31]
Visions, [270], [331], [339-340]
Voyageurs, [17]
Wachovia, [95]
Walker, F. A., [128]
War of 1812, [168], [213]
Washington, George, [92], [124];
Mississippi Valley and, [181], [182], [194], [196], [324];
Ohio Valley and, [163], [167]
Wealth, [213-214], [219], [288], [319];
democracy versus, [192];
in politics, [173];
United States, [312]
Wells (town), [47]
"Welsh tract," [97]
Wentworth, Benning, [77]
West, American ideals and, [290];
beginning of, [6];
center of interest, [327];
constructive force, [206];
contributions to democracy, [243];
factor in American history, [1], [3];
ideals, [209], [214], [267];
indefiniteness of term, [126];
insurgent voice, [319];
main streams of settlement, [215];
mark of New England, [36];
phase of division, [216-217];
population, [35];
problem of, [205];
South and, [196], [197];
warnings against, [208], [209];
Middle West; see also [Old West]; [Old Northwest]
West Virginia, [114]
Westchester County, N. Y., [81]
Western colleges, [36]
Western life, dominant forces, [222]
Western Reserve, [124], [133]
Western spirit, [310]
"Western Waters," [161], [206], [302];
men of freedom and independence, [183]
"Western World," [161], [166], [206], [302];
basis of its civilization, [177]
Wheat, [329];
areas, [149]
Whig party, [27], [173], [304], [351]
White, Abraham, [240]
White, Hugh, [192]
Whitman, Walt, [336]
Wilderness, [262], [269], [270], [279]
Wilkinson, James, [169], [187]
Williams, John (1664-1729), [70]
Williams, Roger, [262]
Windsor, [76]
Winthrop, John, [62]
Wisconsin, [137], [138], [218], [294], [341];
development and elements, [233-234];
German element, [227], [228], [236];
New England element, [228];
settlement, [226], [227]
Wood, Abraham, [98]
Woodstock, [59]
World's fairs, [156]
World-politics, [246], [315]
Wyoming Valley, [79], [124]
Yemassee War, [95]
"Young America" doctrine, [140]

Transcriber's Notes:

The following words appear in the text with and without hyphens. They have been left as in the original.

battle-field	battlefield
coast-wise	coastwise
cow-pens	cowpens
head-rights	headrights
iron-master	ironmaster
new-comers	newcomers
non-sectional	nonsectional
out-vote	outvote
rail-splitter	railsplitters
sea-board	seaboard
slave-holding	slaveholding
tide-water	tidewater
un-won	unwon

The following corrections have been made to the text:

page 25—as the nation marched westward.[period is missing in original]

page 40, footnote 40:5—"American Colonies in the Seventeenth Century,"[quotation mark missing in original]

page 48, footnote 48:4—Sheldon, "Deerfield,"[quotation mark missing in original]

page 49—your honours [original has extraneous opening parenthesis]we haue but litel laft

page 53—the frontier Towns.[original has extraneous quotation mark]

page 68, footnote 68:1—Powell, "Physiographic Regions[original has extraneous single quote]"

page 75, footnote 75:1—Egleston[original has Eggleston], "Land System of the New England Colonies,"

page 86—at least three foot within the ground."[quotation mark missing in original]

page 96, footnote 96:3—(N. Y., 1899)[closing parenthesis missing in original], pp. 149, 151;

page 117, footnote 117:3—pp. 440-447[original has 440-437]

page 118—it was being exploited,[original has period]

page 118, footnote 118:2—N. C.[original has N .C.]

page 123—Preëmption and preëmptions are hyphenated across line breaks in the original. The diaresis has been reinserted in the rejoined words.

page 163—American backwoodsmen[original has backswoodsmen]

page 167—to add the settlements[original has setlements]

page 171—social conditions of the people whose[original has who] needs

page 236—stronghold of resistance[original has resistence]

page 254—formal law and the subtleties[original has subleties]

page 268—that dwarf [original has extraneous word of] those of the Old World

page 310—to pause, to make an end,[original has period]

page 348—to his own business.[original has extraneous quotation mark]

page 353—at least before [original has extraneous word at] the present day

page 362—Bryan, W. J., 204, 236, 237, 246, 281, 327, 330[original has 329]

page 363, under Democracy—Godkin[original has Gookin] on, 307

page 363—Democratic party, 327, 330[original has 329]

page 363—Discovery, 271[original has 270], 293, 301, 306

page 363—Douglas[original has Douglass], William, 109

page 364—Forest[original has Foreign] Service, 320

page 364, under Germans—Palatine, 5, 82, 100, 109, 124[original also lists page 32 in error]

page 366—Henry, Patrick, 94[original has 95]

page 366, under Indians—hunting Indians with dogs, 45[original has 95]

page 367—Kipling, Rudyard, "Foreloper[original has Toreloper]," 270

page 368—Marietta, 124, 133[original has 132], 223, 257

page 368, under Michigan—development and resources, 233[original has 232]

page 371—Pynchon[original has Pyrichon], John, 51, 52

page 373—Spangenburg[original has Spangenberg], A. G.

Spelling and punctuation errors in quoted material have been left as in the original.

The index entry for James Glenn was after the entry for E. L. Godkin. The two entries were reversed to maintain alphabetical order. Index entries for Leicester and Leigh, B. W., were combined with the Legislation entry. Entries were moved as appropriate.