INDEX

Absorption and Filtration, [26]-39
Angles to be, as far as possible, avoided, [99]
Baking of clay soils by evaporation, [30]
Barley, [168]
Bartlett, Dr., quotation from, [211]
Base-line, [145]
Boning-rods, (with illustrations), [125]-126
Central Park, [74]-86
Cess-pools, cause of epidemics, [237]
Chadwick, Dr., quotation from, [213]
Clay Soils, [75]
Clay Soils, Baking of by Evaporation, [30]
Clay Soils, Made mellow by draining, [29]-30
Clay Soils, Shrinkage of, [28]
Clinometer, (illustration), [56]
Collars, [84]
Connections, [132]
Connections (illustrations), [134]
Corn, Indian, [162]
Cost of draining, [150]-153-158
Cotton, [169]
Covering and filling, cost of, [157]
Covering for the joints of tiles, [132]
Covering tiles, [136]
Datum-line, [52]-104
Denton, J. Bailey, quotation from, [115]
Distance between drains, [73]
Diseases, malarial, [208]
Ditches, cost of digging, [154]
Draining, amateur, [47]
Draining, indications of the need of, [9]
Draining, its effect on farming, [171]
Draining, tiles, how made, [174]
Draining, tiles, materials for, [174]
Draining, tools, (illustration), [114]
Draining, what it costs, [150]
Draining, will it pay? [161]
Draining, when necessary, [7]
Drains, Cubic yards of excavation in, [155]
Drains, and drained land, care of, [144]
Drains, lateral, should be parallel, [99]
Drains, how they act, [21]
Drains, obstructed, how cleared, [146]
Drains, old, how formed, [146]
Drains, rate of fall, [90]
Drains, their action in the Central Park, [86]
Drained Soil, capacity for receiving water of rains, [23]
Drainage of dwelling houses, [232]
Drought, [37]-40
Economy versus cheapness, [152]
Engineering and Superintendence, cost of, [153]
Engineers, draining, [47]
Epidemic at Maplewood Young Ladies' Institute, [232]
Epidemics caused by cess-pools, [237]
Epidemics caused by ordure beneath houses, [238]
Evaporation, [33]
Evaporation, amount of, [34]
Evaporation, effect on temperature, [33]-35
Evaporation, heat lost during, [34]
Fall, rate of in drains, [77]
Fallacies in draining, [62]
Fen-lands of England, [193]
Fever and Ague, [208]
Fever and Ague, exact cause unknown, [210]
Filtration and absorption, [26]-39
Filling, illustration of—ditch with, furrows, [141]
Filling, maul for ramming, (illustration), [138]
Filling, scraper for, (illustration), [140]
Filling, the ditches, [136]
Finishing tools, (illustration), [123]
Finishing scoop, [123]
Finishing scoop, how used, [126]
Foot-pick, (illustration), [156]
Four-foot drains, [70]
Germination of seeds, [13]
Gisborne, Thos., quotations from, [28]-31-35-47-66-78-84-93-127
Grading, [124]
Grading, cost of, [156]
Grade stakes, [103]
Grades, computation for, [109]
Grades, how to establish, [107]
Gratings in Silt-basins, [148]
Hackensack meadows, [203]
Hay, [168]
Heat, amount of lost during evaporation, [34]
House drainage, [220]
House drainage, back drain system, [235]
House drainage bad, indicated by offensive smells, [239]
Indications of the need of draining, [9]
Injury from standing water in the subsoil, [15]
Impervious soil, [31]
John Johnson, [164]
Land requiring draining, [7]
Lateral drains, [61]-97
Lateral drains, direction of, [75]
Lateral drains, shallow, how connected with deep main, [111]
La Roche, quotations from, [213]
Levels, how to take for drains, [104]
Levelling instrument, (illustration), [52]
Levelling rod, (illustration), [53]
Location of main drains, [58]
Madden, Dr., quotation from, [12]
Main drain, [96]
Main drain, location of, [58]
Malaria [211]
Malaria borne by winds, [212]-214-219
Malaria conclusions of the General Board of Health of England, [220]
Malaria facts concerning, [212]
Malaria spread of, prevented by hills, [218]
Malarial diseases, evidence of the effect of drainage in removing, [216]
Malarial diseases, reports to the British Parliament concerning, [216]
Malarial diseases, rheumatism and tic-douloureux, [219]
Malarious localities, effects of residence in, [214]
Maps, amending the, [142]
Maps, description of, (illustrations), [49]-50-51-54-98
Maps, importance of, [48]
Marking the lines, [116]
Mechi, Alderman, quotations from, [29]-71
Mellowness or Porosity, [41]
Measuring staff (illustration), [124]
Metcalf, Dr., quotation from, [211]
Movement of water in the ground, [32]-64-65
Mortality, rate of reduced by improved house drainage, [222]
Neuralgia, [208]
New York, suggestions for sewer outlets, [227]
Oats, [168]
Obstructions, [90]
Opening ditches, [122]
Outlet, [95]
Outlet, how made (with illustrations), [118]
Outlet, location of, [58]
Parkes, Josiah, quotations from, [36]-71-88-178
Porosity, [41]
Profile of a drain, (illustration), [106]
Profit, instances of, [167]-170
Production, amount of increase of, necessary to make draining profitable, [162]
Puddling, [8]-31-148
Pumping, [206]
Pumping, London sewage, [226]
Rock, sounding for, [55]
Rock, how to collect water from, [60]
Roots, depth to which they reach, [40]-67
Roots, as a cause of obstruction, [93]-148
Rye, [168]
Salisbury's, Dr., theory concerning malarious fever, [214]
Salt marshes, catch water drains, [201]
Salt marshes, construction of embankment, [196]
Salt marshes, dyke and ditch, (illustration), [197]
Salt marshes, exclusion of the sea, [195]
Salt marshes, how formed, [194]
Salt marshes, inundations from upland , [201]
Salt marshes, location and size of embankment, [195]
Salt marshes, management of creeks, [198]-200
Salt marshes, management of rivers, [201]
Salt marshes, muskrats, [199]
Salt marshes, outlet for under drainage, [204]-205
Salt marshes, pumping, [206]
Salt marshes, rain-fall and filtration, [204]
Salt marshes, valve-gates and sluices, [204]
Scraper for filling ditches, (illustration), [140]
Seeds, germination of, [13]
Sewage, use of in agriculture, [226]
Sewers, defects of large, [228]-238
Sewers, description of the London outfall, [225]
Sewers, efficacy of glazed earthern pipes, [229]-230-238
Sewers, experiments of Hale on pipe sewers, [230]
Sewers, imperfect, [224]
Sewers, of brick, defective, [228]-235-238
Sewerage, conclusions of General Board of Health, [237]
Sewerage, of New York, [227]
Shrinkage of clay soils, [28]
Sides of ditches in soft land, how braced, (illustration), [124]
Silt, [90]
Silt, basins, (illustrations), [121]-135-136
Silt, basins, how made, [120]
Silt, basins, [91]-96-134
Silt, in tiles, [144]
Sources of the water in the soil, [10]
Springs, how to collect the water of, [59]-60-141
Staking out the lines, [102]
Staten Island, [209]
Steam pumps, [206]
Stone and tile drains, [142]
Sub-mains, [59]
Teams used in opening ditches, [122]
Temperature, [35]-66
Temperature, affected by draining, [36]
Tile laying, [127]
Tile-pick, (illustration), [131]
Tiles, and tile laying, cost of, [157]
Tiles, capacity for discharging water, [84]-86
Tiles, double-style, [80]
Tiles, drain—essential characteristics, [22]
Tiles, how made, [174]
Tiles, horse-shoe, [78]
Tiles, kinds and sizes, [77]
Tiles, ordering, [82]-101
Tiles, objections to large sizes, [147]
Tiles, pipes and collars, [81]
Tiles, rapidity with which they receive water, [78]
Tiles, sizes of, [81]
Tiles, sizes required for different areas, [88]
Tiles, should be well formed, [83]
Tiles, sole, [80]
Tiles, trimming and perforating, [131]
Tile making, material for, [174]
Tile preparation of earths, [176]
Tile rolling and drying, [182]
Tile washing the clay, [177]
Tobacco, [169]
Tools required, [113]
Town drainage, conclusions of General Board of Health, [237]
Undrained land not reliable for cultivation, [18]
Vermin as a cause of obstruction, [93]
Water, depth of, [66]-70
Water, in the sub-soil, injurious effects of, [15]
Water, movement of in the ground, [32]-64-65
Water, objections to excess of, [11]
Water, the best vehicle for removing ordure, [238]
Water, when beneficial and when injurious, [24]
Water-courses and brooks, how treated during draining operations, [117]
Water-table, [22]
Wind-mills, [206]
Wheat, [164]-167