FOOTNOTES:
[1] Turner, The Frontier in American History, p. 18.
[2] Henry Bamford Parkes, The American Experience (New York, 1959), p. 44.
[3] Dunaway, The Scotch-Irish of Colonial Pennsylvania, p. 59.
[4] Paul A. W. Wallace, Indian Paths of Pennsylvania (Harrisburg, 1965), pp. 66-72, includes two maps.
[5] Chester D. Clark, "Pioneer Life in the New Purchase," The Northumberland County Historical Society Proceedings and Addresses, VII (1935), 18.
[6] Meginness, Otzinachson (1889), p. 400.
[7] Ibid., p. 401.
[8] Linn, History of Centre and Clinton Counties, p. 472.
[9] Meginness, Otzinachson (1889), p. 401.
[10] Meginness, Otzinachson (1857), p. 454.
[11] Ibid., p. 458
[12] Carl and Jessica Bridenbaugh, Rebels and Gentlemen: Philadelphia in the Age of Franklin (New York, 1962), p. 76.
[13] Barck and Lefler, Colonial America, p. 409.
[14] Walter Prescott Webb, The Great Plains (New York, 1931), pp. 238-244.
[15] Herbert H. Beck, "Martin Meylin, A Progenitor of the Pennsylvania Rifle," Papers Read Before The Lancaster County Historical Society, LIII (1949), 33-61.
[16] Clark, "Pioneer Life in the New Purchase," p. 19.
[17] Lewis E. Theiss, "Early Agriculture," Susquehanna Tales (Sunbury, 1955), p. 89.
[18] Norman B. Wilkinson (ed.), "Mr. Davy's Diary," Pennsylvania History, XX (1953), 261.
[19] James W. Silver (ed.), "Chauncey Brockway, an Autobiographical Sketch," Pennsylvania History, XXV (1958), 143.
[20] Maynard, Historical View of Clinton County, p. 11.
[21] Ibid.
[22] The probate records of Northumberland and Lycoming counties, found in the respective offices of the Register of Wills and Recorder of Deeds, contain entries leaving to the widow the "best room in the house," or, "her choice of rooms." No doubt, the simplicity of the earlier home accentuated the value of the additions.
[23] "Mr. Davy's Diary," p. 259.
[24] Ibid., p. 341. The Reverend Philip Vickers Fithian notes the richness of the land in the journal of his one-week visit to the area in the summer of 1775. He was also surprised to find that "many have their Grain yet in the Field," a notation for the 26th of July. Fithian: Journal, p. 71.
[25] Theiss, Susquehanna Tales, p. 88.
[26] The Museum of the Muncy Historical Society contains examples of these early farm implements and offers vivid evidence of their crudeness.
[27] Fithian: Journal, p. 71.
[28] Ibid., p. 72.
[29] Leyburn, The Scotch-Irish, p. 262.
[30] Linn, History of Centre and Clinton Counties, p. 469.
[31] "Mr. Davy's Diary," p. 258.
[32] Dunaway, The Scotch-Irish of Colonial Pennsylvania, p. 171. Even in the more settled areas of the Susquehanna Valley markets were slow to develop as this note from "Mr. Davy's Diary," p. 338, reported on Oct. 3, 1794: "At present there is no Market here but if many English Families settle this will soon follow as there is an excellent supply of every necessary & even Luxury in the Neighbourhood."
[33] J. E. Wright and Doris S. Corbett, Pioneer Life in Western Pennsylvania (Pittsburgh, 1940), p. 74.
[34] Arthur W. Calhoun, A Social History of the American Family (New York, 1960), I, 202.
[35] Wright and Corbett, Pioneer Life in Western Pennsylvania, pp. 86-92.
[36] Pennsylvania Archives, Third Series, XIX, 405-805.
[37] "Mr. Davy's Diary," p. 265.
[38] Ibid.
[39] Ibid., pp. 263-264.
[40] Ibid., p. 264.
[41] Ibid., p. 263.
[42] One student of the commerce of the Susquehanna Valley made sweeping generalizations about its significance which can hardly be substantiated. See Morris K. Turner, The Commercial Relations of the Susquehanna Valley During the Colonial Period (Ph.D. Thesis, University of Pennsylvania, 1916). This dissertation, although claiming to deal with the Susquehanna Valley, never gets much beyond Harrisburg and seldom reaches as far north as Fort Augusta. Its accounts of roads, navigation improvements, and trade fail to reach the Fair Play settlers. This lends further support to their independent and self-sufficient existence. Turner's concluding paragraph is, however, a gem of economic determinism and bears repeating in full. Found on page 100, it reads as follows:
"If then, the commercial relations of the Susquehanna Valley were so far reaching affecting as they did in the pre-Revolutionary period the attitude of the people on all the questions, practically, of the day it is only fair to say that it was these relations which promoted the Revolution in the Province and drove the old government out of existence. The political issues were aided and abetted, yes, were created, were born from the womb of the neglected commercial relations of the Province and no other section at the time had such extensive relations as the Susquehanna Valley. No other conclusion can be reached after a serious study of the history of the period."
[43] Leyburn, The Scotch-Irish, p. 150.