| Beryl | Be3Al2Si6O18 |
| Chrysoberyl | BeAl2O4 |
| Coral | CaCO3 |
| Corundum | Al2O3 |
| Diamond | C |
| Feldspar | Plagioclase Series: |
| | (Na,Ca)Al(Al,Si)Si2O8 |
| | Alkali Feldspar Group: |
| | Mixtures of Orthoclase—KAlSi3O8 and Albite—NaAlSi3O8 |
| Garnet | Almadine—Fe3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| | Andradite—Ca3Fe2(SiO4)3 |
| | Grossular—Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| | Pyrope—Mg3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| | Spessartine—Mn3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| | Uvarovite—Ca3Cr2(SiO4)3 |
| Jade | Nephrite—Ca2(Mg,Fe)5(Si8O22) (OH)2 |
| | Jadeite—NaAl(Si2O6) |
| Lapis lazuli | Lazurite—(Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6 (SO4,S,Cl)2 |
| Opal | Hydrated Silica—SiO2·nH2O |
| Peridot | (Mg,Fe)2(SiO4) |
| Quartz | SiO2 |
| Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
| Topaz | Al2SiO4(F,OH)2 |
| Tourmaline | XY3Al6(BO3)3(Si6O18) (OH4) |
| | [X is usually Na but may be replaced by Ca; Y is one of several metal ions] |
| Turquoise | CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O |
| Zircon | ZrSiO4 |