Aztec place-names

by Frederick Starr

LIST OF AZTEC PLACE-NAMES

Acalhuacan. [Place of those who have canoes.] Compounded of acalli (canoe); hua, which is a possessive particle; can (place).

Acamilixtlahuacan. [Where are level fields of rushes.] Compounded of acatl (reed); milli (field); ixtlahuaca (level expanse); can (place).

Acamiltzinco. [Place of small fields of rushes.] Compounded of acatl (rush); milli (field); tzintli, diminutive particle; co (place).

Acapan. [Place of rushes.] Compounded of acatl (reed, rush); pan (place).

Acapetlatlan. [Place of rush mats.] Compounded of acatl (rush, reed); petlatl (mat); tlan (place of abundance).

Acapolco. [Where the rushes were destroyed.] Compounded of acatl (rush); poloa (to destroy, to lose); co (place).

Acatepec. [In the mountain of reeds.] Compounded of acatl (reed); tepetl (mountain); c (in).

Acaticpac. [Over (or above) the canes.] Compounded of acatl (cane); icpac (above).

Acatzinco. [Place of small rushes.] Compounded of acatl (rush); tzintli, diminutive particle; co (place).

Acatzochic. [In the flowers of the cane.] Compounded of acatl (cane); xochitl (flower); c (in).

Acatzochitlan. [Among the flowers of the cane.] Compounded of acatl (cane); xochitl (flower); tlan (among).

Acayocan. [Place full of canes, or rushes.] Compounded of acayutl (full of canes); can (place). Acayutl = acatl (cane) and yutl (full of).

Acazacatla. [Where is abundance of rushes and straw.] Compounded of acatl (rush); zacatl (grass, straw); tla (abundance).

Acocozpan. [In the very yellow water.] Compounded of atl (water); cocoztic (very yellow); pan (in, place).

Acolhuacan. [Place of the Acolhuas.] Compounded of Acolhua, a tribal name; can (place). Acolhua = acolli (shoulder) and hua, a possessive particle.

Acolnahuac. [Near the Acolhuas.] Compounded of Acolhua, a tribal name; nahua (near).

Acozpa. [In the yellow water.] Compounded of atl (water); coztic (yellow); pa (in).

Acuitlapan. [In the water of the filth.] Compounded of atl (water); cuitlatl (excrement); pan (place, in).

Ahuacatlan. [Place of many ahuacates.] Compounded of ahuacatl (ahuacate, alligator pear); tlan (abundance).

Ahuatepec. [In the mountain of live-oaks.] Compounded of ahuatl (live-oak); tepetl (mountain); c (in).

Ahuatzitzinco. [Place of the very small live-oaks.] Compounded of ahuatl (live-oak); tzitzintl, emphatic of diminutive particle; co (place).

Ahuehuepan. [In the cypresses.] Compounded of ahuehuetl (cypress); pan (in).

Ahuexoyocan. [Place of groves of water-willows.] Compounded of ahuexotl (water-willow); yocan (place full of).

Ahuilizapan.=(Ahauializapan.) [In the river of joy.] Compounded of ahauializtli (joy); atl (water, river); pan (in). Through forms perhaps like Ahulizapa, Ulizaba, Olizaba, it has come to be the present Orizaba.

Amacoztitlan. [Where is abundance of yellow paper.] Compounded of amatl (paper); coztic (yellow); ti, a euphonic particle; tlan (abundance).

Amatlan. [Where there is abundant paper.] Compounded of amatl (paper); tlan (where abounds).

Amaxtlan. [Where the water divides.] Compounded of atl (water); maxactli (split, crotch); tlan (place).

Ameyalco. [Where are springs of water.] Compounded of atl (water); meyali (a spring, from meya, to issue); co (where).

Apancalecan. [Place of owners of houses with water troughs.] Compounded of apanatl (water trough); cale (house-owner); can (place).

Atenanco. [Place of the wall of water.] Composed of atl (water); tenamitl (wall); co (place).

Atenco. [Place on the river bank.] Compounded of atl (water); tentli (lip, bank); co (place).

Atlan. [Where water abounds.] Compounded of atl (water); tlan (abundance).

Atlatlauhcan. [In the place of red water.] Compounded of atl (water); tlatlauhqui (red); can (place).

Atlhuelic. [In the good tasting water.] Compounded of atl (water); huelic (good tasting); c (in).

Atlicholoayan. [Where the water falls.] Compounded of atl (water); choloa (to fall, as in a cascade); yan, a verbal termination.

Atotonilco. [Where is hot water.] Compounded of atl (water); totonilli (hot); co (place).

Atzacan. [Place of confined water.] Composed of atl (water); tzacua (to confine); can (place).

Auchpanco. [In the acqueduct—i.e., road of water.] Compounded of atl (water); ochpantli (highroad); co (place, in).

Axocopan. [In the sour water.] Compounded of atl (water); xococ (something sour); pan (place, in).

Ayotlan. [Where turtles abound.] Compounded of ayotl (turtle); tlan (place of abundance).

Ayotochco. [Place of armadillos.] Compounded of ayotochtl (armadillo); co (place).

Ayotochcuitlatla. [Where armadillo excrement abounds.] Compounded of ayotochtl (armadillo); cuitlatl (excrement); tla (place of abundance).

Ayotzintepec. [Place of the little calabashes.] Compounded of ayotli (calabash); tzin, a diminutive particle; tepetl (mountain); c (in, where). Tepec may often be rendered place. Some authors make this name, “place of little turtles,” from ayotl (turtle).

Ayoxochiapan. [At the river of calabash flowers.] Compounded of ayotli (calabash); xochitl (flower); atl (water, river); pan (place).

Azcaputzalco. [In the ant-hill.] Compounded of azcatl (ant); potzalli (earth heaped up); co (in, place).

Aztaquemecan. [Place of capes of white heron feathers.] Compounded of aztatl (white heron); quemitl (feather cape); can (place).

Aztoapan. [In the water of the white herons.] Compounded of aztatl (white heron); atl (water); pan (in).

Cacalomacan. [Where they take crows.] Compounded of cacalotl (crow); maitl (hand); can (where).

Calimayan. [Place where they make houses.] Compounded of calli (house); maitl (hand); ayan (where something is made), a verbal in yan of the verb ay, to make. The a of ma and the initial of ayan are reduced to one.

Caltepec. [In the mountain of houses.] Compounded of calli (house); tepetl (mountain); c (in).

Calyahualco. [Place surrounded by houses.] Compounded of calli (house); yahualli (a circular object); co (place, in).

Camotlan. [Where there is abundance of sweet potatoes.] Compounded of camotl (sweet potato); tlan (where is abundance).

Capulapan. [In the irrigated place where capulins grow.] Compounded of capulin, a kind of fruit tree; atl (water); pan (place).

Centzontepec. [In the four hundred mountains.] Compounded of centzontli (four hundred, many); tepetl (mountain); c (in).

Cihuateopan. [In the temple of Cihuacoatl.] Compounded of cihuatl (woman), here by antonomasia used for the goddess Cihuacoatl; teopan (temple).

Cihuatlan. [Where are many women.] Compounded of cihuatl (woman); tlan (where is abundance).

Cilla. [Where are many snail shells.] Compounded of cilin (a snail shell); tla (abundance). The t is dropped, when coming between ll.

Citlaltepec. [In the mountain of the star.] Compounded of citlalin (star); tepetl (mountain); c (in). The volcano Citlaltepec is now known as Orizaba.

Coacalco. [Place of the house of the snake.] Compounded of coatl (snake); calli (house); co (place).

Coaixtlahuacan. [In the plain of snakes.] Compounded of coatl (snake); ixtlahuaca (plain, level expanse); can (place).

Coatepec. [In the mountain of snakes.] Compounded of coatl (snake); tepetl (mountain); c (in).

Coatlan. [Where is abundance of snakes.] Compounded of coatl (snake); tlan (where is abundance).

Cocotlan. [Place of doves.] Compounded of cocotli (dove); tlan (place).

Colhuacan. [Place of the Colhuas.] Compounded of Colhua, a tribal name; can (place). Place of those who adore Coltzin (the bent, curved, or twisted god); coltic (twisted); tzin, reverential particle; hua, holding or possessing; can (place). Robelo, Dist. Fed. pp. 56-73 gives long discussion.

Coliman. [Place where Colhuas were captured.] Compounded of Colhua, a tribal name; maitl (hand); n (place).

Comaltepec. [In the mountain of griddles.] Compounded of comalli (earthen griddle); tepetl (mountain); c (in).

Comitlan. [Place of making pots.] Compounded of comitl (pot); tlan (place, abundance).

Coyohuacan. [Place where are coyotes.] Compounded of coyotl (coyote); hua, possessive particle; can (where). Robelo suggests—Coyohuacca [Place of the lean coyote.] Compounded of coyotl (coyote); huacqui (lean); can (place).

Coyolapan. [In the water which tinkles.] Compounded of coyolli (=coyulli, bell); atl (water); pan (in, place).

Cozamaloapan. [In the water of the cuzamatl.] Compounded of cuzamatl (=cuzatli, a species of mustela); atl (water, river); pan (place, in).

Cozohuipilecan. [Place of owners of protective tunics.] Compounded of cozo (from cozauhqui, a yellow thing); huipile (owner of a hiupil or skirt); can (place).

Cuahuacan. [Place where they have trees.] Compounded of cuauhuitl (tree); hua, a possessive particle; can (place).

Cuahuitlixco. [Place at the edge of the woods.] Better Cuauhtlixco. Composed of cuauhtla (wood, groved); ixco (before, in front of, at the edge or on the surface).

Cualac. [Where there is good water.] Compounded of qualli (good); atl (water); c (in, where). Better Qualac.

Cuatzontepec. [In the mountain of the tresses.] Compounded of cuatzontli (=quautzuntli, a tress of hair); tepetl (mountain); c (in). The hieroglyph is double. Cuatzontepec of Cuatzontlan.

Cuauhnahuac. [Near the grove.] Compounded of cuauhtla (grove); nahuac (near). This name has become Cuernavaca.

Cuauhquecholan. [Where there are eagles of rich plumage.] Compounded of cuauhtli (eagle); quecholli (rich); tlan (in, where, abundance).

Cuauhquemecan. [Where they have capes of eagle feathers.] Compounded of cuauhtli (eagle); quemitl (feather cape); e, a possessive particle; can (in, where).

Cuauhtecomatlan. [Place of cuauhtecomates.] Compounded of cuauhtecomatl (the crescentia, a tree the gourdlike fruits of which are made into vessels); tlan (place).

Cuauhtecomatzinco. [Where are the little cuauhtecomates.] (See preceding.)

Cuauhtitlan. [Among the trees.] Compounded of cuauhtl (tree); titlan (among).

Cuauhtlan. [Where eagles abound.] Compounded of cuauhtli (eagle); tlan (abundance, where). Might be where trees abound from cuauhtl (tree); tlan—but the hieroglyph gives preference to the first.

Cuauhtochco. [In the place of the mountain cats.] Compounded of cuauhtl (tree); ocotochtli (lynx); co (place, in).

Cuauhxayacatitlan. [Where are many wooden masks.] Compounded of cuauhtl (tree, wood); xayacatl (mask); ti, a euphonic particle; tlan (place of abundance).

Cuauhxilotitlan. [Place of cuauhxilotl.] Composed of cuauhxilotl (=cuajilote, an edible plant, species of Parminteria); ti, a euphonic particle; tlan (place).

Cuauhximalpan. [Among the chips.] Compounded of cuauhximalli (chip); pan (in, where).

Cuezcomahuacan. [Where there are granaries.] Compounded of cuezcomatl (granary); ti, a euphonic particle; can (place).

Cuezcomatitlan. [Where are many granaries.] Compounded of cuezcomatl (granary); ti, a euphonic particle; tlan (place of).

Cuicatlan. [Place of song.] Compounded of cuicatl (song); tlan (place of).

Cuitlapan. [Place of excrement.] Compounded of cuitlatl (excrement); pan (in, place).

Chalco. [Place of the Chalcas.] Compounded of Chalca, a tribal name; co (place). This etymology is doubtful.

Chalco-Atenco. Compound name. See Chalco and Atenco.

Chichicuauhtla. [Where are many chichicuauhtl.] Compounded of chichic (bitter); cuahuitl (tree); tla (abundance). The “bitter-tree,” chichiquauhuitl, is described by Hernandez.

Chiconquiauchco. [Place of seven rains.] Compounded of chicome (seven); quiahuitl (rain); co (place). Probably chiconquiauhuitl should here be considered as a date. Robelo says only twenty (cempoalli) and four hundred (centzontli) are used in Aztec as hyperbolic numerals.

Chilapan. [In the water of the peppers.] Compounded of chilli (pepper); atl (water); pan (in).

Chiltecpintla. [Where are many of the little red peppers.] Compounded of chiltecpintli (small and very sharp red pepper); tla (abundance).

Chimalpan. [Place of shields.] Compounded of chimalli (shield); pan (place, in).

Chipetlan. [Place of Xipe.] Compounded of Xipe (=Totec, “frightful and terrible Lord”); tlan (place).

Ehecatepec. [In the mountain of Ehecatl.] Compounded of Ehecatl (god of the winds); tepetl (mountain); c (in, place).

Ehecatlapechco. [Place of the altar of Ehecatl.] Compounded of Ehecatl (god of the wind); tlapechtli (altar, stretcher); co (place).

Ehuacalco. [In the furrier’s shop.] Compounded of ehuayotl (skin, fur); calli (house); co (place).

Epatlan. [Where there are fox whelps.] Compounded of epatl (fox whelp); tlan (place).

Etlan. [Place of frijoles.] Compounded of etl (frijol, bean); tlan (place).

Huaxtepec. [Where there is huaxin.] Compounded of huaxin (a tree of the family Leguminosae); tepetl (mountain); c (in).

Huaxyacac. [In the promontory where is huaxin.] Compounded of huaxin (as above); yacatl (nose, projection, promontory); c (in).

Huehuetlan. [Place of the old god.] Compounded of huehue (old man); tlan (place). Because in the hieroglyphs heads are constantly deities, Peñafiel assumes huehue stands for Huehueteotl.

Hueipochtla. [Place of the great Opochtli.] Compounded of huey (great); Opochtli (god of fishing); tlan (place).

Hueyapan. [Seaport.] Compounded of hueiatl (the great water, sea); pan (in, place).

Huilotepec. [In the place where are doves.] Compounded of huilotl (dove); tepetl (mountain); c (in).

Huitzannaola. [Where are many spiny pineapples.] Compounds of huiztli (spine, thorn); annona (pineapple); tla, (abundance).

Huitzilapan. [Place of humming birds.] Compounded of huitzitzilin (humming bird); atl (water); pan (place).

Huitzilopuchco. [Place of Huitzilopochtli.] Compounded of Huitzilopochtli (the great god of the Aztecs); co (place).

Huitznahuac. [The thing surrounded by thorns.] Compounded of huitztli (thorn); nahuac (around). The hieroglyph shows double use of this word, which in Spanish is biznaga, a kind of cactus. Huitznahuac-teopan and Huitznahuac-calli = Huitzcalco.

Huitztlan. [Place of thorns.] Compounded of huitztli (thorn); tlan (place of).

Huixachtitlan. [Place of huizaches.] Compounded of huixachin (a species of acacia or mimosa); ti, a euphonic particle; tlan (place).

Icpatepec. [Above the mountain.] Compounded of icpac (above); tepetl (mountain); c (in).

Itzamatitlan. [Place of writers.] Compounded of itztli (obsidian splinter); amatl (paper); ti, euphonic particle; tlan (place).

Itzcuintepec. [In the place of the dog.] Compounded of ixtcuintl (dog); tepetl (mountain); c (in).

Itzihuquilyocan. [Place where plants of indigo abound.] Compounded of itztli (obsidian); xihuquilitl (indigo); yocan (place of abundance). Has this indigo leaves shaped like flint knives?

Itzocan. [Place where they paint or stain the face.] Compounded of itzoca (to have the face dirty); n (place).

Itztlan. [Place of obsidian.] Compounded of itztli (obsidian); tlan (place).

Ixcoyamec. [In the plain of the peccaries.] Compounded of ixco (surface, edge, level); coyametl (wild pig); c (in).

Iztacalco. [In the house of salt.] Compounded of iztatl (salt); calli (house); co (place, in). Where salt is made.

Iztatlan. [Place of salt.] Compounded of iztatl (salt); tlan (place).

Macuilxochic. [In the five flowers.] Compounded of macuilli (five); xochitl (flower); c (in, place).

Malinalco. [Place of malinalli.] Compounded of malinalli (a fibre-plant); co (place). Robelo suggests Malinalxochoco, where they adore Malinalxochitl. She was the sister of Huitzilopochtl.

Mamalhuaztepec. [In the mountain of the fire sticks.] Compounded of mamalhuaztli (fire-stick); tepetl (mountain); c (in).

Mapachtepec. [Where there are mapachi.] Compounded of mapachi (a sort of raccoon); tepetl (mountain); c (in).

Matlatlan. [Place of nets.] Compounded of matlatl (net); tlan (place).

Mazatlan. [Place of deer.] Compounded of mazatl (deer); tlan (place).

Metepec. [In the mountain of magueys.] Compounded of metl (maguey); tepetl (mountain); c (in).

Miacatla. [Where there are canes for arrows.] Compounded of mitl (arrow); acatl (cane); tla (abundance).

Mictlan. [Place of the dead.] Mictlan (dead).

Michapan. [In the river of fishes.] Compounded of michin (fish); atl (water, river); pan (in, place).

Michmaloyan. [Place where they fish.] Compounded of michin (fish); malli (captured); yan, a verbal ending.

Mixcoac. [Place of the cloud snake.] Compounded of mixtli (cloud); coatl (snake); c (in, place).

Mizquitlan. [Place of mesquites.] Compounded of mizquitl (mesquite); tlan (place).

Molotla. [Where sparrows abound.] Compounded of molotl (sparrow); tla (abundance).

Nacochtlan. [Where are ear ornaments.] Compounded of nacochtli (an ear ornament); tlan (place).

Nochtepec. [In the mountain of cactus.] Compounded of nochtli (cactus); tepetl (mountains); c (in).

Nopalla. [Where nopals abound.] Compounded of nopalli (a cactus); tla (abundance). The t is dropped between ll.

Ocelotepec. [In the mountain of ocelots.] Compounded of ocelotl (a feline animal); tepetl (mountain); c (in).

Ocotepec. [In the mountain of pines.] Compounded of ocotl (pine); tepetl (mountain); c (in).

Octlan. [Place of pulque.] Compounded of octli (pulque); tlan (place).

Ocuilan. [Where worms abound.] Compounded of ocuilin (worm, maggot); tlan (place of). The t is dropped between ll.

Olac. [In the black water.] Compounded of olin (black); atl (water); c (in). It belongs to Xochimilco, as the hieroglyph shows.

Olinalan. [In the place of movement, i.e., earthquakes.] Compounded of olin (movement, earthquake); tlalli (earth); tlan (place).

Olintepec. [In the mountain of earthquakes.] Compounded of olin (earthquake); tepetl (mountain); c (in).

Otlatitlan. [Among the canes.] Compounded of otlatl (cane, bambu); titlan (among).

Otonpan. [Where Otomi live.] Compounded of Otomitl, a tribal name; pan (in, place).

Oxitipan. [In the place where they prepare oxitl.] Compounded of oxitl (a black unguent); ti, a euphonic particle; pan (place, in).

Oxitlan. [Where there is oxitl.] Compounded of oxitl (a black unguent); tlan (place).

Oztoticpac. [Above the cave.] Compounded of oztotl (cave); icpac (above).

Pantepec. [In the mountain of the flag.] Compounded of pantli (flag); tepetl (mountain); c (in).

Petlatlan. [Place of mats.] Compounded of petlatl (mat); tlan (place).

Pipioltepec. [In the place of the mountain bees.] Compounded of pipiolin (a honey-making mountain bee); tepetl (mountain); c (in).

Poctepec. [In the mountain of smoke.] Compounded of poctli (smoke); tepetl (mountain); c (in).

Poctlan. [Place of smoke.] Compounded of poctli (smoke); tlan (place of).

Popotlan. [Place of popote.] Compounded of popotl (a sort of grass); tlan (place).

Quetzallan. [Place of quetzals.] Compounded of quetzalli (a bird of brilliant plumage); tlan (place of). The t is dropped between ll.

Quetzalmacan. [Where they capture quetzals.] Compounded of quetzalli (a bird of brilliant plumage); maitl (hand); can (where).

Quetzaloztoc. [In the cave of quetzals.] Compounded of quetzalli (quetzal); oztotl (cave); c (in).

Quetzaltepec. [In the mountain of quetzals.] Compounded of quetzallin (quetzal); tepetl (mountain); c (in).

Quimichtepec. [In the mountain of quimichins.] Compounded of quimichin (a kind of rat-like animal); tepetl (mountain); c (in).

Quiyauhteopan. [Temple of the rain.] Compounded of quiyahuitl (rain); teopan (temple).

Tamazolapan. [Where there are toads.] Compounded of tamazollin (toad); atl (water, river); pan (where).

Tamuoc. [The name is Huaxtec; meaning not considered.] The Aztec hieroglyph is phonetic—tamachia (to measure something); otli (a road); c (place, in).

Teacalco. [Place of stone canoes.] Compounded of tetl (stone); acalli (canoe); co (place).

Tecalco. [Place of stone houses.] Compounded of tetl (stone); calli (house); co (place).

Tecamachalco. [Place of the stone jaw.] Compounded of tetl (stone); camachalli (jaw); co (place).

Teciuhtlan. [Place of stone-rain.] Compounded of tecihuitl (hail, or volcanic cinders—lit. stone-rain); tlan (place).

Tecmilco. [Fields belonging to the government.] Compounded of tecpan (the official building); milli (field); co (place).

Tecoloapan. [Where there are owls.] Compounded of tecolotl (owl); atl (water, river); pan (place).

Tecozauhtla. [Where yellow ochre abounds.] Compounded of tecozauhuitl (yellow ochre); tla (abundance).

Tecpatepec. [In the mountain of flints.] Compounded of tecpatl (flint, flint knife); tepetl (mountain); c (in).

Tecpatzinco. [Where are small flints.] Compounded of tecpatl (flint, flint knife); tzin, a diminutive particle; co (place).

Tecualoyan. [Where fierce beasts prey.] Compounded of tecuani (=tequani fierce beast); yan, a verbal termination.

Tecuantepec. [In the mountain of wild beasts.] Compounded of tecuani (wild beast); tepetl (mountain); c (in).

Tehuitzco. [Place of the rocky place of sharp stones.] Compounded of tetl (stone); huitztli (thorn, spine); co (place). Robelo suggests tehuitztli, a tree with spines as hard as stones; co (place).

Temazcalapan. [In the water of the sweat-baths.] Compounded of temascalli (sweat-bath); atl (water); pan (in, place).

Temohuacan. [Where all go down.] Compounded of temoa (to descend, to go down); can (place).

Tenanco. [Walled place.] Compounded of tenamitl (wall); co (in, place).

Tenantzinco. [Place of small walls.] Compounded of tenamitl (wall); tzin, a diminutive particle; co (in, place).

Teoatzinco. [Place of the sacred water.] Compounded of teotl (god); atl (water); tzin, a diminutive or reverential particle; co (place).

Teocalhueyac. [In the high or upreared temple.] Compounded of teocalli (temple); hueyac (high, prolonged).

Teocaltzinco. [Place of the small temple.] Compounded of teocalli (temple); tzin, a diminutive particle; co (place).

Teocuitlatlan. [Where there is gold.] Compounded of teocuitlatl (gold—i.e., divine excrement, from teotl, god and cuitlatl, excrement); tlan (place of).

Teochiapan. [Where is the sacred chia.] Compounded of teotl (god, hence sacred or dedicated to religion); chia (a species of salvia); pan (place).

Teonochtitlan. [Where there are sacred nopalli i.e., nopals, or cacti belonging to temple properties.] Compounded of teotl (god); nochtli, a cactus; ti, a euphonic particle; tlan (place).

Teopantepec. [In the mountain of the temple.] Compounded of teopantli (temple); tepetl (mountain); c (in).

Teotenanco. [Place of the sacred enclosure or wall.] Compounded of teotl (god); tenamitl (wall); co (place).

Teotlalpan. [Place of the divine lands.] Compounded of teotl (god); tlalli (land, earth); pan (in, place).

Teotliztacan. [Place of the white deity.] Compounded of teotl (god); iztac (white); can (place). The white deity may be Iztaccihuatl.

Tepechpan. [In the rocks.] Compounded of tepexitl (rocks); pan (in, place).

Tepemaxalco. [In the divided mountain.] Compounded of tepetl (mountain); maxaltic (a thing divided or cleft); co (in, place).

Tepetitlan. [Place of mountains.] Compounded of tepetl (mountain); ti, a euphonic particle; tlan (place, in).

Tepetlacalco. [Place of the houses of tepetate.] Compounded of tepetlatl (tepetate, a kind of lava); calli (house); co (place, in).

Tepetlaoztoc. [In the tepetate cave.] Compounded of tepetlatl (tepetate); oztotl (cave); c (in).

Tepetlapa. [In the tepetate.] Compounded of tepetlatl (tepetate); pa (in).

Tepeyacac. [At the end of the mountains.] Compounded of tepetl (mountain); yacatl (nose, point, end or beginning); c (in). This is the place of the apparition of “Our Lady of Guadalupe.”

Tepoztitlan. [Place of copper.] Compounded of tepoztli (copper); ti, a euphonic particle; tlan (place).

Tepuzcululan. [Place where copper is wrought.] Compounded of tepoztli (= tepuztli, copper); coloa (to bend); tlan (place).

Tepuztlan. [Place of copper.] Composed of tepoztli (= tepuztli, copper); tlan (place).

Tequemecan. [Place of stony lands.] Compounded of tetl (stone); cuemitl (inheritance, worked land); can (place).

Tetenanco. [Where is the stone wall.] Compounded of tetl (stone); tenamitl (wall); co (place).

Tetepanco. [Place where are walls of others.] Compounded of te (of some one, of another); tepantli (wall); co (place).

Teteuhtepec. [Place of many gods.] Compounded of teteu (pl. of teotl, god); tepetl (mountain); c (in).

Tetlapanaloyan. [Place where they break stones—i.e., a quarry.] Compounded of tetl (stone); tlapanalo, from tlapana (to break); yan (place in which the action of the verb takes place).

Tetzapotitlan. [Place of zapotes.] Compounded of tetl (stone); tzapotl (zapote, a fruit); tlan (place).

Texcoco. [Place of rock fruits.] Compounded of tetl (stone); xocotl (fruit trees); co (place, in).

Texopan. [Blue place.] Compounded of texotli (blue); pan (in, place).

Tezcacoac. [Place of the snake-mirror.] Compounded of tezcatl (mirror); coatl (snake); c (in, place). The snake-mirror, or mirror-snake may be the god Tezcacoac.

Tezcatepec. [In the mountain of the mirrors.] Compounded of tezcatl (mirror); tepetl (mountain); co (place).

Tizatepec. [In the mountain of white dust.] Compounded of tizatl (white infusorial earth); tepetl (mountain); c (in).

Tizayocan. [Place where tiza is prepared.] Compounded of tizayoa (verbal from tizatl); can (place where).

Tlaahuililpan. [In the watered gardens.] Compounded of tlaauililli (watered garden); pan (place, in).

Tlacotlala. [Where is abundance of potter’s clay.] Compounded of tlacotl (jar); tlalli (earth); tla (abundance).

Tlacozauhtitlan. [Place of yellow earth.] Compounded of tlalli (earth); cozauhi (yellow); ti, a euphonic particle; tlan (place).

Tlachco. [Place of ball-play.] Compounded of tlachtli (ball-play); co (place).

Tlachmalacac. [Uncertain meaning.] It is represented, perhaps phonetically by tlachtli (a ball-ground); malacatl (a spindle); c (in, place).

Tlachquiauhco. [Ball-ground dedicated to Tlaloc?] Compounded of tlachtli (ball-ground); quiahuitl (rain); co (place).

Tlachyahualco. [Place surrounded by ball-play yards.] Compounded of tlachtli (ball-play); yahualli (a circular object); co (place).

Tlalatlauhco. [Where is a great barranca.] Compounded of tlalli (land); atlauhtli (great barranca, ravine); co (place).

Tlaltizapan. [In the field or land of tiza.] Compounded of tlalli (land); tizatl (tiza, white, infusorial earth); pan (in, place).

Tlaollan. [Place of husked and dried maize.] Compounded of tlaolli (maize husked and dried); tlan (place).

Tlapacoyan. [Place where they dye stuffs.] Compounded of a verbal from tlapa (to dye); yan (place).

Tlapan. [Over the earth.] Compounded of tlalli (earth); pan (in, over, place).

Tlatlachco. [Place of the earthen ball-ground.] Compounded of tlalli (earth); tlachtli (ball-ground); co (place).

Tlatlauhquitepec. [In the red mountain.] Compounded of tlatlauhqui (red); tepetl (mountain); c (in).

Tlaximaloyan. [Where carpentering is done.] Compounded of tlaxima (to carpenter); oyan, verbal ending. The word is originally Tarascan and the Aztec form is based not upon the sense, but upon an approximation to sound. The Tarascan name is Taximaroa.

Tliltepec. [In the black mountain.] Compounded of tlilli (black); tepetl (mountain); c (in).

Tochtepec. [In the mountain of rabbits.] Compounded of tochtli (rabbit); tepetl (mountain); c (in).

Toliman. [Where they gather tules.] Compounded of tollin (tule, a marsh grass or rush); mani (active participle of the verb ma, to take with the hand).

Tollan. [Place of tule.] Compounded of tollin (tule); tlan (place).

Toltitlan. [Among the tules.] Compounded of tollin (tule); titlan (among). So Robelo—de la Rosa would consider the ti simply euphonic and the meaning would be the same as the last.

Tonanitla. [Where Tonantzin is venerated.] Compounded of Tonantzin (“Our Mother,” an Aztec deity); ti, a euphonic particle; tlan (where, near).

Tonatiuhco. [Place of the sun.] Compounded of Tonatiuh (sun); co (place).

Totoltzinco. [Place of little water-hens.] Compounded of totolin (a kind of water-hen); tzin, a diminutive particle; co (place).

Tototepec. [In the mountain of birds.] Compounded of tototl (bird); tepetl (mountain); c (in).

Tototlan. [Near the birds.] Compounded of tototl (bird); tlan (place, near).

Toztlan. [Place of tuzas.] Compounded of tuzan (tuza, a small burrowing animal); tlan (place, within).

Tuchpan. [Where there are rabbits.] Compounded of tochtli (rabbit); pan (place).

Tuchtlan. [Place of rabbits.] Compounded of tochtli (rabbit); tlan (place).

Tulantzinco. [Place of the small tules.] Compounded of tollin (tule, a sort of marsh grass or reed); tzin, diminutive particle; co (place).

Tlayacac. [In the first place.] Compounded of tlayacatl (first); c (in).

Tlayacapan. [In the first place.] Compounded of tlayacatl (first); pan (place, in).

Tzapotlan. [Place of zapotes.] Compounded of tzapotl (zapote, a kind of fruit); tlan (place).

Tzayanalquilpan. [In the place of tzatzayanalquiltic—or coaquiltic.] Compounded of tzatzayanalquiltic (a plant described under this name in Hernandez); pan (place, in).

Tzinacanoztoc. [In the cave of bats.] Compounded of tzinacan (bat); oztotl (cave); c (in).

Tzinacantepec. [In the mountain of bats.] Compounded of tzinacan (bat); tepetl (mountain); c (in).

Tzinacantlan. [Where are bats.] Compounded of tzinacan (bat); tlan (place).

Tzompanhuacan. [Place where they have a tzompantli.] Compounded of tzompantli (a frame upon which skulls of sacrificial victims were displayed); hua, a possessive particle; can (place).

Xalan. [Place of sand.] Compounded of xalli (sand); tlan (place, near). Should be Xallan.

Xalac. [In the sandy water.] Compounded of xalli (sand); atl (water); c (in). Should be Xallac.

Xalapan. [Place of sandy water.] Compounded of xalli (sand); atl (water); pan (place, in).

Xaloztoc. [In the cave of sand.] Compounded of xalli (sand); oztotl (cave); c (in).

Xaltepec. [In the sand mountain.] Compounded of xalli (sand); tepetl (mountain); c (in).

Xico. [In the umbilicus.] Compounded of xicotli (umbilicus); co (place, in).

Xicochimalco. [Place of honeycombs.] Compounded of xicochimalli (honey comb, cells); co (place).

Xilotepec. [In the mountain of ears of maize.] Compounded of xilotl (jilote, an ear of corn); tepetl (mountain); c (in).

Xilotzinco. [Place of small ears of maize.] Compounded of xilotl (ear of corn); tzin, diminutive particle; co (place).

Xiuhcoac. [In the place of the turquoise snake.] Compounded of xiuitl (turquoise); coatl (snake); c (in).

Xiuhteczacatlan. [Zacatlan of Xiuhtecutli—i.e., consecrated to fire.] Compounded of Xiuhtecutli (Lord of the year); zacatl (straw); tlan (place).

Xiuhtepec. [In the turquoise mountain.] Compounded of xiuitl (turquoise), tepetl (mountain); c (in).

Xiuhuacan. [Place where they have turquoises.] Compounded of xiuitl; hua, a possessive particle; can (place).

Xoconochco. [Place of the fruiting nopals.] Compounded of xocotl (fruit); nochtli (a cactus, the nopal); co (place).

Xocotla. [Where is abundance of fruit.] Compounded of xocotl (fruit); tla (abundance).

Xochimilcatzinco. [The little Xochimilco.] Compounded of Xochimilco (which see); tzin, a diminutive particle; co (place).

Xochimilco. [Place of fields of flowers.] Compounded of xochitl (flower); milli (field); co (place).

Xochitepec. [In the mountain of flowers.] Compounded of xochitl (flower); tepetl (mountain); c (in).

Xochitla. [Where flowers abound.] Compounded of xochitl (flower); tla (abundance).

Xolochauhyan. [Where they live long.] Compounded of xolochahui (to be wrinkled with age); yan, a verbal ending.

Xometzoyocan. [Place where they gather metzollin fruit.] Compounded of xocotl (fruit); metzollin (= comitl, a plant described by Hernandez); yocatia (to take possession of something); n (place).

Xoyoltepec. [Place of xocoyolli.] Compounded of xocoyolli (a species of rumex); tepetl (mountain); c (place, in).

Yaunahuac. [Near, or surrounded, by yauhtli.] Compounded of yauhtli (a plant with medicinal properties and ceremonial uses); nahuac (near, surrounded by).

Yoalan. [Where night falls early.] Compounded of yoalli (night); tlan (place). Better written Yoallan.

Zacatepec. [In the mountain of zacate.] Compounded of zacatl (straw); tepetl (mountain); c (in).

Zola. [Place of zolin.] Compounded of zolin (=zulin, a kind of bird); tla (abundance).

Zoquitzinco. [Place of little mud.] Compounded of zoquitl (mud); tzin, a diminutive particle; co (place).