FOOTNOTES:
[1] P. 2.
[2] The Oxford Universal Dictionary (Oxford, 1955), p. 637.
[3] Solon and Elizabeth Buck, The Planting of Civilization in Western Pennsylvania (Pittsburgh, 1939), pp. 431 and 451.
[4] See, for example, Dunaway, A History of Pennsylvania, p. 146, and The Scotch-Irish of Colonial Pennsylvania, pp. 159-160; also, Leyburn, The Scotch-Irish, p. 306.
[5] Turner, The Frontier in American History, p. 1.
[6] See [Chapter Two].
[7] Quoted by Ray Allen Billington in his introduction to Turner, Frontier and Section, p. 5.
[8] Pennsylvania Archives, Second Series, III, 217-218, 518-522.
[9] This pride was notably demonstrated in the insistence of the Fair Play settlers that a stand be made at Fort Augusta following the Great Runaway. Previous to this, they had pleaded for support for "our Common Cause" in the defense of this frontier. Pennsylvania Archives, Second Series, III, 217.
[10] Pennsylvania Archives, Second Series, X, 27-31, 417, and Fifth Series, II, 29-35.
[11] Quoted in Clinton Rossiter, The First American Revolution (New York, 1956), pp. 4-5.
[12] Turner, The Frontier in American History, p. 37.
[13] Ibid.
[14] See also, George D. Wolf, "The Tiadaghton Question," The Lock Haven Review, Series I, No. 5 (1963), 61-71.
[15] Buck, The Planting of Civilization in Western Pennsylvania, pp. 431, 451.
[16] Anna Jackson Hamilton to Hon. George C. Whiting, Commissioner of Pensions, Dec. 16, 1858, Wagner Collection, Muncy Historical Society.
[17] Colonial Records, X, 634-635. The following resolution of Congress was entered in the minutes of the Council of Safety on July 5, 1776:
Resolved, That Copies of the Declaration be sent to the several Assemblies, Conventions, and Councils of Safety, and to the several Commanding Officers of the Continental Troops, that it be proclaimed in each of the United States, and at the Head of the Army.
By order of Congress.
sign'd, JOHN HANCOCK, Presid't.
Provision was also made for the reading in Philadelphia at 12 noon on July 8, and letters were sent to Bucks, Chester, Northampton, Lancaster, and Berks counties with copies of the Declaration to be posted on Monday the 8th where elections for delegates were to be held. For some reason, the frontier counties of Bedford, Cumberland, Westmoreland, York, and Northumberland, contiguous to the Fair Play territory, were omitted from these instructions.
[18] Turner, The Frontier in American History, pp. 1, 18.
[19] The Journal of William Colbert gives frequent testimony to this statement, as indicated in [Chapter Five].
[20] See the [map] in Chapter One for the geographic boundaries of the Fair Play territory. Note the location of the top leaders, Henry and Frederick Antes and Robert Fleming, in [Chapter Six].
[21] The number of different office-holders runs to better than ten per cent of the population.
[22] Turner, The Frontier in American History, pp. 333-334.
[23] Ibid., pp. 306-307.
[24] Ibid., p. 306.
[25] Ibid.
[26] Meginness, Otzinachson (1857), pp. 163-164.
[27] See [Chapter Seven] for an evaluation of "Democracy on the Pennsylvania Frontier."
[28] Turner, The Frontier in American History, p. 307.
[29] Richard Hofstadter, "The Myth of the Happy Yeoman," American Heritage, VII, No. 3 (April, 1956), 43-53.
[30] The term "the personality of the law" is Turner's and emphasizes the men who carried out the law, rather than its structure. The fact that the ruling tribunal of the West Branch Valley was referred to as the "Fair Play men" rather than the "tribunal" illustrates this contention.
[31] Turner, The Frontier in American History, pp. 253-254.
[32] See [Chapter Three, n. 24].