Volume II.
LONDON
THE GROLIER SOCIETY
PUBLISHERS
THE POLITICAL CONSTITUTION OF EGYPT
THE KING, QUEEN, AND ROYAL PRINCES—PHARAONIC ADMINISTRATION
FEUDALISM AND THE EGYPTIAN PRIESTHOOD, THE MILITARY—THE CITIZENS AND THE COUNTRY-PEOPLE.
The cemeteries of Gizeh and Saqqâra: the Great Sphinx; the mastabas, their chapel and its decoration, the statues of the double, the sepulchral vault—Importance of the wall-paintings and texts of the mastabas in determining the history of the Memphite dynasties.
The king and the royal family—Double nature and titles of the sovereign: his Horus-names, and the progressive formation of the Pharaonic Protocol—Royal etiquette an actual divine worship; the insignia and prophetic statues of Pharaoh, Pharaoh the mediator between the gods and his subjects—Pharaoh in family life; his amusements, his occupations, his cares—His harem: the women, the queen, her origin, her duties to the king—His children: their position in the State; rivalry among them during the old age and at the death of their father; succession to the throne, consequent revolutions.
The royal city: the palace and its occupants—The royal household and its officers: Pharaoh’s jesters, dwarfs, and magicians—The royal domain and the slaves, the treasury and the establishments which provided for its service: the buildings and places for the receipt of taxes—The scribe, his education, his chances of promotion: the career of Amten, his successive offices, the value of his personal property at his death.
Egyptian feudalism: the status of the lords, their rights, their amusements, their obligations to the sovereign—The influence of the gods: gifts to the temples, and possessions in mortmain; the priesthood, its hierarchy, and the method of recruiting its ranks—The military: foreign mercenaries; native militia, their privileges, their training.
The people of the towns—The slaves, men without a master—Workmen and artisans; corporations: misery of handicraftsmen—Aspect of the towns: houses, furniture, women in family life—Festivals; periodic markets, bazaars: commerce by barter, the weighing of precious metals.
The country people—The villages; serfs, free peasantry—Rural domains; the survey, taxes; the bastinado, the corvée—Administration of justice, the relations between peasants and their lords; misery of the peasantry; their resignation and natural cheerfulness; their improvidence; their indifference to political revolutions.
CONTENTS
[ CHAPTER I—THE POLITICAL CONSTITUTION OF EGYPT ]
[ CHAPTER II—THE MEMPHITE EMPIRE ]
[ CHAPTER III—THE FIRST THEBAN EMPIRE ]
List of Illustrations
[ 004.jpg the Mastaba of Khomtini in The Necropolis Of GÎzeh ]
[ 006.jpg the Great Sphinx of GÎzeh Partially Uncovered, And the Pyramid of Khephren ]
[ 008.jpg TetiniÔnkhÛ, Sitting Before the Funeral Repast ]
[ 009.jpg the Façade and The Stele of The Tomb Of Phtahshopsisu at Saqqara ]
[ 010.jpg Stele in the Form of a Door ]
[ 014.jpg a Representation of the Domains Of The Lord Ti, Bringing to Him Offerings in Procession ]
[ 021.jpg the Birth of a King and his Double ]
[ 024.jpg the Adult King Advancing, Followed by his Double ]
[ 028.jpg the Goddess Adopts The King by Suckling Him ]
[ 029.jpg the Cucupha-headed Sceptre. ]
[ 030.jpg Different Postures for Approaching the King ]
[ 037.jpg Pharaoh in his Harem ]
[ 039.jpg Pharaoh Gives Solemn Audience to One of His Ministers ]
[ 042.jpg The Queen Shakes the Sistrum While The King Offers The Sacrifice ]
[ 042b.jpg the Island and Temple of Phil. ]
[ 051.jpg Men and Women Singers, Flute-players, Harpists, And Dancers, from the Tomb of Ti ]
[ 052.jpg the Dwarf Khnumhotpu, Superintendent of The Royal Linen ]
[ 059.jpg the Packing of The Linen and Its Removal to The White Storehouse. ]
[ 061.jpg Measuring the Wheat and Depositing It in The Granaries ]
[ 063.jpg Plan of a Princely Storehouse for Provisions ]
[ 065.jpg the Staff of a Government Officer in The Time Of The Memphite Dynasties ]
[ 068.jpg the Funeral Stele of The Tomb Of Amten, The “grand Huntsman.” ]
[ 072.jpg Statue of Amten, Found in his Tomb ]
[ 075.jpg Plan of the Villa Of a Great Egyptian Noble ]
[ 077.jpg Hunting With the Boomerang and Fishing With The Double Harpoon in a Marsh Or Pool ]
[ 078.jpg Prince Api, Borne in a Palanquin, Inspects His Funerary Domain ]
[ 079.jpg a Dwarf Playing With Cynocephali and A Tame Ibis ]
[ 092.jpg Some of the Military Athletic Exercises ]
[ 095.jpg War-dance Performed by Egyptian Soldiers Before A Battle ]
[ 098.jpg Two Blacksmiths Working the Bellows ]
[ 099.jpg Stone-cutters Finishing the Dressing of Limestone Blocks ]
[ 101.jpg a Workshop of Shoemakers Manufacturing Sandals ]
[ 101.jpg the Baker Making his Bread and Placing It in The Oven ]
[ 103.jpg the House of a Great Egyptian Lord ]
[ 104.jpg Plan of a Part Of the Ancient Town Of Kahun ]
[ 105.jpg Stele of SÎtÛ, Representing the Front Of a House ]
[ 106.jpg a Street in the Higher Quarter of Modern SiÛt ]
[ 107.jpg a Hall With Columns in One of the Xiith Dynasty Houses at Gurob ]
[ 109.jpg Apparatus for Striking a Light ]
[ 110.jpg Mitral Paintings in the Ruins of an Ancient House At Kahun ]
[ 111.jpg Woman Grinding Grain ]
[ 114.jpg Two Women Weaving Linen at a Horizantal Loom ]
[ 118.jpg One of the Forms Of Egyptian Scales ]
[ 118b.jpg Scenes in a Bazaar ]
[ 123.jpg Part of the Modern Village Of Karnak, to The West Of the Temple of ApÎt ]
[ 128.jpg the Levying of The Tax: The Taxpayer in The Scribe’s Office ]
[ 130.jpg Levying the Tax: The Taxpayer in The Hands of The Exactors ]
[ 131.jpg Levying the Tax: The Bastinado ]
[ 132.jpg Collosal Statue of a King ]
[ 136.jpg Colored Sculptures in the Palace ]
[ 142a.jpg Two FellahÎn Work the Shadouf in a Garden ]
[ 142b.jpg Cutting and Carrying the Harvest ]
[ 147.jpg a Flock of Goats and the Song Of A Goatherd ]
[ 154.jpg Map Sinaitic Peninsular, Time of Memphite Empire ]
[ 156.jpg A Barbarian MonÎti from Sinai ]
[ 157.jpg Two Refuge Towers of the HirÛ-shÂÎtÛ, in The Wady BÎar ]
[ 159.jpg View of the Oasis Of Wady FeÎkÂn in The Peninsula Of Sinai ]
[ 163.jpg the Mining Works of Wady Maghara ]
[ 167.jpg the Pyramid of MêdÛm ]
[ 171.jpg the Court and The Two StelÆ of The Chapel Adjoining the Pyramid of MêdÛm ]
[ 173.jpg NofkÎt, Lady of MêdÛm ]
[ 176.jpg the Triumphal Bas-reliefs of Kheops on The Rocks Of Wady Maghara ]
[ 176b.jpg Profile of Head Of a Mummy, (a Man) Thebes ]
[ 179.jpg KhÛÎt, the Great Pyramid of GÎzeh, The Sphinx, And the Temple of The Sphinx ]
[ 181a.jpg the Movable Flagstone at The Entrance to The Great Pyramid ]
[ 181b.jpg the Interior of The Great Pyramid ]
[ 183.jpg the Ascending Passage of The Great Pyramid ]
[ 187.jpg the Name of Kheops Drawn in Red on Several Blocks Of the Great Pyramid ]
[ 188.jpg Alabaster Statue of Khephren ]
[ 188b.jpg the Pyramid of Khephren ]
[ 192.jpg Diorite Statue of MenraÛrÏ ]
[ 194.jpg the Coffin of Mykerinos ]
[ 196.jpg the Granite Sarcophagus of Mykerinos ]
[ 198.jpg Diorite Statue of Khephren, GÎzeu Museum ]
[ 208.jpg Map Oleander Lower ]
[ 211.jpg Table of the IVth Dynasty ]
[ 215.jpg Table of Pharaohs Of the Vth Dynasty ]
[ 210.jpg Statue in Rose-coloured Granite of the Pharaoh AnÛ, in the GÎzeh Museum ]
[ 217.jpg Triumphal Bas-relief of Pharaoh SahÛrÛ, on The Rocks of Wady Magharah. ]
[ 219.jpg Passenger Vessel Under Sail ]
[ 223.jpg Map of Nubia in the Time Of The Memphite Empire ]
[ 225.jpg Head of an Inhabitant Of PÛanÎt ]
[ 234a.jpg Avenue of Sphinxes—karnak ]
[ 236.jpg One of the Wooden Panels Of Hosi, in The GÎzeh Museum ]
[ 237.jpg a Sculptor’s Studio, and Egyptian Painters At Work ]
[ 238.jpg Cellarer Coating a Jar With Pitch ]
[ 239.jpg Baker Kneading his Dough ]
[ 241.jpg the Sheikh-el Beled in The Gizeh Museum ]
[ 242.jpg the Kneeling Scribe in The Gizeh Museum ]
[ 246.jpg Peasant Going to Market ]
[ 247.jpg Kofir, the Director of Granaries ]
[ 249.jpg Bas-relief in Ivory ]
[ 252.jpg Stele of the Daughter Of Kheops ]
[ 253.jpg the Pharaoh MenkauhorÛ ]
[ 255.jpg the Mastabat-el-faraun, Looking Towards The West Façade ]
[ 265.jpg the Island of Elephantine ]
[ 266.jpg the Island of Elephantine Seen from The Ruins Of Syenne ]
[ 267.jpg the First Cataract ]
[ 269.jpg Small Wady, Five Hours Beyond Ed-doueÎg, on The Road to the Red Sea ]
[ 270.jpg the Rocks of The Island Of Sehêl, With Some Of The Votive Inscriptions ]
[ 275.jpg the Mountain of Aswan and The Tombs Of The Princes of Elephantine ]
[ 278.jpg HirkhÛf Receiving Posthumous Homage at the Door Of his Tomb from His Son ]
[ 282.jpg Head of the Mummy Of Metesouphis I ]
[ 283.jpg Plan of the Pyramid Of Unas ]
[ 284.jpg the Sepulchral Chamber in The Pyramid of Unas, And his Sarcophaous ]
[ 286.jpg the Entrance to The Pyramid of Unas at SaqqÀra ]
[ 289.jpg Table of the Dates Of The Kings Vith Dynasty ]
[ 298.jpg Flat-bottomed Vessel of Bronze Open-work Bearing The Cartouches of Pharaoh KhÎti I ]
[ 300.jpg Part of the Walls Of El-kab on The Northern Side ]
[ 302.jpg the Second Fortress of Abydos—the ShÛnet-ez-zebÎb—as Seen from the East ]
[ 304.jpg Attack Upon an Egyptian Fortress by Troops Of Various Arms ]
[ 306.jpg Denderah—temple of Tentyra ]
[ 306-text.jpg—temple of Tentyra ]
[ 309.jpg Map, Plain of Thebes ]
[ 310.jpg Map, the Principality of SiÛt ]
[ 311.jpg the Heavy Infantry of The Princes Of SiÛt, Armed With Lance and Buckler ]
[ 313.jpg Palette Inscribed With the Name of MirikarÎ ]
[ 314.jpg the Brick Pyramid of AntÛfÂa, at Thebes ]
[ 326.jpg Some of the Band Of Asiatics, With Their Beasts, Brought from KhnÛmhotpÛ ]
[ 334.jpg Plan of the Temple Of Sarbut El Khadim ]
[ 335.jpg the Ruins of The Temple Of Hathor ]
[ 344.jpg One of The Façades Of the Fortress Of Kubban ]
[ 345.jpg the Second Cataract Between Hamkeh and Wady Halfa ]
[ 346.jpg the Second Cataract at Low Nile ]
[ 349.jpg the Triumphal Stele of Usirtasen I. ]
[ 351.jpg the Rapids of The Nile at Semneh, and The Two Fortresses Built by Usirtasen Iii ]
[ 353.jpg the Channel of The Nile Between The Two Fortresses of Semneh and Kummeh ]
[ 355.jpg KÛshite Prisoners Brought to Egypt ]
[ 362.jpg the Routes Leading from The Nile to The Red Sea, Between Koptos and Kosseir. ]
[ 372.jpg the Statue of Nofrit ]
[ 376.jpg One of the Tanis Sphinxes in The GÎzeh Museum ]
[ 381.jpg the Obelisk of Ûsirtasen I., Still Standing In The Plain of Heliopolis ]
[ 384.jpg Usirtasen I. Of Abydos ]
[ 385.jpg a Part of the Ancient Sacred Lake Of Osiris Near The Temple of Abydos ]
[ 386.jpg the Site of The Ancient Heracleopolis ]
[ 387.jpg SobkÛ, the God of The FayÛm, Under The Form Of A Sacred Crocodile ]
[ 388.jpg the Remains of The Obelisk Of Begig ]
[ 389.jpg the Ruined Pedestal of One Of The Colossi Of BiahmÛ ]
[ 390.jpg a View in the FayÛm In The Neighbourhood of The Village of FidemÎn ]
[ 391.jpg the Court of The Small Temple ]
[ 392.jpg the Shores of The Birket-kerun Near The Embouchure of the Wady Nazleh ]
[ 393.jpg the Two Pyramids of The Xiith Dynasty at Lisht ]
[ 394.jpg Painting at the Entrance of The Fifth Tomb ]
[ 395.jpg Pectoral Ornament of Usirtasen Iii ]
[ 396.jpg the Pyramid of Illahun, at The Entrance Of The Fa.Ûm ]
[ 399.jpg the Mountain of Silt With The Tombs Of The Princes ]
[ 401.jpg Map of Principality Of the Gazelle ]
[ 405.jpg the Modern Cemetery of Zawyet El-meiyetÎn ]
[ 408.jpg the Tombs of Princes Of The Gazelle-nome At Beni-hasan ]
[ 410.jpg the Colossal Statue of King Sovkhotpu in The Louvre ]
[ 414.jpg Statue of HarsÛf in the Vienna Museum ]
[ 415.jpg Statue of SovkhotpÛ Iii. ]
[ 417.jpg One of the Overturned and Broken Statues Of MirmasiiaÛ at Tanis ]
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