FOOTNOTES:
[1] E. Melvin Williams, "The Scotch-Irish in Pennsylvania," Americana, XVII (1923), 382.
[2] This chart was compiled by making a list of eighty names appearing in an article on the genealogy of the Fair Play men, Helen Herritt Russell, "The Documented Story of the Fair Play Men and Their Government," The Northumberland County Historical Society Proceedings and Addresses, XII (1958), 16-43. Mrs. Russell is genealogist of the Fort Antes chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution in Jersey Shore, Pa. The names were checked in Meginness and Linn for possible national origin. Approximately one-fourth were verified in these sources. Although this writer questioned the validity of the geographic conclusions of Meginness and Linn, both have ample documentation for their findings regarding genealogy and national origins. These findings can be validated in the published archives. The entire sample of names was submitted to Dr. Samuel P. Bayard, a folklore specialist and professor of English at the Pennsylvania State University, whose determination was made on the basis of linguistic techniques.
[3] Popular control was an American rather than a Scottish influence necessitated by the absence of sufficient numbers of ministers. In Scotland, the minister chose his elders and thus dominated the session; in America, the selection was made by the congregation. See James G. Leyburn, The Scotch-Irish: A Social History (Chapel Hill, 1962), p. 150.
[4] Carl Wittke, We Who Built America (Cleveland, 1963), p. 57.
[5] American Council of Learned Societies, "Report of Committee on Linguistic and National Stocks in the Population of the United States," Annual Report of the American Historical Association for the Year 1931 (Washington, 1932), I, 124.
[6] This summary has been prepared from three main sources: Wayland F. Dunaway, The Scotch-Irish of Colonial Pennsylvania (Hamden, Conn., 1962), pp. 89-91; Meginness, Otzinachson (1889), pp. 161-167; and John B. Linn, History of Centre and Clinton Counties, Pennsylvania (Philadelphia, 1883), pp. 447, 481-482.
[7] Williams, "The Scotch-Irish in Pennsylvania," p. 382.
[8] Wayland F. Dunaway, A History of Pennsylvania (Englewood Cliffs, N. J., 1948), pp. 131-137. According to John Bacon Deans, "The Migration of the Connecticut Yankees to the West Branch of the Susquehanna River," The Northumberland County Historical Society Proceedings and Addresses, XX (1954), 34-35, eighty-two Yankees came to Warrior's Run in September of 1775, but none went farther west.
[9] Wyoming Historical and Geological Society, Wilkes-Barre, Pa., The Zebulon Butler Papers, Jonas Davis to Zebulon Butler, March 16, 1773.
[10] Meginness, Otzinachson (1889), p. 340.
[11] Linn, History of Centre and Clinton Counties, p. 475; Meginness, Otzinachson (1889), pp. 508-511.
[12] Linn, History of Centre and Clinton Counties, p. 477; Meginness, Otzinachson (1889), p. 666.
[13] O'Callaghan, Documentary History of the State of New York, I, 587-591.
[14] Meginness, Otzinachson (1889), p. 509. This July 12, 1778, communication from Colonel Hunter did not fall on deaf ears, for Colonel Thomas Hartley was ordered to the area with his regiment before the summer was out.
[15] Linn, History of Centre and Clinton Counties, p. 475.
[16] Richmond D. Williams, "Col. Thomas Hartley's Expedition of 1778," Now and Then, XII (1960), 258-259.
[17] Wallace, Conrad Weiser, pp. 362-363. Lydius had gotten the Indians drunk following the settlement at Albany between the Six Nations and the Proprietaries. This boundary line (Albany) "crossed the West Branch below the Big Island," p. 374.
[18] Pennsylvania Archives, First Series, XI, 508.
[19] Meginness, Otzinachson (1889), p. 667.
[20] Linn, History of Centre and Clinton Counties, p. 477. Pennsylvania Archives, Third Series, XIX, 711-713.
[21] The ambiguity of the term "New Purchase" becomes apparent once it is recognized that territorial acquisitions of both Stanwix treaties adopted that appellation.
[22] Dunaway, The Scotch-Irish of Colonial Pennsylvania, pp. 28-49.
[23] Northumberland County Courthouse, Sunbury, Pa., Penns & C. 1782-1811 Tax Assessments, Cabinet #1. This book, found in the cellar of the courthouse, also contains the Pine Creek assessment for 1789.
[24] Pennsylvania Archives, Third Series, XIX, 618-622.
[25] Pennsylvania Archives, First Series, XII, 286-287. The squatters, apparently warned in advance, had practically all vacated the premises. However, neighbors across the river willingly gave their names.
[26] Pennsylvania Archives, Third Series, XIX, 437, 468, 557, 711, 790.
[27] Pennsylvania Archives, Second Series, III (1875), 217, 518-522. The original petitions of 1781 and 1784 are located in the State Archives, Harrisburg.
[28] Penn's colony was well advertised, and the emphasis upon liberty of conscience, when contrasted with the restrictions of the Test Act, gives ample support for the significance of liberty as a motivating factor. However, economic causes predominated.
[29] Ray Allen Billington, Westward Expansion (New York, 1960), p. 380. Billington refers here to the distribution-pre-emption measure of 1841, whereas Congress actually recognized squatters' rights in the act of 1830.
[30] Williams, "The Scotch-Irish in Pennsylvania," p. 382.