De Re Metallica, Translated from the First Latin Edition of 1556

by Georg Agricola

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.

As stated in the [preface], the nomenclature to be adopted for weights and measures has presented great difficulty. Agricola uses, throughout, the Roman and the Romanized Greek scales, but in many cases he uses these terms merely as lingual equivalents for the German quantities of his day. Moreover the classic language sometimes failed him, whereupon he coined new Latin terms adapted from the Roman scale, and thus added further confusion. We can, perhaps, make the matter clearer by an illustration of a case in weights. The Roman centumpondium, composed of 100 librae, the old German centner of 100 pfundt, and the English hundredweight of 112 pounds can be called lingual equivalents. The first weighs about 494,600 Troy grains, the second 721,900, and the third 784,000. While the divisions of the centumpondium and the centner are the same, the libra is divided into 12 unciae and the pfundt into 16 untzen, and in most places a summation of the units given proves that the author had in mind the Roman ratios. However, on p. [509] he makes the direct statement that the centumpondium weighs 146 librae, which would be about the correct weight if the centumpondium referred to was a centner. If we take an example such as "each centumpondium of lead contains one uncia of silver", and reduce it according to purely lingual equivalents, we should find that it runs 24.3 Troy ounces per short ton, on the basis of Roman values, and 18.25 ounces per short ton, on the basis of old German. If we were to translate these into English lingual equivalents of one ounce per hundredweight, then the value would be 17.9 ounces per short ton.

Several possibilities were open in translation: first, to calculate the values accurately in the English units; second, to adopt the nearest English lingual equivalent; third, to introduce the German scale of the period; or, fourth, to leave the original Latin in the text. The first would lead to an indefinite number of decimals and to constant doubt as to whether the values, upon which calculations were to be based, were Roman or German. The second, that is the substitution of lingual equivalents, is objectionable, not only because it would indicate values not meant by the author, but also because we should have, like Agricola, to coin new terms to accommodate the lapses in the scales, or again to use decimals. In the third case, that is in the use of the old German scale, while it would be easier to adapt than the English, it would be more unfamiliar to most readers than the Latin, and not so expressive in print, and further, in some cases would present the same difficulties of calculation as in using the English scale. Nor does the contemporary German translation of De Re Metallica prove of help, for its translator adopted only lingual equivalents, and in consequence the summation of his weights often gives incorrect results. From all these possibilities we have chosen the fourth, that is simply to reproduce the Latin terms for both weights and measures. We have introduced into the footnotes such reductions to the English scale as we considered would interest readers. We have, however, digressed from the rule in two cases, in the adoption of "foot" for the Latin pes, and "fathom" for passus. Apart from the fact that these were not cases where accuracy is involved, Agricola himself explains (p. [77]) that he means the German values for these particular terms, which, fortunately, fairly closely approximate to the English. Further, we have adopted the Anglicized words "digit", "palm", and "cubit", instead of their Latin forms.

For purposes of reference, we reproduce the principal Roman and old German scales, in so far as they are used by Agricola in this work, with their values in English. All students of weights and measures will realize that these values are but approximate, and that this is not an occasion to enter upon a discussion of the variations in different periods or by different authorities. Agricola himself is the author of one of the standard works on Ancient Weights and Measures (see [Appendix A]), and further gives fairly complete information on contemporary scales of weight and fineness for precious metals in Book VII. p. [262] etc., to which we refer readers.

ROMAN SCALES OF WEIGHTS.

					Troy Grains.
1	Siliqua	=			2.87
6	Siliquae	=	1	Scripulum	17.2
4	Scripula	=	1	Sextula	68.7
6	Sextulae	=	1	Uncia	412.2
12	Unciae	=	1	Libra	4946.4
100	Librae	=	1	Centumpondium	494640.0
				Also
1	Scripulum	=			17.2
3	Scripula	=	1	Drachma	51.5
2	Drachmae	=	1	Sicilicus	103.0
4	Sicilici	=	1	Uncia	412.2
8	Unciae	=	1	Bes	3297.6

SCALE OF FINENESS
(AGRICOLA'S ADAPTATION).

4	Siliquae	=	1	Unit of Siliquae
3	Units of Siliquae	=	1	Semi-sextula
4	Semi-sextulae	=	1	Duella
24	Duellae	=	1	Bes

OLD GERMAN SCALE OF WEIGHTS.

					Troy Grains.
1	Pfennig	=			14.1
4	Pfennige	=	1	Quintlein	56.4
4	Quintlein	=	1	Loth	225.6
2	Loth	=	1	Untzen	451.2
8	Untzen	=	1	Mark	3609.6
2	Mark	=	1	Pfundt	7219.2
100	Pfundt	=	1	Centner	721920.0

SCALE OF FINENESS.

3	Grenlin	=	1	Gran
4	Gran	=	1	Krat
24	Krat	=	1	Mark

ROMAN LONG MEASURE.

					Inches.
1	Digitus	=			.726
4	Digiti	=	1	Palmus	2.90
4	Palmi	=	1	Pes	11.61
11/2	Pedes	=	1	Cubitus	17.41
5	Pedes	=	1	Passus	58.1
				Also
1	Roman Uncia	=			.97
12	Unciae	=		Pes	11.61

GREEK LONG MEASURE.

					Inches.
1	Dactylos	=			.758
4	Dactyloi	=	1	Palaiste	3.03
4	Palaistai	=	1	Pous	12.135
11/2	Pous	=	1	Pechus	18.20
6	Pous	=	1	Orguia	72.81

OLD GERMAN LONG MEASURE.

					Inches.
1	Querfinger	=			.703
16	Querfinger	=	1	Werckschuh	11.247
2	Werckschuh	=	1	Elle	22.494
3	Elle	=	1	Lachter	67.518
				Also
1	Zoll	=			.85
12	Zoll	=	1	Werkschuh

ROMAN LIQUID MEASURE.

					Cubic inches.	Pints.
1	Quartarius	=			8.6	.247
4	Quartarii	=	1	Sextarius	31.4	.991
6	Sextarii	=	1	Congius	206.4	5.947
16	Sextarii	=	1	Modius	550.4	15.867
8	Congii	=	1	Amphora	1650.0	47.577

(Agricola nowhere uses the Saxon liquid measures, nor do they fall into units comparable with the Roman).

---

GENERAL INDEX.

Note.—The numbers in heavy type refer to the Text; those in plain type to the Footnotes, Appendices, etc.

• Abandonment of Mines, [217]
• Abertham.
  • Mines at, [74]; [92]; [74]
• Abolite, [113]
• Abstrich, [465]; [492]
• Abydos.
  • Gold mines of, [26]; [27]
  • Lead figure from, [390]
• Abzug, [464]; [465]; [475]
• Achates (see [Agate]).
• Accidents To Miners, [214]-[218]
• Accounts (Mining), [96]-[98]
• Adit, [101]
• Aeris flos (see [Copper Flowers]).
• Aeris squama (see [Copper Scales]).
• Aes caldarium, [109]
• Aes luteum, [109]
• Aes nigrum, [109]
• Aes purum fossile (see [Native Copper]).
• Aes rude plumbei coloris (see [Copper Glance]).
• Aes ustum (see [Roasted Copper]).
• Aetites, [2]
• Africa.
  • Iron, [420]
  • Tin, [412]
• Agate, [114]
• Agriculture.
  • Mining compared with, [5]
• Ailments of Miners (see [Maladies of Miners]).
• Air Currents in Mines, [121]; [200]
• Alabaster, [114]
• Alchemists, [XXVII]-[XXX]; [44]; [608]
  • Agricola's opinion of, [XII]; [XXVII].
  • Amalgamation, [297]
  • Assaying, [248]; [219]
  • Discovery of acids, [439]; [460]
  • Distillation, [441]
• Aljustrel Tablet, [83]-[84]
• Alkali, [558]
• Alloys, Assaying of, [247]-[252]
• Alluvial Mining, [321]-[348]; [330]-[332]
• Alston Moor, [84]
• Altenberg, [XXXI]; [VI].
  • Collapse of mine, [216]
  • Miners poisoned, [214]
  • Tin working appliances, [290]; [304]; [318]
• Alum, [564]-[568]; [564]-[570]
  • A solidified juice, [1]
  • Elizabethan Charter, [283]
  • In roasted pyrites, [350]
  • In Sal artificiosus, [463]
  • Latin and German terms, [220]; [221]
  • Papal monopoly, [570]
  • Use in making nitric acid, [439]; [460]
• Amalgam.
  • Parting the gold from, [298]; [297]
• Amalgamation, [297]
  • Of gilt objects, [461]
  • Mills, [295]-[299]
• Amber, [34]; [35]
• Amethyst, [114]
• Amiantus (see [Asbestos]).
• Ampulla, [445]-[447]; [220]
• Annaberg, [VI]; [XXXI]; [42]; [75]; [75]
  • Profits, [92]
• Ant, venomous, [216]
• Antimony, [220]; [428]; [354]
  • Minerals, [110]
  • Smelting of, [400]; [428]
  • Use as type-metal, [2]; [429]
• Antimony Sulphide, [220]; [428]; [451]
  • Parting gold and silver with, [451]; [451]; [461]
  • Parting gold from copper, [463]
  • Parting silver and iron, [544]
• Antwerp, Scale of Weights, [263]
• Apex Law, [81]; [83]-[86]
• Aqua regia, [439]; [441]; [354]
• Aqua valens (see also [Nitric Acid]), [439]-[443]; [439]; [220]
  • Clarification with silver, [443]; [443]
  • Cleansing gold-dust with, [396]
  • Parting precious metals with, [443]-[447]
• Arbores dissectae (Lagging), [101]
• Archimedes, Screw of, [149]
• Architecture.
  • Knowledge necessary for miners, [4]
• Area fodinarum (see [Meer]).
• Argentiferous Copper Ores, Smelting of, [404]-[407]
• Argentite, [109]
• Argentum purum in venis (see [Native Silver]).
• Argentum rude plumbei coloris (see [Silver Glance]).
• Argentum rude rubrum translucidum (see [Ruby Silver]).
• Argol, [234]; [220]
  • As a flux, [234]; [238]; [243]
  • Use in melting silver nitrate, [447]
  • Use in smelting gold dust, [396]-[398]
• Argonauts, [330]
• Arithmetical Science.
  • Knowledge necessary for miners, [4]
• Armenia, Stone of, [115]
• Arsenic (see also [Orpiment] and [Realgar]), [111]; [214]
• Arsenicum, [111]
• Arsenopyrite, [111]
• Asbestos, [440]; [440]; [114]
• Ash-coloured Copper, [539]-[540]; [540]; [523]-[524]; [492]
  • From liquation, [529]-[530]
• Ashes which Wool Dyers use (see also [Potash]), [233]; [559]; [220]
  • Use in assaying, [236]-[238]
• Ash of Lead, [237]-[238]; [237]; [220]
• Ash of Musk Ivy (see also [Potash] and [Nitrum]), [236]-[238]; [220]
• Asphalt, [581]
• Asphaltites (see [Dead Sea]).
• Assay Balances (see [Balances]).
• Assay Fluxes (see [Fluxes]).
• Assay Furnaces, [224]-[228]; [220]
  • Crucible, [226]-[227]
  • Muffle, [224]-[228]; [239]
• Assaying (see also [Probierbüchlein]), [219]; [219]; [220]; [354]
  • Amalgamation, [243]
  • Bismuth, [247]
  • Copper, [244]
  • Cupellation, [240]
  • Gold and silver alloys, [248]
  • Gold ore, [242]-[244]
  • Iron ore, [247]
  • Lead, [245]-[246]
  • Silver, [242]-[245]
  • Silver and copper alloys, [249]-[250]
  • Tin, [246]
  • Tin and silver alloys, [251]
• Assay Muffles (see [Muffles]).
• Assay Ton, [261]; [242]
• Assyrian Copper, [402]
• Asthma, [214]
• Astronomy.
  • Knowledge necessary for miners, [4]
• Atarnea.
  • Mines near, [26]; [27]
• Athens.
  • Mining law, [83]
  • Sea power and mines, [27]
  • Silver mines (see [Mt. Laurion, Mines of]).
• Atramentum Sutorium (see also [Vitriol]), [572]; [110]
• Atramentum Sutorium candidum, [113]
• Atramentum Sutorium rubrum, [274]; [274]
• Aurichalcum, [409]; [404]
• Auripigmentum (see [Orpiment]).
• Azure, [1]; [109]; [220]
  • An indication of copper, [116]
  • An indication of gold, [117]
  • Colour of flame, [235]
• Azurite [109]; [220]; [402]

• Babel, Tower of, [582]
• Babylonia.
  • Bitumen in, [582]
  • Use of lead, [391]
• Babytace.
  • Gold buried by inhabitants, [9]; [15]
• Baebelo, [42]; [42]
• Balances, [224]; [264]-[265]
• Barite, [115]
• Barmaster, of High Peak, [77]
• Bars, for Furnace Work, [382]
• Baskets, for Hoisting, [153]
• Batea, [156]
• Beer, [230]; [220]
• Bell, to call Workmen, [100]
• Bellows, [362]-[373]; [419]
  • Ancient use of, [354]; [355]; [362]
  • Assay furnace, [226]; [245]
  • Mine ventilation with, [207]-[210]
• Beni Hassen, Inscriptions at, [586]
• Berg-geel, [111]
• Bergmeister, [33]; [81]; [95]; [77]; [77]; [78]
  • Deals with forfeited shares, [92]-[93]
  • Jurors, [96]
• Bergmeister's Clerk, [95]; [78]
• Bergzinober (see [Quicksilver]).
• Bermius (Bermium), Mt. (see [Mt. Bermius]).
• Bismuth, [433]; [354]; [220]
  • Assaying ores of, [247]
  • Indication of silver, [116]
  • Minerals, [2]; [111]
  • Smelting of, [433]-[437]; [400]
  • The "roof of silver," [117]; [433]
  • Zaffre, [112]
• Bitumen.
  • Ancient knowledge of, [220]; [581]-[582]; [354]
  • Colour of fumes, [235]
  • Dead Sea, [33]
  • Distillation, [581]
  • From springs, [582]
  • Harmful to metals, [273]
  • Roasting from ore, [273]; [276]; [351]
  • Solidified juice, [1]
• Bituminosa cadmia (see [Cadmia bituminosa]).
• Blast, Regulation of, [380]; [386]
• Blasting, [119]
• Blende, [113]
• Bleyberg, [239]
• Bloodstone, [111]; [2]
• Bloom, [420]
• Blütstein (see [Ironstone]).
• Bohemia.
  • Antimony sulphide, [428]
  • Pestilential vapours, [216]
  • Sifting ore in, [293]
  • Smelting, [384]
• Bone-ash, [230]; [466]
• Borax, [560]; [221]; [110]
  • Method of manufacture, [560]
  • Use in gold smelting, [444]; [457]; [464]
  • Use in assaying, [245]; [246]
• Bornite, [109]
• Boundary Stones, [87]; [129]
• Boundaries, [77]; [147]
• Bowls for Alluvial Washing, [322]; [324]; [334]; [336]
• Brass, [410]; [354]; [2]
  • Ancient methods of making, [404]-[405]; [112]
• Breaking Ore, [117]-[119]
• Brick Dust.
  • Used in cementation, [454]; [454]
  • Used in making nitric acid, [440]
• Brine (see also [Salt]).
  • Evaporation of, [547]-[548]
• Britain.
  • Lead-silver smelting, [392]
  • Miners mentioned by Pliny, [83]
  • Tin trade, [411]-[413]
• British Museum.
  • Egyptian gold-mining, [399]
  • Egyptian lead, [390]
  • Egyptian steel, [402]
• Bromyrite, [109]
• Bronze.
  • Historical notes, [411]; [402]; [354]
• Bronze Age, [355]; [402]; [411]
• Bryle (Outcrop), [101]
• Buckets, for Hoisting Ore, [153]-[154]; [157]
• Buddle, [281]; [282]; [267]
  • Divided, [302]-[303]
  • Simple, [300]-[302]; [312]-[315]
• Bullion, Pouring into Bars, [382]
• Burning Ore, [231]; [273]; [267]
• Burnt Alum, [233]; [565]; [221]

• Cadmia (see also [Zinc], [Pompholyx], and [Cobalt]), [542]; [542]; [112]-[113]
  • Ancient ore of brass, [410]
  • From dust chambers, [394]
  • From liquation, [539]; [542]
  • From roasting matte, [349]
  • Poisonous to miners, [214]; [214]
  • Roasting, [276]
  • Smelting for gold and silver, [410]
• Cadmia bituminosa, [276]; [273]; [113]
• Cadmia fornacis (see [Furnace Accretions]).
• Cadmia fossilis (see [Calamine] and [Blende]).
• Cadmia metallica (see also [Cobalt]), [403]; [113]
• Caeruleum (see [Azure]).
• Cakes of Melted Pyrites, [379]; [222]
  • A flux, [234]
  • Roasting of, [349]-[351]
  • Use in smelting, [379]
• Calaëm (see also [Zinc]), [409]
• Calamine, [112]; [113]; [409]; [410]
• Calcite, [114]
• Calcspar, [116]; [114]
• Caldarium Copper, [512]; [542]; [404]; [511]
• Caldrons, for Evaporating Salts, [548]
• Calmei (see [Calamine]).
• Cameros.
  • Zinc found at, [409]
• Camphor, [238]; [238]; [221]
• Cam-shaft, [282]-[283]; [267]
• Canales (Ore Channels), [43]; [46]; [47]
  • Ore shoots in, [117]
• Cannon, [11]
• Cardinal Points, [57]; [58]
• Carnelian, [114]
• Carneol (see [Carnelian]).
• Carni, [390]
  • Cupellation, [483]
  • Smelting of lead ores, [390]
• Carpathian Mountains.
  • Liquation practice in, [540]; [544]
  • Sieves, [289]
  • Stamp-milling, [319]
• Carthage.
  • Mines in Spain, [27]
• Castulo (Cazlona), [42]
• Cementation (see also [Parting Gold from Silver]), [453]-[457]; [453]; [458]
• Centumpondium, [616]; [242]; [509]
  • Scale of weights, [260]-[261]
• Cerargurite, [109]
• Cerussa (see [White-lead]).
• Cerussite, [110]
• Chain Pumps, [171]-[175]
• Chalcanthite, [110]
• Chalcanthum (see also [Vitriol]), [109]; [572]
• Chalcedony, [114]
• Chalcitis, [573]; [109]
  • Indication of copper, [116]
• Chalcocite, [109]; [402]
• Chalcopyrite, [109]
• Chaldean Antimony, [429]
• Chemistry.
  • Origin, [XXVII]; [220]
• Chemnitz.
  • Agricola appointed city physician, [VII].
  • Agricola elected burgomaster, [VIII]; [IX].
  • Quarrel over Agricola's burial, [XI].
• China, Grand Canal of, [129]
• Chinese.
  • Early copper smelting, [402]
  • Early iron, [421]
  • Early silver metallurgy, [391]
  • Early zinc smelting, [409]
• Chrysocolla (see also [Borax]), [110]; [221]; [584]; [1]
  • Collection in vats, [584]
  • Colour of fumes, [235]
  • Indication of copper, [116]
  • Indication of gold, [117]
  • Mineral, [109]
  • Smelting of, [401]
• Church, Share in Mines, [91]
• Cimolite, [31]
• Cinnabar (see [Quicksilver] and [Minium]).
• Claim, in American Title, [77]
• Cloth.
  • Lining sluices, [322]
  • Ventilation by shaking, [210]
• Coal, [34]
• Cobalt, [354]; [542]; [112]-[113]
  • Cobalt-blue, [112]; [433]
  • From lead smelting, [408]
  • King Hiram's experience with, [214]
  • Poisonous to miners, [214]
  • Relation to cadmia, [112]
  • Relation to bismuth, [435]
  • Smelting ores of, [401]
• Cobalt-Arsenic Minerals (see [Arsenic]).
• Cobaltite, [113]
• Cobaltum cineraceum (see [Smallite]).
• Cobaltum ferri colore (see [Cobaltite]).
• Cobaltum nigrum (see [Abolite]).
• Coiners, [95]; [78]
• Coins, [251]-[253]; [457]
• Colchis.
  • Alluvial gold washing, [330]
• Cologne.
  • Scale of weights, [263]
• Companies, Mining, [89]-[93]; [90]
  • Fraudulent dealing, [22]
  • Investment in, [29]
• Compass, [141]-[142]; [56]; [129]
  • Divisions of the, [56]; [57]
  • Swiss, [145]; [137]
• Concentrates.
  • From washing liquation products, [542]
  • Sintering of, [401]
  • Smelting of, [394]; [396]-[399]; [401]
• Concentration, [267]-[348]; [279]; [354]
• Congius, [153]; [172], [617]
• Constantinople, Alum Trade, [569]
• Consumption.
  • Miners liable to, [214]
• Conterfei (see [Zinc]).
• Contracts, Method of Setting, [96]
• Copiapite, [111]
• Copper (see also [Liquation]), [109]; [402]; [511]
  • Assay of, [244]; [249]
  • Granulation of, [250]
  • Indications of, [116]
  • Parting from gold, [462]-[464]
  • Parting gold from silver, [448]-[451]; [448]
  • Ratio in liquation cakes, [505]; [506]
  • Residues from liquation, [521]
  • Rosette, [538]
• Copper-filings, [233]; [233]; [221]
• Copper flowers, [538]; [110]; [233]; [538]
  • Pliny's description, [404]
• Copper Glance, [401]; [109]
• Copper Matte.
  • Roasting, [350]
  • Smelting, [404]-[407]
• Copper Ore (see also [Copper Smelting], etc.), [109]
  • Assaying, [244]-[245]
• Copper Pyrites, [117]; [109]
• Copper Refining, [530]-[538]; [354]; [492]; [535]-[536]
  • Breaking cakes, [501]-[503]
  • Enrichment of silver by settling, [510]
  • Roman method, [404]
  • Rosette copper, [535]
• Copper Scales, [110]; [221]; [233]; [539]
  • Use in assaying, [245]
• Copper Schists (see also [Mannsfeld Copper Slates]), [127]
  • Method of smelting, [408]
• Copper Smelting, [388]-[390]; [401]; [404]; [402]
  • Invention of appliances, [353]-[354]
• Cornwall.
  • Ancient tin mining, [413]
  • Early German miners, [282]
  • Early mining law, [85]
  • Early ore dressing, [282]
  • Influence on German mining, [283]
  • "Knockers," [217]
  • Mining terms, [77]; [101]; [267]; [282]
  • Royal Geol. Soc. Transactions, [84]
• Coticula (see [Touchstone]).
• Counterfeht (see [Zinc]).
• Crane.
  • For cupellation furnaces, [476]-[477]
  • For lead cakes, [500]
  • For liquation cakes, [514]
• Cremnitz.
  • Age of mines, [5]
  • Width of veins, [52]
• Crinoid Stems, [115]
• Croppings, [37]; [37]
• Crosscuts, [106]
• Crowbars, [152]
• Crucible.
  • Assay, [228]; [230]; [241]; [245]; [221]
  • Of blast furnaces, [376]; [377]
• Crudaria, [65]
• Crushing Mills (see [Stamp-mill] and [Mills]).
• Crushing Ore, [231]; [279]-[287]; [279]
• Crystal (Crystallum), [114]
• Cumberland.
  • Early report on ores of, [267]
  • Roman lead furnaces, [392]
• Cup-Bearer.
  • Right to a meer, [81]
• Cupellation, [464]-[483]; [465]-[466]
  • Buildings and furnaces, [464]-[472]; [492]
  • Brightening of the silver, [241], [475]
  • In assaying, [240]
  • In "tests," [483]
  • Latin and German terms, [221]; [492]
  • Litharge, [475]
• Cupels, [228]-[230]; [221]; [466]
  • Drying of, [240]
  • Moulds, [231]
• Cupric Oxide, [221]
• Cuprite, [109]; [402]
• Cyanus (see also [Azurite]), [110]
• Cyprus.
  • Ancient copper smelting, [402]

• Dach, [127]
• Dactylos, [617]; [78]
• Dangers to Miners, [214]-[218]
• Darrlinge, [492]
• Darrofen, [492]
• Darrsöhle, [492]
• Dawling, of a Vein, [101]
• Dead Sea.
  • Bitumen in, [33]
• Decemviral College, [96]
• Decumanus (see [Tithe Gatherer]).
• Demensum (see [Measure]).
• Demons (see also [Gnomes]), [217]; [217]
• Derbyshire (see also [High Peak]).
  • Early ore washing, [281]
  • Introduction jigging sieve, [283]
  • Mining law, [77]; [84]-[85]
• Descent into Mines, [212]
• Devon.
  • Mining law, [85]
• Dilleugher, [267]
• Dioptra, [129]
• Diphrygum, [404]
• Dip of Veins, [65]-[75]
• Dippas, [101]
• Dippers, [157]
  • Of pumps, [172]
• Discretores (see [Sorters]).
• Distillation, [441]
  • For making nitric acid, [441]
  • Of amalgam, [244]
  • Of quicksilver, [426]-[432]
• Distributor, [78]
• Divining Rod, [38]-[40]; [38]; [40]
• Divisions of the Compass, [56]; [57]
• Drainage of Mines, [121]; [171]-[198]
  • With buckets, [171]
  • With chain pumps, [172]
  • With rag and chain pumps, [188]
  • With suction pumps, [172]
  • With water bags, [198]
• Drawing.
  • Knowledge necessary for miners, [4]
• Drifts, [104]; [105]; [101]
  • Timbering of, [125]
• Drusy Veins, [107]; [107]
• "Drying" Liquation Residues (see also [Liquation]), [527]-[529]; [491]; [492]
  • Furnaces for, [521]; [526]; [492]
  • Silver extracted by, [529]
  • Slags from, [523]
• Dumps, Working of, [30]
• Dust Chambers, [394]; [416]; [354]
• Dutins, (Timbers), [101]
• Dynamite, [119]

• "Earths."
  • Agricola's view of, [1]; [46]; [48]
  • Extraordinary, [115]
  • Peripatetic view of, [46]; [47]
• Egyptians.
  • Alluvial mining, [330]
  • Antimony, [428]
  • Bronze, [402]; [411]
  • Copper smelting, [402]
  • Crushing and concentration, [279]
  • Furnaces, [355]
  • Glass making, [586]
  • Gold mining, [399]
  • Iron, [421]
  • Maps, [129]
  • Mining law, [83]
  • Silver and lead metallurgy, [390]
  • Tin, [411]; [412]
• Egyptian Screw (see [Archimedes, Screw of]).
• Eifel.
  • Spalling ore, [272]
• Eisenertz (see [Ironstone]).
• Eisenglantz (see [Ironstone]).
• Eisleben.
  • Heap roasting, [279]; [274]
• Electrum, [458]; [2]; [35]
• Elements, Peripatetic Theory of, [44]
• Emery, [115]
• Erbisdorff.
  • Tin strakes, [304]
• Excoctores (see [Smelters]).
• Exhalations.
  • From veins, [38]; [44]
• Exhausted Liquation Cakes (see [Liquation Cakes, Exhausted]).

• Fans, Ventilation, [203]-[207]
• Fathom, [616]; [77]; [78]
• Federwis, (see also [Asbestos]), [114]; [274]
• Feldspar, [114]
• Ferrugo (see [Iron-rust]).
• Ferrum purum (see [Native Iron]).
• Fibrae (see [Stringers]).
• Fineness, Scales of, [253]; [617]
• Fire-setting, [118]-[120]; [118]-[119]
• Firstum Mines (see [Fürst]).
• Fissure Vein (see [Vena profunda]).
• Flame.
  • Determination of metal by, [235]
  • Determination of required flux by, [235]
• Flint, as a Flux, [380]
• Float, from Veins, [37]
• Flookan, [101]
• Flue-dust, [394]-[396]
• Fluores (see [Fluorspar]).
• Fluorspar, [115]; [380]; [381]
  • Indication of ore, [116]
• Flüsse (see [Fluorspar]).
• Fluxes (see also [Argol], [Saltpetre], [Limestone], [Stones which easily melt], etc.), [232]-[239]; [232]; [237]; [380]; [221]
  • Basic, [237]
  • De-sulphurizing, [236]; [237]
  • For smelting, [379]; [380]; [386]; [390]
  • Reducing, [236]; [237]
  • Stock fluxes for assaying, [236]
  • Sulphurizing, [236]; [237]
• Footwall, [68]; [117]
• Forehearth, [356]; [375]-[378]; [386]; [355]
  • For tin furnaces, [411]; [413]
• Foreman (see [Mining Foreman]).
• Forest-Fires, [36]; [36]
• Forest of Dean, [84]
• Forest of Mendip, [84]
• Formae, [101]
• Fossa latens (see also [Drifts]), [101]
• Fossa latens transversa (see also [Crosscuts]), [101]
• Fossores (see [Miners]).
• Founders' Hoards, [355]; [402]
• Fractional Meers, [80]
• France.
  • Mediæval mining law, [84]
• Free Mining Cities, [84]
• Freiberg, [XXXI].
  • Age of the mines, [5]
  • Bergmeister, [95]
  • Division of shares, [81]; [90]; [91]
  • First discovery of veins, [35]; [36]
  • Flooding of mines, [218]
  • Method of cupellation, [482]
• Fullers' Earth, [115]
• Fumes.
  • From heated ore, [235]
  • Poisonous, [215]-[216]
• Fundamentum (see also [Footwall]), [101]
• Fundgrube (see also [Meer]), [77]
• Furnaces, [374]-[378]; [386]; [388]; [355]; [492]
  • Assaying (see [Assay Furnaces]).
  • Bismuth smelting, [433]-[437]
  • Burning tin concentrates, [349]
  • Cementation, [455]
  • Copper smelting, [401]-[408]
  • Cupellation, [467]-[468]; [482]-[483]
  • "Drying" liquated copper, [522]-[526]
  • Enriching copper bottoms, [510]
  • Gold and silver ores, [382]-[384]
  • Heating copper cakes, [503]
  • Iron smelting, [420]-[421]; [420]
  • Latin and German terms, [220]
  • Lead ores, [408]-[410]
  • Liquation of silver, [515]
  • Melting lead cakes, [498]
  • Nitric acid making, [441]
  • Parting precious metals with antimony, [452]-[453]
  • Quicksilver distillation, [426]-[432]
  • Refining copper, [531]-[533]
  • Refining silver, [483]; [489]
  • Refining tin, [418]
  • Roasting, [276]-[277]
  • Smelting liquation slags, [507]
  • Tin smelting, [411]-[413]; [419]
• Furnace Accretions, [113]; [221]; [492]
  • Removal of, [376]
• Furnace Hoods, [494]
• Fürst.
  • Mines of, [24]; [24]

• Gaarherd (see [Refining-hearth]).
• Gaarmachen (see [Copper Refining]).
• Gad, [150]
• Galena, [51]; [109]; [110]; [221]
  • Bismuth distinguished from, [3]
  • Smelting of, [400]-[401]
• Gangue Minerals, [48]
• Garlic.
  • Magnet weakened by, [39]
• Garnets, [334]
• Gases (see also [Fumes])
  • From fire-setting, [120]
• Gedigen eisen, silber, etc. (see [Native Iron], [Silver], etc.).
• Gel atrament (see [Misy]).
• Gems, [115]; [1]
• Geology.
  • Agricola's views, [595]
• Germans.
  • English mining influenced by, [283]
  • Mining men imported into England, [282]
  • Ore-dressing methods, [281]-[282]
• Geschwornen (in Saxon mines), [77]
• Geyer, [XXXI]; [42]; [VI].
  • Shafts, [102]
  • Tin-strakes, [304]
• Gilding, [460]
  • Removal from objects, [460]; [464]
• Gips (see [Gypsum]).
• Gittelde.
  • Smelting of lead ore, [391]
• Glantz (see [Galena]).
• Glasertz (see [Silver Glance]).
• Glasköpfe (see [Ironstone]).
• Glass, [584]-[592]
  • Blowing, [592]
  • Furnaces, [586]-[590]
  • From sand, [380]
• Glass-galls, [235]; [221]
  • As a flux, [235]; [238]; [243]; [246]
  • Use in parting gold from copper, [464]
  • Use in smelting gold concentrates, [397]; [398]
• Glette (see [Litharge]).
• Glimmer (see [Mica]).
• Gnomes.
  • In mines, [217]; [112]; [214]; [217]
• Goblins (see [Gnomes]).
• God's Gift Mine (see [Gottsgaab Mine]).
• Gold (see also [Gold Ores], [Parting], [Smelting], [Stamp-Mill], etc.).
  • Alluvial mining, [321]-[336]; [330]
  • Alluvial streams, [75]
  • Amalgamation, [297]
  • Gold-dust, [396]
  • Historical notes, [399]; [354]
  • Indications of, [108]; [116]
  • Lust for, not the fault of the metal, [16]
  • Minerals, [108]
  • Minerals associated with, [108]-[109]
  • Smelting of ores, [381]-[382]; [386]; [388]; [390]; [396]
  • Wickedness caused by, [9]-[10]
• Gold Concentrates, [396]-[399]; [398]
• Golden Fleece, [330]; [330]
• Gold Ores, [107]-[108]
  • Amalgamation, [295]-[299]; [297]
  • Assay by amalgamation, [243]-[244]
  • Assay by fire, [242]-[243]
  • Flux used in assaying, [235]
  • Flux used in smelting, [398]
  • Smelting in blast furnace, [398]-[400]
  • Smelting cupriferous ores, [404]-[407]
  • Smelting in lead bath, [399]
  • Smelting pyritiferous ore, [398]-[401]
  • Stamp-milling, [321]
• Goldstein (see [Touchstone]).
• Goslar, [5]; [37]; [37]
  • Lead smelting, [408]
  • Native zinc vitriol, [572]
  • Roasting ores, [274]; [274]
  • Spalling hard ore, [271]
• Goslarite, [113]; [572]
• Gottsgaab Mine, [VI]; [VII]; [74]; [74]
• Gounce, [267]
• Grand Canal of China, [129]
• Granulation Methods for Bullion, [444]
• Granulation of Copper, [250]
• Greeks.
  • Antimony, [428]
  • Brass making, [410]
  • Copper smelting, [403]
  • Iron and steel making, [421]
  • Metallurgy from Egypt, [402]
  • Mining law, [83]
  • Ore dressing, [281]
  • Quicksilver, [432]
  • Silver-lead smelting, [391]
  • Smelting appliances, [355]
• Grey Antimony (see also [Stibium]), [110]; [221]; [428]
• Griffins, [331]
• Groom of the Chamber.
  • Right to a meer, [81]
• Groove (see also [Shafts]), [101]
• Ground Sluices, [336]-[337]
• Ground Waters, [46]-[48]
• Grünspan (see [Verdigris]).
• Gulden, [92]; [419]
• Gunpowder.
  • First use for blasting in mines, [119]
  • Invention of, [562]
• Gypsum, [114]

• Hade, [101]
• Haematites (see [Ironstone]).
• Halinitrum (see [Saltpetre]).
• Halle, Salt Industry, [552]
• Hammers, [151]
  • With water power, [423]
• Hangingwall, [68]; [117]
• Harz Miners.
  • Agricola consulted, [VII].
  • Antimony sulphide, [428]
  • First mining charter, [84]
  • First stamp-mill, [282]
  • Pumps, [194]
• Hauling Appliances (see also [Whims] and [Windlasses]), [160]-[168]; [149]
• Heap Roasting, [274]-[276]
• Hearth-lead (see also [Molybdaena]), [475]; [476]; [110]; [221]
  • As a flux, [232]
  • Use in smelting, [379]; [398]; [400]
• Hearths.
  • For bismuth smelting, [433]-[437]
  • For melting lead, [390]; [498]
• Heavenly Host Mine (see [Himmelisch Höz Mine]).
• Heavy Spar, [115]
• Hebrews.
  • Knowledge of antimony, [428]
  • Silver-lead smelting, [391]
  • Term for tin, [412]
• Hematite, [111]
• Hemicycle (Hemicyclium), [137]-[138]
• Heraclion (see [Lodestone]).
• Herdplei (see [Hearth-Lead]).
• Hiero, King, [247]; [247]
• High Peak (Derbyshire).
  • Mining law, [84]
  • Nomenclature in mines, [77]
  • Saxon customs, connection with, [77]; [85]
• Himmelisch Höz mine, [74]; [92]; [75]
• Hoe, [152]
• Holidays of Miners, [99]
• Horn Silver, [109]
• Horns of Deer, [230]
• Hornstone, [116]; [114]
• Hungary.
  • Cupellation, [483]
• Hüttenrauch (see [Pompholyx]).

• Iglau, Charter of, [84]
• Incense in Cupellation Furnaces, [472]
• Indications of Ore, [106]; [107]; [116]
• Ingestores (see [Shovellers]).
• India.
  • Steel, [423]
  • Zinc, [409]
• Intervenium, [51]; [50]
• Investment in Mines, [26]-[29]
• Iron, [420]; [354]; [111]
  • Cast, [420]
  • Censure of, [11]
  • Indications of, [116]
  • Malleable, [420]
  • Smelting, [420]-[426]
  • Sulphur harmful to, [273]
• Iron Age, [420]
• Iron Filings (see also [Iron-Scales]), [221]
  • Use in assaying, [234]; [238]; [246]
• Iron Ore.
  • Assaying of, [247]
  • Smelting of, [420]-[426]
• Iron-rust, [116]; [474]; [1]; [111]
• Iron-scales, [221]
  • Flux, [234]
  • Use in smelting gold, [398]
  • Use in smelting silver, [400]
  • Use in making nitric acid, [440]
  • Use in parting gold from copper, [464]
• Iron-slag, [221]
  • As a flux, [234]; [235]
• Ironstone, [390]; [111]
• Italians.
  • Alluvial mining in Germany, [334]
• Italy.
  • Mining formerly forbidden, [8]

• Jade, [114]
• Japan.
  • Steel, [423]
• Jasper, [111]; [2]
• Jaspis, [114]
• Jet, [34]
• Jigging Sieve, [310]; [267]; [283]
• Joachimsthal, [VI].
  • First stamp-mill, [281]
  • Mining shares and profits, [91]; [92]
• Jüdenstein (see [Lapis Judaicus]).
• Juices, [1]; [47]
  • Agricola's theory, [46]; [52]
  • From springs and streams, [33]
  • Stone juice, [46]; [49]
  • Tastes of, [34]
• Juices, Solidified.
  • Agricola's view of, [1]; [49]
  • Extraction of metals from, [350]
  • Preparation of, [545]
• Julian Alps.
  • Stamp-milling in, [319]
• Junctions (see [Veins, Intersections of]).
• Jurati (see [Jurors]).
• Jurors, [22]; [92]; [96]; [78]
  • In English mining custom, [85]
  • Relations to Bergmeister, [95]; [77]
• Justinian Code.
  • Mines, [84]

• Kalchstein (see [Limestone]).
• Kammschale, [127]
• Kaolinite (see [Porcelain Clay]).
• Katzensilber (see [Mica]).
• King.
  • Deputy, [94]
  • Right to a meer, [81]
• Kinstock (see [Liquation Cakes, Exhausted]).
• Kis (see [Pyrites]).
• Knockers (see [Gnomes]).
• Kobelt (see [Cobalt]).
• Kölergang Vein, [42]
• Königsberg.
  • Fire-setting, [119]
• Kupferglas ertz (see [Copper Glance]).
• Kupferschiefer (see [Copper Schists]).
• Kuttenberg.
  • Depths of shafts, [102]

• Labour Condition in Mining Title, [92]; [83]-[85]
• Lacedaemonians (see [Spartans]).
• Lachter (see [Fathom]).
• Ladderways in Shafts, [124]; [212]
• Ladle for Bullion, [382]
• Lapis aerarius (see [Copper Ore]).
• Lapis alabandicus, [380]
• Lapis Judaicus, [115]; [115]
• Lapis specularis (see [Gypsum]).
• Laths (Lagging), [101]
• La Tolfa.
  • Alum manufacture, [565]
  • Discovery of, [570]
• Laurion (Laurium), Mt. (see [Mt. Laurion, Mines of]).
• Lautental, Liquation at, [491]
• Law (see [Mining Law]).
• Law-suits over Shares in Mines, [94]
• Lead, [354]; [390]; [110]
  • Censure of, [11]
  • Cupellation, [464]-[483]
  • Melting prior to liquation, [500]
  • In liquation cakes, [505]-[506]; [505]; [506]
  • Refining silver, [483]-[490]
  • Smelting of ores, [388]-[392]; [400]
  • Use in assaying, [232]; [239]; [242]; [244]; [249]; [251]
  • Washing in sluices, [347]
• Lead-ash, [237]; [237]; [221]
  • As a flux, [234]
  • Use in parting gold from copper, [463]
• Lead Bath, [381]
• Lead-glass, [236]
• Lead Granules, [239]; [463]; [221]
• Leading (in liquation), [304]; [507]; [513]; [491]; [492]; [504]
  • Components of the charge, [505]-[509]
• Lead Ochre, [232]; [110]; [221]
• Lead Ore.
  • Assay methods, [245]-[246]
  • Roasting, [275]
  • Smelting in blast furnace, [390]; [408]
• Lease, in Australian Title, [77]
• Leaves, Preparation of Bullion into, [444]
• Leberthal, [24]
• Lees of aqua which separates Gold from Silver, [234]; [443]; [221]
  • As a flux, [234]; [238]
• Lees of Vinegar (see also [Argol]), [221]
  • As a flux, [234]; [236]; [243]; [234]
• Lees of Wine (see [Argol]).
• Lemnos, Island of, [31]
• Lemnian Earth, [31]
• Leprosy of House Walls (see [Saltpetre]).
• Level (see also [Drift]), [101]
• Level, Plummet (see [Plummet Level]).
• Limestone, [114]; [221]
  • As a flux, [236]; [390]
• Limonite, [111]
• Limp, [267]
• Linares.
  • Hannibal's mines near, [42]
• Lipari Islands.
  • Alum from, [566]
• Liquated Silver-lead (see [Stannum] and [Silver-lead]).
• Liquation, [519]-[521]; [491]; [519]
  • Ash-coloured copper from, [529]
  • Buildings for, [491]
  • Furnace, [515]-[518]; [492]
  • Historical note on, [494]
  • Losses, [491]; [539]
  • Nomenclature, [492]
• Liquation Cakes, [505]-[509]; [492]; [505]; [506]
  • Enrichment of the lead, [512]; [512]
  • Extraction of silver from, [512]
  • From bye-products of liquation, [539]-[540]
  • From copper bottoms, [512]; [512]
  • Proportion of lead in rich silver copper, [509]
• Liquation Cakes, Exhausted, [521]-[526]; [406]; [492]; [520]
• Liquation Slags, [509]; [492]; [541]
  • Furnaces for, [507]
  • Treatment of, [541]
• • From cupellation, [543]; [543]
  • From "drying" copper residues, [529]
• Liquation Thorns, [522]; [539]; [492]; [539]; [540]
  • Use in reducing silver nitrate, [447]
  • Use in smelting, [379]; [398]; [400]
• Litharge (see also [Cupellation]), [475]; [232]-[238]; [466]; [476]; [110]; [222]
  • Compass, [57]
• Lithargyrum (see [Litharge]).
• Lodestone, [115]; [111]; [115]; [2]
• Los Pozos de Anibal, [42]
  • Gold alluvial, [347]
  • Sluices for gold washing, [325]
  • Tin smelting, [419]
• Lotores (see [Washers]).
  • Preparation of for furnace linings, [375]-[376]
• Lusitania.
  • Mining law, [83]
  • The King's mines, [27]
• Lute, [1]
  • Use in making fluxes, [236]
  • Use in parting, [463]
• Lydia.
• Lye, [558]; [221]; [233]

• Magister Metallicorum (see [Bergmeister]).
• Magister Monetariorum (see [Master of the Mint]).
• Magnes (see also [Lodestone] and [Manganese]), [585]; [111]; [115]; [585]
• Magnet, [247]
  • Garlic, [39]
• Magnetis (see [Mica]).
• Magnetite, [111]
• Malachite, [109]; [221]
• Maladies of Miners, [214]-[217]
• Maltha, [581]
• Manager (see [Mine Manager]).
• Manganese, [586]; [354]
• Mannsfeld Copper Slates, [126]-[127]; [279]; [127]; [273]
• Map-making, [129]
• Marble, [115]; [2]; [114]
• Marcasite, [111]; [112]; [409]
• Marga (see [Marl]).
• Marienberg, [XXXI]; [VI].
• Marl, [114]
• Marmelstein (see [Marble]).
• Marmor (see [Marble]).
• Marmor alabastrites (see [Alabaster]).
• Marmor glarea, [114]
• Massicot (see also [Lead Ochre]), [110]; [221]; [232]
• Master of the Horse, [81]
• Master of the Mint, [95]; [78]
• Matte (see [Cakes of Melted Pyrites]).
• Matte Smelting, [404]-[407]
• Measure (unit of mining area), [78]; [78]
• Measures, [616]-[617]; [78]; [550]
• Medicine.
  • Knowledge necessary for miners, [3]
• Medulla saxorum (see [Porcelain Clay]).
• Meer, [77]-[89]
  • Boundary stones, [87]
  • On vena cumulata, [87]
  • On vena dilatata, [86]
• Meissen.
  • Dumps from mines, [312]
• Melanteria, [117]; [112]; [573]
  • Indication of copper, [116]
• Melanterite, [111]
• Melos, Island of, [566]
• Menning (see [Red-lead]).
• Mergel (see [Marl]).
• Metals, [2]; [44]; [51]
  • Advantages and uses, [19]; [20]
  • Necessity to man, [XXV]; [12]-[13]
  • Not responsible for evil passions, [15]
• Metreta, [153]
• Mexico.
  • Patio process, [297]
• Mica, [114]
• Middle Ages, Mining Law of, [84]
• Mills for Grinding Ore, [294]-[299]; [280]
• Mimes (see also [Gnomes]), [217]
• Mine Captain, [26]; [77]
• Mine Manager, [97]; [98]; [77]; [78]
• Mineral Kingdom, Agricola's Divisions of, [1]
• Minerals, [594]; [108]; [48]; [51]
  • Compound, [2]; [51]
  • Mixed, [2]; [51]
• Miners, [1]-[4]; [25]; [78]
  • Duties and punishments, [100]; [22]
  • Law (see [Mining Law]).
  • Litigation among, [21]
  • Slaves as, [23]
• Mines.
  • Abandonment of, [217]
  • Conditions desirable, [30]-[33]
  • Investments in, [26]-[29]
  • Management of, [25]; [26]
  • Names of, [42]
• Mines Royal, Company of, [283]
• Mining (see also [Sett], [Lease], [Claim], [Meer], etc.).
  • Criticisms of, [4]-[12]
  • Harmless and honourable, [14]; [20]; [23]
  • Methods of breaking ore, [117]-[118]
  • Stoping, [125]
• Mining Clerk, [93]; [95]; [96]; [78]
• Mining Companies (see [Companies, Mining]).
• Mining Foreman, [98]-[99]; [78]
  • Frauds by, [21]-[22]
• Mining Law, [82]-[86]
  • Boundary stones, [87]
  • Drainage requirements, [92]-[93]
  • England, [84]-[86]
  • Europe, [84]
  • Forfeiture of title, [92]-[93]
  • France, [84]
  • Greek and Roman, [83]
  • Middle Ages, [84]-[85]
  • Right of Overlord, Landowner, State and Miner, [82]
  • Tunnels, [88]-[89]
• Mining Prefect, [26]; [94]; [78]
• Mining Rights (see [Mining Law] and [Meer]).
• Mining Terms, Old English, [77]; [101]
• Mining Tools, [149]-[153]
  • Buckets for ore, [153]-[154]
  • Buckets for water, [157]
  • Trucks, [156]
  • Wheelbarrows, [155]
• Minium, [111]
  • Quicksilver from, [433]
  • Red-lead, [232]
• Minium secundarium (see [Red-lead]).
• Mispickel (Mistpuckel), [111]
• Misy (the mineral), [573]; [111]; [403]
  • An indication of copper, [116]
  • Use in parting gold and silver, [459]
• Mitlere und obere offenbrüche (see [Furnace Accretions]).
• Modius, [617]; [405]
• Moglitz.
  • Tin working, [318]
• Moil, [150]
• Molybdaena, [110]; [221]; [476]; [400]; [408]
  • Term for lead carbonates, [400]; [408]
• Molybdenite, [477]
• Monetarius (see [Coiners]).
• Money, Assaying of, [251]-[252]
• Morano Glass Factories, [592]
• Moravia.
  • Cupellation, [483]
  • Stamp-milling, [321]
  • Washing gold ore, [324]
• Mordants, [569]
• Mortar-box, [279]-[280]; [312]; [319]; [267]
• Mountains.
  • Formation of, [595]
• Mt. Bermius.
  • Gold Mines of, [26]; [27]
• Mt. Laurion, Mines of, [27]; [27]-[29]; [391]
  • Crushing and concentration of ores, [281]
  • Cupellation, [465]
  • Mining law, [83]
  • Smelting appliances, [355]
  • Xenophon on, [6]
• Mt. Sinai.
  • Ancient copper smelting, [355]; [402]
• Muffle Furnaces, [224]-[228]; [239]
• Muffles, [227]; [239]; [222]
  • Refining silver, [489]-[490]
• Mühlberg, Battle of, [X].
• Murrhina (see [Chalcedony]).
• Muskets, [11]
• Mycenae.
  • Copper, [402]
  • Silver-lead smelting, [391]

• Names of Mines, [42]
• Naphtha, [581]
• Native Copper, [109]
• Native Iron, [111]
• Native Minerals, [107]
• Native Silver, [269]; [109]
• Natron (see [Nitrum]).
• Neolithic Furnaces, [355]
• Neusohl, Method of Screening Ore, [290]
• Newbottle Abbey, [35]
• Nitocris, Bridge of, [391]
• Nitric Acid (see also [Aqua valens]), [439]-[443]; [460]; [439]; [354]
  • Assay parting gold and silver, [248]
  • Testing silver regulus with, [449]
  • Use in cleaning gold dust, [396]
• Nitrum (see also [Soda]), [558]; [110]
• Nomenclature, [I]; [267]
  • Mining law, [77]; [78]
  • Mining officials, [77]; [78]
• Norici, [388]
  • Conveyance of ore, [169]
• Normans.
  • Mining Law in England, [85]
• Notary, [94]; [78]
• Nubia.
  • Early gold-mining, [399]
• Nuremberg, Scale of Weights, [263]

• Obolus, [25]
• Ochra nativa, [111]
• Ochre Yellow, [111]
• Offenbrüche (see [Furnace Accretions]).
• Olynthus.
  • Betrayal to Philip of Macedon, [9]
• Operculum, [441]; [222]
• Orbis, [141]; [137]
• Ore (see various metals, [Assaying], [Mining], etc.).
• Ore Channels (see [Canales]).
• Ore Deposits, Theory of, [XIII]; [43]-[53]
• Ore Dressing, [267]-[351]
  • Burning, [273]
  • Hand spalling, [271]-[272]
  • Sorting, [268]-[271]
• Orguia, [78]; [78]; [617]
• Orichalcum (see [Aurichalcum]).
• Orpiment, [111]; [1]; [222]
  • Colour of fumes, [235]
  • Harmful to metals, [273]
  • Indication of gold, etc., [116]
  • Roasted from ore, [273]
  • Use in assaying, [237]
• Outcrops, [68]; [43]
• Ox-blood in Salt Making, [552]

• Pactolus, Gold Sands of, [27]
• Park's Process, [465]
• Parting Gold from Copper, [462]-[464]
• Parting Gold from Silver, [443]-[460]; [458]-[463]
  • Antimony sulphide, [451]-[452]; [451]-[452]; [461]
  • Cementation, [453]-[457]; [453]-[454]; [458]
  • Chlorine gas, [458]; [462]
  • Electrolysis, [458]; [462]
  • Nitric acid, [443]-[447]; [443]; [447]; [460]
  • Nitric acid (in assaying), [247]-[249]
  • Sulphur and copper, [448]-[451]; [448]; [461]
  • Sulphuric acid, [458]; [462]
• Partitions, [493]
• Passau, Peace of, [IX].
• Passus, [616]; [78]
• Patio Process, [297]-[298]
• Pattinson's Process, [465]
• Peak, The (see [High Peak]).
• Pentremites, [115]
• Pergamum.
  • Brazen ox of, [11]
  • Mines near, [26]; [27]
• Peripatetics, [XII].
  • Theory of ore deposits, [47]; [44]
  • View of wealth, [18]
• Persians.
  • Ancient mining law, [83]
• Pes, [616]; [78]
• Pestles, [231]; [483]
• Petroleum, [581]-[582]
• Phalaris, Brazen Bull of, [11]
• Philosophy.
  • Knowledge necessary for miners, [3]
• Phoenicians.
  • Copper and bronze, [402]
  • In Thasos, [24]
  • Tin, [411]-[412]
• Picks, [152]-[153]
• Pickschiefer (see [Ash-coloured Copper]).
• Placer Mining, [321]-[348]
• Pleigeel (see [Lead Ochre]).
• Pleiweis (see [White-lead]).
• Pleygang Vein, [42]
• Plumbago, [110]
• Plumbum candidum, [110]; [3]; [473]
• Plumbum cinereum, [111]; [3]
• Plumbum nigrum lutei coloris, [110]; [3]
• Plummet Level.
  • Standing, [143]; [137]
  • Suspended, [145]; [146]; [137]
• Pockets in Alluvial Sluices, [322]-[330]
• Poisonous Fumes (see [Fumes]).
• Poland.
  • Cupellation, [483]
  • Lead ore washing, [347]
  • Lead smelting, [392]
• Poletae, Tablets of the, [83]
• Poling Copper, [531]-[538]; [535]-[536]
• Pompeiopolis.
  • Arsenic mine at, [111]
• Pompholyx, [394]; [113]-[114]; [403]
  • From copper refinings, [538]
  • From cupellation, [476]
  • From dust-chambers, [394]
  • From roasting ore, [278]
  • Poisonous, [214]; [215]
  • Used for brass making, [410]
• Porcelain Clay, [115]
• Potash, [558]-[559]; [558]; [233]; [220]
  • In Sal artificiosus, [463]
• Pottery, Egyptian, [391]
• Potosi, [298]
• Pozos de Anibal, Los, [42]
• Pous, [617]; [78]
• Praefectus cuniculi, [78]
• Praefectus fodinae (see [Mine Manager]).
• Praefectus metallorum (see [Mining Prefect]).
• Praeses cuniculi, [78]
• Praeses fodinae (see [Mining Foreman]).
• Precious and Base Metals, [439]
• Primgap, [80]
• Procurator metallorum, [83]
• Prospecting, [35]
• Proustite, [108]
• Pumps, [171]-[200]; [149]
  • Chain, [171]-[175]
  • Rag and chain, [188]-[200]
  • Suction, [175]-[188]
• Purgator argenti (see [Silver Refiner]).
• Purser, [77]
• Puteoli, [501]
• Pyrargyrite, [108]
• Pyriten argentum, [408]
• Pyrites (see also [Cakes of Melted Pyrites]), [51]; [111]; [112]; [1]
  • As a flux, [234]
  • Assay for gold, [243]
  • In tin concentrates, [348]
  • Latin and German terms, [222]
  • Roasting, [273]-[274]
  • Roasting cakes of, [349]-[351]
  • Smelting for gold and silver, [399]; [401]
  • Used in making vitriol, [578]
• Pyrites aerosus (see [Copper Pyrites]).
• Pyrites aurei coloris (see [Copper Pyrites]).

• Quartz (see also [Stones which easily melt]), [114]
  • As a flux, [380]
  • An indication of ore, [116]
  • Material of glass, [380]
  • Silver ore, [113]
  • Smelting of, [401]
• Quarzum (see [Quartz]).
• Quertze, [380]
• Quicksilver, [432]; [2]; [354]; [110]
  • Amalgamation of gilt objects, [461]
  • Amalgamation of gold dust, [396]
  • Amalgamation of gold ores, [297]; [297]
  • Assaying methods, [247]
  • Ore, [426]-[432]
  • Use in assaying gold ore, [243]

• Rag and Chain Pumps, [188]-[200]
• Rake Veins, [101]
• Rammelsberg.
  • Collapse of mines, [216]
  • Discovery, [37]
  • Early vitriol making, [572]
• Rauchstein, [127]
• Realgar, [1]; [111]; [222]
  • Colour of fumes, [235]
  • Harmful to metals, [273]
  • Indication of ore, [116]
  • Roasted from ore, [273]
• Rederstein (see [Trochitis]).
• Red-lead, [232]; [110]; [222]
  • Use in parting gold from copper, [463]
  • Use in parting gold from silver, [459]
• Refined Salt, [454]; [463]; [233]
• Refinery for Silver and Copper, [491]-[498]
• Refining Gold from Copper, [462]-[464]
• Refining Gold from Silver, [443]-[458]
• Refining-hearth, [492]
• Refining Silver, [483]-[490]; [465]; [484]
• Refining Silver from Lead, [464]
• Reformation, The, [V]; [VIII].
• Re-opening of Old Mines, [217]
• Revival of Learning.
  • Agricola's position in, [XIII].
• Reward Lease, in Australian Law, [77]
• Rhaetia, [388]
• Rhaetian Alps.
  • Stamp milling in, [319]
• Ring-fire, [448]
• Rio Tinto Mines.
  • Roman methods of smelting, [405]
  • Roman water-wheels, [149]
• Risks of Mining, [28]-[29]
• Rither (a horse), [101]
• Roasted Copper, [233]; [233]; [222]
• Roasting, [273]-[279]; [267]
  • Heap roasting, [274]-[275]
  • In furnaces, [276]
  • Mattes, [349]-[351]
  • Prior to assaying, [231]
• Rocks, [119]; [2]
• Rock-salt, [548]; [222]
  • Use in cementation, [454]
• Roman Alum, [565]
• Romans.
  • Amalgamation, [297]
  • Antimony, [428]
  • Brass making, [410]
  • Companies, [90]
  • Copper smelting, [404]-[405]
  • Mining law, [83]
  • Minium Company, [232]
  • Quicksilver, [433]
  • Roasting, [267]
  • Silver-lead smelting, [392]
  • Washing of ore, [281]
• Rosette Copper, [538]; [535]
• Rosgeel (see [Realgar]).
• Ruby Copper, [109]; [402]
• Ruby Silver, [51]; [108]
  • Assaying of, [244]
  • Cupellation, [473]
• Rudis Ores, [108]
• Rust (see [Iron-rust]).

• Sabines, [9]
• Saigerdörner (see [Liquation Thorns]).
• Saigerwerk (see [Stannum]).
• Salamander har (see [Asbestos]).
• Salamis, Battle of, [27]
• Sal-ammoniac, [560]; [560]; [222]
  • In cements for parting gold and silver, [454]-[457]
  • In making aqua valens, [441]
  • Uses in cupellation, [474]
  • Uses in making aqua regia, [460]
  • Uses in parting gold from copper, [463]
• Sal artificiosus, [236]; [463]; [236]
  • In assaying, [242]
  • As a flux, [234]
• Salt, [545]; [556]; [546]; [233]; [222]
  • As a flux, [234]-[238]
  • Pans, [545]; [546]
  • Solidified juice, [1]
  • Use in cementation, [454]; [454]
  • Use in parting gold from copper, [463]; [464]
  • Use in smelting ores, [396]; [400]
  • Wells, [546]-[547]
• Salt made from Ashes of Musk Ivy, [560]; [233]
• Sal torrefactus, [242]; [222]; [233]
• Sal tostus, [233]; [233]; [222]
• Saltpetre, [561]-[564]; [561]; [562]; [222]
  • As a flux, [233]; [236]-[238]; [245]; [247]
  • In smelting gold concentrates, [398]
  • Uses in cementation, [454]; [454]
  • Uses in making nitric acid, [439]; [440]; [447]; [454]
  • Uses in melting silver nitrate, [447]
• Sampling Copper Bullion, [249]
• Sand, [117]
• Sandaraca (see [Realgar]).
• Sandiver (see [Glass-galls]).
• Sarda (see [Carnelian]).
• Saxony.
  • High Peak customs from, [77]; [85]
  • Political state in Agricola's time, [VIII]; [IX].
  • Reformation, [IX].
• Saxum calcis (see [Limestone]).
• Scales of Fineness, [253]; [617]
• Scapte-Hyle, Mines of, [23]
• Schemnitz.
  • Age of mines, [5]
  • Gunpowder for blasting, [119]
  • Pumps, [194]
• Schist, [222]
• Schistos (see [Ironstone]).
• Schlackenwald.
  • Ore washing, [304]
• Schmalkalden League, [IX].
• Schmalkalden War, [IX]; [X].
• Schneeberg, [XXXI]; [VI].
  • Cobalt, [435]
  • Depth of shafts, [102]
  • Ore stamping, [281]
  • Shares, [91]
  • St. George mine, [91]; [74]; [75]
• Schwartz-atrament (see [Melanteria] and [Sory]).
• Scorification Assay, [239]
• Scorifier, [228]; [230]; [222]
  • Assays in, [238]; [239]
• Screening Ore (see [Sifting Ore]).
• Screens (see also [Screening]), [267]
  • In stamp-mill, [315]
• Scriba fodinarum (see [Mining Clerk]).
• Scriba magistri metallicorum (see [Bergmeister's Clerk]).
• Scriba partium (see [Share Clerk]).
• Scum of Lead from Cupellation, [475]
• Scythians.
  • Wealth condemned, [9]; [15]
• Seams in the Rocks, [72]; [43]; [47]
  • Indications of ore, [67]; [107]
• Sea-Water, Salt from, [545]-[546]
• Sesterce, [448]
• Sett, [77]
• Settling Pits, [316]; [267]
• Shaft-houses, [102]
• Shafts, [102]-[107]; [122]-[124]
  • Surveys of, [129]-[135]
  • Venae cumulatae, [128]
• Shakes, [101]
• Share Clerk, [97]; [93]; [78]
• Share in Mines (see [Companies, Mining]).
• Shears for Cutting Native Silver, [269]
• Shift, [99]; [92]
• Shoes (stamp), [285]-[286]; [267]
• Shovellers, [153]; [169]; [78]
• Sideritis (see [Lodestone]).
• Siegelstein (see [Lodestone]).
• Sieves.
  • For charcoal, [375]
  • For crushed ore, [287]-[293]; [341]
• Sifting Ore, [287]-[293]
• Signator publicus (see [Notary]).
• Silberweis (see [Mica]).
• Silex, [114]; [118]
• Silver (see also [Assaying], [Liquation], [Parting], [Refining], etc.), [390]; [354]; [108]
  • Amalgamation, [297]; [300]
  • Assaying, [248]-[251]
  • Cupellation, [464]-[483]; [241]
  • "Drying" copper residues from liquation, [529]
  • Enrichment in copper bottoms, [510]; [510]
  • Exhausted liquation cakes, [524]
  • Indicated by bismuth, etc., [116]
  • Liquation, [505]-[507]; [506]; [509]; [512]
  • Parting from gold (see [Parting Gold and Silver]).
  • Parting from iron, [544]; [544]
  • Precipitation from solution in copper bowl, [444]
  • Refining, [483]-[490]; [465]; [484]
  • Smelting of ores, [381]-[382]; [386]; [388]; [390]; [400]; [402]
  • Use in clarification of nitric acid, [443]; [443]
• Silver, Ruby (see [Ruby Silver]).
• Silver Glance, [108]
  • Assaying, [244]
  • Cupellation, [473]
  • Dressing, [269]
• Silver-Lead Alloy (see [Stannum], etc.).
• Silver Ores, [108]; [108]
  • Assaying, [242]-[244]
  • Assaying cupriferous ores, [245]
  • Fluxes required in assaying, [235]
  • Smelting cupriferous ores, [404]-[407]
• Silver-Plating, [460]
• Silver Refiner, [95]; [78]
• Silver Refining (see [Refining]).
• Silver Veins, [117]
• Singing by Miners, [118]
• Sintering Concentrates, [401]
• Slags (see also [Liquation Slags]), [222]
  • From blast furnace, [379]; [381]
  • From liquation, [491]; [492]; [523]
• Slaves as Miners, [23]; [83]
  • In Greek mines, [25]; [25]; [28]
• Slough (tunnel), [101]
• Sluices, [319]; [322]-[348]
• Smallite, [113]
• Smalt, [112]
• Smega, [404]
• Smelters, [78]
• Smelting (see also various metals), [379]-[390]; [353]-[355]
  • Assaying compared, [220]
  • Building for, [355]-[361]
  • Objects of, [353]
• Smirgel (see [Emery]).
• Smiris (see [Emery]).
• Smyrna.
  • Mines near, [27]
• Snake-Bites, [31]
• Soda (see also [Nitrum]), [558]; [559]; [233]; [222]
  • As a flux, [233]; [234]
  • Historical notes, [558]; [354]
  • Solidified juice, [1]
• Sole, [101]
• Solidified Juices (see [Juices, Solidified]).
• Solifuga, [216]; [216]
• Sorters, [78]
• Sorting Ore, [268]-[271]
• Sory, [112]; [403]; [573]
• Sows, [376]; [386]; [376]
• Spain (see also [Lusitania]).
  • Ancient silver-lead mines, [149]; [392]
  • Ancient silver mines of Carthage, [27]
  • Ancient tin mines, [411]-[412]
• Spalling Ore, [271]-[272]
• Spangen (see [Trochitis]).
• Spanschgrün (see [Verdigris]).
• Spartans.
  • Gold and silver forbidden, [9]; [15]
  • Interference with Athenian mines, [27]
• Spat (see [Heavy Spar]).
• Spelter, [409]
• Sphalerite, [113]
• Spiauter, [409]
• Spiesglas (see [Stibium]).
• Spines of Fishes for Cupels, [230]
• Spodos, [538]; [394]; [113]; [114]
• Spuma argenti (see [Litharge]).
• Staffordshire.
  • First pumping engine, [149]
• Stalagmites, [114]
• Stall Roasting, [350]-[351]
• Stamp, [267]
  • For breaking copper cakes, [501]-[503]
  • For crushing crucible lining, [373]-[375]
• Stamping Refined Silver, [489]
• Stamp-mill, [279]-[287]; [281]-[282]; [267]
  • Wet ore, [312]-[314]; [319]-[321]
• Standing Plummet Level (see [Plummet Level]).
• Stannaries, [85]
• Stannum, [473]; [2]; [384]; [492]
• Steel, [423]-[426]; [422]-[423]; [354]
• Steiger, [77]
• Steinmarck (see [Porcelain Clay]).
• Stemple (stull), [101]
• Stephanite, [109]
• Sternen Mine, [92]; [75]
• Steward (of High Peak mines), [77]
• St. George Mine (Schneeberg), [91]; [74]; [75]
• Stibium (see also [Antimony] and [Antimony Sulphide]), [110]; [428]; [2]; [221]
  • Flux to be added to, [235]
  • In assaying, [237]-[239]
  • In cementation, [458]-[460]
  • Indication of silver, [116]
  • In making nitric acid, [440]
  • In parting gold and silver, [451]-[452]; [459]
  • In parting gold from copper, [464]
  • In treatment of gold concentrates, [396]; [397]
• Stibnite, [428]; [451]
• St. Lorentz Mine, [74]; [92]
• Stockwerke (see [Vena cumulata]).
• Stoics.
  • Views on wealth, [18]
• Stomoma, [423]
• Stone Juice, [46]; [49]
• Stones.
  • Agricola's view of, [2]; [46]; [49]
  • Various orders of fusibility, [380]
• "Stones which Easily Melt" (see also [Quartz]), [380]; [222]
  • As a flux, [233]; [236]; [233]
  • In making nitric acid, [440]
  • In smelting, [379]; [380]; [390]
  • Smelting of, [401]
• Stool (of a drift), [101]
• Stope, [126]
• Stoping, [125]
  • Venae cumulatae, [128]
  • Venae dilatatae, [126]; [127]
• Strake, [303]-[310]; [267]; [282]
  • Canvas, [307]-[310]; [314]; [316]; [267]
  • Egyptians, [280]
  • Greeks, [281]
  • Short, [306]-[307]; [267]
  • Washing tin concentrates, [341]-[343]
• Strata, [126]
• Streaming, [316]-[318]
• Stringers, [70]; [43]; [47]; [70]
  • Indication of ore, [106]
  • Mining method, [128]
• Styria, [388]
• Subterranean Heat, [46]; [595]
• Suction Pumps, [175]-[188]
• Sulphides, [267]; [355]
• Sulphur, [578]-[581]; [579]; [222]
  • Colour of fumes, [235]
  • Harmful to metals, [273]
  • In assaying, [235]-[238]
  • In parting gold from copper, [463]; [462]
  • In parting gold from silver, [448]-[451]; [448]; [461]
  • In smelting gold dust, [396]
  • Roasted from ores, [273]; [276]
  • Solidified juice, [1]
• Sulphur "not exposed to the fire," [458]; [463]; [579]
• Surveyor's Field, [137]; [144]; [142]
• Surveying, [128]-[148]; [129]
  • Necessary for miners, [4]
  • Rod, [137]-[138]
• Suspended Plummet Level (see [Plummet Level]).
• Swiss Compass, [145]; [137]
• Swiss Surveyors, [145]
• Symposium, [91]

• Tap-hole, [378]; [386]
• Tappets, [282]; [319]; [267]
• Tapping-bar, [381]
• Tarshish, Tin Trade, [412]
• Tartar (Cream of), [220]; [234]
• Tectum (Hangingwall), [101]
• Terra sigillata (see [Lemnian Earth]).
• "Tests", refining silver in, [483]-[490]; [465]; [484]
• Thaler, [92]
• Thasos, Mines of, [23]; [95]; [23]
• Theamedes, [115]
• Theodosian Code.
  • Mines, [84]
• Thorns (see [Liquation Thorns]).
• Thuringia.
  • Roasting pyrites, [276]
  • Sluices of gold washing, [327]
• Tigna (Wall plate), [101]
• Timbering.
  • Of ladderways and shafts, [122]; [123]; [124]
  • Of stopes, [126]
  • Of tunnels and drifts, [124]-[125]
• Tin, [411]-[413]; [354]; [110]
  • Alluvial mining, [336]-[340]
  • Assaying ore, [246]
  • Assaying for silver, [251]
  • Colour of fumes, [235]
  • Concentrates, [340]-[342]; [348]-[349]
  • Cornish treatment, [282]
  • Refining, [418]-[419]
  • Smelting, [411]-[420]
  • Stamp-milling, [312]-[317]
  • Streaming, [316]-[318]
  • Washing, [298]; [302]; [304]
• Tincar or Tincal (see [Borax]).
• Tithe Gatherer, [81]; [95]; [98]; [78]
• Tithe on Metals, [81]; [82]
• Toden Kopff, [235]
• Tofstein (see [Tophus]).
• Tolfa, La (see [La Tolfa]).
• Tools, [149]-[153]
• Topfstein (see [Tophus]).
• Tophus, [233]; [114]; [222]
  • As a flux, [233]; [237]; [390]
• Tortures.
  • With metals, [11]
  • Without metals, [17]
• Touch-needles, [253]-[260]; [253]
• Touchstone, [252]-[253]; [252]; [354]; [458]; [222]
  • Mineral, [114]
  • Uses, [243]; [248]; [447]
• Trade-routes.
  • Salt-deposits influence on, [546]
• Transport of Ore, [168]-[169]
• Trent, Bishop of.
  • Charter (1185), [84]
• Triangles in Surveying, [129]-[137]
• Tripoli, [115]
• Trochitis, [115]; [115]
• Trolley, [480]; [500]; [514]
• Troy.
  • Lead found in, [391]
• Troy Weights, [616]; [617]; [242]
• Trucks, [156]
• Tunnels, [102]; [101]
  • Law, [88]-[93]
  • Surveys of, [130]-[141]
  • Timbering, [124]
• Turin Papyrus, [129]; [399]
• Turn (winze), [101]
• Tuteneque, [409]
• Tuttanego, [409]
• Tutty, [394]
• Twitches of the Vein, [101]
• Twyer, [376]
• Tye, [267]
• Type.
  • Stibium used for, [2]; [429]
• Tyrants.
  • Inimical to miners, [32]
• Tyrolese.
  • Smelting, [388]; [404]

• Ulcers, [214]; [31]
• Uncia (length), [78]; [616]; [78]
• Uncia (weight), [616]; [242]
• Undercurrents (see [Sluices]).
• United States.
  • Apex law, [82]

• Vectiarii (see [Windlass Men]).
• Veins, [43]; [64]-[69]; [106]-[107]; [47]
  • Barren, [72]; [107]
  • Direction of, [54]-[58]
  • Drusy, [72]; [73]; [107]
  • Hardness variable, [117]
  • Indications, [35]-[38]
  • Intersections of, [65]; [66]; [67]; [106]; [107]
• Vena.
  • Use of term, [43]; [47]
• Vena cumulata, [46]; [49]; [70]; [43]; [47]
  • Mining method, [128]
  • Mining rights, [87]
• Vena dilatata, [41]; [45]; [53]; [60]-[61]; [43]; [47]
  • Junctions with vena profunda, [67]; [68]
  • Mining method, [126]-[127]
  • Mining rights, [83]-[86]
  • Washing lead ore from, [347]
• Vena profunda, [44]; [51]; [60]; [62]; [63]; [68]; [69]; [43]; [47]
  • Cross veins, [65]
  • Functions, [65]; [66]; [67]; [68]
  • Mining rights, [79]-[83]
• Venetian Glass, [222]
  • Factories, [592]
  • In assaying, [238]; [245]; [246]
  • In cupellation, [474]
• Venice.
  • Glass-factories, [592]
  • Parting with nitric acid, [461]
  • Scale of weights, [263]
• Ventilation, [200]-[212]; [121]
  • With bellows, [207]-[210]
  • With fans, [203]-[207]
  • With linen cloths, [210]
  • With windsails, [200]-[203]
• Verdigris, [440]; [1]; [110]; [222]
  • In cementation, [454]; [457]
  • Indication of ore, [116]
  • In making nitric acid, [440]
  • In parting gold from copper, [464]
• Vermilion.
  • Adulteration with red-lead, [232]
  • Poisonous, [215]
• Villacense Lead, [239]; [239]
• Vinegar.
  • Use in breaking rocks, [119]; [118]
  • Use in cleansing quicksilver, [426]
  • Use in roasting matte, [349]
  • Use in softening ore, [231]
• Virgula divina (see [Divining Rod]).
• Vitriol, [571]; [572]; [403]; [222]; [1]
  • In assaying, [237]-[238]
  • In cementation, [454]; [454]
  • Indication of copper, [116]
  • In making nitric acid, [439]-[440]
  • In roasted ores, [350]
  • In sal artificiosus, [463]
  • Native, [111]
  • Native blue, [109]
  • Native white, [113]
  • Red, [274]
  • White, [454]
• Volcanic Eruptions, [595]

• Washers, [78]
• Washing Ore (see also [Concentration], [Screening Ore], etc.), [300]-[310]
• Water-Bags, [157]-[159]; [198]
• Water-Buckets, [157]-[158]
• Water-Wheels, [187]; [283]; [286]; [319]
• Water-Tank, under Blast Furnaces, [356]-[357]
• Wealth, [7]-[20]
• Wedges, [150]
• Weights, [260]-[264]; [616]-[617]; [242]; [253]
• Weisser Kis, [111]
• Werckschuh, [617]; [78]
• Westphalia.
  • Smelting lead ore, [391]
  • Spalling ore, [272]
• Wheelbarrows, [154]
• Whims, [164]-[167]
• White-Lead, [440]; [354]; [110]; [232]
• White Schist, [234]; [390]; [234]; [222]
• Winding Appliances (see [Hauling Appliances]).
• Windlasses, [160]; [171]; [149]
• Windlass Men, [160]; [78]
• Winds.
  • Greek and Roman names, [58]
  • Sailors' names, [59]; [60]
• Winds (winze), [101]
• Windsails, [200]-[203]
• Winzes, [102]
• Wittenberg, Capitulation of, [IX].
• Wizards.
  • Divining rods, [40]
• Workmen, [98]; [100]
• Woughs, [101]

• Zaffre, [112]
• Zeitz, [XI].
• Zinc (see also [Cadmia] and [Cobalt]).
  • Historical notes, [408]-[410]; [354]
  • Minerals, [112]-[113]
• Zinck (see [Zinc]).
• Zinc Oxides, [113]; [354]
• Zinc Sulphate (see [Vitriol]).
• Zincum (see [Zinc]).
• Zoll, [617]; [78]
• Zwickau, [VI].
• Zwitter, [110]

---

INDEX TO PERSONS AND AUTHORITIES.

Note.—The numbers in heavy type refer to the Text; those in plain type to the Footnotes, Appendices, etc.

• Acosta, Joseph De, [298]
• Aeschylus.
  • Amber, [35]
• Aesculapius.
  • Love of gold, [9]
• Africanus (alchemist), [XXVII]; [XXVIII]
• Agatharchides.
  • Cupellation, [465]
  • Egyptian gold mining, [279]; [391]; [399]
  • Fire-setting, [118]
• Agathocles.
  • Money, [21]
• Agathodaemon (alchemist), [XXVII]; [XXVIII]
• Agricola, Daniel, [606]
• Agricola, Georg (a preacher at Freiberg), [606]
• Agricola, Georgius.
  • Assaying, [220]
  • Biography, [V]-[XVI]
  • Founder of Science, [XIV]
  • Geologist, [XII]; [46]; [53]
  • Interest in Gottsgaab mine, [VII]; [74]
  • Mineralogist, [XII]; [108]; [594]
  • Paracelsus compared with, [XIV]
  • Real name, [V]
  • Works, [Appendix A]
    • See also:
      • [Bermannus.]
      • [De Animantibus.]
      • [De Natura eorum, etc.]
      • [De Natura Fossilium.]
      • [De Ortu et Causis.]
      • [De Peste.]
      • [De Precio Metallorum.]
      • [De Re Metallica.]
      • [De Veteribus Metallis.]
      • Etc.
• Agricola, Rudolph, [606]
• Albert the Brave, Duke of Meissen, [VIII]
• Albertus Magnus (Albert von Bollstadt), [XXX]; [609]
  • Alluvial gold, [76]
  • Cementation, [460]
  • Metallic arsenic, [111]
  • Metals, [44]
  • Saltpetre, [562]
  • Zinc, [409]
• Albinus, Petrus, [V]; [599]
  • Cuntz von Glück, [24]
• Alpinus, Prosper, [559]
• Alyattes, King of Lydia.
  • Mines owned by, [26]; [27]
• American Institute of Mining Engineers, [38]; [53]
• Anacharsis.
  • Invention of bellows, [362]
• Anacreon of Teos.
  • Money despised by, [9]; [15]
• Anaxagoras.
  • Money despised by, [15]
• Anna, Daughter of Agricola, [VII]
• Anna, Wife of Agricola, [VII]
• Antiphanes.
  • On wealth, [19]
• Apollodorus, [26]
• Apulejus (alchemist), [XXVII]; [XXIX]
• Archimedes.
  • King Hiero's crown, [247]
  • Machines, [149]
• Ardaillon, Edouard.
  • Mt. Laurion, [28]; [281]; [391]
• Aristippus.
  • Gold, [9]; [14]
• Aristodemus.
  • Money, [8]
• Aristotle, [XII]; [607]
  • Amber, [35]
  • Athenian mines, [27]; [83]
  • Burning springs, [583]
  • Coal, [34]
  • Cupellation, [465]
  • Distillation, [441]
  • Lodestone, [115]
  • Nitrum, [558]
  • Ores of brass, [410]
  • Quicksilver, [432]
  • Silver from forest fires, [36]
  • Theory of ore deposits, [44]
  • Wealth of, [15]
• Arnold de Villa Nova. (see [Villa Nova, Arnold de]).
• Athenaeus.
  • Silver from forest fires, [36]
• Augurellus, Johannes Aurelius (alchemist), [XXVII]; [XXX]
• Augustinus Pantheus (alchemist), [XXVII]
• Augustus, Elector of Saxony, [IX]
  • Dedication of De Re Metallica, [XXV]
  • Letter to Agricola, [XV]
• Avicenna, [XXX]; [608]

• Bacon, Roger, [XXX]; [609]
  • Saltpetre, [460]; [562]
• Badoarius, Franciscus, [XXVII]
• Balboa, V. N. de, [V]
• Ballon, Peter, [559]
• Barba, Alonso, [300]; [1]
• Barbarus, Hermolaus, [XXVII]
• Barrett, W. F., [38]
• Becher, J. J., [53]
• Bechius, Philip, [XV]
• Beckmann, Johann.
  • Alumen, [565]
  • Amalgamation, [297]
  • Nitrum, [559]
  • Parting with nitric acid, [461]
  • Stamp-mills, [281]
  • Stannum, [473]
  • Tin, [412]
• Bergbüchlein (see [Nützlich Bergbüchlin]).
• Bergwerks lexicon, [37]; [80]; [81]
• Berman, Lorenz, [VI]; [597]
• Bermannus, [596]; [599]; [VI]
  • Arsenical minerals, [111]
  • Bismuth, [3]; [433]
  • Cadmia, [113]
  • Cobalt, [112]
  • Fluorspar, [381]
  • Molybdaena, [477]
  • Schist, [234]
  • Shafts, [102]
  • Zinc, [409]
• Berthelot, M. P. E., [429]; [609]
• Berthier, [492]
• Bias of Priene.
  • Wealth, [8]; [14]
• Biringuccio, Vannuccio, [614]
  • Agricola indebted to, [XXVII]
  • Amalgamation of silver ores, [297]
  • Assaying, [220]
  • Assay ton, [242]
  • Brass making, [410]
  • Clarifying nitric acid, [443]
  • Copper refining, [536]
  • Copper smelting, [405]
  • Cupellation, [466]
  • Liquation, [494]
  • Manganese, [586]
  • Parting precious metals, [451]; [461]; [462]
  • Roasting, [267]
  • Steel making, [420]
  • Zaffre, [112]
• Boeckh, August, [28]
• Boerhaave, Hermann, [XXIX]
• Borlase, W. C.
  • Bronze celts, [411]
• Borlase, William.
  • Cornish miners in Germany, [283]
• Born, Ignaz Edler von, [300]
• Boussingault, J. B., [454]
• Boyle, Robert.
  • Divining rod, [38]
• Brough, Bennett, [129]
• Bruce, J. C., [392]
• Brunswick, Duke Henry of (see [Henry, Duke of Brunswick]).
• Budaeus, William (Guillaume Bude), [461]; [606]

• Cadmus, [27]
• Calbus (see also [Nützlich Bergbüchlin]), [610]; [XXVI]; [XXVII]
  • Alluvial gold, [75]
• Caligula.
  • Gold from auripigmentum, [111]
• Callides (alchemist), [XXVII]; [XXVIII]
• Callimachus.
  • On wealth, [19]
• Camerarius, [VIII]
• Canides (alchemist), [XXVII]; [XXVIII]
• Carew, Richard.
  • Cornish mining law, [85]
  • Cornish ore-dressing, [282]
• Carlyle, W. A.
  • Ancient Rio Tinto smelting, [405]
• Carne, Joseph.
  • Cornish cardinal points, [57]
• Casibrotius, Leonardus, [VI]
• Castigationes in Hippocratem et Galenum, [605]
• Castro, John de, [570]
• Chabas, F. J., [129]
• Chaloner, Thomas, [570]
• Chanes (alchemist), [XXVII]; [XXVIII]
• Charles V. of Spain, [IX]
  • Agricola sent on mission to, [X]
• Chevreul, M. E., [38]
• Chronik der Stadt Freiberg, [606]
• Cicero.
  • Divining rod, [38]
  • Wealth of, [15]
• Cincinnatus L. Quintius, [23]
• Circe.
  • Magic rod, [40]
• Cleopatra.
  • As an alchemist, [XXVII]; [XXIX]
• Collins, A. L. [119]
• Columbus, Christopher, [V]
• Columella, Moderatus, [XXV]; [XXVI]
• Comerius, [XXVII]; [XXIX]
• Commentariorum ... Libri VI., [604]
• Conrad (Graf Cuntz von Glück), [23]; [24]
• Corduba, Don Juan De, [300]
• Cortes, Hernando, [V]
• Cramer, John, [236]
• Crassus, Marcus.
  • Love of gold, [9]
• Crates, the Theban.
  • Money despised by, [15]
• Croesus, King of Lydia.
  • Mines owned by, [26]; [27]
• Ctesias.
  • Divining rod, [38]
• Ctesibius.
  • Machines, [149]
• Curio, Claudius.
  • Love of gold, [9]
• Curius, Marcus.
  • Gold of Samnites, [9]; [15]

• Dana, J. D., [108]
  • Alum, [566]
  • Copiapite, [574]
  • Emery, [115]
  • Lemnian earth, [31]
  • Minerals of Agricola, [594]
  • Zinc vitriol, [572]
• Danae.
  • Jove and, [10]
• D'Arcet, J.
  • Parting with sulphuric acid, [462]
• Day, St. John V.
  • Ancient steel making, [423]
• De Animantibus Subterraneis, [597]; [VII]
  • Editions, [600]
  • Gnomes, [217]; [217]
• De Bello adversus Turcam, [605]
• De Inventione Dialectica, [606]
• De Jure et Legibus Metallicis, [100]; [604]
• De Medicatis Fontibus, [605]
• De Mensuris et Ponderibus, [597]
  • Editions, [599]
  • Weights and measures, [263]; [78]
• De Metallis et Machinis, [604]
• Democritus (alchemist), [XXVII]; [XXVIII]
• Demosthenes.
  • Mt. Laurion mines, [27]; [83]
• De Natura eorum quae Effluunt ex Terra, [598]; [32]
  • Dedication, [VII]
  • Editions, [600]
• De Natura Fossilium, [594]; [600]; [III]; [XII]
  • Alum, [565]
  • Amber, [35]
  • Antimony, [429]
  • Argol, [234]
  • Arsenical minerals, [111]
  • Asbestos, [440]
  • Bismuth, [110]
  • Bitumen, [581]
  • Borax, [560]
  • Brass making, [410]
  • Cadmia, [113]
  • Caldarium copper, [511]
  • Camphor, [238]
  • Chrysocolla, [584]
  • Coal, [35]
  • Cobalt, [112]
  • Copper flowers, [539]; [233]
  • Copper scales, [233]
  • Crinoid stems, [115]
  • Emery, [115]
  • Fluorspar, [380]
  • Goslar ores, [273]
  • Goslar smelting, [408]
  • Iron ores, [111]
  • Iron smelting, [420]
  • Jet, [34]
  • Lapis judaicus, [115]
  • Lead minerals, [110]
  • Mannsfeld ores, [273]
  • Melanteria, [573]
  • Mineral Kingdom, [1]
  • Misy, [573]
  • Molybdaena, [476]
  • Native metals, [108]
  • Petroleum, [581]
  • Pompholyx, [114]; [278]
  • Pyrites, [112]
  • Quicksilver, [110]
  • Rudis minerals, [108]
  • Sal-ammoniac, [560]
  • Silver glance, [109]
  • Sory, [573]
  • Spodos, [114]
  • Stannum, [473]
  • Stones which easily melt, [380]
  • Sulphur, [578]
  • Tophus, [233]
  • Touchstone, [253]
  • White schist, [234]
  • Zinc, [409]
• De Ortu et Causis Subterraneorum, [594]; [600]; [III]; [VII]; [XII]; [XIII]
  • Earths, [48]
  • Gangue minerals, [48]
  • Gold in alluvial, [76]
  • Ground waters, [48]
  • Juices, [52]
  • Metals, [51]
  • Solidified juices, [49]
  • Stones, [49]
  • Touchstone, [253]
  • Veins, [47]
• De Ortu Metallorum Defensio ad J. Scheckium, [604]
• De Peste, [605]; [VIII]
• De Precio Metallorum et Monetis, [597]; [600]
  • Mention by Agricola, [252]; [263]
• De Putredine solidas partes, etc., [605]
• De Re Metallica, [I]; [XIII]; [XIV]-[XVI]
  • Editions, [600]; [XIV]
  • Title page, [XIX]
• De Soto, Fernandes, [V]
• De Terrae Motu, [604]
• De Varia temperie sive Constitutione Aeris, [604]
• De Veteribus et Novis Metallis, [597]; [600]; [VII]; [XXVI]; [5]
  • Agricola's training, [VI]
  • Conrad, [24]
  • Discovery of mines, [36]; [5]; [37]
  • Gottsgaab mine, [74]
• Devoz (de Voz), Cornelius, [570]; [283]
• Diodorus Siculus, [607]
  • Alum, [566]
  • Bitumen, [582]
  • Cupellation, [465]
  • Drainage of Spanish mines, [149]
  • Egyptian gold mining, [279]
  • Fire-setting, [118]
  • Lead, [391]
  • Silver from forest fires, [36]
  • Tin, [412]
• Diogenes Laertius, [7]; [9]; [10]
• Dioscorides, [607]; [608]
  • Alum, [566]
  • Antimony, [428]
  • Argol, [234]
  • Arsenic minerals, [111]
  • Asbestos, [440]
  • Bitumen, [584]
  • Brass making, [410]
  • Burned lead, [237]
  • Cadmia, [112]
  • Chalcitis, [573]
  • Copper flowers, [233]; [538]
  • Copper smelting, [403]
  • Cupellation, [465]
  • Distillation apparatus, [355]
  • Dust-chambers, [355]; [394]
  • Emery, [115]
  • Lead, [392]
  • Lead minerals, [477]
  • Lemnian earth, [31]
  • Litharge, [465]
  • Lodestone, [115]
  • Melanteria, [573]
  • Misy, [573]
  • Naphtha, [584]
  • Pompholyx, [394]; [410]
  • Quicksilver, [297]; [432]
  • Red-lead, [232]
  • Sal-ammoniac, [560]
  • Sory, [573]
  • Spodos, [394]
  • Verdigris, [440]
  • Vitriol, [572]
  • White-lead, [440]
• Diphilos, [27]; [83]
• Diphilus (poet).
  • Gold, [10]
• Dominatores Saxonici, [606]
• Draud, G., [599]
• Dudae.
  • Alum trade, [569]

• Elizabeth, Queen of England.
  • Charters to alum makers, [283]; [570]
  • Dedication of Italian De Re Metallica to, [XV]
  • Importation of German miners, [283]; [570]
• Eloy, N. F. J., [599]
• Entzelt (Enzelius, Encelio), [615]
• Erasmus, [VI]; [VIII]; [XIV]
• Ercker, Lazarus.
  • Amalgamation, [300]
  • Liquation, [491]; [505]
  • Nitric acid preparation, [443]
  • Parting gold and silver, [444]; [451]
• Eriphyle.
  • Love of gold, [9]
• Ernest, Elector of Saxony, [VIII]
• Euripides.
  • Amber mentioned by, [35]
  • Plutus, [8]; [7]
• Ezekiel, Prophet.
  • Antimony, [428]
  • Cupellation, [465]
  • Tin, [412]

• Fabricius, George.
  • Agricola's death, [X]
  • Friendship with Agricola, [VIII]
  • Laudatory poem on Agricola, [XXI]
  • Letters, [IX]; [X]; [XIV]; [XV]
  • Posthumous editor of Agricola, [603]; [606]
• Fairclough, H. R., [III]
• Farinator, Mathias, [XXVI]
• Ferdinand, King of Austria.
  • Agricola sent on mission to, [X]
  • Badoarius sent on mission to, [XXVII]
• Ferguson, John.
  • Editions of De Re Metallica, [XVI]; [599]
• Feyrabendt, Sigmundi, [XV]
• Figuier, L., [38]
• Flach, Jacques.
  • Aljustrel tablet, [83]
• Florio, Michelangelo, [XV]
• Förster, Johannes, [VI]
• Francis, Col. Grant, [267]; [283]
• Francis I., King of France, [IX]
• Frederick, Elector of Saxony, [VIII]; [IX]
• Froben, Publisher of De Re Metallica, [XIV]; [XV]
• Frontinus, Sextus Julius, [87]

• Galen.
  • Agricola's revision of, [605]; [VI]
  • Lemnian earth, [31]
  • Mention by Agricola, [2]
• Galerazeya sive Revelator Secretorum, etc., [606]
• Gama, Vasco da, [V]
• Ganse (Gaunse), Joachim, [267]; [283]
• Gatterer, C. W., [599]
• Geber, [XXVII]; [XXX]; [609]
  • Alum, [569]
  • Assaying, [219]
  • Cementation, [459]
  • Cupels, [466]
  • Nitric acid, [460]
  • Origin of metals, [44]
  • Precipitation of silver nitrate, [443]
• Genesis, Book of, [XII]; [43]
• George, Duke of Saxony, [IX]; [310]; [310]
• Gesner, Conrad, [52]
• Gibbon, Edward, [119]
• Glauber, J. R., [410]
• Glück, Cuntz von (see [Conrad]).
• Gmelin, J. F., [84]
• Göcher, C. G., [599]
• Godolphin, Sir Francis, [282]
• Gowland, William.
  • Ancient bronze, [410]; [411]; [421]
  • Early smelting, [402]
• Graecus, Marcus.
  • Saltpetre, [562]
• Grommestetter, Paul, [281]
• Grymaldo, Leodigaris, [XVI]
• Gyges, King of Lydia.
  • Mines owned by, [26]; [27]

• Hannibal.
  • Alps broken by vinegar, [119]
  • Spanish mines, [42]; [42]
• Hardy, William, [85]
• Heath, Thomas.
  • On Hero, [129]
• Heliodorus (alchemist), [XXVII]; [XXIX]
• Henckel, J. F., [53]; [112]; [410]
• Hendrie, R., [609]
• Hennebert, E., [119]
• Henry, Duke of Brunswick, [VII]
• Henry, Duke of Meissen, [IX]
• Hermes (alchemist), [XXVI]; [XXVIII]
• Hermes (Mercury).
  • Magic rod, [40]
• Hero.
  • Underground surveying, [129]
• Herodotus.
  • Alum, [566]
  • Bitumen, [582]
  • Lead, [391]
  • Mines of Thrace, [23]
  • Nitrum, [558]
• Hertel, Valentine, [XIV]
• Hiero, King of Syracuse.
  • Crown, [247]
• Hill, John, [607]
  • Auripigmentum, [111]
• Himilce, wife of Hannibal, [42]
• Hippocrates.
  • Cupellation, [391]; [465]
  • Lodestone, [115]
• Hiram, King of Tyre.
  • Mines, [214]
• Hofmann, Dr. R.
  • Biography of Agricola, [V]; [XI]; [599]; [603]
• Homer.
  • Amber, [35]
  • Divining rod, [40]; [40]
  • Lead, [391]
  • Smelting, [402]
  • Steel, [421]
  • Sulphur, [579]
  • Tin, [412]
• Hommel, W.
  • Early zinc smelting, [409]
• Horace.
  • Metals, [11]
  • Wealth, [15]; [17]
• Hordeborch, Johannes, [VII]
• Houghstetter, Daniel, [283]
• Houghton, Thomas, [85]
• Humphrey, William.
  • Jigging sieve, [283]
• Hunt, Robert.
  • Roman lead smelting, [392]

• Inama-Sternegg, K. T. von, [84]
• Interpretatio Rerum Metallicarum (see [Rerum Metall. Interpretatio]).
• Irene, Daughter of Agricola, [VII]

• Jacobi, G. H.
  • Biography of Agricola, [V]; [599]
  • Calbus, [XXVII]; [610]
• Jagnaux, Raoul.
  • Ancient zinc, [409]
• Jason.
  • Golden fleece, [330]
• Jeremiah.
  • Bellows, [362]
  • Cupellation, [465]
  • Lead smelting, [391]
  • Nitrum, [558]
• Jezebel.
  • Use of antimony, [428]
• Job.
  • Refining silver, [465]
• Johannes (alchemist), [XXVII]; [XXVIII]
• John, Elector of Saxony, [IX]
• John, King of England.
  • Mining claims, [85]
• John Frederick, Elector of Saxony, [IX]
• Josephus.
  • Dead Sea bitumen, [33]
• Jove.
  • Danae legend, [10]
• Justin, [36]
• Juvenal.
  • Money, [10]

• Karsten, K. J. B.
  • Liquation, [491]; [492]; [505]; [509]; [523]; [535]
• Kerl, Bruno.
  • Liquation, [505]
• König, Emanuel, [XV]
• König, Ludwig, [XV]
• Kopp, Dr. Hermann, [609]; [441]

• Lampadius, G. A., [462]
• Lasthenes.
  • Love of gold, [9]
• Latin Grammar (Agricola), [605]
• Leonardi, Camilli, [615]
• Leupold, Jacob, [XV]; [599]
• Leviticus.
  • Leprosy of walls, [562]
• Lewis, G. R, [84]
• Lewis, [454]
• Libavis, Andrew, [410]
• Lieblein, J. D. C., [129]
• Linnaeus, Charles, [559]
• Livy.
  • Hannibal's march over the Alps, [119]
• Lohneys, G. E.
  • Liquation, [491]; [505]
  • Parting with antimony, [451]
  • Zinc, [409]; [410]
• Lucretia, daughter of Agricola, [VII]
• Lucretius.
  • Forest fires melting veins, [36]
• Lully, Raymond, [XXVII]; [XXX]
• Luscinus, Fabricius.
  • Gold, [9]; [15]
• Luther, Martin, [V]; [VI]; [VIII]; [IX]
• Lycurgus (Athenian orator).
  • Prosecution of Diphilos, [27]; [83]
• Lycurgus (Spartan legislator).
  • Wealth prohibited by, [9]; [15]

• Magellan, F. de, [V]
• Maltitz, Sigismund, [312]
• Manlove, Edward, [70]; [85]
• Marbodaeus, [615]
• Marcellinus, Ammianus.
  • On Thucydides, [23]
• Marcellus, Nonius, [XXXI]
• Maria the Jewess, [XXVII]; [XXVIII]
• Mathesius, Johann.
  • Cobalt, [214]
  • Conrad mentioned by, [24]
  • De Re Metallica, [XIV]
  • King Hiram's mines, [214]
• Matthew Paris.
  • Cornish miners in Germany, [283]
• Maurice, Elector of Saxony, [XXV]; [VIII]; [IX]; [X]
• Mawe, J., [70]
• Maximilian, Emperor, [23]; [24]
• Meissen, Dukes of (see under personal names: [Albert], [Henry], etc.).
• Melanchthon.
  • Relations with Agricola, [VIII]; [X]
• Menander.
  • Riches, [8]
• Mercklinus, G. A., [599]
• Mercury (see [Hermes]).
• Merlin (magician), [XXVII]; [XXX]
• Meurer, Wolfgang.
  • Letters, [IX]; [X]
• Meyer, Ernst von, [248]; [569]
• Meyner, Matthias, [VII]
• Midas, King of Lydia.
  • Mines owned by, [26]; [27]
• Miller, F. B., [462]
• Minerva.
  • Magic rod, [40]
• Morris, W. O'C., [119]
• Mosellanus, Petrus, [VI]
• Moses.
  • Bitumen, [582]
  • Lead, [391]
  • Refining gold, [399]
  • Rod of Horeb, [38]; [40]
• Müller, Max.
  • Ancient iron, [421]

• Naevius.
  • Money, [20]
• Nash, W. G.
  • Rio Tinto mine, [149]
• Naumachius.
  • Gold and silver, [8]
• Neckam, Alexander.
  • Compass, [57]
• Newcomen, Thomas, [149]
• Nicander.
  • On coal, [34]
• Nicias.
  • Sosias and slaves of, [25]; [25]
• Nützlich Bergbüchlin, [610]; [XXVI]; [XXVII]
  • Alluvial gold, [75]
  • Bismuth, [110]; [433]
  • Compass, [57]; [129]
  • Ore-deposits, [44]
  • Ore-shoots, [43]
  • Veins, [43]; [46]; [73]

• Olympiodorus (alchemist), [XXVII]; [XXX]
• Oppel, van (see [Van Oppel]).
• Orus Chrysorichites (alchemist), [XXVII]; [XXVIII]
• Osthanes (alchemist), [XXVII]; [XXIX]
• Otho the Great, [6]
• Otho, Prince, [6]
• Ovid.
  • Mining censured by, [7]

• Pandulfus Anglus, [XXVI]
• Pantaenetus.
  • Demosthenes' oration against, [27]; [83]
• Pantheus, Augustinus (alchemist), [XXVII]
• Paracelsus, [XIV]; [XXX]
  • Divining rod, [38]
  • Zinc, [112]; [409]
• Paris, Matthew (see [Matthew Paris]).
• Pebichius (alchemist), [XXVII]; [XXVIII]
• Pelagius (alchemist), [XXVII]
• Pennent, Thomas, [570]
• Percy, John.
  • Cementation, [454]; [459]
  • Cupellation, [465]
  • Liquation, [491]
  • Parting with antimony, [451]; [452]
• Peregrinus, Petrus.
  • Compass, [57]
• Petasius (alchemist), [XXVII]; [XXVIII]
• Petrie, W. M. F.
  • Egyptian iron, [421]
  • Mt. Sinai copper, [402]
• Pettus, Sir John, [XVI]; [283]
• Phaenippus.
  • Demosthenes' oration against, [27]; [83]
• Phaeton's sisters, [35]
• Pherecrates, [XXVI]
• Philemon.
  • Riches, [7]
• Philip of Macedonia, [27]
• Philip, Peter, [282]
• Phillips, J. A., [410]
• Philo.
  • Lost work on mining, [XXVI]
• Phocion.
  • Bribe of Alexander, [9]; [15]
• Phocylides.
  • Gold, [7]
• Photius, [279]
  • Fire-setting, [118]
• Pindar.
  • Wealth, [19]; [252]
• Pius II, Pope.
  • Alum maker, [570]
• Pizarro, F., [V]
• Plateanus, Petrus, [XIV]
• Plautus.
  • Gold, [10]
• Pliny (Caius Plinius Secundus), [XXVI]; [608]
  • Alluvial mining, [331]; [333]
  • Alum, [566]
  • Amalgamation, [297]
  • Amber, [35]
  • Antimony, [428]
  • Argol, [234]
  • Arrhenicum, [111]
  • Asbestos, [440]
  • Bitumen, [33]; [583]
  • Brass, [410]
  • British miners, [83]
  • Cadmia, [112]
  • Cementation, [459]
  • Chrysocolla, [560]
  • Copper flowers and scales, [233]; [538]
  • Copper smelting, [404]
  • Cupellation, [466]
  • Drainage of Spanish mines, [149]
  • Electrum, [458]
  • Fire-setting, [118]
  • Galena, [476]
  • Glass, [585]; [586]
  • Hannibal's silver mine, [42]; [42]
  • Hoisting ore, [157]; [157]
  • Iron, [11]
  • Jew-stone, [115]
  • Lead, [392]
  • Lemnian earth, [31]
  • Litharge, [475]; [466]; [501]
  • Lodestone, [115]
  • Manganese (?), [586]
  • Metallurgical appliances, [355]
  • Misy, [573]
  • Molybdaena, [466]; [476]
  • Naphtha, [583]
  • Nitrum, [560]
  • Ore-dressing, [281]
  • Outcrops, [65]
  • Pompholyx, [396]
  • Protection from poison, [215]
  • Quicksilver, [433]
  • Red-lead, [232]
  • Roasting, [267]
  • Sal-ammoniac, [560]
  • Salt from wood, [558]
  • Silver-lead smelting, [392]
  • Sory, [573]
  • Spodos, [396]
  • Stannum, [473]
  • Tin, Spanish, [412]
  • Tophus, [233]
  • Touchstone, [256]; [253]
  • Turfs in sluices, [331]; [332]
  • Vena, [43]
  • Ventilation with wet cloths, [210]; [210]
  • Verdigris, [440]
  • Vitriol, [572]
  • White-lead, [440]
• Plutarch, [25]
• Pluto, [216]
• Polybius.
  • Ore washing, [281]
  • Silver-lead smelting, [392]; [465]
• Polymnestor, King of Thrace.
  • Love of gold, [9]; [16]
• Pörtner, Hans, [281]
• Posepny, Franz, [53]
• Posidonius.
  • Asphalt and naphtha, [584]
  • Drainage of Spanish mines, [149]
  • Silver from forest fires, [36]
• Priam, King of Troy.
  • Gold mines of, [26]; [27]
• Probierbüchlein, [612]; [XXVI]
  • Amalgamation, [297]
  • Antimony, [420]
  • Assaying, [220]
  • Assay ton, [242]
  • Bismuth, [433]
  • Cementation, [454]
  • Nitric acid, [439]
  • Parting, [461]; [462]; [463]
  • Precipitation of silver nitrate, [443]
  • Residues from distillation of nitric acid, [235]; [443]
  • Roasting, [267]
  • Stock fluxes, [235]; [236]
  • Touchstone, [253]
• Propertius.
  • Gold, [10]
• Pryce, William.
  • Adam's fall, [353]
  • Divining rod, [38]
  • Juices, [1]
  • Ore-deposits, [53]
  • Stamp-mill, [282]
  • Stringers, [70]
• Psalms.
  • Silver refining, [465]
• Pulsifer, Wm. H., [391]
• Pygmalion.
  • Love of gold, [9]; [16]

• Rachaidibus (alchemist), [XXVII]
• Rameses I.
  • Map of mines, [129]
• Rameses III.
  • Leaden objects dating from, [391]
• Raspe, R. E., [300]
• Rawlinson, George, [583]
• Ray, P. Chandra.
  • Indian zinc, [409]
• Raymond, Rossiter W., [38]
• Rechter Gebrauch der Alchimey, [606]
• Rerum Metallicarum Interpretatio, [597]; [VII]; [600]
• Reuss, F. A., [599]
• Richter, A. D., [V]; [599]
• Rodianus (alchemist), [XXVII]; [XXVIII]
• Rössler, B., [53]
• Royal Geological Society of Cornwall, [84]
• Rühlein von Kalbe (see [Calbus]).

• Salmoneus.
  • Lightning, [11]
• Sandwich, Earl of, trans. Barba's book, [300]
• Sappho.
  • Wealth, [19]
• Savery, Thomas, [149]
• Saxony, Dukes and Electors of.
  • (See under personal names: [Albert], [Ernest], etc.).
• Schliemann, H., [391]
• Schlüter, C. A.
  • Artificial zinc vitriol, [572]
  • Copper refining, [535]
  • Cupellation, [464]
  • Liquation, [491]; [505]
  • Parting with sulphur, [462]
• Schmid, F. A., [V]; [XV]; [599]
• Schnabel and Lewis, [465]
• Scott, Sir Walter.
  • "Antiquary," [300]
• Seneca.
  • Wealth of, [15]
• Seneferu.
  • Copper mines, [402]
• Seti I.
  • Map of mine, [129]
• Shaw, Peter, [XXVIII]
• Shoo King.
  • Copper and lead, [391]; [402]
  • Iron, [421]
• Shutz, Christopher, [283]
• Sigfrido, Joanne.
  • Ed. Agricola's works, [XV]
• Socrates.
  • Riches, [7]; [9]; [14]; [18]
• Solinus, C. Julius.
  • Solifuga, [216]; [216]
• Solomon, King.
  • Cobalt in mines, [214]
• Solon.
  • Scarcity of silver under, [27]
• Sosias, the Thracian.
  • Slaves employed by, [25]
• Stahl, G. E., [53]
• Staunton, Sir George, [409]
• Stephanus (alchemist), [XXVII]; [XXX]
• Stephenson, George, [149]
• Strabo, [607]
  • Arsenical minerals, [111]
  • Asbestos, [440]
  • Asphalt, [584]; [33]
  • Bellows, [362]
  • Cementation, [458]
  • Cupellation, [465]
  • Drainage of Spanish mines, [149]
  • Forest fires melting veins, [36]
  • High stacks, [355]
  • Lydian mines, [26]; [27]
  • Mt. Laurion, [27]
  • Silver-lead smelting, [391]
  • Spanish ore-washing, [281]
  • Zinc (?), [409]
• Strato.
  • Lost work on mines, [XXVI]; [XXVII]; [XII]
• Struve, B. G., [599]
• Synesius (alchemist), [XXVII]; [XXIX]

• Tantalus, [27]
• Taphnutia (alchemist), [XXVII]; [XXVIII]
• Tapping, Thomas, [85]
• Thales of Miletus.
  • Amber, [35]
• Themistocles.
  • Athenian mine royalties, [27]
• Theodor, son of Agricola, [VII]
• Theognis.
  • Cupellation, [465]
  • On greed, [18]
  • Plutus, [8]
  • Refining gold, [399]
• Theological Tracts (Agricola), [605]
• Theophilus (alchemist), [XXVII]; [XXVIII]
• Theophilus the Monk, [609]
  • Brass making, [410]
  • Calamine, [112]
  • Cementation, [459]
  • Copper refining, [536]
  • Copper smelting, [405]
  • Cupels, [466]
  • Divining rod, [38]
  • Liquation, [494]
  • Metallurgical appliances, [355]
  • Parting with sulphur, [461]
  • Roasting, [267]
• Theophrastus, [XII]; [607]
  • Amber, [35]
  • Arsenical minerals, [111]
  • Asbestos, [440]
  • Assaying, [219]
  • Coal, [34]
  • Copper minerals, [110]
  • Copper ore, [403]
  • Emery, [115]
  • Lodestone, [115]
  • Lost works, [XXVI]; [403]
  • Origin of minerals, [44]
  • Parting precious metals, [458]
  • Quicksilver, [297]; [432]
  • Touchstone, [252]
  • Verdigris, [440]
  • Vermilion, [232]
  • White-lead, [391]; [440]
• Thompson, Lewis, [462]
• Thoth.
  • Hermes Trismegistos, [XXIX]
• Thotmes III.
  • Lead, [391]; [582]
• Thucydides.
  • Mining prefect, [23]; [23]; [95]
• Tibullus.
  • Wealth condemned by, [16]
• Timocles.
  • Riches, [8]
• Timocreon of Rhodes.
  • Plutus, [7]
• Tournefort, Joseph P. De, [566]
• Tubal Cain.
  • Instructor in metallurgy, [353]
• Tursius, [24]
• Twain, Mark.
  • Merlin, [XXX]
• Typographia Mysnae et Toringiae, [605]

• Ulloa, Don Antonio De, [298]
• Ulysses.
  • Magic rod, [40]

• Valentine, Basil, [XXX]; [609]
  • Antimony, [429]
  • Divining rod, [38]
  • Parting with antimony, [461]
  • Zinc, [409]
• Valerius, son of Agricola, [VII]
• Van der Linden, J. A., [599]
• Van Oppel, [XIII]; [52]
• Varro, Marcus, [XXVI]
• Vasco da Gama (see [Gama, Vasco da]).
• Veiga, Estacia de, [83]
• Velasco, Dom Pedro De, [298]
• Veradianus (alchemist), [XXVII]; [XXVIII]
• Villa Nova, Arnold De (alchemist), [XXVII]; [XXX]
• Virgil.
  • Avarice condemned by, [16]
• Vitruvius, [608]
  • Amalgamation, [297]
  • Hiero's Crown, [248]
  • Pumps, [174]; [149]
  • Red-lead, [232]
  • Surveying, [129]
  • Verdigris, [440]
  • White-lead, [440]
• Vladislaus III., King of Poland, [24]
• Von Oppel (see [Van Oppel]).
• Voz, Cornelius de (see [Devoz, Cornelius]).

• Wallerius, J. G., [234]; [273]
• Watt, James, [149]
• Watt, Robert, [XXVII]
• Wefring, Basilius, [XIV]
• Weindle, Caspar, [119]
• Weinart, B. G., [599]
• Weller, J. G., [V]
• Werner, A. G., [XIII]; [53]
• Wilkinson, J. Gardner.
  • Bitumen, [582]
  • Egyptian bellows, [362]
  • Egyptian gold-washing, [279]
• Williams, John, [53]
• Winkler, K. A., [464]
• Wrotham, William de, [85]; [413]; [473]

• Xenophon.
  • Athenian mines, [28]; [83]; [27]; [29]
  • Fruitfulness of mines, [6]
  • Mining companies, [90]
  • Mine slaves, [25]; [28]
  • Quoted by Agricola, [26]; [28]

• Zimmerman, C. F., [53]
• Zosimus (alchemist), [XXVII]; [XXIX]

---

INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS.

• Alum Making, [571]
• Amalgamation Mill, [299]
• Ampulla, [442]; [446]
• Argonauts, [330]
• Assay Balances (see [Balances]).
• Assay Crucible, [229]
• Assay Furnaces.
  • Crucible, [227]
  • Muffle, [223]; [224]

• Balances, [265]
• Baling Water, [199]
• Bars, for Furnace Work, [377]; [389]
• Batea, [157]
• Bellows.
  • For blast furnaces, [359]; [365]; [368]; [370]; [372]
  • For mine ventilation, [208]; [209]; [211]
  • For tin furnace, [419]
• Bismuth Smelting, [434]; [435]; [436]; [437]
• Bitumen Making, [582]
• Bitumen Spring, [583]
• Bowls for Alluvial Washing (see also [Batea]), [336]
• Buckets.
  • For hoisting ore, [154]
  • For hoisting water, [158]
• Buddle, [301]; [302]; [314]; [315]
• Building Plan for Refinery, [493]
• Building Plan for Smelter, [361]

• Chain Pumps, [173]; [174]; [175]
• Chrysocolla Making, [585]
• Circular Fire (see [Ring-Fire]).
• Clay Washing, [374]; [375]
• Compass, [57]; [59]; [142]; [147]
• Copper Mould for Assaying, [250]
• Copper Refining, [534]; [537]
• Copper Refining Furnace, [532]
• Crane.
  • For cupellation furnace, [479]
  • For liquation cakes, [514]
• Crowbars, [152]
• Cupel, [229]
  • Mould, [231]
• Cupellation Furnace, [468]; [470]; [474]
  • At Freiberg, [481]
  • In Poland, [482]
• Cutting Metal, [269]

• Descent into Mines, [213]
• Dipping-pots, [385]; [387]; [389]; [393]; [415]; [417]
• Distillation (see [Nitric Acid] and [Quicksilver]).
• Divining Rod, [40]
• Dogs Packing Ore, [168]
• Drifts, [105]
• Drying Furnace for Liquation, [525]; [527]; [528]
• Dust Chambers, [395]; [417]

• Fans, Ventilation, [204]; [205]; [206]; [207]
• Fire-Buckets, [377]
• Fire Pump, [377]
• Fire-Setting, [120]
• Forehearth, [357]; [358]; [383]; [385]; [387]; [389]; [417]
• Frames (or Sluices) for Washing Ore or Alluvial, [322]-[324]; [326]-[329]; [331]-[333]
• Furnaces.
  • Assaying (see [Assay Furnaces]).
  • Blast, [357]; [358]; [373]; [377]; [383]; [385]; [387]; [389]; [395]; [419]; [424]; [508]
  • Copper refining, [537]
  • Cupellation, [468]; [470]; [474]; [481]; [482]
  • Distilling sulphur, [277]
  • Enriching copper bottoms, [510]
  • Glass-making, [587]; [588]; [589]; [591]
  • Iron smelting, [422]; [424]
  • Lead smelting (see also [Furnaces, blast]), [393]
  • Liquation, [517]; [519]; [525]; [527]; [528]
  • Nitric acid making, [442]
  • Nitric acid parting, [446]
  • Parting precious metals with antimony, [453]
  • Ditto cementation, [455]
  • Quicksilver distillation, [427]-[432]
  • Refining silver, [485]; [486]; [489]
  • Roasting, [276]
  • Steel making, [425]
  • Tin burning, [349]
  • Tin smelting, [415]

• Gad, [150]
• Glass Making, [591]
  • Furnaces, [587]; [588]; [589]
• Ground Sluicing, [337]; [340]; [343]; [346]; [347]

• Hammers, [151]
  • With water-power, [422]; [425]
• Heap Roasting, [275]; [278]
• Hearths.
  • For bismuth smelting, [436]; [437]
  • For heating copper cakes, [504]
  • For melting lead, [393]
  • For melting lead cakes, [499]
  • For refining tin, [418]
  • For roasting, [277]
• Hemicycle, [138]
• Hoe, [152]

• Intervenium, [50]
• Iron Fork for Metal, [387]
• Iron Hook for Assaying, [240]
• Iron Smelting, [422]; [424]
• Iron Tools, [150]

• Jigging Sieve, [311]

• Ladders, [213]
• Ladle for Metal, [383]
• Lead Mould for Assaying, [240]
• Liquation Cakes.
  • Dried, [530]
• Liquation Cakes, Exhausted, [522]
• Liquation Furnaces, [517]; [519]; [525]; [527]; [528]
• Lye Making, [557]

• Matte Roasting, [350]; [351]
• Meers, Shape of, [79]; [80]; [86]; [87]; [89]
• Mills for Grinding Ore, [294]; [296]
• Muffle Furnaces, [223]; [489]
• Muffles, [228]

• Nitric Acid Making, [442]
• Nitrum Pits, [559]

• Operculum, [446]
• Orbis, [142A]

• Parting Precious Metals.
  • With antimony, [453]
  • By cementation, [455]
  • With nitric acid, [446]
  • With sulphur, [449]
• Picks, [152]
• Plummet level.
  • Standing, [143]
  • Suspended, [146]
• Pumps.
  • Chain, [173]; [174]; [175]
  • Duplex suction, [180]; [185]; [189]
  • Rag and chain, [191]; [193]; [194]; [195]
  • Suction, [177]; [178]; [179]; [182]; [183]; [187]

• Quicksilver Distillation, [427]; [429]; [430]; [431]; [432]

• Rag and Chain Pumps, [191]; [193]; [194]; [195]; [197]
• Rammers for Fire-Clay, [377]; [383]
• Ring-Fire, for Parting with Sulphur, [449]
• Roasting (see also [Heap] and [Stall Roasting]), [278]; [350]; [351]; [274]; [275]; [276]
• Rosette Copper Making, [537]

• Salt.
  • Boiling, [549]; [554]; [555]
  • Caldron, [551]; [553]
  • Evaporated on faggots, [556]
  • Pans, [547]
  • Wells, [549]
• Saltpetre Making, [563]
• Saxon Lead Furnace, [393]
• Scorifier, [229]
• Seams in the Rocks, [54]; [55]; [56]; [60]; [72]
• Shafts.
  • Inclined, [104]
  • Timbering, [123]
  • Vertical, [103]; [105]
• Shears for Cutting Metal, [269]
• Shield for Muffle Furnace, [241]
• Sifting Ore, [287]; [288]; [289]; [291]; [292]; [293]; [311]; [342]
• Silver.
  • Cakes, Cleansing of, [476]; [488]
  • Refining, [484]; [485]; [486]; [489]
• Sleigh for Ore, [168]
• Sluicing Tin, [337]; [338]; [340]; [343]
• Smelter, Plan of Building, [361]
• Soda Making, [561]
• Sorting Ore, [268]; [270]
• Spalling Ore, [270]; [271]; [272]
• Stall Roasting.
  • Matte, [350]; [351]
  • Ore, [274]; [276]
• Stamp-mill, [284]; [286]; [287]; [299]; [313]; [320]; [321]; [373]
  • For breaking copper cakes, [501]
• Stamps, [285]
• Steel Furnace, [425]
• Strake, [302]; [303]; [305]; [306]; [307]; [341]; [342]; [345]
  • Canvas, [308]; [309]; [317]; [321]; [329]
• Streaming for Tin, [318]
• Stringers.
  • Associated, [71]
  • Fibra dilatata, [71]
  • Fibra incumbens, [71]
  • Oblique, [71]
  • Transverse, [71]
• Surveying.
  • Rods, [138A]
  • Shafts and Tunnels, [131]
  • Triangles, [133]; [134]; [135]; [136]; [137]; [139]; [140]
• Suction Pumps (see [Pumps]).
• Sulphur Making, [579]; [581]

• Tap-holes in Furnaces, [389]
• Tapping-bar, [383]; [385]
• "Tests" for Refining Silver, [484]; [485]
• Timbering.
  • Shafts, [123]
  • Tunnels, [125]
• Tin.
  • Bars, [415]
  • Burning, [349]
  • Refining, [418]
  • Smelting, [415]; [419]
• Touch-needles, [255]
• Trays for Washing Alluvial, [334]
• Tread Whim, [163]
• Trough, [159]
  • For washing alluvial, [335]; [348]
• Trucks, [156]
• Tunnels, [103]; [104]; [105]; [120]
  • Timbering, [125]

• Veins.
  • Barren, [73]
  • Beginning of, [69]
  • Cavernous, [73]
  • Curved, [61]
  • End of, [69]
  • Head of, [69]
  • Horizontal, [61]
  • Intersections of, [64]; [65]; [66]; [67]; [68]
  • Solid, [73]
  • Strike of, [62]; [63]
• Vena cumulata, [49]; [70]
• Vena dilatata, [45]; [50]; [54]; [60]; [61]; [68]; [69]
• Vena profunda, [45]; [50]; [53]; [61]; [62]; [63]; [64]; [68]
• Ventilating with Damp Cloth (see also [Bellows], [Fans], and [Windsails]), [212]
• Vitriol Making, [567]; [574]; [575]; [576]; [577]

• Wagons, for Hauling Ore, [170]
• Washing Ore (see [Sifting Ore]).
• Water Tanks, under Furnaces, [358]
• Wedges, [150]
• Weights, for Assay Balances, [262]
• Westphalian Lead Smelting, [393]
• Wheelbarrows, [155]
• Whims.
  • Horse, [165]; [167]
  • Tread, [163]
• Windlasses, [161]; [162]; [171]
• Winds, Direction of, [59]
• Windsails for Ventilation, [201]; [202]; [203]

---

Transcriber's Notes.

This document includes quotes from very early authors. As such, it's no surprise that there are many spelling and punctuation irregularities. Also the authors were American, but writing for a British journal. In addition, whether "ae" and "oe" appear as ligatures or separate characters seems to be fairly random. Unless there was a clearly preferred spelling choice, variants were kept as is. All changes are explicitly documented below. Noted spelling variants that were preserved include: "aluminum" and "aluminium;" "ampullas" and "ampullae;" "beechwood" and "beech-wood;" "Blütstein" and "Blüt stein;" "brick dust" and "brickdust;" "calcspar," "calc spar" and "calc-spar;" derivatives of "crossbar" and "cross-bar," and similarly for "crosscut," "crosspiece," etc.; (Hans von) "Dechen" and "Decken;" "desulphurizing" and "de-sulphurizing;" "dissension" and "dissention" (and their plurals); "distill" and "distil" (and derivatives); "encrusted" and "incrusted;" "enquire" and "inquire" (and derivatives); "ensure" and "insure;" (Lazarus) "Ercker" and "Erckern;" "flavor" and "flavour;" "fluor-spar" and "fluorspar;" "Flusse" and "Flüsse;" (Rotenburg an der) "Fulda" and "Fulde;" "Gatter" and "Gatterer" may be the same person; "gold workers," "goldworkers" and "gold-workers;" "gray" and "grey" (and derivatives); "grove" and "groove" (English mining term for a shaft); "halitum" and "halitus;" "Henckel" and "Henkel;" "holm oak" and "holmoak;" "homogenous" and "homogeneous;" Daniel "Houghsetter," "Houghstetter" and "Hochstetter;" "Joannes" and "Johannes" (the alchemist); "Johanes" and "Johannes" (Aurelius Augurellus), a.k.a. "John Aurelio Augurello;" "Jüdenstein" and "Jüden stein;" "Kinstock" and "Kinstocke;" "Lautental" and "Lautenthal;" "lawsuit" and "law-suit;" "Leipsic" and "Leipzig;" "Krat" and "Kratt;" "Mosaic" and "Mosaick;" "mineralogic" and "mineralogical;" "Nützlich Bergbüchlin," "Nützliche Bergbüchlin," "Nützlich Bergbüchlein," and "Nützliche Bergbüchlein;" "organisation" and "organization;" (Thomas) "Pennant" and "Pennent;" "Probier Büchlein," "Probierbüchlin," "Probierbüchlein," "Probirbüchlein," and "Probirbüchleyn" (which may be different books in some cases); derivatives of "pulverise" and "pulverize;" "reagent" and "re-agent" (and their plurals); derivatives of "recognise" and "recognize;" "republished" and "re-published;" "salamander har" and "salamanderhar;" "seashore" and "sea-shore;" "semicircle" and "semi-circle" (and derivatives); "shovelful" and "shovel-ful;" "spiesglas," "spiesglass," and "spiesglasz;" "Turkey oak" and "turkey-oak;" "Vannucci," "Vannuccio" and "Vanuccio" (Biringuccio); "Vectarii" and "Vectiarii;" derivatives of "volatilise" and "volatilize."

There appears to be no rule whether punctuation following a quote should be inside or outside the quotation marks. The text was simply left as is.

There appears to be no rule whether Roman numerals have periods after them or not; even references to the same document may differ. The text was simply left as is.

Some footnote numbers are skipped. To avoid confusion with references to the footnotes, none of the footnotes were re-numbered. In particular, Book I does not have footnote 24; Book VI does not have footnote 9; Book VIII does not have footnote 9, 10 or 18; Book IX does not have footnote 24; Book XI does not have footnote 3.

Inserted missing anchor for footnote 1 on page v.

Changed "Albertham" to "Abertham" on page vii: "the God's Gift mine at Abertham."

Changed "honored" to "honoured" on page xi: "most honoured citizens."

Treated the explanatory text on page xxiv as a footnote (number 1) and created its anchor on page xxi.

Changed "license" to "licence" in the note on page xxiv: "only poets have licence."

Changed "Bibliotheque" to "Bibliothèque" in the footnote on page xxix: "the Bibliothèque Nationale."

Changed "Theosebeia" to "Theosebia" and inserted closing double quotation mark after "written to Theosebia, etc....'" on page xxx.

Left "loadstone" on page 2 although it's spelled "lodestone" everywhere else, because it's in a quote.

Changed "silver-mines" to "silver mines" on page 5: "the silver mines at Freiberg."

Removed the extra comma after "ll." in footnote 20 on page 11: "Odes, I., 35, ll. 17-20;" and in footnote 21 on page 15: "Satires, II., 3, ll. 99-102."

Changed "realised" to "realized" on page 25: "his hopes are not realized."

Removed extra double quotation mark from before "probable that the work" on page 28.

Changed "Hipprocrene" to "Hippocrene" in footnote 19 on page 37: "named Hippocrene after that horse."

Changed "Joachimstal" to "Joachimsthal" on page 42.

Adjusted the formats of the captions to the illustrations on page 45, 55, 56 and 60 to be consistent with other captions.

Removed extra double quotation mark after "not a metal" in the footnote from page 51.

Changed "foot walls and hanging walls" to "footwalls and hangingwalls" on page 65.

Changed "hanging-wall" to "hangingwall" in footnote 5 on page 80: "into the hangingwall."

Changed "Phaenippis" to "Phaenippus" in the footnote on page 83: "the other against Phaenippus."

Inserted double quotation mark after "Droit Francais et Etranger" in the footnote on page 84.

Changed "Inama-Strenegg" to "Inama-Sternegg" in the footnote on page 84.

Changed "Himmelich" to "Himmelisch" on page 92: "Himmelisch Höz." "Himmelsch hoz" was retained as a variant elsewhere.

Changed "shovelers" to "shovellers" on page 100: "miners, shovellers, windlass men."

The table in the note on page 109 refers to note 7 on p. 573. It would make more sense to refer to [note 8], but was left as is.

Changed "chrusos" to "chrysos" in the footnote on page 110: "(chrysos, gold and kolla, solder)."

The footnote on page 110 contains the reference "(see note xx., p. x)." Rather than Roman numerals, this appears to be a placeholder to a reference that was not filled in. Perhaps it should be "(see [note 8, p. 560])," but it was left as is.

Changed "tinstone" to "tin-stone" in the footnote on page 110.

Changed "De La Pirotechnica" to "De La Pirotechnia" in the footnote on page 112.

Changed "Mansfeld" to "Mannsfeld" in the footnote on page 113: "Mannsfeld copper schists."

Changed "CoAsA" to "CoAsS" in the footnote on page 113: "Cobaltite (CoAsS)."

Changed "Phoenecians" to "Phoenicians" on page 119: "Phoenicians must have possessed."

Changed "hanging wall" to "hangingwall" on page 124: "the hangingwall and the footwall."

Changed "venæ dilatatæ" (ae-ligature) to "venae dilatatae" on page 127: "mine venae dilatatae lying down."

Changed "venæ cumulatæ" (ae-ligature) to "venae cumulatae" on page 128: "as to venae cumulatae."

Changed "Watts's" to "Watt's" in footnote 1 on page 149: "Watt's improvements."

Changed "locks" to "blocks" on page 151: "blocks, and plates."

Something is wrong with the sentence on page 153 that ends with the reference to footnote 3. One metreta is larger than one-sixth of a congius. Perhaps "metreta" and "congius" should be swapped in this sentence, but it was left as is.

Changed "bail" to "bale" on page 153: "iron semi-circular bale."

Changed "Fosilium" to "Fossilium" twice in the footnote on page 155: "De Natura Fossilium."

Changed "decends" to "descends" on page 166: "descends into an underground chamber," and again on page 190: "the plank descends."

Changed "Pig-skin" to "Pigskin" in the caption to the illustration on page 168: "Pigskin sacks."

Left "vapor" as is in footnote 20 on page 210 although it's spelled "vapour" everywhere else, because it's in a quote.

Changed "de hydrated" to "dehydrated" in the footnote on page 221: "Probably dehydrated alum."

Changed "Na₂Co₃" to "Na₂CO₃" in the footnote on page 222.

Changed "fore-part" to "forepart" on page 226: "the forepart lies."

Changed "four-fold" to "fourfold" on page 226: "with fourfold curves."

Changed "or" to "of" on page 230: "an ore of copper."

Changed "factictius" to "facticius" in the footnote on page 233: "Sal facticius."

Changed "Interpretaltio" to "Interpretatio" in footnote 13 on page 234: "Interpretatio, die heffe."

Changed "Loehneys" to "Lohneys" in footnote 21 on page 237.

"Cramner" in footnote 21 on page 237 may be a typo for "Cramer," but it was left as is.

Changed "neutralized" to "neutralised" in footnote 21 on page 237: "neutralised by the nitre."

Changed "notes" to "note" in footnote 33 on page 248: "note 10."

Changed "liquified" to "liquefied" on page 250: "has become sufficiently liquefied."

Changed "touchneedles" to "touch-needles" in footnote 37 on page 253: "detailed account of touch-needles."

The reference to page 259 in footnote 39 on page 253 does not seem to make sense, but was not changed. Perhaps the reference should be to [footnote 27 on page 242].

In the table on page 257, the entries for the 20th and 21st needles do not add up, because the entry for the number of sextulae of copper belongs in the 21st needle, not the 20th. This was corrected. However, there are other errors in this table, which are not so obvious and were not corrected. In particular, the entries for the 22nd, 28th and 31st needles do not add correctly.

In the table on page 258, the number for the siliquae of copper was sometimes in the sextulae column. These were corrected. The affected lines were the ones for needles 13, 22 and 24. There is some other error (uncorrected) for the 17th needle; probably it should have another sextula of silver.

Filled in the missing "4" in the line for the 8th needle in the table on page 260.

Changed "52" to "25" in the line for the 3rd weight in the table for the "greater" weights on page 261.

Changed "stele" to "stelae" on page 279: "Certain stelae."

Changed "hanging-wall" to "hangingwall" on page 279: "the hangingwall rock;" and on page 292: "from the hangingwall."

Changed "lead" to "led" in the footnote on page 281: "led through a series."

Changed "Humpfrey" to "Humphrey" in the footnote on page 283: "William Humphrey."

Changed "Erbisdroff" to "Erbisdorff" on page 304: "tin-stuff of Schlackenwald and Erbisdorff."

Changed "colleced" to "collected" on page 328: "concentrates are collected."

Changed "civilisation" to "civilization" in footnote 17 on page 330: "glimmer of civilization."

Changed "Chapter IX" to "Book IX" in footnote 22 from page 350.

Changed "Thothmes" to "Thotmes" in footnote 6 on page 362: "the time of Thotmes III."

Changed "unseasonable" to "unreasonable" on page 374: "yet it is not unreasonable."

Inserted "L—" in the caption for the illustration on page 385.

Footnote 23, p. 391, refers to a note on p. 265, but there is no such note.

Changed "carni" to "Carni" in the caption to the illustration on page 393.

Removed extra right parenthesis at end of footnote 28, from page 396, and footnote 7, from page 441.

Changed "Agatharcides" to "Agatharchides" in the footnote on page 399, and again in the footnote on page 465.

Changed "bare" to "bars" on page 418: "the lattice-like bars sells."

Changed "Nütliche" to "Nützliche" in footnote 59 on page 433: "the Nützliche Bergbüchlein in association."

Changed "threequarters" to "three-quarters" on page 437: "three-quarters of a foot."

Changed "the spout from the opercula extends" to "the spouts from the opercula extend" in the caption to the illustration on page 446.

Changed "earthern" to "earthen" on page 451: "melted with copper in a red hot earthen crucible."

Changed "Boussingalt" to "Boussingault" in footnote 18 on page 454: "Investigation by Boussingault."

Footnote 26, on page 465, refers to a discussion on page 389; there is no such discussion. Perhaps the note on page [390] was intended, but no change was made.

The reference to p. 480 in the footnote on page 466 doesn't seem to make sense. Perhaps the reference should be to the note on p. [475] or the illustration on p. [481], but it was not changed.

Changed "Agricolas'" to "Agricola's" in footnote 27 on page 467.

Changed "roman" to "Roman" in the caption to the figure on page 481.

Changed "pinewood" to "pine-wood" on page 496: "shingles of pine-wood."

Changed "Fore-hearths" to "Forehearths" in the caption to the illustration on page 508.

Changed "or" to "of" in the table in footnote 17 on page 512: "564.8 lbs. of (A)."

Changed "near-by" to "nearby" on page 526: "in a nearby timber."

Changed "fore-hearth" to "forehearth" on page 540: "into the forehearth," and on page 543: "into the forehearth."

Changed "sideboards" to "side-boards" on page 552: "the side-boards are fixed."

Changed superscripts to subscripts in footnote 9 on page 561: "Ca(NO₃)₂ + K₂CO₃ = CaCO₃ + 2KNO₃."

Changed "crystallised" to "crystallized" in footnote 9 on page 561.

Changed "hydros" to "hydrous" in the footnote on page 565: "the hydrous sulphate."

Changed "octrahedra" to "octahedra" in the footnote on page 565.

Changed "subtance" to "substance" in footnote 11 on page 572: "that feathery substance."

Changed "ventholes" to "vent-holes" on page 580: "two or three vent-holes."

Changed "prehistoric" to "pre-historic" on page 582: "from pre-historic times."

Changed "Rawlinsons, Trans." to "Rawlinson's Trans." in the footnote on page 583.

Changed "Neavius" to "Naevius" on page 596: "Johannes Naevius."

Changed "Unständliche" to "Umständliche" in footnote 3 on page 599: "Umständliche ... Chronica."

Changed "Watts" to "Watt" on page 605: "Watt mentions it."

Changed "begininng" to "beginning" on page 611: "beginning of the sixteenth centuries."

Changed "oxidising" to "oxidizing" on page 615: "an oxidizing blast."

Changed "Oryguia" to "Orguia" on page 617.

Changed the reference for Annaberg on page 619 from "XXI" to "XXXI."

Changed "Ceragurite" to "Cerargurite" in its index entry on page 620.

Changed "Fibræ" to "Fibrae" (ae-ligature) in its index entry on page 622.

Changed the reference for Glass on page 623 from "534-592" to "584-592."

Changed two references for Magnes on page 625 from "584" to "585."

Changed the reference for Nuremberg, Scale of Weights on page 626 from "264" to "263."

Changed "Pickscheifer" to "Pickschiefer" in its index entry on page 626.

Changed the reference for Proustite on page 626, and the references for Pyrargyrite, for Ruby Silver, for Silver, for Silver Glance and for Silver Ores on page 627, from "109" to "108."

Changed the reference for Quicksilver on page 626 from "111" to "110."

Changed "Stuices" to "Sluices" on page 626, in the index entry for "Pockets in Alluvial Sluices."

Changed the references for Schneeberg, St. George mine and for St. George Mine on page 627 from "92" to "91."

Changed "Steinmack" to "Steinmarck" in its index entry on page 628.

In the Index to Persons and Authorities (starting page 630), there are a number of references to page 599 that appear to make more sense as references to 603, but which were not changed.

Changed the reference for Venice, Scale of Weights on page 630 from "264" to "263."

Changed the reference for De Mensuris et Ponderibus, Weights and Measures on page 632 from "264" to "263."

Changed the reference for De Natura eorum quae Effluunt ex Terra, Dedication on page 632 from "VIII" to "VII."

Changed the reference for De Precio Metallorum et Monetis on page 632 from "264" to "263."

Changed "Diphilus" to "Diphilos" in its index entry on page 632.

Changed the references for Forehearth and for Furnaces, Blast on page 637 from "390" to "389."

Changed the references for Pumps, Suction on page 638 from "188; 137" to "183; 187."

Changed the reference for "Tests" for Refining Silver on page 638 from "384" to "484."