ILLUSTRATIONS.

PlatePage.
I.—Colored pictographs in Santa Barbara County, California[34]
II.—Colored pictographs in Santa Barbara County, California[35]
III.—New Zealand tattooed heads[76]
IV.—Ojibwa Meda song[82]
V.—Penn wampum belt[87]
VI.—Winter count on buffalo robe[89]
VII.—Dakota winter counts: for 1786-’87 to 1792-’93[100]
VIII.—Dakota winter counts: for 1793-’94 to 1799-1800[101]
IX.—Dakota winter counts: for 1800-’01 to 1802-’03[103]
X.—Dakota winter counts: for 1803-’04 to 1805-’06[104]
XI.—Dakota winter counts: for 1806-’07 to 1808-’09[105]
XII.—Dakota winter counts: for 1809-’10 to 1811-’12[106]
XIII.—Dakota winter counts: for 1812-’13 to 1814-’15[108]
XIV.—Dakota winter counts: for 1815-’16 to 1817-’18[109]
XV.—Dakota winter counts: for 1818-’19 to 1820-’21[110]
XVI.—Dakota winter counts: for 1821-’22 to 1823-’24[111]
XVII.—Dakota winter counts: for 1824-’25 to 1826-’27[113]
XVIII.—Dakota winter counts: for 1827-’28 to 1829-’30[114]
XIX.—Dakota winter counts: for 1830-’31 to 1832-’33[115]
XX.—Dakota winter counts: for 1833-’34 to 1835-’36[116]
XXI.—Dakota winter counts: for 1836-’37 to 1838-’39[117]
XXII.—Dakota winter counts: for 1839-’40 to 1841-’42[117]
XXIII.—Dakota winter counts: for 1842-’43 to 1844-’45[118]
XXIV.—Dakota winter counts: for 1845-’46 to 1847-’48[119]
XXV.—Dakota winter counts: for 1848-’49 to 1850-’51[120]
XXVI.—Dakota winter counts: for 1851-’52 to 1853-’54[120]
XXVII.—Dakota winter counts: for 1854-’55 to 1856-’57[121]
XXVIII.—Dakota winter counts: for 1857-’58 to 1859-’60[122]
XXIX.—Dakota winter counts: for 1860-’61 to 1862-’63[123]
XXX.—Dakota winter counts: for 1863-’64 to 1865-’66[124]
XXXI.—Dakota winter counts: for 1866-’67 to 1868-’69[125]
XXXII.—Dakota winter counts: for 1869-’70 to 1870-’71[126]
XXXIII.—Dakota winter counts: for 1871-’72 to 1876-’77[127]
XXXIV.—Corbusier winter counts: for 1775-’76 to 1780-’81[130]
XXXV.—Corbusier winter counts: for 1781-’82 to 1786-’87[131]
XXXVI.—Corbusier winter counts: for 1787-’88 to 1792-’93[132]
XXXVII.—Corbusier winter counts: for 1793-’94 to 1798-’99[133]
XXXVIII.—Corbusier winter counts: for 1799-1800 to 1804-’05[134]
XXXIX.—Corbusier winter counts: for 1805-’06 to 1810-’11[134]
XL.—Corbusier winter counts: for 1811-’12 to 1816-’17[135]
XLI.—Corbusier winter counts: for 1817-’18 to 1822-’23[136]
XLII.—Corbusier winter counts: for 1823-’24 to 1828-’29[137]
XLIII.—Corbusier winter counts: for 1829-’30 to 1834-’35[138]
XLIV.—Corbusier winter counts: for 1835-’36 to 1840-’41[139]
XLV.—Corbusier winter counts: for 1841-’42 to 1846-’47[140]
XLVI.—Corbusier winter counts: for 1847-’48 to 1852-’53[142]
XLVII.—Corbusier winter counts: for 1853-’54 to 1858-’59[143]
XLVIII.—Corbusier winter counts: for 1859-’60 to 1864-’65[143]
XLIX.—Corbusier winter counts: for 1865-’66 to 1870-’71[144]
L.—Corbusier winter counts: for 1871-’72 to 1876-’77[145]
LI.—Corbusier winter counts: for 1877-’78 to 1878-’79[146]
LII.—An Ogalala roster: Big-Road and band[174]
LIII.—An Ogalala roster: Low-Dog and band[174]
LIV.—An Ogalala roster: The Bear Spares-him and band[174]
LV.—An Ogalala roster: Has a War-club and band[174]
LVI.—An Ogalala roster: Wall-Dog and band[174]
LVII.—An Ogalala roster: Iron-Crow and band[174]
LVIII.—An Ogalala roster: Little-Hawk and band[174]
LIX.—Red-Cloud’s census: Red-Cloud’s band[176]
LX.—Red-Cloud’s census: Red-Cloud’s band[176]
LXI.—Red-Cloud’s census: Red-Cloud’s band[176]
LXII.—Red-Cloud’s census: Red-Cloud’s band[176]
LXIII.—Red-Cloud’s census: Red-Cloud’s band[176]
LXIV.—Red-Cloud’s census: Red-Cloud’s band[176]
LXV.—Red-Cloud’s census: Red-Cloud’s band[176]
LXVI.—Red-Cloud’s census: Red-Cloud’s band[176]
LXVII.—Red-Cloud’s census: Red-Shirt’s band[176]
LXVIII.—Red-Cloud’s census: Red-Shirt’s band[176]
LXIX.—Red-Cloud’s census: Red-Shirt’s band[176]
LXX.—Red-Cloud’s census: Black-Deer’s band[176]
LXXI.—Red-Cloud’s census: Black-Deer’s band[176]
LXXII.—Red-Cloud’s census: Black-Deer’s band[176]
LXXIII.—Red-Cloud’s census: Red-Hawk’s band[176]
LXXIV.—Red-Cloud’s census: Red-Hawk’s hand[176]
LXXV.—Red-Cloud’s census: High-Wolf’s band[176]
LXXVI.—Red-Cloud’s census: High-Wolf’s band[176]
LXXVII.—Red-Cloud’s census: Gun’s band[176]
LXXVIII.—Red-Cloud’s census: Gun’s band[176]
LXXIX.—Red-Cloud’s census: Second Black-Deer’s band[176]
LXXX.—Rock Painting in Azuza Cañon, California[156]
LXXXI.—Moki masks etched on rocks. Arizona[194]
LXXXII.—Buffalo-head monument[195]
LXXXIII.—Ojibwa grave-posts[199]
Figure 1.—Petroglyphs at Oakley Springs, Arizona[30]
2.—Deep carvings in Guiana[42]
3.—Shallow carvings in Guiana[43]
4.—Rock etchings at Oakley Springs, Arizona: Beaver[47]
5.—Rock etchings at Oakley Springs, Arizona: Bear[47]
6.—Rock etchings at Oakley Springs, Arizona: Mountain sheep[47]
7.—Rock etchings at Oakley Springs, Arizona: Three Wolf heads[47]
8.—Rock etchings at Oakley Springs, Arizona: Three Jackass rabbits[47]
9.—Rock etchings at Oakley Springs, Arizona: Cotton-tail rabbit[47]
10.—Rock etchings at Oakley Springs, Arizona: Bear tracks[47]
11.—Rock etchings at Oakley Springs, Arizona: Eagle[47]
12.—Rock etchings at Oakley Springs, Arizona: Eagle tails[47]
13.—Rock etchings at Oakley Springs, Arizona: Turkey tail[47]
14.—Rock etchings at Oakley Springs, Arizona: Horned toads[47]
15.—Rock etchings at Oakley Springs, Arizona: Lizards[47]
16.—Rock etchings at Oakley Springs, Arizona: Butterfly[47]
17.—Rock etchings at Oakley Springs, Arizona: Snakes[47]
18.—Rock etchings at Oakley Springs, Arizona: Rattlesnake[47]
19.—Rock etchings at Oakley Springs, Arizona: Deer track[47]
20.—Rock etchings at Oakley Springs, Arizona: Three Bird tracks[47]
21.—Rock etchings at Oakley Springs, Arizona: Bitterns[47]
22.—Bronze head from the necropolis of Marzabotto, Italy[62]
23.—Fragment of bowl from Troja[63]
24.—Haida totem post, Queen Charlotte’s Island[68]
25.—Haida man, tattooed[69]
26.—Haida woman, tattooed[69]
27.—Haida woman, tattooed[70]
28.—Haida man, tattooed[70]
29.—Skulpin (right leg of Fig. 26)[71]
30.—Frog (left leg of Fig. 26)[71]
31.—Cod (breast of Fig. 25)[71]
32.—Squid (Octopus), (thighs of Fig. 25)[71]
33.—Wolf, enlarged (back of Fig. 28)[71]
34.—Tattoo designs on bone, from New Zealand[74]
35.—New Zealand tattooed head and chin mark[75]
36.—New Zealand tattooed woman[75]
37.—Australian grave and carved trees[76]
38.—Osage chart[86]
39.—Device denoting succession of time. Dakota[88]
40.—Device denoting succession of time. Dakota[89]
41.—Measles or Smallpox. Dakota[110]
42.—Meteor. Dakota[111]
43.—River freshet. Dakota[113]
44.—Meteoric shower. Dakota[116]
45.—The-Teal-broke-his-leg. Dakota[119]
46.—Magic Arrow. Dakota[141]
47.—Notice of hunt. Alaska[147]
48.—Notice of departure. Alaska[148]
49.—Notice of hunt. Alaska[149]
50.—Notice of direction. Alaska[149]
51.—Notice of direction. Alaska[150]
52.—Notice of direction. Alaska[150]
53.—Notice of distress. Alaska[152]
54.—Notice of departure and refuge. Alaska[152]
55.—Notice of departure to relieve distress. Alaska[153]
56.—Ammunition wanted. Alaska[154]
57.—Assistance wanted in hunt. Alaska[154]
58.—Starving hunters. Alaska[154]
59.—Starving hunters. Alaska[155]
60.—Lean Wolf’s map. Hidatsa[158]
61.—Letter to “Little-man” from his father. Cheyenne[160]
62.—Drawing of smoke signal. Alaska[161]
63.—Tesuque Diplomatic Packet[162]
64.—Tesuque Diplomatic Packet[162]
65.—Tesuque Diplomatic Packet[162]
66.—Tesuque Diplomatic Packet[163]
67.—Tesuque Diplomatic Packet[163]
68.—Dakota pictograph: for Kaiowa[165]
69.—Dakota pictograph: for Arikara[166]
70.—Dakota pictograph: for Omaha[166]
71.—Dakota pictograph: for Pawnee[166]
72.—Dakota pictograph: for Assiniboine[166]
73.—Dakota pictograph: for Gros Ventre[166]
74.—Lean-Wolf as “Partisan”[168]
75.—Two-Strike as “Partisan”[169]
76.—Lean-Wolf (personal name)[172]
77.—Pointer. Dakota[172]
78.—Shadow. Dakota[173]
79.—Loud-Talker. Dakota[173]
80.—Boat Paddle. Arikara[182]
81.—African property mark[182]
82.—Hidatsa feather marks: First to strike enemy[184]
83.—Hidatsa feather marks: Second to strike enemy[184]
84.—Hidatsa feather marks: Third to strike enemy[184]
85.—Hidatsa feather marks: Fourth to strike enemy[184]
86.—Hidatsa feather marks: Wounded by an enemy[184]
87.—Hidatsa feather marks: Killed a woman[184]
88.—Dakota feather marks: Killed an enemy[185]
89.—Dakota feather marks: Cut throat and scalped[185]
90.—Dakota feather marks: Cut enemy’s throat[185]
91.—Dakota feather marks: Third to strike[185]
92.—Dakota feather marks: Fourth to strike[185]
93.—Dakota feather marks: Fifth to strike[185]
94.—Dakota feather marks: Many wounds[185]
95.—Successful defense. Hidatsa, etc.[186]
96.—Two successful defenses. Hidatsa, etc.[186]
97.—Captured a horse. Hidatsa, etc.[186]
98.—First to strike an enemy. Hidatsa[187]
99.—Second to strike an enemy. Hidatsa[187]
100.—Third to strike an enemy. Hidatsa[187]
101.—Fourth to strike an enemy. Hidatsa[187]
102.—Fifth to strike an enemy. Arikara[187]
103.—Struck four enemies. Hidatsa[187]
104.—Thunder bird. Dakota[188]
105.—Thunder bird. Dakota[188]
106.—Thunder bird (wingless). Dakota[189]
107.—Thunder bird (in beads). Dakota[189]
108.—Thunder bird. Haida[190]
109.—Thunder bird. Twana[190]
110.—Ivory record, Shaman exorcising demon. Alaska[191]
111.—Ivory record, Supplication for success. Alaska[192]
111a.—Shaman’s Lodge. Alaska[196]
112.—Alaska votive offering[197]
113.—Alaska grave-post[198]
114.—Alaska grave-post[199]
115.—Alaska village and burial grounds[199]
116.—New Zealand grave effigy[200]
117.—New Zealand grave-post[201]
118.—New Zealand house posts[201]
119.—Mdewakantawan fetich[202]
120.—Ottawa pipe-stem[204]
121.—Walrus hunter. Alaska[205]
122.—Alaska carving with records[205]
123.—Origin of Brulé. Dakota[207]
124.—Running Antelope: Killed one Arikara[208]
125.—Running Antelope: Shot and scalped an Arikara[209]
126.—Running Antelope: Shot an Arikara[209]
127.—Running Antelope: Killed two warriors[210]
128.—Running Antelope: Killed ten men and three women[210]
129.—Running Antelope: Killed two chiefs[211]
130.—Running Antelope: Killed one Arikara[211]
131.—Running Antelope: Killed one Arikara[212]
132.—Running Antelope: Killed two Arikara hunters[212]
133.—Running Antelope: Killed five Arikara[213]
134.—Running Antelope: Killed an Arikara[213]
135.—Record of hunt. Alaska[214]
136.—Shoshoni horse raid[215]
137.—Drawing on buffalo shoulder-blade. Camanche[216]
138.—Cross-Bear’s death[217]
139.—Bark record from Red Lake, Minnesota[218]
140.—Sign for pipe. Dakota[219]
141.—Plenty buffalo meat. Dakota[219]
142.—Plenty buffalo meat. Dakota[220]
143.—Pictograph for Trade. Dakota[220]
144.—Starvation. Dakota[220]
145.—Starvation. Ottawa and Pottawatomi[221]
146.—Pain. Died of “Whistle.” Dakota[221]
147.—Example of Algonkian petroglyphs, from Millsborough, Pennsylvania[224]
148.—Example of Algonkian petroglyphs, from Hamilton Farm, West Virginia[225]
149.—Example of Algonkian petroglyphs, from Safe Harbor, Pennsylvania[226]
150.—Example of Western Algonkian petroglyphs, from Wyoming[227]
151.—Example of Shoshonian petroglyphs, from Idaho[228]
152.—Example of Shoshonian petroglyphs, from Idaho[229]
153.—Example of Shoshonian petroglyphs, from Utah[230]
154.—Example of Shoshonian rock painting, from Utah[230]
155.—Rock painting, from Tule River, California[235]
156.—Sacred inclosure from Arizona. Moki[237]
157.—Ceremonial head-dress. Moki[237]
158.—Houses. Moki[237]
159.—Burden-sticks. Moki[238]
160.—Arrows. Moki[238]
161.—Blossoms. Moki[238]
162.—Lightning. Moki[238]
163.—Clouds. Moki[238]
164.—Clouds with rain. Moki[238]
165.—Stars, Moki[238]
166.—Sun. Moki[239]
167.—Sunrise. Moki,[239]
168.—Drawing of Dakota lodges, by Hidatsa[240]
169.—Drawing of earth lodges, by Hidatsa[240]
170.—Drawing of white man’s house, by Hidatsa[240]
171.—Hidatsati, the home of the Hidatsa[240]
172.—Horses and man. Arikara[240]
173.—Dead man. Arikara[240]
174.—Second to strike enemy. Hidatsa[240]
175.—Third to strike enemy. Hidatsa[240]
176.—Scalp taken. Hidatsa[240]
177.—Enemy struck and gun captured. Hidatsa[240]
178.—Mendota drawing. Dakota[241]
179.—Symbol of war. Dakota[241]
180.—Captives. Dakota[242]
181.—Circle of men. Dakota[242]
182.—Shooting from river banks. Dakota[242]
183.—Panther. Haida[242]
184.—Wolf head. Haida[243]
185.—Drawings on an African knife[243]
186.—Conventional characters: Men. Arikara[244]
187.—Conventional characters: Man. Innuit[244]
188.—Conventional characters: Dead man. Satsika[244]
189.—Conventional characters: Man addressed. Innuit[244]
190.—Conventional characters: Man. Innuit[244]
191.—Conventional characters: Man. From Tule River, California[244]
192.—Conventional characters: Man. From Tule River, California[244]
193.—Conventional characters: Disabled man. Ojibwa[244]
194.—Conventional characters: Shaman. Innuit[245]
195.—Conventional characters: Supplication. Innuit[245]
196.—Conventional characters: Man. Ojibwa[245]
197.—Conventional characters: Spiritually enlightened man. Ojibwa[245]
198.—Conventional characters: A wabeno. Ojibwa[245]
199.—Conventional characters: An evil Meda. Ojibwa[245]
200.—Conventional characters: A Meda. Ojibwa[245]
201.—Conventional characters: Man. Hidatsa[245]
202.—Conventional characters: Headless body. Ojibwa[245]
203.—Conventional characters: Headless body. Ojibwa[245]
204.—Conventional characters: Man. Moki[245]
205.—Conventional characters: Man. From Siberia[245]
206.—Conventional characters: Superior knowledge. Ojibwa[246]
207.—Conventional characters: An American. Ojibwa[246]
208.—Specimen of imitated pictograph[249]
209.—Symbols of cross[252]

ON THE PICTOGRAPHS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS.

By Garrick Mallery.