FOOTNOTES:

[1] See [Appendix 9].

[2] In [Appendix No. 1] is given a list of the stations where the regiment has been quartered in time of peace.

[3] Brigadier-General Robert Stearne, Brigadier-General Richard Kane, Captain Robert Parker, and Sergeant John Millner, all of the Royal Irish regiment, wrote histories or journals of the wars of William III. and of Anne.

[4] An order to the Master-General of Ordnance, dated 14th February 1689, for the re-equipment of the regiment, gives these figures—

Firelocks.Halberts.Flints.
Pikes.Drums.Bayonets.Tents.
Bandalers (=i.e.
Bandoliers.)
The full number of arms
for the regiment		}579240 39 265165791000156
Whereof the officers
have already		}60075167900
Remain to complete
the regiment		}51924032215005001000156

[5] See [Appendix 9].

[6] See [Appendix 9].

[7] (The names followed by a star are those of officers who had been disbanded by Tyrconnel.)

Colonel—Edward, Earl of Meath.

Lieutenant-Colonel—G. Newcomen (sometimes spelled Newcomb).

Major—Fredk. Hamilton.*

Captains—Robert Stearne, F. Preston, Chichester Philips,* J. Worsopp, G. Hamilton, Parsons Hoy*, Cutht. Wilkinson, John Yarner,* R. Needham, F. Rolleston.

Captain-Lieutenant—R. Pointz.*

Lieutenants—W. Flower,* G. Connock, Ant. Brabazon, W. Usher,* J. Porter, Peter Latham,* Ch. Hubblethorne,* H. West, John Culliford,* N. Carteret,* Ch. Brabazon, Robert Blakeney,* W. Underhill.

Ensigns—J. O’Bryen, J. I. Chichester, G. Brabazon, T. Weldon,* T. Allen, John Philips, Ed. Corker, J. Stroud, J. Leigh, H. Brabazon, T. Wilbraham, R. Kane, R. Pigott.

Surgeon—R. Weldon.

—(Dalton’s British Army Lists and Commission Registers.)

[8] Although the regular regiments were now numbered, it continued to be the fashion for many years to ignore their numbers and call them by the names of their colonels. At the risk of committing an anachronism, the author will at once adopt the modern system, and write of the regiment as the XVIIIth or the Royal Irish.

[9] Walton’s ‘History of the British Standing Army,’ p. 135.

[10] See [Appendix 2 (A)].

[11] Thanks to the industry of Mr Dalton, the compiler of ‘British Army Lists and Commission Registers,’ it is possible to trace with some degree of accuracy the casualties among the officers of the regiment in many, though by no means all the battles and sieges between 1690 and 1712.

[12] In this and many other quotations from the regimental historians the dates are according to the “old style,” and do not correspond with those in this book, which are in the “new style.”

[13] See [Appendix 2 (A)].

[14] Story’s Continuation.

[15] See [Appendix 9].

[16] Stearne.

[17] See [Map No. 2].

[18] A letter preserved among the archives of the Brabazon family shows that as early as 1689 the Earl of Meath was trying to obtain for his regiment its proper place in the army.

To William Blathwayte Esq.
Secretary att warr
att his house in Snt James Parke
London.

Lisnegarney Alias Lisburne
Nov. ye 18th (89)
Duke Schomberg’s hed quarters
Ireland.

Upon my Request to Duke Schomberg Concerning ye post of my Regiment; he told mee all the oather Regiments was posted as ye King had ordered him; of which he could make no allteraction tell he knew farther his Magties pleashure in ye pertickuler of Myne; his Grace appoynted Count Soalmes to enquier farther into this mattr & since by ye Dukes appoyntment bid me give you ye State of my Case; which ye Enclosed Certyfies by our Commissary Generall, (Yarner,) & yt when you ofered it before ye King he doubted not but yt you would procure me an order, to be posted as appeeres by ye Inclosed. I beg ye favour in ye affaire, & yt you will give me a line in ansewer directed to me in this place; which will be a great kindnesse dun to

Ye asshured ffaithll servant

Meath.

I doe hereby Certifie that the Rt. honble the Earle of Granard’s Regiment of foot was form’d into a Regiment the first of April 1684, which was afterwards given to his son the Lord Forbese, and afterwards, as I am informed, to Sr John Edgworth, and now to the Rt honble the Earle of Meath; Dated this 27 day of September 1689.

Abr: Yarner
mustr Genll of their
Majts Forces in Ireland.

[19] Surely the highest compliment ever paid to the Intelligence Department of an Army!

[20] The modern names of the old numbered regiments are given in [Appendix 11].

[21] I.e., Prussians.

[22] When Lord Granard raised the regiment in 1684 a corps of Foot Guards, called the Royal Regiment of Ireland, was on the Irish establishment; in the war between James II. and William III. it sided with the Stuart King, and after the surrender of Limerick it sailed for France to join the army of Louis XIV., where it retained its old name in its new service. The regiments were destined to meet at Malplaquet in 1709.

[23]

Regiment.Officers
killed.		Officers
wounded.		Other
ranks
killed.		Other
ranks
wounded.		Total.
Grenadiers (drawn from}810 150{ 150 } 318
thirteen regiments){about}
17th38101149261
XVIIIth121386185296
Mackay’s21573166256
Buchan’s4965140218
2955475790 1349

[24] See [Appendix 2 (A)].

[25] This was probably an Algerian pirate, one of the swarm of Moorish vessels which for centuries preyed upon the merchantmen of southern and western Europe. When they captured a European ship, the crew and passengers were carried off to Algiers and sold as slaves; if there were women on board, they were bought for the harems of rich Moors. In 1816 England sent a great fleet to Algiers and after a very heavy bombardment, effectually crippled the sea-power of its freebooting population.

[26] In 1745 the XVIIIth had a somewhat similar experience at Mons. See [p. 77].

[27] Millner.

[28] The engagement took place virtually on the same ground as the battle of Blenheim in 1704. French military writers always speak of the second battle as Hochstädt, which is confusing to the English student.

[29] From Parker we learn that the troops used to march off at 3 A.M.; about 9 they reached their camping ground, where “all manner of necessaries for man and horse awaited them, so that the soldiers had nothing to do but to pitch their tents, boil their kettles and lie down to rest.” This admirable system, carefully organised by Marlborough, whose care for his soldiers astonished his foreign colleagues, naturally came to an end after the army had passed out of the territories of the Allied Powers: once in the enemy’s country the British troops had to face many hardships.

[30] The regimental historians do not mention the strength of the detachment. Mr Fortescue states that the battalions on this occasion were made up of contingents of 130 officers and men from each British regiment.

[31] These were a battalion of the Guards, Royal Scots, and 23rd.

[32] ‘The Chronicles of an Old Campaigner,’ by M. de la Colonie (translated by Lieut.-Colonel W. C. Horsley), p. 185.

[33] The British losses given by Millner are practically the same as those adopted by Mr Fortescue (vol. i. p. 427). Sergeant Millner’s casualty return is worthy of reproduction.

Corps loss.Colonels.Lt.-Colonels.Majors.Captains.Sub­alterns.Sentinels.Total.Total each K.andW.
K.W.K.W.K.W.K.W.K.W.K.W.K.W.
German (Horse and Foot)121113410936268113028411821466
Holland­ers212——45198533618563789531311
Hanover1——2122101020189417204451655
Hessians—22——12113149119597223320
Britains (sic)—2261513121658420100145210841536
Total477931526624618113293599141538935308

Of the above corps there were of the lieutenant-generals killed 6, wounded 5; major-generals killed 2, wounded 2; brigadiers wounded 1.

[34] See [Appendix 2 (B)].

[35] See [Map No. 1].

[36] The practice of compelling or inducing prisoners of war to enlist in the army of their captors lasted until the nineteenth century. During the great war with France we had in our pay battalions composed of subjects of every country into which Napoleon had carried his arms. The Emperor had drafted them into his regiments, and when they were taken prisoners they usually preferred to earn pay by enlisting in our army to languishing at Dartmoor or in the hulks. Not unnaturally they showed, as a rule, no great anxiety to meet their former comrades in battle, and usually found their way to the West Indies as garrison troops.

[37] Some French historians, while they admit Tallard’s folly in disregarding the opinion of his colleagues, deny that he used the expression attributed to him by Parker, and father it upon St Ruth at Aughrim.

[38]

(Table—First Part; Batts=Battalions; Sqrns=Squadrons.)

No. ofNo. ofLieutenant-
Corps.Batts.Sqrns.Colonels.Colonels.Majors.Captains.
BritainsK.W.K.W.K.W.K.W.
Foot14—1234161744
Horse and Dragoons—18——1—2113
Total14181244371847
Other Allies.
Holland’s1419
Lunenberg’s1325
Wirtemberg’s*712
Danes—22
Germans**1892
(11 batts. Prussian
7 do. Danes)
Total.66188

(Table—Second Part.)

No. ofNo. of
Corps.Batts.Sqrns.Subalterns.Sentinels.Totals.Total.
BritainsK.W.K.W.K.W.
Foot14—2674509122055713501907
Horse and Dragoons—18810101200113214327
Total14183484610142067015642324
Other Allies.
Holland’s1419Officers and all stations included77214242196
Lunenberg’s1325Do.do.82415802404
Wirtemberg’s*712Do.do.4506741124
Danes—22Do.do.102200302
Germans**1892Do.do.
(11 batts. Prussian
7 do. Danes)		172425004224
Total.66188Do.do.4542794212,484

* (Seven squadrons, three of Hesse)

** (of the Empire, K. of Prussia, Circle of Suabia, Wirtemberg, and other places)

[39] See [Appendix 2 (B)].

[40] See [Appendix 9].

[41] Cust’s Annals, vol. i. p. 51.

[42] See [Map No. 1].

[43] Kane, p. 69.

[44] See [Appendix 2 (B)].

[45] Parker, 133.

[46] See [Appendix 2 (B)].

[47] Other contemporary writers say that a large number of soldiers found a miserable death in the sea of mud through which the army had to struggle.

[48] Owing to the number of villages dotted over the battlefield of Oudenarde it is almost impossible to give a clear description of it in words. Reference to map No. 1 will enable the reader to follow the letterpress without difficulty.

[49] In this cavalry affair the electoral Prince of Hanover, afterwards George II., in charging at the head of a squadron, had a horse shot under him. His rival, the Pretender, served at this battle in the French army.

[50] During the night a large number of French soldiers lost their bearings and strayed into the lines of the Allies. Eugene caught many of them by ordering the drummers to beat the French “retraite,” while Huguenot officers shouted out the rallying cries of various regiments. The unlucky soldiers who answered to the call were pounced upon, disarmed, and marched to the rear.

[51] See [Appendix 2 (B)].

[52] The Duke of Berwick was a natural son of James II.; he was in the service of France, and greatly distinguished himself at the battle of Almanza in Spain by defeating an army of the Allies, in which were a considerable number of British troops. Almanza has curious points of likeness to Fontenoy, for in both battles the British won a great local success, but being unsupported by their Allies were defeated at the end of the day.

[53] Fortescue, vol. i. p. 504.

[54] Millner remarks drily that after the French had flooded the country they thought “they had our Army in a Pound, but searching into the depths thereof they at last found themselves most snared therein.”

[55] Fortescue, vol. i. p. 506.

[56] See [Appendix 2 (B)].

[57] Stearne.

[58] See [Appendix 2 (B)].

[59] See [Map No. 1].

[60] Students of the literature of the Peninsular War will remember frequent mention of the good terms existing between the British and French soldiers when they met on outpost. Things seem to have been much the same in the time of Marlborough, for Millner says that on the night before Malplaquet “several of both sides had frequent and friendly Commerce and Conferences with one another, as if we had been in an alliance together; but at last each man being called to his respective post, our Commerce was turn’d to, and swallowed up in blood, as in the Salutations of the day after appeared.”

[61] The Malplaquet roll (Dalton, vol. 6) gives the names of the officers who were at the battle of Malplaquet. The asterisks show those who fought at Blenheim, not necessarily in the XVIIIth regiment.

Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel—R. Kane.*

Brevet Majors—M. Leathes* and F. de La Penotière.*

Captains—P. D’Offranville,* N. Hussey,* R. Parker,* W. Weddall,* H. Wingfield, W. Leathes,* Ant. Pujolas,* Jas. Lilly.*

Captain-Lieutenant—R. Tripp.*

Lieutenants—S. Gilman, R. Ingoldsby, Jno. Blakeney,* B. Devenish, John Cherry,* T. Carter, Simon Montford, E. Moyle, R. Reed, Ch. Parker, Jas. Pinsent,* R. Selicke.

Ensigns—Jos. Young, Jas. Smith, Jas. Scott, R. Hawkins, T. Broderick, T. Jennings, A. Forster, G. Halfhide, J. Eyre, J. Hamilton, W. Hopkey, G. Mann.

Adjutant—R. Parker.

Quartermaster—Jacob Berger.

Chaplain—Rev. H. Reynolds.*

Surgeon—Thos. Young.

[62] Mr Callaghan, the historian of the Irish regiments in the service of France, throws grave doubts on the accuracy of Parker’s story, which however is corroborated by other officers of the XVIIIth.

[63] See [Appendix 2 (B)].

[64] Parker, who is corroborated by Stearne, tells a very curious story about the grain rations at Aire. After saying that the enemy had carried away all the wheat before the beginning of the siege, he continues, “but we met with a considerable supply, which I fear will scarce be believed by any but those that saw it. But fact it is, that the soldiers found concealments under ground, which the mice had laid up for their winter store, and that in such abundance, that it was a great relief to us toward the end of the Siege. These hoards were from four to six feet under ground, and in many of them our men found some pecks of corn.”

[65] See [Appendix 2 (B)].

[66] See [Appendix 2 (B)].

[67] See [Appendix 9].

[68] It is not known whether any of the XVIIIth were included, but it is probable that Kane brought some of his old regiment with him to the post of danger.

[69] Sayer’s ‘History of Gibraltar,’ p. 295.

[70] Sayer, p. 197. It would be interesting to know if the staff officer who evolved the idea of thus “employing the unfortunate Israelites” was heavily in debt to them!

[71] Sayer, p. 204. This writer mentions that out of the sixty guns in position at the beginning of the bombardment twenty-three were dismounted in seven days.

[72] In 1732 Cosby was succeeded by Sir Charles Hotham, Bart., who on his appointment three years later to a regiment of Guards was replaced by Major-General John Armstrong. See [Appendix 9].

[73] See [Map No. 2].

[74] The only mention of British losses at Ostend in the despatches is a casual reference by Cumberland in a letter, where he speaks of the seventy English soldiers taken by the French in the attack on the covered way.

[75] Continuation of Stearne.

[76] The origin of grenadier companies is mentioned in [Chapter I]. Light infantry companies were officially recognised soon after the end of the Seven Years’ War (1763); they were composed of small, active men, trained to act as skirmishers and in the outpost line. It was the custom to collect the flank companies of different regiments and turn them into provisional battalions: for instance, in the attack on the Terra Nova at Namur the grenadier companies of thirteen battalions were detached from their own corps and brigaded together; and, nearly a hundred years later, both the grenadier and the light infantry companies of the garrison of Boston were used in the same way at Lexington and Bunker’s Hill. After the Crimean War flank companies were abolished.

[77] See [Appendix 2 (C)].

[78] The engagement ought strictly to be called that of Breed’s Hill, but it has always been known as Bunker’s Hill, and will be, as long as the American War of Independence is remembered.

[79] The reinforcements sent to Prescott raised the number of provincials on the peninsula to about 4000, but in Washington’s opinion not more than 1500 were engaged at any one time during the day.—Trevelyan’s ‘American Revolution,’ vol. i. p. 363.

[80] Trevelyan, vol. i. pp. 359, 360.

[81] Some historians consider that this number should be increased to eleven hundred and fifty.—Fortescue, vol. iii. p. 159.

[82] See [Appendix 2 (C)].

[83] The following officers are shown by the muster roll as present at Boston on June 25, 1775:—

Major—I. Hamilton (in command).

Captains—J. Mawby, J. Shee, B. Chapman, J. B. Payne, B. Johnson, R. Hamilton, C. Edmonstone.

Lieutenants—G. Bowes, H. Fermor, John Mawby (adjutant), W. Richardson, W. Blackwood, E. Crossby.

Ensigns—J. Delancey, E. Prideaux, G. Bentricke, T. Serle, F. J. Kelly, C. Hoare, W. Slator.

Quartermaster— —— Batwicke.

[84] Bunbury, ‘Narrative of Campaign in North Holland,’ pp. 3, 4.

[85] See [Map No. 3].

[86] The muster-roll of the XVIIIth Regiment for the six months ending 25th December, 1793, gives the following list of officers:—

Lieutenant-Colonel—D. D. Wemyss, in command.

Major—J. Mawby (on leave).

Captains—W. Conolly, H. T. Montresor (recruiting), T. S. Sebright (on leave), G. H. Vansittart (on leave), T. Probyn, D. McDonald (on leave), J. Richardson, W. Gammell.

Captain-Lieutenant and Adjutant—R. Powell.

Lieutenants—J. Hope, T. G. Montresor (on leave), W. Morgan, C. Dunlop, Sebright Mawby, H. Wolseley (on leave), W. Byron, T. Mandiville (duty), M. Gamble, T. Holme (on leave), C. Grove, J. Woodcock.

Ensigns—W. Johnston, T. Stuart, W. Iremonger, A. Steuart, W. R. Rainsford (not joined), R. T. Bingham (duty), J. Woodcock, F. Pennyman, G. Minchin.

Quartermaster—W. Musgrove (at Gibraltar for recovery of health).

Surgeon—C. Kennelly.

Mate—T. Jackson.

[87] Dundas, ‘Summary Account of Proceedings of Army and Navy at Toulon.’

[88] Minto’s ‘Life of Elliot,’ vol. ii. pp. 205, 206.

[89] See [Appendix 2 (D)].

[90] See [Map No. 3].

[91] Maurice’s ‘Diary of Sir John Moore,’ vol. i. p. 82.

[92] The despatch and Moore’s diary differ slightly about this date, but they are in substantial agreement about the facts.

[93] The “Royal Grenadiers” may be an abbreviation of the grenadier company of the “Royal Regiment of Ireland,” as the XVIIIth was still frequently termed, or of “the Royals.” In the 2nd Battalion of the Royals there were at this time two officers called MacDonald, and in the Royal Irish a captain named Donald McDonald. If Moore was accurate in his spelling of the name, an officer of the XVIIIth shared with the future hero of Corunna the honour of being first into the Mozello. In this assault Lieutenant S. Mawby of the regiment is known to have taken part.

[94] The casualties may have been greater, for the losses in the grenadier and light companies cannot be traced. Lieutenant-Colonel Wemyss’s wound is not mentioned in the casualty returns.

[95] See [Appendix 2 (E)].

[96] See [Map No. 3].

[97] Minto’s ‘Life of Elliot,’ vol. ii. p. 362.

[98] The “proof table” in the muster-roll for Christmas, 1796, shows that the regiment had only three hundred and eighty-seven officers and men “present,” while seventy-eight of all ranks were “absent”: with the corps, either in the mainland of Italy or in Elba, there were only fourteen officers, while twenty-five were on leave or employed elsewhere.

[99] The muster-roll of the XVIIIth for Christmas, 1796, was signed at Elba on April 9, 1797. Among the deaths appears the name of Lieutenant George Mallet, who died during our occupation of the island. When the writer of this history visited Elba many years ago, he noticed on the wall of the garden where Napoleon used to walk during his exile in 1814-15, tablets to the memory of two or three British officers. One of these bore the following inscription:—

“Near this place lyeth the remains of Lieutenant George Mallett of the 18th or Royal Regiment of Ireland who departed this life the 13th of January 1797 in the 18th year of his age.”

Thanks to the good offices of Mr M. Carmichael, H.M. Consul at Leghorn, and to the kindness of Lieutenant-General Count Simminiatelli, commanding the troops in Tuscany, this tablet has been presented to the regiment, and is now at the depôt at Clonmel.

[100] Pulteney had been known earlier in his career as Murray; he changed his name late in life. See [Appendix 9].

[101] This sudden rush of troops to Gibraltar produced great scarcity of food. Eggs were sold at a shilling each, while “moderate-sized turkeys” found eager customers at £3, 10s.

[102] The conquest of Egypt was no new idea to French statesmen. In the middle of the seventeenth century, while Louis XIV. was revolving in his mind schemes for the aggrandisement of France, he was urged strongly, though unsuccessfully, not to seek expansion in Europe, but to make himself master of Egypt, and by establishing her pre-eminence in the Mediterranean secure for his country the trade of the Levant and of the East. See Mahan’s ‘Influence of Sea Power on History,’ pp. 107, 141, 142.

[103] Taken in 1795 from the Dutch, then allies of France.

[104] See [Map No. 3].

[105] The expedition of 1799. Dunfermline’s ‘Life of Abercromby.’

[106] See [Map No. 3].

[107] The historians of this campaign do not agree about the exact strength of Abercromby’s army. The figures in the text are summarised from those given in the Life of Abercromby, written by his grandson, James, Lord Dunfermline.

[108] Two field officers, 5 captains, 16 subalterns, 5 staff, 32 sergeants, 14 drummers, 449 rank and file.

[109] The following officers appear to have landed in Egypt with the regiment:—

Lieutenant-Colonel—H. T. Montresor (in command).

Major—T. Probyn.

Captains—W. Morgue, C. J. Dunlop, H. Snooke.

Captain and Lieutenant—G. Jones.

Lieutenants—J. Jenkinson, P. Hay, J. Hoy, W. Conolly, J. Kennedy, R. Yeale, G. Gorrequer, W. Gunn.

Ensigns—F. Hill, H. Bruley, H. W. Beavan, T. Baylis, —— Hutton, W. Brand, A. Deane, J. Smith.

Paymaster—R. Irwin.

Adjutant—T. Gregory.

Quartermaster—M. M‘Dermott.

Surgeon—G. B. Waters.

Assistant-Surgeon—W. Maxton.

Major S. Mawby rejoined from sick leave during the campaign.

[110] The 8th, 13th, XVIIIth Royal Irish, and 90th regiments.

[111] See [Appendix 2 (F)].

[112] If the statements of two of the officers who left accounts of the campaign are correct, this figure must be too low; Walsh in his Journal says that 1160 dead Frenchmen were counted on the ground on the afternoon of the 21st, while another writer states that 1040 of the enemy were buried after the battle.

[113] See [Appendix 9].

[114] British—cavalry, 510; infantry, 4800 (among whom were the Royal Irish). Turks—cavalry, 600; infantry, 3600; with the combined force were twenty field-guns.

[115] See [Appendix 2 (F)].

[116] The following officers arrived with the regiment:—

Majors—R. Campbell (in command) and C. Dunlop.

Captains—W. Loscombe, H. Snook, G. Reeves, J. Graham, E. Walker, J. E. Inston D. O’Farrall, R. Smyth, T. Murray, C. O’Gorman.*

Lieutenants—R. Huson, F. Hill, J. Janns, J. Stotesbury, G. Andrews, A. Baker, R. Wild, P. Scott, R. N. King, R. Hutton, W. Coulson, A. Deane, T. Barflis.

Ensigns—J. Whitley, J. Strang.

Adjutant—T. Gregory.

Quartermaster—J. Atkins.

Surgeon—G. B. Waters.

Assistant-Surgeons—F. Micklen and W. Carver.

* This officer began life as page to the ill-fated Queen Marie Antoinette.

[117] Sometimes called Haiti.

[118] The officers who went out with the second battalion to Curaçoa were:—

Lieutenant-Colonel—J. W. Graves (in command).

Captains—J. Hoy, P. Bainbrigge, G. H. Gordon, E. H. Smith, R. Percival, J. O’Connell.

Lieutenants—J. Aitken, J. S. Owen, J. Cowper, C. Maxwell, R. Delachnois, W. MacDonald, R. Hopley, C. Carleton, F. Munro, J. Aicken.

Ensigns—L. Hiatt, H. Kennedy, J. E. P. Langharne, E. Stackpoole, T. W. Lowes.

Adjutant—J. Forrest.

Quartermaster—D. Cullen.

Paymaster—H. Salvin.

Surgeon—B. Cory.

Assistant-Surgeons—W. Seaman and W. Crofton.

[119] These figures, obtained from returns filed in the Record Office, are considerably lower than those given in Cannon’s History of the regiment. The names of the officers who died in the West Indies will be found in [Appendix 3].

[120] These islands, acquired by Britain during the Napoleonic war, were ceded by her to Greece in 1864.

[121] Nine companies, consisting of 2 field officers, 7 captains, 16 subalterns, 3 staff, 35 sergeants, 11 drummers, 593 privates—667 all told. The following officers served with the XVIIIth during the whole or part of the China war:—

Field Officers—Colonel G. Burrell; Lieutenant-Colonels H. W. Adams and J. Cowper; Majors R. Hammill, N. R. Tomlinson, W. F. Dillon, J. Grattan, J. J. Sargent, F. Wigston.

Captains—C. J. R. Collinson, W. A. T. Payne, C. A. Edwards, J. P. Mitford, J. C. Kennedy.

Lieutenants—Sir W. Macgregor, Bart., Sir H. Darell, Bart., A. Wilson (adjutant), Hon. C. H. Stratford, G. W. Davis, S. Haly, J. W. Graves, W. A. Gwynne, J. J. Wood, G. Hilliard, A. Murray, F. Swinburne, T. Martin, H. F. Vavasour, D. Edwardes, S. Bernard, J. Cockrane, A. W. S. F. Armstrong, J. H. Hewitt, W. P. Cockburn, H. D. Burrell, C. Woodwright, J. P. Mayo, C. Rogers, W. Venour, E. Jodrell, G. F. S. Call, C. Dunbar.

Ensigns—P. Simmons, E. W. Sargent, J. Elliot, M. J. Hayman, L. M. T. Humphreys.

Paymaster—G. J. Call.

Quartermaster—J. Carroll.

Surgeon—D. McKinlay, M.D.

Assistant-Surgeons—C. Cowen, J. Baker, J. Stewart.

Only three of these officers had been on active service. Burrell had served at the capture of Guadaloupe in 1810 and in the war on the Canadian frontier in 1814; Grattan had taken part in the suppression of the rebellion in Canada in 1832; Dillon had been on the staff at the capture of San Domingo in 1809.

[122] See [Map No. 4].

[123] ‘The War in China,’ by D. McPherson, M.D., pp. 21, 22.

[124] See [Appendix 2 (G)].

[125] Half the troops originally landed at Chusan are said to have died there.

[126] The Chinese always described their enemies from the western hemisphere as Barbarians or Foreign Devils.

[127]

Composition of the Columns.

Right Column.Officers.Other ranks.Total.
Major Pratt, 26th Cameronians{26th Cameronians15294309
Madras Artillery12021
Madras Sappers and Miners13031
with one 6-pr., one 5-in. mortar.
Left Column.
4th (Left) Brigade, Lieut.-Colonel Morris, 49th Regiment{49th Regiment28273301
37th Madras Native Infantry15215230
1 company Bengal Volunteers4112116
3rd (Artillery) Brigade, Capt. Knowles, R.A.{Royal Artillery23335
Madras Artillery10231241
Madras Sappers and Miners4137141
with four 12-pr. howitzers, four 9-pr. and two 6-pr. field-guns, three 5-in. mortars, and 152 32-pr. rockets.
2nd (Naval) Brigade, Capt Bourchier, R.N.}27403430
1st (Right) Brigade, Major-General Burrell{XVIIIth Royal Irish25495520
Royal Marines9372381
—–————
14126152756

[128] This distinction won for Grattan a brevet-majority, and incidentally caused him to become the hero of a curious adventure. The ship in which he was returning from Calcutta took fire in the Straits of Formosa. The boat to which Grattan had been told off was fortunate enough to reach the shore, where her crew, passing themselves off as Americans, were claimed by the United States Consul at Macao, and by him sent on to Hong Kong.

[129] See [Appendix 2 (G)].

[130] This draft of 2 sergeants and 305 privates joined on June 8, 1841; the next, 152 rank and file, arrived about Christmas of the same year; the third, in June, 1842, was only 43 strong. The officers who died were Lieutenants G. W. Davis, S. Haly, and Lieutenant and Adjutant A. Wilson. The latter was succeeded in his appointment by Lieutenant J. W. Graves.

[131] ‘Life of Hugh, first Viscount Gough,’ by Rait, vol. i. pp. 209, 210.

[132] H.M. Paddleship Nemesis.

[133] ‘Doings in China,’ by Lieutenant A. Murray.

[134] The Chinese, like ourselves, have many orders, indicated by the colour of a button, which is worn as we wear the insignia of the C.B., C.M.G., &c.

[135] See [Appendix 2 (G)].

[136] This account of Cushin’s exploits is taken from papers left by General Edwards and Lieutenant-Colonel Graves.

[137] Murray’s ‘Doings in China.’

[138] As Gough’s reinforcements had not yet joined, he only had with him four British regiments and a small number of gunners and engineers. The XVIIIth were 492 of all ranks.

[139] See [Appendix 2 (G)].

[140] In the MS. accounts of this engagement, the writers all mention that the regiment marched off “left in front.” The XVIIIth must have been very well drilled to be able to do this, for in those days very few regiments could move otherwise than “right in front.” This innovation is interesting in connection with the formation of the Royal Irish in the attack on the Dockyard Creek at Sebastopol on June 18, 1855, described in [chapter vii].

[141] How susceptible the Chinese soldiery are to the training of British officers was proved first by the success of Gordon’s army in 1860 (see [chapter xii].), and later, in 1900, by the good conduct of the Wai-Hai-Wai regiment.

[142] Murray tells us that these white trousers were dug up out of store in honour of this ceremonial parade. Throughout the war the XVIIIth wore blue Nankeen trousers.

[143] See [Appendix 2 (G)]. These figures, compiled from documents in the Record Office, are considerably greater than those given in the inscription on the memorial. Probably some of the deaths occurred immediately after peace was made, and were therefore not included among the losses during the war.

[144] Six officers, 6 sergeants, 6 drummers, and 118 rank and file.

[145] February 21, 1849.

[146] Some of the officers embarked in the Buckinghamshire, an ill-fated ship which was burned at sea on March 3, 1851. They escaped with their lives, but the regimental plate, and the trophies won in many campaigns by the regiment, were lost, with the exception of one piece of plate, a gold snuff-box, saved, according to tradition, by an officer who, when the fire alarm sounded, snatched it off the mess table, thrust it into his trousers’ pocket, and brought it safe to land.

[147] The Royal Navy was represented by 6 steamers, 80 guns, 818 officers and men; the Indian Navy by the same number of steamers, 30 guns, 952 officers and men; there were also 7 steamers belonging to the uncovenanted Service, carrying 33 guns, with crews amounting in all to 500. The original land force consisted of 8000 or 9000 troops; later arrivals raised General Godwin’s command to a nominal strength of nearly 20,000.

[148] The following officers served in the war:—

Lieutenant-ColonelT. S. Reignolds, C.B.LieutenantF. H. Suckling.
(in command).”H. F. Stephenson.
”C. J. Coote.”G. A. Elliot.
Brevet-Lieut.-Col.J. Grattan, C.B.”J. Canavan.
MajorF. Wigston.”G. L. W. D. Flamstead.
CaptainC. A. Edwards.”H. Piercy.
”A. Gillespie.”H. A. Ward.
”G. F. S. Call.”J. G. Wilkinson.
”A. N. Campbell.”F. Willington.
”W. T. Bruce.”F. Eteson.
”J. J. Wood.EnsignT. R. Gibbons.
”J. Borrow.”T. H. Smith.
”J. Cormick.”A. H. Graves.
”A. W. S. F. Armstrong.”G. W. Stacpoole.
LieutenantI. H. Hewitt.”W. J. Hales.
”W. P. Cockburn.”T. E. Esmonde.
”C. Woodwright.”G. H. Pocklington.
”R. Doran (adjt.).”W. O’B. Taylor.
”E. W. Sargent (adjt.).”J. W. Meurant.
”M. J. Hayman.Acting PaymasterCaptain A. N. Campbell.
”F. D. Lillie.QuartermasterLieutenant T. Carney.
”W. H. Graves.SurgeonJ. Stewart.
”G. Swaby.Assist.-SurgeonJ. H. Dwyer.
”C. F. Kelly.”W. K. Chalmers, M.D.
”J. Swinburn.

[149] See [Map No. 5].

[150] See [Appendix 2 (H)]. Private Fergusson’s name, however, is not among those who died of wounds.

[151] He was succeeded in the Adjutancy by Lieutenant E. W. Sargent.

[152] See [Appendix 2 (H)].

[153] General Edwards’ statement.

[154] Field-Marshal Viscount Wolseley’s ‘Story of a Soldier’s Life,’ vol. i. pp. 33-35. See a letter from General C. G. Gordon on the same subject, [p. 185].

[155] According to Colonel Elliot’s diary the actual number of Royal Irish who embarked at Prome was nine officers and one hundred and sixty-seven non-commissioned officers and men.

[156] Sir John Cheape’s despatch.

[157] [Appendix 2 (H)].

[158] See [Appendix 2 (H)].

[159] See [Map No. 6].

[160] See chapter v. [p. 120].

[161] The officers were—

Colonel—T. S. Reignolds, C.B. (in command).

Major and Brevet-Lieutenant-Colonel—C. A. Edwards.

Majors—J. C. Kennedy and G. F. S. Call.

Captains—J. Cormick, M. J. Hayman, A. W. S. F. Armstrong, J. Laurie, R. Inglis, H. F. Stephenson, C. F. Kelly, and J. Swinburn.

Lieutenants—J. G. Wilkinson (adjutant), T. E. Esmonde, G. W. Stacpoole, W. O’B. Taylor, R. H. Jex-Blake, J. R. Blacker, E. H. Wilton, W. J. Hales, and A. T. Frederick.

Ensigns—J. T. Ring, J. R. Wolseley, C. J. Coote, T. D. Baker, W. Kemp, F. Fearnley, A. L. Dillon, and C. Hotham.

Quartermaster—M. T. Carney.

Surgeon—W. K. Chalmers, M.D.

Assistant-Surgeons—T. Crawford, —— Ryatt, —— Phillip.

Between January and September 1855 the following joined the regiment in the trenches before Sebastopol:—

Captains—H. A. Ward and G. A. Elliot.

Lieutenants—G. H. Pocklington, J. W. Meurant, J. S. Theobald, R. J. Adamson, A. Cottee, and M. T. Cunningham.

Ensigns—C. N. Fry and H. Shaw.

Joined after September 1855—

Major—A. N. Campbell.

Captains—E. W. Sargent, J. Borrow, and A. H. Graves.

Lieutenants—J. F. Bryant, R. W. E. Dawson, T. M‘G. M‘Gill, C. G. D. Annesley, E. Wilford, S. Darvell, E. D. Ricard, W. B. Burke, R. Bell, and H. Hutchins.

[162] The allied forces at this time consisted of the English, French, and Turkish troops; the Sardinian contingent of 18,000 men under General La Marmora did not reach the Crimea till May, 1855.

[163] In February, to 290 all ranks.

[164] Note by the author—This was no improvement on the Peninsula, where the patients suffering from typhus and dysentery were fed in the same way.

[165] ‘The Crimea in 1854 and 1894,’ by Field-Marshal Sir Evelyn Wood, pp. 204 et seq.

[166] Between November, 1854, and February, 1855, there were 9000 deaths in hospital: at the end of February there were no less than 13,600 officers and men in hospital: and though during that month large drafts raised our strength on paper to 44,000, only 18,000 were “present and fit for duty.”

[167] Captain W. Kemp, probably the last surviving officer of the XVIIIth who served in the Crimea, has supplied the author with much valuable information. When a subaltern of six months’ standing, Captain Kemp was appointed acting adjutant of the regiment.

[168] An extract from Hamley’s ‘War in the Crimea,’ p. 208, will show the inability of the Treasury to realise the needs of the army in the Crimea. The Land Transport Corps was formed by an able and energetic officer, Colonel McMurdo, “who had so well used his opportunities that horses, trained drivers, escorts and vehicles were being rapidly assembled and organised. All this demanded a great outlay, insomuch that on one of the Colonel’s many requisitions, the Secretary to the Treasury, Sir George Trevelyan, had written, ‘Colonel McMurdo must limit his expenditure.’ When the paper returned to the Colonel with these words, he wrote below them: ‘When Sir George Trevelyan limits the war, I will limit my expenditure!’”

[169] The influence of Napoleon III.’s personal ambition on the conduct of the siege and the effect of the rivalries of his Generals are well described in Hamley’s ‘Crimea,’ wherein the student may learn how difficult, if not impossible, it is for the chiefs of two allied powers, engaged in the same operation of war, to see eye to eye, even on the most important occasions.

[170] A small rounded hillock, not to be confused with “the Mamelon,” the outwork to the Malakoff.

[171] Russell’s ‘The War,’ vol. i. pp. 490 et seq.

[172] According to a tradition in the regiment, the men found the breakfast-tables laid for the Russians whom they had so rudely dispossessed, and promptly availed themselves of the hospitality of their enemies!

[173] The Victoria Cross was instituted in 1856. Before that time the only way in which a non-commissioned officer or private soldier was rewarded for conduct meriting higher recognition than a medal for meritorious conduct in the field was by a dole of money. For officers there was no decoration to commemorate a deed of remarkable courage.

[174] Eyre’s capture of the cemetery and suburb was officially included in the attack on the Redan.

[175] See [Appendix 2 (I)].

[176] Early in 1855 the Government realised that tents were unsuitable quarters for the besieging army: and wooden huts were sent off to the Crimea, not of one, but of several sizes and patterns. This want of uniformity in design caused great confusion, and the XVIIIth had not received its full complement of huts at the time of the attack on the Redan.

[177] Since the Russian War no subjects of a foreign power have been enlisted in a body to serve under the British flag. At the end of the Crimean War a considerable number of the German legion were sent at their own request to South Africa as settlers, where they became useful members of the white population. During the last war with the Boers, the author met in a Free State town an old German cobbler, who, after proudly dilating on his services in the Legion, explained that though he was too old again to shoulder a rifle with the British, he would be proud to mend their boots!

[178] These numbers, which are taken from official documents in the Record Office, do not agree completely with those on the Crimean “Memorial” in St Patrick’s.

[179] One of the drafts had a narrow escape from shipwreck in the Sea of Marmora. Their transport, the s.s. Cleopatra, in the middle of the night of August 15th was in collision with another steamer, the Simla, which was so badly injured that her captain ran her ashore to prevent her from sinking in deep water; the Cleopatra was cut down to the water’s edge, but managed to reach the Golden Horn, where the troops were at once transhipped and sent on to Balaclava.

[180] See [Appendix 4].

[181] From the muster roll of June 25, 1858, it appears that the officers in India at that date were—

Colonel—C. A. Edwards (in command).

Lieutenant-Colonel—G. F. S. Call.

Majors—J. Borrow, A. N. Campbell, E. W. Sargent.

Captains—C. G. D. Annesley, J. Canavan, G. A. Elliot, W. F. G. Forster, W. H. Graves, H. M. Havelock, C. F. Kelly, G. H. Pocklington, J. Swinburn, W. O’B. Taylor, R. H. J. Black, R. P. Bishopp.

Lieutenants—R. J. Adamson, T. D. Baker, J. R. Blacker, J. F. Bryant, W. B. Burke, S. Darvell, C. Hotham, W. Kemp (adjutant), J. T. Ring, H. Shaw, J. S. Theobald, F. Fearnley, E. L. Dillon, E. A. Noblett, H. Adams, R. H. Daniel, E. Hall, I. Wiley.

Ensigns—J. F. Daubeny, W. T. Le Brunn, T. Watt.

Surgeon—T. Crawford, M. D.

Assistant-Surgeons—F. Ffolliott, R. A. Hyde, C. E. Porteous, M.D.

Quartermaster—T. Carney.

Paymaster—C. E. Preston.

[182] See [Appendix 2 (J)].

[183] See [p. 119].

[184] Drummer Joseph Timmins sounded the first “Fall-in” for the second battalion. After long service with the Colours, he was appointed to the permanent staff of the third battalion at Wexford. He was discharged about 1890, and died a few years later.

[185] Letter of thanks to the regiment from P. B. Le Bin, Lieutenant-Judge of Alderney, 1st November, 1862.

[186] The following officers left England with the battalion, or joined during the New Zealand war:—

Lieutenant-Colonel—A. A. Chapman, in command.

Major and Brevet-Colonel—G. J. Carey.

Major—J. H. Rocke.

Captains—Sir H. M. Havelock, V.C. (who later assumed the name of Havelock-Allan), J. Inman, W. D. Chapman, R. P. Bishopp, E. A. Anderson, J. T. Ring, T. D. Baker, W. Kemp, F. Fearnley, E. L. Dillon, E. A. Noblett, H. Shaw, J. F. Daubeny.

Lieutenants—R. W. E. Dawson (adjutant), T. C. Wray, E. Hall, J. A. J. Briggs, S. T. Corrie, W. F. Thacker, E. A. Marsland, G. A. Nicolls, C. G. Minnitt, W. T. Croft, J. J. R. Russell, F. P. Leonard, O. R. Lawson.

Ensigns—J. B. Jackson, C. Dawson, A. J. A. Jackson, J. G. Butts, B. G. Haines, C. G. Phillips, F. J. S. Pringle, H. D. Bicknell, W. E. Chapman, H. Jones, D. R. Macqueen, G. B. Jenkins, J. C. Fife, A. R. H. Swindley, E. C. Milner.

Adjutant—Lieutenant R. W. E. Dawson.

Quartermaster—J. Stainforth.

Surgeon—G. W. Peake, M.D.

Assistant-Surgeon—W. I. Spencer.

Paymaster—C. F. Heatly.

[187] See [Map No. 7].

[188] ‘The War in New Zealand,’ by W. Fox, late Colonial Secretary and native Minister of the Colony, pp. 30-32.

[189] 1st battalion, 12th, and 2nd battalions, 14th and XVIIIth regiments, and the 40th, 57th, 65th, and 70th regiments, which were still one-battalion corps. There were detachments of Royal Artillery and Royal Engineers, a Military Train, a Naval brigade, and various Colonial corps, including a contingent of friendly natives. The 43rd, 50th, and 68th regiments, and a considerable number of volunteers enlisted in Australia, reached New Zealand later in the war.

[190] Pember Reeves, ‘The Long White Cloud,’ pp. 48, 49.

[191] Brevet-Colonel Carey, Lieutenant-Colonel Havelock, afterwards Havelock-Allan, V. C., D.A.Q.M.G., and Captain T. D. Baker, A.M.S., were so constantly mentioned in despatches throughout the war that it is unnecessary to record the fact after each affair in which they were engaged.

[192] The regimental records of the New Zealand War are far from complete, for the battalion was constantly broken up into small detachments, buried in stockades in the depths of the bush. Between these detachments and headquarters communication was most difficult, and for weeks, and even months, the various portions of the regiment knew nothing of each other’s proceedings.

[193] ‘Bush Fighting: The Maori War,’ by Major-General Sir J. E. Alexander, p. 59.

[194] See [Appendix 2 (K)].

[195] Native house or hut.

[196] See [Appendix 2 (K)].

[197] See [Appendix 2 (K)]. It was not until the bush had been cleared for two hundred yards on each side of the track that waggons could move through the forest of Hunua with safety.

[198] G. W. Rusden, ‘History of New Zealand,’ vol. ii. p. 45. In another passage (p. 173) this author considers that the destruction of this war party signally foiled the Maoris’ scheme of attack on Cameron’s left and rear.

[199] Captain Kemp and Captain Briggs have supplied the author with valuable information—the former by sending extracts from his diary, the latter by recording his reminiscences of the campaign.

[200] The strength on December 1, 1863, of the ten companies of the second battalion of the XVIIIth was 2 field officers, 9 captains, 20 subalterns, 5 staff, 47 sergeants, 22 drummers, 763 rank and file fit for duty, and 24 sick, or a total of 892 of all ranks.

[201] Alexander, p. 129.

[202] This column was composed of 728 of all ranks; among them was a detachment of the Royal Irish—1 captain, 3 subalterns, 1 staff, 5 sergeants, 3 drummers, and 140 rank and file. The smaller columns were 250 and 100 strong.

[203] Carey’s despatch.

[204] Rusden, vol. ii. p. 205.

[205] Some of the historians of the New Zealand War assert that these assaults were ordered by General Carey: others hold that they were unauthorised: the balance of evidence is in favour of the latter opinion.

[206] Rusden, vol. ii. pp. 207, 208.

[207] Two anecdotes will show how stern was the courage of the Maori warriors. General Alexander describes how an officer was standing at the head of the sap, watching his opportunity to enter the pah. The head of a fierce-looking Maori appeared above the parapet, but the Englishman was a quick shot and the head disappeared. When the troops got into the works the officer looked for the man he had hit. The Maori had dropped with a bullet through his brain, but this death-wound was not his only injury. Some time during the siege his leg had been broken and roughly bound up with flax and a tent-peg, to enable him to go on fighting. In the retreat a native for some time escorted a party of women and children. “As his pursuers approached,” says Mr Rusden, “he turned and knelt down to take deliberate aim. Time after time, without firing a shot, he thus arrested the pursuit while the women fled. At last he himself was shot, and it was found that his gun was not loaded.”

[208] See [Appendix 2 (K)].

[209] General Alexander tells an interesting anecdote about the fighting in the Taranaki district in 1864. In a skirmish the son of a chief was made a prisoner, badly wounded in the leg. To save his life the surgeons amputated the limb, and when the young man was fit to be moved a message was sent to his father that he might take the lad back to his village. The chief was very grateful for the kindness his son had received at our hands; he presented the General with a cartload of potatoes, and assured him that in future he would not kill any wounded soldiers who fell into his hands, but would only cut off one of their legs and send the men back to camp!

[210] Fox, pp. 126, 139, 140.

[211] Hence the name “Hau-Haus,” by which these fanatics were generally known.

[212] The official description of the act of bravery for which Captain Shaw was awarded the Victoria Cross is as follows: “For his gallant conduct at the skirmish near Nukumaru in New Zealand, in proceeding under a heavy fire with four privates of the regiment who volunteered to accompany him to within thirty yards of the bush occupied by the rebels, in order to carry off a comrade who was badly wounded. On the afternoon of that day Captain Shaw was ordered to occupy a position about half a mile from the camp. He advanced in skirmishing order, and, when about thirty yards from the bush, he deemed it prudent to retire to a palisade about sixty yards from the bush, as two of his party had been wounded. Finding that one of them was unable to move, he called for volunteers to advance to the front to carry the man to the rear, and the four privates referred to accompanied him, under a heavy fire, to the place where the wounded man was lying, and they succeeded in bringing him to the rear.”

[213] See [Appendix 2 (K)].

[214] The only event recorded of the stay of the XVIIIth at Patea is the death of two young officers, Lieutenants Lawson and Jenkins, who, unable to swim, were carried by the tide out of their depth and drowned.

[215] The unavowed but well-understood object of this reduction in the regular forces in New Zealand was to throw upon the colonists the chief burden and expense of the war, of which the Home Government was thoroughly weary.

[216] Lieutenant-Colonel Chapman was invalided home in June. As Brevet-Colonel G. J. Carey was an acting Brigadier-General, Rocke, as the next senior officer, assumed the command of the battalion.

[217] Not to be confounded with the camp near Auckland.

[218] It was not till 1870 that the last embers of the rebellion were completely stamped out by the local forces of New Zealand.

[219] See [Appendix 4].

[220] See [Appendix 2 (K)]. The rivers in New Zealand took heavy toll from the Royal Irish, eight of whom were drowned in fording streams.

[221] Three Field-Officers, 8 Captains, 12 Lieutenants, 5 Ensigns, 1 Surgeon, 1 Assistant-Surgeon, 1 Paymaster, 1 Quartermaster, 49 Sergeants, 21 drummers, 759 rank and file.

[222] Governor Sir G. Bowen to Colonial Office, 9th March 1869.

[223] Now “colonies” no longer, but “States” of the Australian Commonwealth.

[224] Among the other officers mentioned was Lieutenant H. S. F. Bolton, who enlisted in the army in 1859: obtained his commission in the West India regiment; was a special service officer in Ashantee, and finished his career as a major in the Royal Irish regiment. He is now one of the military Knights of Windsor.

[225] As Lieutenant-Colonel G. F. S. Call had already started on his homeward voyage, Major E. W. Sargent was in command; the other officers with him were Captains C. J. Coote, J. F. Bryant, and R. I. Adamson; Lieutenants J. W. Home, T. B. Meredith, J. F. Mosse, W. Sherlock, and T. N. R. Burton; Ensigns G. A. Macdonnell, H. B. Moore, G. C. Irving, T. H. S. Sewell, G. W. N. Rogers; Adjutant W. H. Herbert; Paymaster R. B. Farwell; Quartermaster M. Hackett; Surgeon J. H. Lewis; Assistant-Surgeons H. A. Coglan and W. Orr.

[226] See [chapter vii].

[227] See [Appendix 9].

[228] See [Appendix 9].

[229] The following officers of the regiment served in the Afghan War:—

Lieutenant-Colonel—M. J. R. MacGregor.

Majors—R. I. Adamson and H. Shaw, V.C.

Captains—A. J. A. Jackson, J. G. Butts, J. Blair, H. F. S. Bolton, W. W. Lawrence, St G. A. Smith, E. Tufnell, and J. W. Graves.

Lieutenants—S. Phillips, J. B. Forster, J. H. A. Spyer, P. A. Morshead, H. S. Lye (adjutant till promoted captain), S. S. Parkyn, C. E. Le Quesne, H. M. Hatchell, Hon. M. H. H. McDonnell, and P. B. Lindsell.

Second Lieutenants—N. A. Francis (adjutant), R. M. Maxwell, A. I. Wilson, D. M. Thompson, B. J. C. Doran, E. B. W. J. Fraser, S. Moore, H. F. Loch, and H. E. Richardson.

Quartermaster—R. Barrett, succeeded by Sergeant-Major W. Jamieson.

Paymaster—Captain J. Forbes-Mosse.

[230] The names will be found in [Appendix 2 (L)]. A memorial to those who lost their lives in Afghanistan, in Egypt in 1882, and the Nile campaign of 1884-85 is in the barrack square of the depôt at Clonmel.

[231] See [Appendix 9].

[232] See [Appendix 9].

[233] See [Map No. 8].

[234] Cromer’s ‘Modern Egypt,’ vol. i. pp. 91, 92.

[235] The figures quoted are all in British currency.

[236] The British Government in 1875 suddenly bought up four millions’ worth of Suez Canal shares, owned by the Khedive, which he was about to put upon the market. This stroke of policy made England a large shareholder in the Canal Company, and therefore gave her an important position in the commercial management of its affairs.

[237] About 90,000 Europeans, chiefly English and French, carried on business in Egypt at this time.

[238] Lord Cromer’s ‘Modern Egypt,’ vol. i., gives an excellent account of the European diplomacy of this period.

[239] A quaint report by an Egyptian officer in charge of a battery “complained of the very improper conduct of the English fleet in that, whilst his men were at work on the battery at night, suddenly a blaze of electric light was thrown upon them, so that what they were doing could be seen as if it were day—a proceeding which, as the officer avers, was distinctly discourteous on the part of the English.”—Maurice, ‘Military History of the Campaign of 1882 in Egypt.’

[240] Reinforcements of many thousands more were on their way to Egypt when the collapse of Arabi’s rebellion rendered their presence at the front unnecessary.

[241] Maurice, p. 41.

[242] Maurice, pp. 25, 26.

[243] The officers who went out to Egypt with the battalion were Brevet-Colonel C. F. Gregorie (in command); Majors J. M. Toppin and G. W. N. Rogers; Captains J. H. Daubeney, C. E. Dixon, C. E. G. Burr, H. S. Lye, C. E. Le Quesne, and H. M. Hatchell; Lieutenants E. J. Grant, A. G. Chichester, J. H. Chawner, G. H. Symonds (Adjutant), D. G. Gregorie, A. S. Orr, W. R. B. Doran, A. T. Ward, H. D. Daly; Quartermaster and Honorary Captain T. Hamilton; Surgeon J. Prendergast, A.M.D.; Paymaster P. A. Robinson. Attached to the battalion were Captains C. N. Jones (Connaught Rangers) and H. H. Edwards (Royal Welsh Fusiliers); Lieutenants G. P. Hatch (Wiltshire regiment), N. L. Pearse (Derbyshire regiment), H. H. Drummond-Wolff (Royal Fusiliers), and E. M. Barttelot (Royal Fusiliers).

[244] See [Appendix 2 (M)].

[245] Otherwise known as the Sweet-water Canal.

[246] The orders directed that the water-bottles should, if possible, contain cold tea, the beverage which Lord Wolseley constantly recommended on active service.

[247] It was forbidden to strike matches, so watches could not be consulted.

[248] This distance is understated; it was probably more than 800 yards.

[249] A delightful story is told of one of the XVIIIth who was asked on his return home how many of the enemy had fallen. He replied, “I don’t just know, but I killed devil a one less than five hundred with my own bayonet!”

[250] The names will be found in [Appendix 2 (M)]. There is a memorial to those who died in this campaign in the barrack square of the depôt at Clonmel.

[251] The mosquitos at Alexandria appear to have made a great impression, not only on the bodies, but also on the imaginations of the young officers of the Royal Irish. One subaltern stated that these pests had bitten his foot through the sole of a shooting boot, while another asserted that the mosquitos were so intelligent and so strong that three of them used to combine to lift up his mosquito-net to allow their friends to feast upon his hot Irish blood.

[252] Colvile, ‘History of the Soudan Campaign’ (official), p. 1.

[253] See [Map No. 9].

[254] Colonel Stewart had already been to Khartoum, where he was sent on a tour of inspection soon after the European officers had demanded large reinforcements to enable them to make head against the Mahdi.

[255] The junior ranks of the British army are so used to receiving their rations with regularity on active service that they appear to think the Army Service Corps can feed them as the ravens fed Elijah. They do not realise the enormous amount of thought and calculation which have been lavished on the subject for months before the opening of a campaign. It is not within the scope of a regimental history to describe in detail the process by which Lord Wolseley succeeded in feeding his column in a country the principal products of which are water and sand. Those who wish to study the subject will find full information in Colvile’s ‘History of the Soudan Campaign,’ and Butler’s ‘Campaign of the Cataracts.’

[256]

Lieutenant-Colonels—H. Shaw, V.C. (in command), T. C. Wray (second in command).

Majors—A. W. Simpson, E. Tufnell, C. E. Dixon.

Captains—J. H. A. Spyer, J. B. Forster, H. W. N. Guinness, W. J. F. Morgan, A. M. Boisragon.

Lieutenants—C. M. Stevens, A. I. Wilson, B. J. C. Doran, S. Moore (adjutant), K. P. Apthorp, E. F. Hickman, L. C. Koe, and W. R. B. Doran. Lieutenant H. J. Jones joined at Wadi Halfa on December 8.

Quartermaster and Honorary Lieutenant—W. Jamieson.

Paymaster and Honorary Major—J. Forbes-Mosse (attached; before joining the pay department this officer had been in the XVIIIth).

Surgeon—Captain G. B. Hickson, Medical Staff.

[257] Colvile’s ‘History of the Soudan Campaign,’ vol. i. pp. 117-119.

[258] The cataract of Kaiber is termed the Third. It should really be numbered the Eighth. Butler, ‘Campaign of the Cataracts,’ p. 200.

[259] For the benefit of the civilian reader it must be explained that “Skipper” is army slang for the officer commanding a company.

[260] Captain Forster’s marching-out state at Sarras showed a total of ninety-two in his company; his marching-in state at Korti only seventy-seven of all ranks.

[261] This name is spelt Jakdul in some maps.

[262] The Maconochie ration, so much appreciated during the war of 1899-1902, was not then in use.

[263] See [Appendix 2 (N)].

[264] Colvile’s ‘History of the Soudan Campaign,’ vol. ii. p. 73.

[265] Marching-out state from Abu Klea, 23rd February 1885:—

Corps.Officers.Other Ranks.
Avail-Sick.Total.Avail-Sick.Total.Camels.Horses.Natives.
able.able.
Naval Brigade,11111022104
XIXth Hussars,1113114
Light Camel Regiment,131141966202
Mounted Infantry Camel Regiment,201213115316
Royal Artillery,6675277
Royal Engineers,222424
Royal Irish Regiment,2112259613609
Royal Sussex do.,772177224
Royal West Kent do.,112121
Commissariat and Transport Corps,663838
Medical Staff Corps,5164343
Headquarter Staff,6644
Army Chaplain,11
10041041640361676118030386

[266] 25 officers, 3 warrant officers, 33 sergeants, 15 drummers, 891 rank and file.

[267] The following officers of the Royal Irish regiment served in the Hazara campaign:—

Lieutenant-Colonel and Brevet-Colonel—G. W. N. Rogers.

Major—R. K. Brereton.

Captains—W. J. F. Morgan, F. J. Gavin, A. N. Lysaght, Brevet-Major—B. J. C. Doran.

Lieutenants—K. P. Apthorp, A. S. Orr, W. R. B. Doran, A. T. Ward, P. de S. Bass, H. J. Downing, A. B. King, L. C. Koe, J. E. Cullinan, C. W. Garraway, T. L. Segrave, G. O. R. Wynne, C. W. Walker, W. Gloster, R. O. Kellett.

Paymaster—Honorary Captain P. A. Robinson.

Quartermaster—Honorary Major T. Hamilton.

[268] The distances are only approximate.

[269] The column marched in the following formation. The advance-guard of two companies of the Royal Irish was followed in succession by brigade headquarters, two guns, and three companies of Native infantry. Then came the headquarters of the column, the remainder of the Royal Irish, two more guns and some Gatlings, five companies of native infantry, the regimental reserve ammunition, a company of native infantry, the Field hospital, and a detachment of Royal Engineer telegraphists. In rear was the whole of the baggage, including the seven days’ supply, escorted by four companies of native infantry.

[270] These are the official figures. In the opinion of some of the officers who were present they are too high.

[271] As the official account states that eighty-eight dead bodies were found on the ground over which the swordsmen attempted to charge, it is clear that the Royal Irish used their weapons to good purpose.

[272] This trophy, pierced with more than one bullet, hangs in the Officers’ Mess of the second battalion.

[273] While the regiment was at the front Mr Rudyard Kipling in a ballad made the immortal Mulvaney predict the result of sending an Irish corps on a campaign where field canteens were not allowed. Thanks to the kind permission of Mr Kipling the ballad is reproduced.

“THE WAY AV UT!”

“The Black Mountain Expedition is apparently to be a tetotal affair.”—Vide ‘Civil and Military Gazette,’ October 5, 1888.

“A charge of Ghazis was met by the Royal Irish, who accounted for the whole of them.... The Royal Irish then carried the position.”—‘Pioneer.’

“I met with ould Mulvaney and he tuk me by the hand,

Sez he: ‘Fwhat kubber’ from the front, and will the Paythans stand?”

“O Terence, dear, in all Clonmel such things were never seen,

They’ve sent a rigimint to war widout a fiel’ canteen!

“’Tis not a Highland rigimint, for they wud niver care,

Their Corp’rils carry hymn-books an’ they open fire wid prayer—

’Tis not an English rigimint that burns a blue light flame,

’Tis the Eighteenth Royal Irish, man! as thirsty as they’re game!

“An’ Terence bit upon his poipe, an’ shpat behin’ the door—

‘’Tis Bobs,’ sez he, ‘that knows the thrick av making bloody war.

Ye say they go widout their dhrink?” “and that’s the trut,”’ sez I!

“Thin Heaven help the Muddy Khels they call an Akazai!

“I lay wid them in Dublin wanst, an’ we was Oirish tu,

We passed the time av day, an’ thin the belts wint ‘whirraru,’

I misremember fwhat occurred, but, followin’ the shtorm,

A ‘Freeman’s Journal’ Supplemint was all my uniform!

“They’re rocks upon parade, but oh! in barricks they are hard—

They’re ragin,’ tearin’ divils whin there’s ructions on the kyard—

An’ onless they’ve changed their bullswools for a baby’s sock, I think

They’d rake all Hell for grandeur—an’ I know they wud for dhrink!

“An’ Bobs has sent them out to war widout a dhrop or dhrain?

’Tis he will put the ‘jildy’ in this dissolute campaign.

They’d fight for frolic half the year, but now their liquor’s cut,

The wurrd ’l go: ‘Don’t waste your time! the bay’net and the butt!’

“Six hundher’ stiflin’ throats in front—tu hundher’ lef’ behind

To suk the pickins av the cask whiniver they’ve a mind!

I would not be the Paythan man forninst the ‘Sungar’ wall

Whin those six hundher gintlemen projuce the long bradawl!

“They will be dhry—tremenjus dhry—an’ not a dhram to toss—

Divils of Ballydaval, Holy Saints av Holy Cross!

An’ Holy Cross they all will be from Carrick to Clogheen,

Thrapesin’ after naygur-log widout a fiel’ canteen.

“Will they be long among the hills? my troth, they will not so—

They’re cramming down their fightin’ now to have ut done, an’ go—

For Bobs, the Timp’rance Shtrategist, has whipped them on the nail.

’Tis cruel on the Oirish, but—’tis murther on the Kheyl!”

[274] See [Appendix 2 (O)].

[275] The following officers took part in the Tirah Campaign:—

Lieutenant-Colonel—W. W. Lawrence (in command).

Majors—J. B. Forster, H. S. Lye, F. J. Gavin, E. Lindesay.

Captain and Brevet-Major—B. J. C. Doran (served on the staff throughout the operations and was mentioned in despatches).

Captains—A. S. Orr, A. B. King, D. H. Davis (adjutant), G. F. R. Forbes, R. G. S. L. Moriarty, H. N. Kelly.

Lieutenants—J. B. S. Alderson, C. E. Galway, F. L. Fosbery, E. F. Milner, E. H. E. Daniell, W. H. White, F. M. Watkins, F. S. Lillie.

2nd Lieutenants—C. de J. Luxmore, T. J. Willans, L. J. Lipsett, H. W. R. Potter, G. W. P. Haslam, T. C. FitzHugh, M. Furber, J. G. Lawrence, D. Barton.

Quartermaster and Hon. Lieutenant—J. J. Fox.

Surgeon—Major C. R. Bartlett, R.A.M.S.

The following officers were attached to the battalion:—

Captain—G. L. Hobbs, the Connaught Rangers.

Lieutenants—H. E. Tizard, Royal Munster Fusiliers; B. C. W. Williams, Yorkshire regiment; A. J. B. Church, the Connaught Rangers; F. A. D’O. Goddard, Royal Munster Fusiliers; H. R. G. Deacon and F. J. Byrne, both of the Connaught Rangers; G. A. Ellis and M. L. Pears, both of the Cameronians (Scottish Rifles).

Second Lieutenant—H. W. Gough, the Connaught Rangers.

[276] During the short time the battalion was at the front no less than 455 of the Royal Irish fell ill and were admitted into hospital.

[277] See [Appendix 9].

[278] See [Appendix 9].

[279] For casualties see [Appendix 2 (P)].

[280] See [Appendix 9].

[281] Gazette of July 19, 1898. See [chapter xiii]. and [Appendix 9].

[282] While out with the hounds at Clonmel one of the officers of the first battalion made a sensational jump, thus described in the sporting papers: “Mr Vigors, of the Royal Irish Regiment, now stationed at Clonmel, was riding a cob he had purchased a short time previously from Mr Burke, and racing at the road fence (a low wall on the inside, but very treacherous on the roadway, as it had been cut away 9 feet to level a hill) the cob jumped clean on to the road, with a fall outside of 11 feet. The horse never fell, but Mr Vigors fell on the cob’s neck, and slipped off at the far side of the road, luckily unhurt.”

[283] See [page 361].

[284] For the details of the kit and equipment with which the soldiers sailed for South Africa, see [Appendix 6].

[285] See [page 365].

[286] The following officers went to the war with the battalion; followed it to South Africa; served on the staff, or with mounted infantry. (The ranks are those held at the beginning of the war):—

Lieutenant-Colonel—H. W. N. Guinness (in command).

Major—H. M. Hatchell.

Majors—F. J. Gavin, A. N. Lysaght, K. P. Apthorp.

Captains—A. S. Orr, H. J. Downing (Adjutant), W. Gloster, W. E. S. Burch, J. B. S. Alderson, G. M. Grogan, F. L. Fosbery, E. F. Milner, E. H. E. Daniell, R. L. Owens, R. G. L. Crumpe.

Lieutenants—W. H. White, M. H. E. Welch, A. W. Brush, L. L. Farmer, E. M. Panter-Downes, J. A. M. J. P. Kelly, G. A. Elliot, T. C. Fitz Hugh, H. T. A. S. Boyce, G. W. P. Haslam.

Second Lieutenants—G. H. Holland, J. L. O. Mansergh, H. Anderson, W. M. Acton, C. E. Dease, J. L. Cotter, G. A. O’Callaghan, L. W. M. Lloyd (seconded from 4th battalion), H. G. Gregorie (from Imperial Light Infantry), Hon. H. R. T. G. Fitzmaurice-Deane-Morgan (3rd battalion), W. A. Senior (nominated by the authorities of Public Schools), S. Hutchins (9th battalion K.R.R.C.), R. B. S. Dunlop (Channel Islands Militia), F. Call, T. B. Vandaleur (Local Military Forces of Cape of Good Hope), F. J. R. Hughes (3rd battalion), A. C. S. Fletcher, R. Palmer (3rd battalion West Riding regiment).

Quartermaster and Honorary Captain—F. P. Reger.

Surgeon—Lieutenant J. Matthews, R.A.M.C. (during the greater part of the war).

The officers who served extra regimentally were—

On the Staff—

Majors—A. G. Chichester, B. J. C. Doran, Brevet-Major W. R. B. Doran.

With Mounted Infantry—

Captains—R. A. Smyth, S. G. French, R. R. Arbuthnot, S. E. St Leger.

Lieutenants—P. U. Vigors, E. C. Lloyd, S. H. L. Galbraith.

The following officers of the 5th (Irish) Volunteer battalion, King’s (Liverpool regiment) were attached at various times:—

Captain—T. Warwick Williams.

Lieutenants—J. Goffey, J. H. Grindley, J. L. L. Ferris, W. G. Lindsey, H. M. Bayer, D. R. Grindley.

[287] One of the shells fell in the tent occupied by the Roman Catholic chaplain, Father Alexander—happily when he was not at home! At Bloemfontein he was succeeded by Father Rawlinson, who was attached to the battalion for many months. The Anglican chaplain was the Reverend —— Wright.

[288] Lieutenant E. M. Panter-Downes, Royal Irish, was in charge of the signallers, and received much praise for his work in the Colesberg-Arundel operations.

[289] The mounted infantry of the Royal Irish were present at the relief of Kimberley, and at Cronje’s surrender on February 27.

[290] ‘Official History of the War in South Africa,’ vol. ii. p. 250.

[291]

Officers.Other ranks.
3rd battalion Royal Irish regiment
(formerly Wexford militia),2136
4th ” ” ”
(formerly North Tipperary militia),1127
5th ” ” ”
(formerly Kilkenny militia),—160

[292] According to the Official History, one part of this detachment marched 45 miles in 36 hours; the other covered 73 miles in 52 hours.

[293] A large party of the Royal Irish mounted infantry served in Hamilton’s column.

[294] Official History, vol. iii. p. 105. This part of the Orange Free State had been the scene of a long series of wars with the Basutos, whom the original Vortrekers (the pioneers of the Dutch emigration from Cape Colony) had gradually driven back into the mountains of Basutoland.

[295] Composition of Clements’ column on June 28, 1900 (from Clements’ Staff Diary):—

2nd Bedford regiment854
2nd Worcester ”846
1st Royal Irish ”892
2nd Wiltshire ”908
8th Battery R.F.A.136
2 guns 5-in. 6th Co. R.G.A.63
1 section ammunition column17
1 section 38th Co. R.E.32
2nd Brabant’s Horse and 2 companies Yeomanry696
16th Imperial Yeomanry237
Malta M.I.133
Royal Scots M.I.67
12th brigade Field Hospital38
12th brigade Bearer Company33
12th brigade Supply Depôt9
——
4961

[296] See [Appendix 2 (Q)].

[297] See [Appendix 2 (Q)].

[298] So called because the officers and men belonged to regiments stationed at Malta at the beginning of the war.

[299] The correspondence was as follows:—

“I, Ralph Clements, Major-General, having full power from Field-Marshal Lord Roberts, G.C.B., &c., Commander-in-Chief of Her Britannic Majesty’s forces now in South Africa, hereby demand the surrender of the town of Bethlehem to me by 10 A.M. this day, Friday, July 6, 1900—failing which I shall bombard the town.

“The inhabitants are hereby informed that should the town surrender, and subsequent to its surrender any firing takes place at the troops under my command when occupying it, the town will be shelled and burned.

“R. Clements.”

“To well-respected Sir R. Clements.

“Respected Sir,—In connection with the missive you have addressed dated 6th July to the village of Bethlehem I have, your Excellency, herewith to state that no reply can be given.

“The responsibility will rest on you for the blood of innocent women and children in case you should bombard the town.—I have the honour to be, Sir, &c.,

“C. R. de Wet,
“Chief Commandant.”

[300] The greater part of the Royal Irish mounted infantry were in this column, see [p. 367].

[301] See [Appendix 2 (Q)].

[302] When the author visited Slabbert’s Nek in 1907 he found the grave well kept, and marked by handsome cross of white marble. The graves at Bethlehem were also in good order.

[303] See [Appendix 2 (Q)].

[304] Lance-Corporal Doyle was promoted to be corporal on July 26, 1900.

[305] See [Appendix 2 (Q)].

[306] In South Africa every estate in the country is called a farm, but this is a misnomer, for no Boer landowner (at least before the war) thought of working his estate as a farm in the European sense of the word. He was indifferent to agriculture, and devoted his land to the raising of stock. By Australians the Boer farms would be called runs; by Canadians from the north-west of the Dominion they would be described as ranches.

[307] Official History, vol. iii. p. 380.

[308] In Hamilton’s Force were soldiers from all parts of the British Empire. The Divisional troops were Brabant’s Horse (South African volunteers); two batteries of Royal Field artillery; four guns of a Canadian volunteer battery; the “Elswick battery,” manned by artisans, volunteers from the north of England; two 5-in. guns, and a section of pom-poms.

Mahon’s Force was composed of a battery of Royal Horse artillery; a section of pom-poms; the Imperial Light Horse (South African volunteers); Lumsden’s Horse (volunteers from India, largely recruited from planters in Behar); a battalion of Imperial Yeomanry (volunteers from the Old Country); a squadron of Hussars, and mounted volunteers from Queensland and New Zealand.

Infantry brigades—Smith-Dorrien’s: the first battalions of the Royal Scots, Royal Irish, and Gordon Highlanders, and the mounted infantry of the City Imperial volunteers; Cunningham’s: 1st battalion King’s Own Scottish Borderers, 2nd battalion Royal Berkshire regiment, 1st battalion Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders.

The Engineers, Ammunition and Supply Park, Hospitals, and Bearer Companies were all supplied by the regular army.

The strength of Smith-Dorrien’s Infantry units was as follows:—

Fit for duty.
At headquarters.On detachment.Sick at headquarters or on detachment.Total.
1st Royal Scots1206 611211388
1st Royal Irish 8682391991306
1st Gordon Highlanders 7412361531130

[309] See [Appendix 2 (Q)].

[310] See [Appendix 2 (Q)].

[311] The experience gained after some months of escorting trains is epitomised in the instructions issued by the Chief of the General Staff, which will be found in [Appendix 7].

[312] Barry had served with the 2nd battalion in the campaigns on the north-west frontier of India.

[313] The machine gun was recaptured a few months later by the Royal Irish, and was presented to the regiment by the Secretary of State for War in 1904.

[314] For his conduct on this occasion No. 4216 Corporal H. N. Forbes was awarded the medal for Distinguished Conduct in the Field.

[315] See [Appendix 2 (Q)].

[316] See [Appendix 2 (Q)].

[317] According to regimental tradition the information reached Captain White, Royal Irish, the local Intelligence officer, in a curious way. Viljoen had in his service a Kaffir, whose father was employed by us at Lydenburg. The younger Kaffir overheard Viljoen mention in conversation that he meant to return to Pilgrim’s Rest on a certain day; and obtaining leave of absence, passed the news on to his father, who in his turn reported it to the Intelligence department. It seems almost incredible that Viljoen should have been guilty of such an indiscretion as to talk of his intended movements within earshot of a Kaffir: but if the account is accurate, it affords another illustration of the truth of the saying—“What is rumoured in your camp to-day will be known to-morrow by the enemy.”

[318] Afterwards Sergeant-Major, 2nd battalion, Royal Irish regiment.

[319] See [Appendix 2 (Q)].

[320] See [Appendix 2 (Q)]. Captain St Leger’s exploit would have remained unknown had not Corporal Parker written to his own commanding officer to report the matter. Unfortunately the non-commissioned officer’s letter did not reach the War Office until the list of rewards for South Africa was finally closed.

[321] As early as May, 1900, the author ascertained from Boer prisoners that in the commandos it was commonly said that if the burghers were driven out of Pretoria they would break back through the east of the Free State and burst into Cape Colony by the drifts over the Orange river near Aliwal North.

[322] This man’s death was a sad one: he fell down a well, 45 feet deep, at Needspan, and his body was not discovered for several days. An officer writes of him: “he was one of the best soldiers and the cheeriest of men whom I have ever met; and his behaviour both in camp and field was excellent.”

[323] See [Appendix 2 (Q)].

[324] See [Appendix 2 (Q)].

[325] See [Appendix 2 (Q)].

[326] See [Appendix 2 (Q)].

[327] See [Appendix 2 (Q)].

[328] See [Appendix 2 (Q)].

[329] The names of most of the militia officers who were seconded in these battalions for service in South Africa have been mentioned already; among the others who did duty either with mounted infantry or with other infantry corps at the seat of war were: Captains G. H. P. Colley, J. O. Johnson, A. J. Fox, and Lieutenant E. H. B. Thompson.

[330] I.e., identity card.

[331] The Memorials are enumerated, and described in the order that they appear in the frontispiece, commencing on the left.

[332] These are grouped round the South African Window.

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE

All changes noted in the [CORRIGENDA] at the front of the book have been applied to the etext.

Some Footnotes having the same text on a page were merged in the original book, for example ‘1 & 2 See Appendix 9’. These have been separated in the etext to two distinct Footnotes.

Curly braces { and } present in some Tables in the original book have sometimes been removed in the etext Tables.

The name Villeroi is sometimes spelled Villeroy; this dual spelling has been left unchanged.

Six occurrences of the italicised moral have been replaced by morale.

The seven references to ‘Curaçoa’ refer to the Caribbean island of Curaçao.

Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources.

Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text, and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained: for example, great-coat, greatcoat; breast-works, breastworks; in-shore, inshore; embarcation; withes; drily.

[Pg 9]: ‘Ensign ... Smith’ replaced by ‘Ensign —— Smith’ (unknown name).
[Pg 13]: ‘Captain ... Butler’ replaced by ‘Captain —— Butler’.
[Pg 22]: ‘, ... Blunt’ replaced by ‘, —— Blunt’.
[Pg 64]: ‘William Crosby.’ replaced by ‘William Cosby.’.
[Pg 198]: ‘waterpoof sheet’ replaced by ‘waterproof sheet’.
[Pg 296]: ‘Colonel ....,’ replaced by ‘Colonel ——,’.
[Pg 296]: “Colonel ....’s” replaced by “Colonel ——’s”.
[Pg 296]: ‘Colonel .... turned’ replaced by ‘Colonel —— turned’.
[Pg 343]: ‘under the disspiriting’ replaced by ‘under the dispiriting’.
[Pg 352]: ‘Colesburg campaign’ replaced by ‘Colesberg campaign’.
[Pg 393]: ‘P. Hugnes,’ replaced by ‘P. Hughes,’.
[Pg 395]: ‘affair at Nukumaro’ replaced by ‘affair at Nukumaru’.
[Pg 438]: ‘is at page 252’ replaced by ‘is at page 231’.

[INDEX]:
Four references to ‘Abercrombie’ replaced by ‘Abercromby’.
‘Khangeim’ replaced by ‘Khangheim’.
‘Slaap Krantz’ replaced by ‘Slaap Kranz’.

[Footnote 18]: ‘mustr Genll’ is short for ‘Muster Master General’.

[Footnote 26]: ‘See p. 177’ replaced by ‘See p. 77’.

[Footnote 33]: the Table was very wide. On a handheld device use a small font to see the full table.

[Footnote 38]: the Total ‘2324’ in the Table and spelled out in the text on [page 39], is incorrect and should be ‘2234’, but it has not been changed. The Table was very wide and has been split into two parts. The three left-side columns (Corps, No. of Battalions, No. of Squadrons) have been duplicated for the second part. Two notations beginning ‘(Seven squadrons ...)’ and ‘(of the Empire ...)’ were inside the Table in the original book. These have been marked with * and ** and placed under the Table as Notes. On a handheld device use a small font to see the full table.

[Footnote 279]: ‘see Appendix 1 (P)’ replaced by ‘see Appendix 2 (P)’.