Index

[1]. Rosenfeld, “Singing and Speaking Stones”; Scientific American Suppl. No. 1720, p. 395, Dec. 19, 1908.

[2]. Johannis Laurentii Philadelpheni Lydi quæ extant excerpta; ed. Hase, etc., Lipsiæ et Darmstadii, 1827, p. 104.

[3]. “La Statue vocal de Memnon,” by M. Letronne, in Mém. de l’Institut de France, Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres, vol. i, 42, 1.

[4]. See Theophrasti, “De lapidibus (Peri lithôn),” ed. by John Hill, London, 1746, pp. 15–17; cap. 10.

[5]. Plinii, “Naturalis historia,” Lib. xxxvii, cap. 59.

[6]. De Mély, in La Grande Encyclopédie; art. pierres précieuses.

[7]. Conradi Gesneri, “De rerum fossilium,” etc., Tiguri, 1565, fol. 49 verso.

[8]. Giovanni B. Rampolli, “Annali Musulmani,” vol. ix, Milano, 1825, p. 481, note 75.

[9]. “Exposition de ce qu’il y a de plus remarquable et des merveilles,” by Abdorrashish, surnamed Yakuti, a geographical work of the fifteenth century, transl. into French and published in Notices et Extraits des Manuscrits de la Bibliothèque du Roi, vol. ii, pp. 452, 520, 534; Paris, 1789.

[10]. F. Stuhlmann, “Mit Emin Pascha im Herz von Africa,” Berlin, 1894, p. 588.

[11]. S. Gason, “The Dieyeric Tribe” in “Native Tribes of South Australia,” pp. 276 sqq.; see also: A. W. Howitt, “The Dieri and Other Kindred Tribes of Central Australia.”

[12]. H. L. P. Cameron, “Notes on Some Tribes of New South Wales.” Journ. of Anthrop. Inst., vol. xiv (1885), p. 362.

[13]. J. L. van der Toorn, “Het animisme bij den Minangkabaner der Padangsche Bovenland, Bijdragen tot de Taal-Land-en Volkerkunde van Nederlandsch Indie,” vol. xxxix, 1890, p. 86.

[14]. Martin, “Description of the Western Islands of Scotland,” in Pinkerton’s “Voyages and Travels,” vol. iii, p. 594.

[15]. See Pinder, “De adamante,” Berolini, 1829, pp. 70 sqq., where the use of the word adamas to designate iron is said to have been conjectured by Schneider, in his “Analecta ad hist. rei met. vet.,” pp. 5, 6. Adamas as a man’s name occurs in the “Iliad,” xii, 140 and xiii, 560.

[16]. Julius Ruska, “Das Steinbuch aus der Kosmographie des Muhammad ibn Mahmud al Kazwini,” Beilage to the Jahresbericht of the Oberrealschule Heidelberg, 1895–96.

[17]. Camilli Leonardi, “Speculum lapidum,” Venetia, 1502, fol. xxix.

[18]. Philostrati, “Vita Apollonii,” Lib. iii, cap. 8.

[19]. “The Questions of King Milinda,” trans. by T. W. Rhys Davids; Sacred Books of the East, vol. xxxvi, Oxford, 1894, pp. 14, 303.

[20]. Traité des Simples of Ibn Al-Beithar, in Notices et Extraits des Manuscrits de la Bibliothèque Nationale, vol. xxiii, p. 409; Paris, 1877.

[21]. De Mély, “Le traité des fleuves de Plutarche,” in Revue des Études Grecques, vol. v (1892), p. 332.

[22]. Konrad von Megenberg, “Buch der Natur,” ed. by Dr. Franz Pfeiffer, Stuttgart, 1861, p. 456.

[23]. Volmar, “Steinbuch,” ed. by Hans Lambel, Heilbronn, 1877, p. 24.

[24]. St. Hildegardæ, “Opera omnia,” in Pat. Lat., ed. J. P. Migne, vol. cxcvii, col. 1260.

[25]. D’Herbelot, “Bibliothèque Orientale,” La Haye, 1778, p. 230.

[26]. Clouston, “A Group of Eastern Romances,” Glasgow, 1889.

[27]. “Nützliche Versuche und Bemerkungen aus dem Reich der Natur,” Nürnberg, 1760; cited by Bolton.

[28]. Bolton, “Contributions of Alchemy to Numismatics,” New York, 1890, pp. 17, 18.

[29]. Ashmole, “Theatrum chemicum Brittanicum,” London, 1652, pp. 4–6.

[30]. Spencer and Gillen, “The Native Tribes of Central Australia,” London, 1899, pp. 525–529.

[31]. Rumphius, “D’Ambonische Rariteitskamer,” Amsterdam, 1741, p. 291.

[32]. Rumphius, “D’Ambonische Rariteitskamer,” Amsterdam, 1741, pp. 291, 292.

[33]. Vogt, “Die Indianer des oberen Paraná,” Mitteilungen d. Anthrop. Gesellsch. in Wien, 1904, vol. xxxiv, pp. 206, 207.

[34]. Hovorka and Kronfeld, “Vergleichende Volksmedizin,” vol. 11, p. 900; communication from Dr. Rudolf Pöch.

[35]. Benvenuto Cellini, “Due trattati, uno intorno alle otto principali arti dell’oreficeria,” etc., Fiorenzi, Valente Panizzi & Marco Peri, 1568, fol. 10 recto.

[36]. Axel Garboe, “Kulturhistoriske Studier over Ædelstene, med særligt Henblik paa det 17. Aarhundrede,” Kobenhavn og Kristiania, 1915, p. 225; citing a manuscript in the Royal Library at Copenhagen.

[37]. See Herbert E. Gregory, “Note on the Shape of Pebbles,” in The American Journal of Science, vol. xxxix, pp. 300–304; March, 1915; also for two succeeding paragraphs.

[38]. See Herbert E. Gregory, “Note on the Shape of Pebbles,” in The American Journal of Science, vol. xxxix, pp. 303, 304; March, 1915.

[39]. W. G. Wood-Martin, “Traces of the Elder Faiths of Ireland,” London, 1902, vol. i, p. 329.

[40]. Ibid., 1902, vol. i, op. cit., p. 330.

[41]. Nona Lebour, “White Quartz Pebbles and their Archæological Significance”; reprint from Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society, January 30, 1914, p. 11.

[42]. Ibid., pp. 13 and 14, citing Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 1860–1, vol. iv, pt. i, p. 219.

[43]. Ibid., p. 12, citing Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 1860–1, vol. iv, pt. i, p. 219.

[44]. William Thomas and Kate Pavitt, “The Book of Talismans, Amulets and Zodiacal Gems,” London, 1914, p. 52.

[45]. From letter of Mr. Neil M. Judd, Assistant in Archæology in the United States National Museum, communicated by Dr. W. H. Holmes, Head Curator of the Department of Anthropology in that institution.

[46]. Communicated by Dr. Charles C. Abbott.

[47]. Warren K. Moorehead, “The Red-Paint People of Maine,” pp. 42, 43. Reprint from the American Anthropologist (N. S.), vol. xv, No. 1, January-March, 1913.

[48]. See the present writer’s “Gems and Precious Stones of North America,” New York, 1892, p. 128.

[49]. See N. F. Moore, “Antient Mineralogy,” 2d ed., New York, 1859, p. 190.

[50]. George Frederick Kunz, “Gems, Jewelers’ Materials and Ornamental Stones of California,” California State Mining Bureau, Bulletin No. 37, Sacramento, 1905, pp. 71–73.

[51]. Plinii, “Historia naturalis,” Lib. xxxvii, cap. 73.

[52]. Collection des auteurs Latin, ed. by M. Nazaire; vol. i, Lucain, Silius Italicus, Claudien, text and French trans., Paris, 1850, pp. 737, 738.

[53]. Torsten Kolmodin, “Lapparne och deres Land; Skildringar och Studier,” Pt. III, Stockholm, 1914, p. 14.

[54]. Nona Lebour, “White Quartz Pebbles and their Archæological Significance”; reprint from Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society, January 30, 1914, p. 10.

[55]. W. G. Wood-Martin, “Traces of the Elder Faiths of Ireland,” London, 1902, vol. i, p. 331.

[56]. Finn Magnussen, “Forsog til Forklaring over nogle Steder af Osian”; Det Skandinaviske Litteraturselskabs Skrifter, 1813, Pt. II, pp. 237, 251.

[57]. W. G. Wood-Martin, “Traces of the Elder Faiths of Ireland,” London, 1902, vol. i, p. 330.

[58]. Kunz, “Gems and Precious Stones of North America,” New York, 1890, pp. 206–210.

[59]. Basher, “Catlinite, Its Antiquity as a Material for Tobacco Pipes,” Am. Nat., vol. xvii, p. 745, July, 1883.

[60]. Renel, “Les religions de la Gaule avant le Christianisme,” Paris, 1906, p. 387.

[61]. Wirt Sikes, “British Goblins; Welsh Folk-Lore, Fairy Myths, Legends and Traditions,” London, 1880, p. 362.

[62]. Renel, “Les religions de la Gaule avant le Christianisme,” Paris, 1906, p. 369.

[63]. Ibid., 1906, p. 368.

[64]. Paul Sebillot, “The Worship of Stones in France,” trans. by Joseph D. McGuire, American Anthropologist, Jan.-Mar., 1902, vol. iv, No. 1, p. 98; citing Société des Antiquaires, vol. i, p. 429.

[65]. Martin, “Description of the Western Isles,” in Pinkerton’s “Voyages and Travels,” vol. iii, pp. 646, 627.

[66]. Sir Edgar McCulloch, “Guernsey Folk Lore,” London, 1903, p. 150.

[67]. Ibid., p. 157; fig. on p. 156.

[68]. Kuhn, “Norddeutsche Sagen,” Leipzig, 1848, p. 69.

[69]. Hermann, “Die erratischen Blöcke im Regierungsbezirck Danzig,” Berlin, 1911, p. 41; in vol. ii, Pt. I, “Beiträge zur Naturdenkmalpflege,” ed. by H. Conwentz.

[70]. Walsh, “Curiosities of Popular Customs,” Philadelphia, 1911, p. 325.

[71]. Armand Viré, “Pierres à gravures et Pierres à légendes dans le Lot et le Tarn et Garonne”; in Compte Rendu of the Ninth Session of the Congrès Préhistorique de France, Paris, 1914, p. 349.

[72]. Ibid., p. 350.

[73]. Dr. Walter Hough in “Handbook of American Indians north of Mexico,” ed. by Frederick Webb Hodge, Smithsonian Inst.; Bur. of Am. Ethn., Bull. 30; Washington, 1910, Pt. 2, p. 194.

[74]. Wirt Sikes, “British Goblins: Welsh Folk-Lore, Fairy Myths, Legends and Traditions,” London, 1880, p. 365.

[75]. Father Lambert, “Moeurs et Superstitions des Néo-Calédoniens,” Noumea, 1900, pp. 217, 218, 222, 292–304.

[76]. See Scott’s “Border Minstrelsy,” vol. iv, Pt. II, p. 645.

[77]. Lean’s Collectanea (by Vincent Stuckey Lean), vol. ii, Pt. I, Bristol, 1903, p. 476; see W. F. Wademan in Jour. Roy. Hist, and Arch. Assoc. of Ireland, July, 1875.

[78]. Catalogue of the collection of pearls and precious stones formed by Henry Philip Hope, Esq. Systematically arranged and described by B. Hertz, London, 1830.

[79]. Op. cit., p. 106.

[80]. Op. cit., No. 66, p. 106.

[81]. Op. cit., No. 65, p. 106.

[82]. Valentini, “Museum Museorum, oder der Vollständige Schau-Bühne,” Franckfurt am Mayn, 1713, Pt. II, p. 41; figured.

[83]. Ulyssis Aldrovandi, “Museum metallicum,” Bononiæ, 1648, p. 527; figured on p. 528.

[84]. Valentini, “Museum Museorum,” p. 42; citing description by Major in his “Tractatus de cancris et lapidibus petrifactis,” p. 64.

[85]. Ibid., p. 42; Pl. IX, fig. 3.

[86]. Ibid., p. 41; figured. From report in Miscellan. Acad. Germ. Cur., Decur. I, Ann. I, Obs. CXIII, p. 232.

[87]. Athanasii Kircheri, “Mundus subterraneus,” Amstelodami, 1665, vol. ii, pp. 42 sqq.

[88]. Op. cit., vol. i, p. 39; Pl. IV, fig. 6.

[89]. Scribner & Co., 1886.

[90]. The Germans called it Aschenzieher.

[91]. Pliny, “Naturalia historia,” Lib. xxxvii, cap. 29. In his recently published “Curious Lore of Precious Stones” the present writer suggested that Pliny’s lychnis might have been a spinel, but while some of these “ardent stones” may have been spinels, those displaying the phenomenon of attraction must have been tourmalines.

[92]. A. C. Hamlin.

[93]. Theophrasti, “De lapidibus, peri tôn lithôn,” ed. by John Hill, London, 1746, pp. 71–73 (cap. xlvi).

[94]. Idem, pp. 68–71 (cap. xlvi); see also Hill’s note on p. 69.

[95]. Johannis de Laet, Antwerpii, “De gemmis et lapidibus, libri duo,” Lugduni Batavorum [1647], pp. 36, 40.

[96]. “Curiose Speculationes bey schlaflosen Nächten ... von einem Liebhaber der Immer Gern Speculirt,” Chemnitz und Leipzig, bey Conr. Stosseln, 1707, 857, pp. 80.

[97]. Johann Gustav Donndorf, “Natur und Kunst,” Leipzig, 1790, p. 516.

[98]. “Histoire de l’Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles Lettres,” vol. xii, 1756; Berlin, 1758, pp. 105–121.

[99]. See Historie de l’Académie Royale des Sciences Année mdcccxvii Paris, 1719, pp. 7, 8.

[100]. Abbé Haüy, “Trattato dei caratteri fisici delle pietre preziose,” Ital. trans. by Luigi Configliachi, Milano, 1819, pp. 135–138; see Plate II, fig. 49.

[101]. Aepinus, l. c.

[102]. The Complete Works of Benjamin Franklin, ed. by John Bigelow, New York and London, 1888, vol. x, pp. 282–285.

[103]. See the writer’s “Gems and Precious Stones of North America,” New York, 1890, Pl. 4, and also his “Precious Stones” in 20th Annual Report of the U. S. Geological Survey, Pt. VI, Washington, 1899, p. 577.

[104]. Cornelii Taciti, “Libri qui supersunt,” vol. ii, Lipsiæ, 1885, p. 243.

[105]. Sat. vi, 572; ix, 50.

[106]. Lib. v, 37, 9; xi, 8, 6.

[107]. Pfizmeier, Sitzungsbericht d. phil.-hist. Kl., Wien, 1866, vol. xliii, p. 195.

[108]. Plinii, “Naturalis historia,” Lib. xxxvii, cap. 12.

[109]. Lean’s Collectanea, vol. ii, Pt. II, Bristol, 1903, p. 640.

[110]. Waver. Especially interesting as all amber changes in time.

[111]. Plinii, “Naturalis historia,” Lib. xxxvii, cap. 11.

[112]. Plinii, “Naturalis historia,” Lib. xxxvii, cap. 12.

[113]. Severus Sammonicus, “Preceptes médicaux,” text and French trans. by L. Baudet, Paris, 1845, pp. 84, 85.

[114]. King, “Natural History of Precious Stones,” etc., London, 1865, p. 334, note.

[115]. Raumer, “Historisches Taschenbuch,” I Ser., vol. vi, Leipzig, 1835, p. 366.

[116]. Pyle, “The Therapeusis of Precious Stones,” in his “Medicine,” Detroit, 1897, vol. iii, p. 115.

[117]. Palladii, “De gentibus Indie,” ed. Bissæus, London, 1665, p. 4.

[118]. Martin, “Observations et théories des anciens sur les attractions et la repulsion magnétiques,” in Atti dell’ Accademia Pontefici dei Nuovi Lincei, vol. xviii, p. 18 (1864–65).

[119]. “Gemmarum et lapidum historia,” Lug. Bat., 1636, p. 466; Lib. II, cap. 204.

[120]. From Robert Norman’s “The Newe Attractive,” London, 1581.

[121]. Aldrovandi, “Museum metallicum,” Bononiæ, 1648, p. 566.

[122]. Ploss, “Das Weib,” Leipzig, 1895, vol. ii, p. 350.

[123]. Aldrovandi, “Museum metallicum,” Bononiæ, 1648, pp. 564, 566.

[124]. Garcias ab Orta, “Aromatum historia” (Latin version by Clusius), Antverpiæ, 1579, p. 178. See also Valentine Ball in Proc. Roy. Ir. Soc., 3d Ser., vol. i, p. 662; Colloquy xliii, of the work of Garcias, translated from the Portuguese original.

[125]. William Jones, “Credulities Past and Present,” London, 1880, pp. 160, 161; citing “Panorama,” vol. vii.

[126]. D’Herbelot, “Bibliothèque Orientale,” La Haye, 1778, p. 229.

[127]. Rose, “Aristotle de lapidibus und Arnoldus Saxo,” in Zeitsch. für D. Alt., New Series, vol. vi. 1875.

[128]. Ibid., p. 358.

[129]. Ibid., p. 370.

[130]. Ibid., p. 379.

[131]. Nona Lebour, “Amber and Jet in Ancient Burials,” reprint from Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society, Nov. 27, 1914, pp. 4, 5.

[132]. American Journal of Science, 4th Ser., vol. iii, pp. 1–13, New Haven, 1897.

[133]. Tiguri, 1565, f. 66.

[134]. Titi Livi, “Ab urbe condita,” lib. xxix, cap. 11.

[135]. “Adversus Gentes,” lib. vii.

[136]. Prudentius “Hymnus X,” 11, 156, 157. This writer was born in 348 A.D. and died about 410.

[137]. “Dissertation sur la pierre de la Mère des Dieux,” in Mém. de l’Acad. des Inscrip. et Belles Lettres, vol. xxxviii, p. 370; Paris, 1770.

[138]. Miers, “Fall of Meteorites in Ancient and Modern Times,” Science Progress, vol. vii, No. 8, July, 1898, p. 351.

[139]. Laufer, “Jade: A Study in Chinese Archæology and Religion,” Chicago, 1912, pp. 54, 55, 57, 63, 64; Field Museum of Natural History, Pub. 154, Archæological Series, vol. x.

[140]. Morris Jastrow, Jr., “Die Religion Babyloniens und Assyriens,” vol. ii, Pt. II, Giessen, 1912, pp. 689, 690.

[141]. Ibid., pp. 692–694.

[142]. Benzinger, Hebräische Archäologie, Freiburg i. B., 1894, p. 370.

[143]. Lenormant, “Lettres Assyriologiques,” Paris, 1872, vol. ii, p. 118.

[144]. Miers, “Fall of Meteorites in Ancient and Modern Times,” Science Progress, vol. vii, No. 8, July, 1808, p. 349.

[145]. E. F. F. Chladni, “Verzeichniss der herabgefallenen Stein- und Eisenmassen,” p. 5; Gilbert’s Annalen der Physik, vol. 1.

[146]. Plutarchi, “Vitæ,” Lipsiæ, 1879, p. 394; Lysander, 12.

[147]. C. Plinii Secundi, “Historia naturalis,” Venetiis, 1507, fol. 8, recto; lib. ii, cap. 60.

[148]. Cornelii Taciti, “Opera,” Lipsiæ, 1885, p. 52.

[149]. Philostratus, “Apollonius of Tyana,” trans. by Baltzer, Rudolstadt i. Th., 1883, p. 143 (iii, 59).

[150]. Lenormant, in Daremberg and Saglio’s Dict., des antiq. grecques et romaines, vol. i, Paris, 1873, p. 645.

[151]. F. Lenormant, in Daremberg and Saglio’s Dict. des antiq. grecques et romaines, vol. i, p. 645, Paris, 1873. See Fig. 739.

[152]. Aen. ii, 692–698.

[153]. De Mély, “Le traité des fleuves de Plutarche”; in Revue des Etudes Grecques, vol. v (1892), p. 334.

[154]. Suetonii, “Opera,” Lipsiæ, 1886, p. 203; Galba, 8.

[155]. This name signifies “Mountain-God” and its assumption by the emperor marked his devotion to the worship of the divinity animating the stone of Emesa, El Gabal, which Elagabalus had conveyed to Rome, where it remained until 222 A.D. This stone was regarded as a miniature representation of the sacred mountain near Emesa. The stone is figured on the aureus of the emperor Uranius Antonius. See Ch. Lenormant, Rev. Numismatique, 1843, p. 273, sq., Pl. IX, No. 1.

[156]. Lenormant, “Lettres Assyriologiques,” Paris, 1872, vol. ii, p. 123.

[157]. “Voyages d’Ibn Batoutah.” Translation by C. Defremery and B. R. Sanguinette, vol. i, 3d Ed., Paris, 1893, p. 314.

[158]. Sale, “The Koran” (Preliminary Discourse), Phila., 1853, p. 14.

[159]. Burckhardt, “Travels in Arabia,” London, 1829, p. 137.

[160]. Burckhardt, “Travels in Arabia,” London, 1829, p. 167.

[161]. Chardin, “Voyage en Perse,” Amsterdam, 1735, vol. iv, p. 171.

[162]. Giovanni B. Rampolli, “Annali Musulmani,” vol. viii, Milano, 1824, p. 589, note 104.

[163]. Dr. C. Snouck-Hurgronje, “Mekka,” Haag, 1888, vol. i, pp. 2, 4, 5.

[164]. Op. cit., p. 11.

[165]. From Hammer-Purgstall’s “Fundgrube des Orients,” vol. iv, Heft 3; cited by E. F. F. Chladni, “Neues Verzeichniss der herabgefallenen Stein- und Eisenmassen,” p. 55; Gilbert’s Annalen der Physik, vol. 1.

[166]. E. F. F. Chladni, “Neues Verzeichniss der herabgefallenen Stein- und Eisenmassen,” p. 58; Gilbert’s Annalen der Physik, vol. 1.

[167]. Ibid., p. 5.

[168]. Berthelot, “Histoire des Sciences: La Chimie au Moyen-âge,” Paris, 1893, vol. iii, p. 225.

[169]. Brezina, “The Arrangement of Collections of Meteorites”; Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, vol. xliii, Jan.-Dec., pp. 212, 213.

[170]. King, “Remarks Concerning Stones said to have Fallen from the Clouds,” London, 1796, p. 4.

[171]. Megenberg, “Buch der Natur,” ed. Pfeiffer, Stuttgart, 1861, p. 92. (This is based on Thomas de Cantimpré’s “Liber de natura rerum,” written about 1240.)

[172]. E. F. F. Chladni, “Neues Verzeichniss der herabgefallenen Stein- und Eisenmassen,” p. 17; Gilbert’s Annalen der Physik, vol. 1. (From copy having MS. notes and emendations by the author.)

[173]. Metallotheca Vaticana, Romæ, 1719, p. 248.

[174]. Ulyssis Aldrovandi, “Museum Metallicum,” pp. 528, 529.

[175]. Fundgruben des Orients, vol. iv, p. 282; Wien, 1814.

[176]. King, “Remarks Concerning Stones said to have Fallen from the Clouds,” London, 1796, p. 26.

[177]. Lieut. Robert E. Peary, “Northward over the ‘Great Ice,’” New York, 1897, vol. ii, pp. 553 sqq.

[178]. Edmund Otis Hovey, “The Foyer Collection of Meteorites,” American Museum of Natural History, Guide Leaflet No. 26, December, 1907, pp. 23–27.

[179]. Henry A. Ward, “Willamette Meteorite”; Proc. Rochester Acad. of Sc., vol. iv, pp. 137–148, plates 13–18.

[180]. Edmund Otis Hovey, “The Foyer Collection of Meteorites,” American Museum of Natural History, Guide Leaflet No. 26, December, 1907, pp. 27, 28.

[181]. See the present writer’s “Diamond and Moissanite; Natural, Artificial and Meteoric,” a lecture delivered at the Twelfth General Meeting of the American Electro-chemical Society in New York City, October 18, 1907; here the literature on this important meteor is fully given. Two other interesting meteorites are described by George F. Kunz and Ernest Weinschenk in the American Journal of Science, vol. xliii, May 1892, pp. 424–426, figures.

[182]. See Henri Moissan, “Étude de la météorite de Cañon Diablo,” Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, vol. cxvi (1893), pp. 288 sqq.; see also his paper on the Ovifak meteorite, Comptes Rendus, vol. cxxi (1895), pp. 483 sqq.

[183]. G. F. Kunz and O. W. Huntington, “On the Diamond in the Cañon Diablo Meteoric Iron and on the Hardness of Carborundum,” American Journal of Science, vol. xlvi, December, 1893.

[184]. George F. Kunz, “On Five American Meteorites,” American Journal of Science, vol. xl, Oct., 1890, pp. 312–323.

[185]. Lazarus Fletcher, in Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th ed., vol. xviii, p. 263; article Meteorites.

[186]. Chladni, op. cit., p. 8.

[187]. Petri Borelli, “Hist. et observ. phys.-med.,” 1676; cited by Chladni, op. cit., p. 20.

[188]. Chladni, op. cit., p. 14; see also Gilbert’s Annalen, vol. xxix, p. 376.

[189]. Chladni, op. cit., p. 19.

[190]. Chladni, op. cit., p. 22.

[191]. See “Nature” for June 23 and July 21, 1910.

[192]. Merrett, “Pinax rerum naturalium Britannicarum,” London, 1667, p. 219.

[193]. “The Works of the Hon. Robert Boyle,” vol. i, p. 244, London, 1744.

[194]. Vol. ii, pp. 335–7, 1820.

[195]. Edward E. Free in Nature, Nov. 3, 1910, No. 2140, vol. lxxxv.

[196]. Arnaldo Faustini, “Gli Eschimesi,” Torino, 1912, p. 41.

[197]. Edward M. Curr, “The Australian Races,” Melbourne and London, vol. iii, p. 29.

[198]. Bellucci, “Il feticismo in Italia,” Perugia, 1907, pp. 17 sqq.

[199]. Harriet Maxwell Converse, “Myths and Legends of the N. Y. State Iroquois,” edited and annotated by Arthur Caswell Parker (Ga-wa-so-wa-neh), New York State Museum Bulletin, No. 125, Albany, 1908, p. 40.

[200]. Adair, “History of the American Indians,” London, 1775, p. 425.

[201]. Frischbier, “Hexenspruch und Zauberbann,” Berlin, 1870, p. 19.

[202]. Ibid., p. 107.

[203]. Hartmann, “Bilder aus Westfalen,” Osnabrück, 1871, p. 144.

[204]. Lund, “Om de Sydamericanske Vildes Steenöxer,” Annaler for Nordisk Oldkyndighed, Copenhagen, 1838–1839, p. 159.

[205]. Rath, in Globus, vol. xxvi, p. 215 (Braunschweig, 1874).

[206]. Koudela and Jetteles in Anthrop. Gesellsch. Wien, vol. xii, p. 159 (1882).

[207]. Quoted by Sir J. E. Tennant in Notes and Queries, vol. v, 1852, p. 121 (No. 119, Feb. 7, 1852).

[208]. “Les Six Voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier,” La Haye, 1718, vol. ii, p. 439; liv. iii, chap. xi.

[209]. Magnusen, “Om en Steenring med Runeindskrift,” Annaler for Nordisk Oldkyndighed, Copenhagen, 1838–1839, p. 133.

[210]. Magnusen, “Om en Steenring med Runeindskrift,” Annaler for Nordisk Oldkyndighed, Copenhagen, 1838–1839, pp. 132–134.

[211]. Brereton, “Travels in Holland, the United Provinces, England, Scotland and Ireland, 1634–1635,” Chetham Soc., London, 1844, p. 41.

[212]. The fossilized horny process of an extinct cuttlefish.

[213]. A. E. Wright and E. Lovett, “Specimens of Modern Mascots and Ancient Amulets of the British Isles,” Folk Lore, vol. xix, 1908, p. 298; Pl. VI, fig. 2.

[214]. Mooney, “The Medical Mythology of Ireland,” Am. Phil. Soc., vol. xxxiv, p. 143, 1887.

[215]. Henderson, “Folk-lore of Northern England,” pp. 185, 186.

[216]. Nilsson, “The Primitive Inhabitants of Scandinavia,” trans. by the author and ed. by Sir John Lubbock, 3d ed., London, 1868, pp. 200, 201.

[217]. Tournier, Bull. de la Soc. d’Anthrop., 1874, p. 386.

[218]. Bull. de la Soc. d’Anthrop., 1860, p. 96.

[219]. Morgan, “Matériaux pour l’hist. primitive,” Paris, 1885, p. 484; Verhandl. Berl. Anthrop. Ges., 1879, p. 300; Von Rosenberg, “Der Malayische Archipel,” Leipzig, 1878, p. 175.

[220]. Semper, “Die Philippinen,” Würzburg, 1869, p. 61.

[221]. Von Siebold, Jr., Verhandl. Berl. Anthrop. Ges., 1878, p. 431.

[222]. Sven Nilsson, “The Primitive Inhabitants of Scandinavia,” trans. by the author and ed. by Sir John Lubbock, 3d ed., London, 1868, p. 199.

[223]. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, vol. x, pp. 255–259.

[224]. Theophrastus’s “History of Stones,” with an English version by John Hill, London, 1746, p. 73.

[225]. Martius, “Unterricht von der Magiæ Naturali,” Leipzig, 1717, p. 290.

[226]. From a fourteenth century Italian MS. translation of the treatise in the author’s library; see fol. 8, recto, col. 2; fol. 9, recto, col. 1; fol. 10, recto, col. 2; fol. 14, verso, col. 1; fol. 17, verso, col. 1; fol. 25, verso, col. 1; fol. 26, verso, col. 1; fol. 26, verso, col. 2; fol. 29, verso, col. 2.

[227]. Regimen sanitatis Salernitanum, ed. Sir Alexander Cooke, Oxford, 1830, p. 125. This edition contains reproductions of many curious woodcuts from the old German editions of Curio, published in 1559, 1568 and 1573.

[228]. Havard, “Histoire de l’orfévrerie,” Paris, 1896, p. 359; Olivier de la Haye, “Poème sur la grande peste de 1348,” verses 3162 sqq.

[229]. Francisci Indiæ, “Hygiphylus sive de febre maligna dialogus,” Veronæ, 1593, pp. 125, 126.

[230]. Dr. B. Jézak, “Aus dem Reiche der Edlesteine,” Prag, 1914, p. 65.

[231]. Kobert, “Ein Edlestein der Vorzeit,” Stuttgart, 1910, p. 36.

[232]. Andrea Matthiolus, “Commentaries sur Discoride,” Lyon, 1642 (written in 1565), p. 538.

[233]. Fühner, “Lithotherapie,” Berlin, 1902, p. 44.

[234]. Braunfels, “Reformation der Apptecken,” Strassburg, 1536, fol. XIV b, XX b.

[235]. Francisci Indiæ, “Hygiphylus, sive de febre maligna dialogus,” Veronæ, 1593.

[236]. Op. cit. pp. 115 sqq.

[237]. Op. cit., p. 116.

[238]. Op. cit., pp. 118–122.

[239]. Boyle, “On the Usefulness of Experimental Philosophy,” Oxford, 1664, p. 108.

[240]. Johannis Wolffii, “Curiosus amuletorum scrutator,” Francofurti et Lipsiæ, 1692, p. 564.

[241]. J. B. Silvatici, “Controversiæ medicæ,” Francofurti, 1601, p. 223.

[242]. Axel Garboe, “Kunsthistoriske Studier over Ædelstene,” Kjbenhavn og Kristiania, 1915, p. 254.

[243]. See Axel Garboe, “Kulturhistoriske Studier over Ædelstene, med særligt Henbilk paa det 17. Aarhundrede,” Kjbenhavn og Kristiania, 1915, pp. 141 sqq.

[244]. U. F. B. Brückmann, “Abhandlung von Edelsteinen,” Braunschweig, 1757, pp. 4, 5 of preface.

[245]. John and Andrew Van Rymsdyk, “Museum Brittanicum,” 2 ed. revised and corrected by P. Boyle, London, 1791, p. 51.

[246]. Fernie, “Precious Stones for Curative Wear,” Bristol, 1907, p. 256.

[247]. Von Hovorka and Kronfeld, “Vergleichende Volksmedizin,” Stuttgart, 1908, vol. i, p. 355. Communication of Dr. Christof Hartungen, Jr.

[248]. Damigeron, “De lapidibus,” ed. Abel, Berol., 1881, p. 177.

[249]. Plinii, “Naturalis historia,” lib. xxxvi, cap. 54.

[250]. Orphei, “Lithica,” ed. Abel, Berol., 1881, vs. 610 sqq.

[251]. Pselli, “De lapidum virtutibus,” ed. Bemond, Lug. Bat., 1745, p. 10.

[252]. Konrad von Megenberg’s fourteenth century version, “Buch der Natur,” ed. by Dr. Franz Pfeiffer, Stuttgart, 1861, p. 436.

[253]. Andreæ Baccii, “De Gemmis et Lapidibus Pretiosis” (Latin version by Wolfgang Gabelchover of the Italian original), Francofurti, 1603, pp. 100, 101, Note of Gabelchover.

[254]. Johannis Braunii, “De Vestitu Sacerdotum Hebræorum,” Amstelodami, 1680, pp. 672–3.

[255]. Belucci, “Catalogue de l’Exposition de la Société d’Anthropologie” (Ex. de 1900), pp. 278–279.

[256]. Severus Sammonicus, “Preceptes médicaux,” text and trans. by L. Baudet, Paris, 1845, pp. 76, 77.

[257]. Gratii Falisci, “Cynegeticon”; collection des auteurs Latin, ed. Nizard, vol. xvi, Paris, 1851, p. 786, lines 401–405.

[258]. Garbe, “Die indische Mineralien”; Naharari’s “Rajanighaṇṭu,” Varga XIII, Leipzig, 1882, p. 76.

[259]. Lémery, “Cursus Chymicus,” Latin version by De Rebecque, Geneva, 1681, p. 338.

[260]. Johannes Wittichius, “Bericht von den wunderbaren Bezoardischen Steinen,” Leipzig, 1589, p. 56, cited in Axel Garboe’s “Kunsthistoriske Studier over Ædelstene,” Kobenhavn og Kristiania, 1915, p. 98.

[261]. “Histoire critique des practiques superstitieuses; par un prétre de l’Oratoire,” Paris, 1702, p. 326.

[262]. Hovorka and Kronfeld, “Vergleichende Volksmedizin,” Stuttgart, 1908, vol. i, p. 107.

[263]. Rose, “Aristoteles De lapidibus und Arnoldus Saxo,” in Zeitsch. für D. Alt., New Series, vol. vi, pp. 378, 379.

[264]. Garbe, “Die indische Mineralien”; Naharari’s “Rajanighaṇṭu,” Varga XIII, Leipzig, 1882, p. 80.

[265]. “Oriental Accounts of the Precious Minerals,” trans. by Raja Kalikishan, with remarks by James Prinsep; Journ. Asiat. Soc. of Bengal, vol. i, Calcutta, p. 354.

[266]. See Pinder, “De adamante,” Berolini, 1829, p. 66.

[267]. Johannis Braunii, “De Vestitu Sacerdotum Hebræorum,” Amstelodami, 1680, p. 659.

[268]. Garbe, “Die indische Mineralien”; Naharari’s “Rajanighaṇṭu,” Varga XIII, Leipzig, 1882, p. 76.

[269]. The emerald of Mexico was evidently the jade or the piedra del hijada.

[270]. Gabriel Colin, “Avenzoar, sa vie et ses œuvres,” dissertation for doctorate in Univ. of Paris, 1911, pp. 164, 165.

[271]. Claudii Galeni, “Opera omnia,” ed. Kühn, Lipsiæ, 1826, vol. xii, pp. 195, 196; De simplic. med., lib. vii, cap. 2.

[272]. Plinii, “Historia Naturalis,” lib. xxxvi, cap. 38.

[273]. “Lithica,” lines 636 sqq.

[274]. Avicennæ, “Liber canonis,” Basileæ, 1556.

[275]. Aldrovandi, “Museum metallicum,” Bononiæ, 1648, p. 965.

[276]. Monardes, “Delle cose che vengono portate dall’Indie Occidentali,” Venetia, 1575, Bk. II, chap. XIV, p. 46.

[277]. T’ang Jung-tso, “Yü-shuo” (a discourse on jade), trans. by Stephen W. Bushell; Investigations and Studies in Jade, The Bishop Collection, New York, 1900, pp. 329, 330.

[278]. Jacobi Wolff, “Curiosus amuletorum scrutator,” Francofurti et Lipsiæ, 1692, pp. 218, 219; citing principally, Bartholini, “De lapide nephritico.”

[279]. Axel Garboe, “Kulturhistoriske Studier over Ædelstene, med særligt Henblik paa det 17. Aarhundrede,” Kobenhavn og Kristiania, 1915, pp. 204, 205; citing Caspar Bertholini, “De lapide nephritico opusculum,” 1628.

[280]. Johannes de Laet, “De gemmis et lapidibus libri duo,” Lugduni Batavorum [1647], p. 84.

[281]. “Sammlung von Natur und Medicin-wie auch hierzu gehörigen Kunst- und Litaratur-Geschichten,” Breslau, 1726, p. 262.

[282]. Cleandro Arnobio, “Tesoro delle Gioie,” Venetia, 1602, pp. 139–141.

[283]. “Les Lapidaires,” etc., F. de Mély, vol. i, Les lapidaires chinois, Paris, 1896, p. 178.

[284]. Martius, “Beiträge zur Ethnographic und Sprachkunde Amerika’s zumal Braziliens,” Leipzig, 1867, vol. i, p. 729.

[285]. Grombtchewski, Berichte der Geog. Gesellschaft zu St. Petersburg, vol. xv, p. 454 (1889).

[286]. Alexandri Tralliani, “De medicamentis,” Basileæ, 1556, p. 593.

[287]. Revue Archêologique, 3rd ser., vol. i, pp. 299 sqq.

[288]. Gesneri, “De figuris lapidum,” Tiguri, 1565, fol. 113, verso.

[289]. “Gemmarum et lapidum historia,” Lugd. Bat., 1636, pp. 251–3.

[290]. Bellucci, “Il feticismo primitivo in Italia,” Perugia, 1907, pp. 87–90.

[291]. Claudii Galeni, “Opera omnia,” ed. Kühn, Lipsiæ, 1826, vol. xii, p. 207; De simplic. med., lib. vii, cap. 2.

[292]. Nicandri, “Theriaka,” Parisiis, 1557, p. 2.

[293]. Plinii, “Naturalis historia,” lib. xxxvi, cap. 34.

[294]. Bartholomæi Anglici, “De proprietatibus rerum,” London, Wynkyn de Worde, 1495, lib. xvi, cap. 48; De gagate.

[295]. Johannis Baptistæ Portæ “Phytognomica,” Francofurti, 1591, pp. 170, 171.

[296]. Ibn el Beithar, “Traité des simples;” French trans. of L. Leclerc in “Notices et Extraits de MSS. de la Bib. Nat.,” etc., vol. xxiii, Pt. 5, Paris, 1877, pp. 418, 419.

[297]. “Der Römisch Kaiserlichen Akademie der Naturforscher ... Abhandlung, Siebenter Theil,” Nürnberg, 1759, p. 90.

[298]. Erman, “Zaubersprüche für Mutter und Kind,” Philosophische und Historische Abhandlungen der König. Pr. Akad. d. Wissenschaften, 1901, Berlin, p. 9.

[299]. “Papyrus Ebers, Die Maase und das Kapitel über die Augenkrankheiten,” by Georg Ebers. In the Abhandl. d. phil. hist. Klasse der Königl. sächs. Gesell. d. Wissenschaften, vol. xi, Leip., 1890, p. 318.

[300]. Dioscorides, “De materia medica,” lib. v, cap. 106.

[301]. Braunfels, “Von Edelsteinen,” Strassburg, 1536, fol. xlviii, a.

[302]. De Boot, “Gemmarum et lapidum historia,” Lug. Bat., 1636, p. 264, lib. ii, cap. 113.

[303]. Ibid., loc. cit.

[304]. Höfler, “Volksmedizin und Aberglaube,” München, 1893, pp. 38, 39.

[305]. Konrad von Megenberg “Das Buch der Natur,” ed. by Dr. Franz Pfeiffer, Stuttgart, 1861, p. 452.

[306]. Dugdale, “Monasticon Anglicanum,” London, 1819, vol. ii, pp. 184, 185; also extract from Cotton MS., Nero D vii, on p. 217.

[307]. De vit. abbot.

[308]. Thomas Wright, “On Antiquarian Researches in the Middle Ages,” in Archæologia, vol. xxx, London, 1844, pp. 444–446; cut on page 444.

[309]. Collin de Plancy, “Dictionnaire Infernal,” Bruxelles, 1845, p. 415.

[310]. Plinii, “Naturalis historia,” lib. xxxvii, cap. 10.

[311]. Andreæ Bacii, “De gemmis et lapidibus pretiosis” (Latin translation by Wolfgang Gabelchover of Italian original), Francofurti, 1603, p. 103.

[312]. Wilson, “The Three Ladies of London,” 1584. The three female characters are symbolical or allegorical and are named respectively, Lucre, Love, and Conscience.

[313]. From MS. of Borch’s lectures of 1685, in the Royal Library at Copenhagen, Thottske Collection, 744; cited in Axel Garboe’s “Kulturhistoriske Studier over Ædelstene,” Kobenhavn og Kristiania, 1915, p. 215.

[314]. “Der Römisch Kaiserlichen Akademie der Naturforscher ... Abhandlungen, Siebenter Theil,” Nürnberg, 1759, pp. 162, 163.

[315]. Valmont de Bomare, “Dictionnaire raisonné universel,” Paris, 1775, vol. iii, p. 118.

[316]. Walsh, “Curiosities of Popular Customs,” Philadelphia, 1911, p. 624.

[317]. MacCulloch, “Religion of the Ancient Celts,” Edinburgh, 1911, p. 332.

[318]. Garbe, “Die indische Mineralien”; Naharari’s “Rajanighaṇṭu,” Varga XIII, Leipzig, 1882, p. 83.

[319]. Johannis Braunii, “De vestitu sacerdotum Hebræorum,” Amstelodami, 1680, p. 659; citing pseudo-Dioscorides.

[320]. Aldrovandi, “Museum metallicum,” Bononiæ, 1648, p. 972.

[321]. Andræ Baccii, “De gemmis et lapidibus pretiosis,” Francofurti, 1603, p. 68. Note of Gabelchover to his Latin version of the original Italian.

[322]. Frederici Jacobi Schallingi, “ΟΦΘΑΛΜΙΑ sive disquisitio hermetico-galenica de natura oculorum,” Erffurdt, 1615, p. 125.

[323]. Garbe, “Die indische Mineralien”; Naharari’s “Rajanighaṇṭu,” Varga XIII, Leipzig, 1882, p. 79.

[324]. See Chapter II, pp. 106–116.

[325]. Anselmi Bœtii de Boodt, “Gemmarum historia,” Hanoviæ, 1609, p. 52.

[326]. Rose, “Aristoteles de lapidibus und Arnoldus Saxo,” Zeitschr. für d. Alt., New Series, vol. vi, 1875, pp. 373, 374.

[327]. Petra, “Specilegium Solesmense,” Parisiis, 1855, p. 370.

[328]. “Le Grand Lapidaire de Jean de Mandeville.” From the edition of 1561, ed. by J. S. del Sotto, Vienne, 1862, p. 90.

[329]. In Konrad von Megenberg’s “Buch der Natur,” ed. by Dr. Franz Pfeiffer, Stuttgart, 1861, p. 437.

[330]. Erasmi, “Colloquia,” Lipsiæ, 1713, p. 596.

[331]. Aldrovandi, “Museum metallicum,” Bononiæ, 1648, p. 814.

[332]. Lemnii, “De miraculis occultis naturæ,” Francofurti, 1611, pp. 212, 213.

[333]. Mizauld, “Hundert curieuse Kunst-stücke,” in Martius’ “Unterricht von der Magiæ Naturali,” Leipzig, 1717, p. 290.

[334]. Smith, “Jewellery,” London, 1908, p. 151.

[335]. “Anatomy of absurditie,” 1589; p. 40 of Collier’s reprint. Lean’s Collectanes, vol. ii, Pt. II, Bristol, 1903, p. 643.

[336]. Lupton, “One Thousand Notable Things.”

[337]. Encelii, “De re metallica,” Francofurti, 1557, pp. 219, 220.

[338]. Idem, pp. 218, 219. See also p. 121 of the present book.

[339]. Cardani, “De subtilitate,” Basilæ, 1554; lib. vii, p. 211.

[340]. Traité des Simples of Ibn Al-Beithar in “Notices et Extraits des Manuscrits de la Bibliothèque Nationale,” vol. xxiii, pp. 416–417; Paris, 1877.

[341]. Plinii, “Naturalis historia,” lib. xi, cap. 79.

[342]. Encelii, “De re metallica,” Francofurti, 1557, p. 218.

[343]. Lemnii, “De miraculis naturæ,” Francofurti, 1611, p. 213.

[344]. Ibid., lib. xxxvii, cap. 56.

[345]. Ibid., lib. xxix, cap. 38.

[346]. Ibid., lib. xxxvii, cap. 60.

[347]. Danielis Sennarti, “Epitome naturalis scientiæ,” Francofurti, 1650, lib. v, cap. 4, pp. 438, 439; citing Scaliger, Exercit. 112.

[348]. G. Rollenhagen, “Wahrhaffte Lügen von Geistlichen und Naturalichen Dingen,” Wahrenberg, 1680, p. 93.

[349]. Plinii, “Naturalis historia,” lib. xxxvii, cap. 56.

[350]. Leonardi, “Speculum lapidum,” Venetia, 1502, fol. xxviii.

[351]. Ibid., fol. xxiv.

[352]. C. Plinii Secundi, “Naturalis historia,” ed. Janus, Lipsiæ, 1880, p. 249, lib. xxx, cap. 11.

[353]. In Konrad von Megenberg’s version “Buch der Natur,” ed. Pfeiffer, Stuttgart, 1861, p. 440.

[354]. Rev. Oswald Cockayne, “Leechdoms, Wortcunning and Starcraft of Early England,” London, 1865, vol. ii, p. 307 (Bk. iii, cap. i, of “Laece Boc”).

[355]. “Naturalis historia,” lib. x, cap. 4, and lib. xxx, cap. 44.

[356]. Theophrasti, “De lapidibus” (Peri lithôn), ed. by John Hill, London, 1746, p. 16; cap. 10; see Hill’s note, pp. 16–19.

[357]. Marbodei, loc. cit.

[358]. Aëtii, Tetrabiblos, Basileæ, 1542, p. 77.

[359]. Conradi Gesneri, “De figuris lapidum,” Tiguri, 1565, pp. 142, 143; with figures of ring. Pliny already mentions the callimus, “Naturalis historia,” lib. xxxvi, cap. 39.

[360]. Bauschii, “De lapide ætite,” Lipsiæ, 1665, p. 64.

[361]. Ibid., p. 9.

[362]. Ibid., pp. 9, 10.

[363]. Ibid., pp. 11, 12.

[364]. Albert Hartshorne, F.S.A., in Proceedings of Society of Antiquaries of London, Sec. Series, vol. xxii, p. 517, May 27, 1909.

[365]. MS. 8356 of the Bibliothèque Nationale, f. LXXII, verso.

[366]. F. de Mély La Grande Encyclopédie, vol. xxvi, p. 884.

[367]. Julius Ruska, “Das Steinbuch des Aristoteles,” Heidelberg, 1912, p. 4, citing Petermann, “Reisen im Orient,” vol. ii, p. 132.

[368]. Bellucci, “Il feticismo in Italia,” Perugia, 1907, p. 94, note. (Figures on pp. 94 and 95.)

[369]. Lacroix, “Minéralogie de la France,” Paris, 1893–1910, vol. iii, p. 399.

[370]. Lemnii, “De miraculis naturæ,” Francofurti, 1611, p. 213.

[371]. In Konrad Von Megenberg’s version, “Buch der Natur,” ed. by Dr. Franz Pfeiffer, Stuttgart, 1861, p. 435.

[372]. The writer erroneously derives the name from the Latin verb allectare, the true derivation being from the Greek ἀλέκτωρ, a cock.

[373]. Guiffrey, “Inventaires du Duc de Berry,” vol. i, p. 166.

[374]. Julius Ruska, “Das Steinbuch aus der Kosmographie des Muhammad ibn Mahmud al-Kazwînî,” Beilage to the Jahresbericht of the Oberrealschule, Heidelberg, 1895–96, p. 15.

[375]. Chabœuf, “Charles le Téméraire à Dijon,” 1474; in Mém. de la Soc. burg. géog. et hist., vol. xviii, p. 137.

[376]. Monardes, “Semplicium medicamentorum ex novo orbe delatorum historia” (Latin version by Clusius), Antverpiæ, 1579, p. 51.

[377]. Valentini, “Museum museorum, oder Vollständige Schau-Bühne,” Frankfurt am Main, 1714, Bk. III, cap. 27, §§ 1, 4.

[378]. W. L. Hildburgh, “Further Notes on Spanish Amulets,” in Folk Lore, vol. xxiv, No. 1, p. 70, March 31, 1913. Sec. Plate I, Fig. 27.

[379]. Encelii, “De re metallica,” Francofurti, 1557, p. 219.

[380]. See text in Axel Garboe’s “Kulturhistoriske Studier over Ædelstene,” Kjbenhavn og Kristiana, 1915, p. 56, note from Simon Paulli, “Quadripartitum botanicum,” Argentorati, 1667, p. 163.

[381]. Oswaldus Crollius, “Basilica chymica,” Frankfurt, 1623, p. 213.

[382]. “Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier,” Pt. II, Paris, 1678, p. 470; liv. ii, chap. 24.

[383]. Williamson, “Catalogue of the Collection of Jewels and Precious Works of Art, the Property of J. Pierpont Morgan,” London, 1910, pp. 12–14.

[384]. Caspar Neumann, “Disquisitio de ambra grysea,” Dresden, 1736, pp. 80, 81.

[385]. Gimma, “Della storia naturale delle gemme,” Napoli, 1730, vol. i, p. 479.

[386]. Christiani Mentzelii, “Lapis Bononensis,” Bilefeldiæ, 1675, p. 47.

[387]. Mercati, “Metallotheca Vaticana,” Romæ, 1719, p. 227.

[388]. Plinii, “Historia Naturalis,” lib. xxxvii, cap. 68.

[389]. Ibid., lib. xxxvi, cap. 35. See also Dioscorides V, 155; Ætius II, 19.

[390]. Claudii Galeni, “Opera Omnia,” ed. Kuhn, Lipsiæ, 1826, vol. xii, p. 199. De simplic. med., lib. vii, cap. 2.

[391]. Valentini, “Museum museorum, oder Vollständige Schau-Bühne,” Frankfurt am Main, 1714, lib. i, cap. 24, § 2.

[392]. “Museum Wormianum,” Lug. Bat., 1655, pp. 7–9.

[393]. Aldrovandi, “Museum metallicum,” Bononiæ, 1648, lib. iv, cap. 10, p. 600.

[394]. “Museum Wormianum,” Lug. Bat., 1655, p. 65.

[395]. This is the fossilized horny part of the tail of an extinct cuttlefish, and numerous specimens have been found in the marl of New Jersey as well as in many other places.

[396]. Gesneri, “De figuris lapidum,” Tiguri, 1565, fol. 89, verso, 90, recto.

[397]. Mercati, “Metallotheca Vaticana,” Romæ, 1719, pp. 138–139. Figure on p. 138.

[398]. Andree, “Ethnographische Parallelen und Vergleiche,” New Ser., Leipzig, 1889, p. 33.

[399]. Reichii, “Medicina Universalis” [Vratislaviæ, 1691], p. 76. See Fig. 4, opp. p. 72.

[400]. De Boot, “Gemmarum et lapidum historia,” ed. Toll, Lug. Bat., 1647, p. 410; lib. ii, cap. ccxxvii, and also De Laet, “De gemmis et lapidibus,” Lug. Bat., 1647, p. 138.

[401]. Ibid., p. 300; lib. ii, cap. cxlviii.

[402]. Valentini, “Museum museorum, oder Vollständige Schau-Bühne,” Frankfurt am Main, 1714, vol. ii, p. 11.

[403]. See, in regard to this stone, Oppert, “Der Salâgrâma-Stein,” Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, XXXIV Jahrgang, Berlin, 1902, pp. 131–137.

[404]. Magnusen, “Om en Steenring med Runeindskrift,” Annaler for Nordisk Oldkyndighed, Copenhagen, 1838–1839, p. 133.

[405]. Valentini, “Museum museorum, oder die vollständige Schau-Bühne,” Frankfurt am Main, 1714, vol. ii, p. 12.

[406]. Reichii, “Medicina universalis” [Vratislaviæ, 1691], p. 75. See Fig. 3, opp. p. 72.

[407]. Peringskiold, “Wilkina Saga eller historia on Konung Diedrich of Bern,” Stockholmis, 1715, pp. 57, 58.

[408]. Bellucci, “Il feticismo in Italia,” Perugia, 1907, pp. 100–104.

[409]. Nicolo Monardes, “Delle cose que vengono portate dall’Indie occidentali,” Venetia, 1575, pp. 95–6.

[410]. Ibid., pp. 104–5.

[411]. Caspar Bauhini, “De lapidis bezaaris ortu natura,” etc., Basileæ, 1625, p. 3.

[412]. Museum Brittanicum, John and Andrew van Rymsdyk, London, pp. 50–51.

[413]. De Boot, “De lapidibus,” ed. Toll, Lug. Bat., 1636, p. 367.

[414]. “De lapidibus,” Lug. Bat., 1636, p. 370. See also Mercati, “Metallotheca Vaticana,” Romæ, 1719, p. 179, with figure of stone from hedgehog.

[415]. Aldrovandi, “Museum metallicum,” Bononiæ, 1648, p. 809.

[416]. Ibid., p. 809.

[417]. Ambroise Paré, “Œuvres Complètes,” Paris, 1841, vol. iii, pp. 341, 342.

[418]. Engelberti Kaempferi, “Amœnitatum exoticarum fasc. V,” Lemgoviæ, 1712, pp. 402, 403.

[419]. Andreæ Baccii, “De gemmis et lapidibus pretiosis,” Francofurti, 1603, p. 193; Latin version by Wolfgang Gabelchover of the original Italian.

[420]. Kaempferi, “Amœnitatum exoticarum fasciculi V,” Lemgoviæ, 1712, pp. 400, 401.

[421]. The Tûzuk-i-Jahangiri or memoirs of Jehangir trans. by Alexander Rogers, London, 1909, p. 240; Orient. Trans. Fund, N. S., vol. xix.

[422]. “Voyage d’Ethiopie”; in Lettres édiflantes et curieuses, IV Recueil, Paris, 1713, p. 103.

[423]. De Acosta, “Histoire Naturelle et Morale des Indes,” tr. by Cauxois, Paris, 1600, f. 206 r. and v.

[424]. Von Hammer, “Auszüge aus dem persischen Werke, Buch der Edelsteine, von Mohammed ben Manssur,” in Fundgruben des Orients, vol. vi, p. 134; Wien, 1818.

[425]. Boccone, “Recherches et observations naturelles,” Amsterdam, 1674, pp. 238, 239.

[426]. F. Nix, in Tijdschrift voor Ind. Taal, Land en Volk, vol. v, p. 151.

[427]. Julii Reichelti, “De Amuletis,” Argentorati, 1676, p. 75.

[428]. Mercati, “Metallotheca Vaticana,” Romæ, 1719, p. 175.

[429]. Valentini, “Museum museorum, oder Vollständige Schau-Bühne,” Frankfurt am Main, 1714, bk. iii, cap. 13, §§ 1, 2, p. 446.

[430]. Pancirollus, “The History of Many Memorable Things,” London, 1715, p. 288.

[431]. Ibid., loc. cit.

[432]. R. Verneau and P. Rivet, “Ethnologie ancienne de l’Equateur,” Paris, 1912; vol. vi of Mission du service géologique de l’armée pour la mesure d’un arc de méridien équatorial en Amérique du Sud, 1899–1906, pp. 235, 236; figure (nat. size) on p. 235.

[433]. Historical Manuscripts Commission, MSS. of the Marquis of Salisbury, Pt. V, London, 1894, p. 3.

[434]. Archæologia, vol. xxi, p. 153, London, 1837. From Warrant of Indemnity given by King James I to the guardians of the crown jewels.

[435]. Jahrbuch der kunsthistorischen Sammlungen des allerhöchsten Kaiserhauses, vol. xx, Pt. II, pp. lxv, xcvii, Wien, 1899.

[436]. Figured in Jeweler’s Circular Weekly, Dec. 17, 1913, p. 53; Charles A. Brassler, “Gold Mounted Specimens of Bezoar.”

[437]. Skeat, “Malay Magic,” London, 1900, pp. 274 sqq.

[438]. Chau Ju-Kua, “Chu-fan-chi” (“A Description of Barbarous Peoples”), trans. by Friedrich Hirth and W. W. Rockhill, St. Petersburg, 1911, p. 16, and p. 90, note 7.

[439]. Von Dewall, “Aanteekeningen omtrent de Noordoostkust van Borneo;” Tijdschrift voor Ind. Taal. Land en Volk, vol. iv, p. 436.

[440]. Valmont de Bomare, “Dictionnaire raisonné universel,” Paris, 1773, p. 556.

[441]. Edwards, “History and Poetry of Finger Rings,” New York, 1855, pp. 110, 111.

[442]. “Scientific American,” vol. xv, No. 19, p. 299; November 3, 1866.

[443]. Dr. Learned, “Morocco and the Moors,” 1876, p. 281.

[444]. S. de Vries, “Curieuse Aenmerkingen der byzonderste Oost en West-Indische Verwonderens-waerdige Dingen,” Utrecht, 1682, Pt. II, pp. 912, 913.

[445]. See Ledra Hazlit, M.D., “Hair-balls of the Stomach and Intestines,” Jour. A. M. A., vol. lxii, No. 2, pp. 107–110, with illustration; and G. A. Moore, “Hair Cast of the Stomach with Respect of a Case,” Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, Jan. 1, 1914.

[446]. Plinii, “Naturalis Historia,” lib. xxix, cap. 12.

[447]. Kunz, Dept. of Mining Statistics.

[448]. Johann Turi, “Muittalus samid birra; en bog om Lappernas liv.”; text, and Danish trans. by Emilie Demnant, Kjøbenhavn, 1911, p. 184 (p. 62 of text).

[449]. Tertulliani, “Opera Omnia,” Parisiis, 1879, vol. i, col. 1425, De cultu feminarum.

[450]. “Lithica,” lines 336 sqq.

[451]. The fyrste boke of the introduction of Knowledge made by Andrew Borde of Psysycke Doctore. Ed. by Furnival, London, 1870, p. 121. Early English Text Soc., Extra Series No. X.

[452]. Wirt Sikes, “British Goblins: Welsh Folk-lore, Fairy Myths, Legends and Traditions,” London, 1880, p. 366.

[453]. Julius Ruska, “Das Steinbuch aus der Kosmographie des Muḥammad ibn Mahmud al-Kazwînî,” Beilage to the Jahresberichte of the Oberrealschule, Heidelberg, 1895–96, p. 15.

[454]. Edmond Doutté, “Magie et Religion,” Alger, 1909, p. 145; quoting Largeau, “La Sahara algérienne,” p. 80.

[455]. “Gemmarum et lapidum historia,” Lug. Bat., 1636, pp. 347–349.

[456]. Daniel Wilson, “The Archæology and Prehistoric Annals of Scotland,” Edinburgh, 1851, pp. 303, 304. Two specimens figured on p. 304.

[457]. John Brand, “Observations on the Popular Antiquities of Great Britain,” London, 1849, vol. iii, p. 371.

[458]. Wirt Sikes, “British Goblins: Welsh Folk-Lore, Fairy Myths, Legends and Traditions.” London, 1880, p. 360.

[459]. J. G. Frazer, “Balder the Beautiful,” London, 1913, vol. i, p. 16.

[460]. Arakel, “Livre d’histoire,” chap. liii; in Collection d’historiens armeniens, French transl. by M. Brosset, St. Petersburg, 1874, vol. i, p. 545.

[461]. F. de Mély, “Les lapidaires de l’antiquité et du moyen âge,” vol. i, “Les lapidaires chinois,” Paris, 1896, pp. 237–238.

[462]. “Account of the Snake Stone,” in Lancet, vol. 177, London, July-Dec. 1909, p. 1478.

[463]. “Les six voyages de Jean Baptiste Tavernier,” Pt. II, Paris, 1678, pp. 410, 411; Bk. II, ch. xxiv.

[464]. “The Travels of M. de Thevenot into the Levant,” London, 1686, Pt. III, p. 32; Bk. I, chap. 18.

[465]. Davy, “An Analysis of the Snake-stone,” Asiatic Researches, vol. xiii, p. 318; Kaempfer, “Amoen. Exit.,” pp. 395–397; cited in Yule-Burnell, “A Glossary of Anglo-Indian Colloquial Words and Other Phrases,” London, 1886, pp. 643, 644.

[466]. “Jungle Life in India,” p. 83.

[467]. Redi, “Experimenta,” Amstelodami, 1675, pp. 4–8.

[468]. Edinburgh Philos. Journal, No. 1, p. 147; Philos. Trans., cix, p. 283; and “The Natural History and Properties of Tabersheer,” 1828; Edinburgh Journal, viii, p. 288.

[469]. Jour. de Pharmacies, xxvii, pp. 81, 161, 252; and Phil. Mag., x, p. 229.

[470]. Nature, xxxv, p. 437.

[471]. “Der Tabixir in seiner Bedeutung für die Botanik, Mineralogie, und Physik”; X. Sammlung. Naturwissenschaftlicher Vorträge, Berlin, 1887.

[472]. Tavernier, “Voyages en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes,” Paris, 1718, vol. ii, p. 392; liv. ii, chap. 24.

[473]. Engelberti Kaempferi, “Amœnitatum exoticarum fasciculi V,” Lemgoviæ, 1712, pp. 395, 396.

[474]. Kunz, “Gems and Precious Stones of North America,” 2d ed., New York, 1892, p. 183.

[475]. Rumphius, “D’Amboinsche Rariteitskamer,” Amsterdam, 1741, pp. 303–305.

[476]. “Die Gesta Romanorum,” ed. Wilhelm Dick, Erlangen, 1890, p. 127.

[477]. Dr. H. C. White, “The Chemical and Physical Characters of the So-called ‘Mad-Stones,’” British Association for the Advancement of Science, 73d Report, Meeting of 1903 at Smithfield, London, 1904, p. 605.

[478]. “Lancet,” vol. 164, Jan.-June, 1903, p. 343.

[479]. American Journal of Science, vol. xxxiv, Dec., 1887. See also Kunz, “Gems and Precious Stones of North America,” New York, 1892, p. 144.

[480]. Leipsic, 1866.

[481]. Kohut, loc. cit., p. 25.

[482]. Dictionnaire d’Archéologie Chrétienne, ed. by Dom Fernand Cabrol and Dom H. Leclercq, vol. i, Pt. II, Paris, 1907, col. 2088.

[483]. Ibid., col. 2089.

[484]. Dictionnaire d’Archéologie Chrétienne, ed. by Dom Fernand Cabrol and Dom H. Leclercq, vol. i, Pt. II, Paris, 1907, cols. 2089, 2090.

[485]. Dictionnaire d’Archéologie Chrétienne, ed. by Dom Fernand Cabrol and Dom H. Leclercq, vol. i, Pt. II, Paris, 1907, cols. 2088, 2089.

[486]. Macarius (L’Heureux), “Abraxus seu Apistopistus,” Antwerp, 1657, Plate XIX, No. 78 (Gorlæus, 1695, Pl. CCXVIII, No. 430).

[487]. Zunz, “Die gottesdienstliche Vorträge der Juden,” Berlin, 1832, p. 167. Zunz conjectures that Eleazar of Worms (1176–1238) may have written a portion of this work.

[488]. “Sepher de-Adam Kadmah,” Amsterdam, 1701, fol. 34 verso. The interpretations of the several names are from Schwab’s “Vocabulaire de l’angélologie,” Paris, 1897, except in the case of Ragael, where Schwab gives “angel of the moment.”

[489]. Barrett, “The Magus,” London, 1801, p. 138.

[490]. Weber, “Jüdische Theologie,” 2d ed., Leipzig, 1897.

[491]. Lane, “Arabian Society in the Middle Ages,” ed. by Stanley Lane-Poole, London, 1883, p. 106.

[492]. Schindler, “Der Aberglaube des Mittelalters,” Breslau, 1858, p. 4.

[493]. Peschel, “Völkerkunde,” Leipzig, 1885, p. 272. Quoted from Winwood Reade’s “Savage Africa.”

[494]. Achelis, “Die Martyrologien,” p. 8.

[495]. Parmele, “Tothe-Lore,” reprint from the International Dental Journal, January, 1899, p. 14.

[496]. Symeonis Logothetæ, cognomento Metaphrastæ, “Opera Omnia,” ed. Migne, Parisiis, 1864, vol. iii, col. 315.

[497]. Aldrovandi, “Museum metallicum, Bononiæ,” 1648, p. 653.

[498]. Thoms, “Anecdotes and Traditions,” London, 1839, p. 103 (Camden Soc. Pub.).

[499]. See plate in the present writer’s “Curious Lore of Precious Stones,” J. B. Lippincott Company, 1913, opp. p. 356.

[500]. Mlle. Marie König, “Poupées et légendes de France,” Paris, n. d., pp. 77–80.

[501]. St. Louis Democrat, 1905.

[502]. De Lespinasse, “Les métiers et corporations de la ville de Paris,” Paris, 1892, p. 11.

[503]. Nature, vol. lxxxvi, p. 429; Oct. 6, 1910.

[504]. Bellucci, “Il feticismo in Italia,” Perugia, 1907, pp. 113–119. Figures.

[505]. Pettigrew, “On Superstitions Connected with the History and Practice of Medicine and Surgery,” p. 36. (Quotation from Melton, “Astrologaster,” p. 20.)

[506]. Notes and Queries, 2d Series, vol. viii, London, 1859, p. 242.

[507]. Wehrenfels, “A Dissertation on Superstition,” p. 36; prefixed to “Occasional Thoughts on the Power of Curing the King’s-Evil,” London, 1748.

[508]. Lean’s Collectanea, vol. i, Bristol, 1902, pp. 373–384.

[509]. Johann Joachim Bellermann, “Die Urim und Thummim, die ältesten Gemmen,” Berlin, 1824, pp. 21, 22. For a full account of the breastplate see the present writer’s “The Curious Lore of Precious Stones,” Philadelphia and London, 1913, chap. viii, pp. 275–306.

[510]. Wallace-Dunlop, “Glass in the Old World,” London, n. d., p. 6.

[511]. From “Jewellers’ Circular Weekly,” Nov. 12, 1913.

[512]. Sancti Eusebii Hieronymi “Opera Omnia,” ed. Migne, vol. iv, Parisiis, 1865, cols 543, 544.

[513]. Sometimes believed to be rock-crystal.

[514]. Sancti Eusebii Hieronymi “Opera Omnia,” ed. Migne, vol. iv, Parisiis, 1865, col. 544.

[515]. A stained or colored massive quartz.

[516]. Sancti Eusebii Hieronymi “Opera Omnia,” ed. Migne, vol. iv, Parisiis, 1865, col. 545.

[517]. Ibid. col. 544.

[518]. Konrad von Megenberg’s version, “Buch der Natur,” ed. by Dr. Franz Pfeiffer, Stuttgart, 1861, p. 459.

[519]. The Complete Ceremonies and Procedures Observed at the Coronation of the Kings and Queens of England, London, n. d., p. 28.

[520]. Sanctorum Hildefonsi, Leodegarii, Juliani, “Opera Omnia,” ed. Migne, Parisiis, 1882, coll. 283–318.

[521]. Adolf Furtwängler, “Die Antiken Gemmen,” Berlin, 1900; vol. i, Plate LXVII, Nos. 5, 2; described in vol. ii, p. 309.

[522]. Ibid., vol. i, Plate LXVIII, fig. 8; described in vol. ii, p. 307.

[523]. Op. cit., vol. i, Plate LXVII, in No. 7; described in vol. ii, p. 307.

[524]. Op. cit., vol. I, Plate LXVII, No. 3; described in vol. ii, p. 307.

[525]. Op. cit., vol. i, Plate LXVII, No. 1; described in vol. ii, p. 307.

[526]. Handbuch der Königlichen Museum zu Berlin, Kunstgewerbe Museum, by Julius Lessing, Berlin, 1892, p. 14.

[527]. The Jewellers’ Circular, Wednesday, December 16, 1914, vol. lxix, No. 20, p. 43.

[528]. F. de Mély, “Le Trésor de Chartres 1314–1793,” Paris, 1886, pp. 16–21, 30.

[529]. See C. W. King, “Early Christian Numismatics,” London, 1873, pp. 95–112; “The Emerald Vernicle of the Vatican.”

[530]. Thurston, “History of the Rosary in all Countries,” Journal of the Society of Arts, vol. 1, p. 271; London, 1902.

[531]. Leumann, “Rosaries Mentioned in Indian Literature;” in Trans. of the Ninth Cong. of Orient; (1892), London, 1893, pp. 883–889.

[532]. Inventory of royal treasures in the Château de Fontainebleau, Bibl. Nat. MS. franc. 4732; fol. 3 of transcript in author’s library from the collection of M. E. Molinier.

[533]. Carlos Justi, “Los Arfe”; in España Moderna, vol. 299, November, 1913, pp. 83, 87.

[534]. Mémoires de Madame la Duchesse d’Abrantès, Paris, n. d., vol. 7, p. 447.

[535]. Robert de Berquen, “Les Merveilles des Indes,” Paris, 1661, pp. 87, 32.

[536]. Dr. B. Ježek, “Aus dem Reiche der Edelsteinen,” Prag, 1913, pp. 128–131.

[537]. See G. F. Kunz, “Five Brazilian Diamonds,” Science, vol. iii, p. 649, No. 69, May 30, 1884.

[538]. Heuen Tsang, “Mémoires sur les contrées occidentales,” French trans. by Stanislas Julien, Paris, 1857, vol. i, p. 482.

[539]. “The Saddharma-Pundarîka, or the Lotus of the True Law,” trans. by H. Kern, Oxford, 1884, p. 228.

[540]. See J. Ribeyro, “Histoire de l’Isle de Ceylon,” French trans. of Abbé le Grand, Amsterdam, 1701, pp. 184, 185.

[541]. An account of King Kirti Sri’s embassy to Siam in 1672, Saka (1750 A.D.), trans. from Sinhalese by P. E. Pieris. Extract from Jour. Roy. As. Soc., vol. xviii, No. 54 (1903).

[542]. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of London, vol. xvii, p. 168, illustration.

[543]. Surindro Mohun Tagore, “Mani Mala,” Pt. II, Calcutta, 1881, pp. 573, 601, 703.

[544]. Hendley, “Indian Jewellery,” London, 1909, p. 106; see Major H. H. Cole, “Preservation of the Natural Monuments of India,” Pl. 52.

[545]. “Journal of Sir Thomas Roe, Ambassador of James I to Shah Jehangir, Mogul Emperor of Hindoostan”; in Kerr’s Collection of Voyages and Travels, Edinburgh, 1824, vol. ix, p. 288.

[546]. Von Hammer, “Auszüge aus dem persischen Werke, Buch der Edelsteine, von Mohammed Ben Manssur”; in Fundgruben des Orients, vol. vi, p. 138; Wien, 1818.

[547]. Berthold Laufer, “Jade, a Study in Chinese Archæology and Religion,” Chicago, 1912, p. 157.

[548]. J. Deniker, “The Dalai Lama’s new Tse-boum from Paris,” Century Magazine, vol. lxvii, No. 4, Feb., 1904, pp. 582–583, with illustration.

[549]. Berthold Laufer, “Notes on Turquois in the East,” Field Museum of Natural History, Anthropological Series, vol. xiii, No. 1, Chicago, July, 1913, p. 11.

[550]. “Verdadera historia de los sucesos de la conquista de la Nueva España,” Bib. de Aut. Esp., vol. xxvi, Madrid, 1866, p. 35.

[551]. Dr. Eduard Seler, “Similarity of Design of Some Teotihuacan Frescoes and Certain Mexican Pottery Objects,” in Proceedings of the International Congress of Americanists, XVIII Session, London, 1912; Pt. II, London, 1913, p. 200.

[552]. “Among them that are born of woman there hath not arisen a greater.” Matt. xi, 11.

[553]. “Œuvres du Seigneur de Brantôme,” Londres, 1779, vol. v, pp. 35, 36.

[554]. W. H. Holmes, “Masterpieces of Aboriginal American Art,” II, Mosaic Work; reprint from Art and Archæology, vol. I, no. 3, Nov., 1914; see pp. 96, 97, and Figs. 2 and 3, pp. 92, 93.

[555]. Edward H. Thompson, “The Home of a Forgotten Race”; in The National Geographic Magazine, vol. xxv, No. 6, pp. 585–608; June, 1914.

[556]. Fewkes, “Archæological Investigations on the Island of La Plata, Ecuador,” Field Columbian Museum Pub. No. 56; Anthrop. Ser., vol. ii, No. 5, Chicago, 1901, pp. 266 sqq.

[557]. George F. Kunz, “Gems and Precious Stones of North America,” New York, 1890, pp. 61, 62.

[558]. Karutz, “Der Emanismus,” in Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, 45th Jahrgang, 1913, Heft III, Berlin, 1913, pp. 559, 560.

[559]. Browne, “Pseudodoxia Epidemica,” London, 1650, Bk. II, chap. 5, p. 65.

[560]. Scientific American, June 28, 1913, p. 575.

[561]. Morris Jastrow, Jr., “Die Religion Babyloniens und Assyriens,” vol. I, Giessen, 1905, pp. 335–339.

[562]. Pogue, “The Turquois,” Washington, 1915, citing an article by Sikes, In “Folk-lore,” vol. xii, p. 268, London, 1901.

[563]. Cited by Joseph E. Pogue, in “The Turquois”; Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. xii, pt. ii, Third Memoir, Washington, 1915, p. 13. From Ouseley, “Travels in Various Countries of the East, more Particularly Persia,” London, 1819, vol. i, pp. 210–212.

[564]. Pogue, “The Turquois,” Washington, 1915, citing Petrie “Egyptian Tales, First Series, Fourth to Twelfth Dynasty,” London, 1895, pp. 16–22.

[565]. Budge, “The Mummy,” Cambridge, 1894, pp. 330–331.

[566]. Communicated by Dr. Arthur Fairbanks, Director of the Boston Museum of Fine Arts.

[567]. “Life Work of Sir Peter Le Page Renouf,” vol. vi, Paris, 1907.

[568]. “The Life Work of Sir Peter Le Page Renouf,” vol. iv, Paris, 1907, p. 71.

[569]. Flinders Petrie, “The Arts and Crafts of Ancient Egypt,” Edinburgh and London, 1909, p. 79.

[570]. Carlo Landberg, “Proverbes et dictons de la province de Syrie, Section de Sayda,” Leyden, 1883, pp. 313, 314.

[571]. Oskar Schneider, “Ueber Anschwemmung von antiken Arbeitsmaterial an der Alexandriner Küste,” in “Naturwissenschaftliche Beiträge zur Geographie und Kulturgeschichte,” Dresden, 1883, pp. 4, 5, 6.

[572]. Maçoudi, “Les Prairies d’Or,” text and French trans. by Barbier de Meynard and Pavet de Courteille, vol. ii, Paris, 1863, pp. 436, 437, chap, xxxii.

[573]. Gesenius in his Hebrew Dictionary even conjectures that the lehâshîm may have been shells, which when held to the ear gave forth sounds believed to have an ominous significance.

[574]. Delegation en Perse, vol. viii, Recherches Archéoligiques 3 ème Série, Paris, 1905, pp. 36–58.

[575]. “Curieuse Kunst und Werck-Schul,” Nürnberg, 1705, p. 994.

[576]. Préceptes Médicaux de Serenus Sammonicus, text and trans. by L. Baudet, Paris, 1845, pp. 74–77.

[577]. De Foe, “A Journal of the Plague Year,” London, 1895, p. 38 (vol. ix of Works ed. by Aitken).

[578]. Ms. Gr. No. 2411, fol. 60. See C. Werscher, Bull. de la Soc. Nat. des antiq. de la France, 1874, vol. xxxv, pp. 153 sqq.

[579]. King, “Early Christian Numismatics,” London, 1873, p. 187.

[580]. In the author’s library.

[581]. King, “Early Christian Numismatics,” London, 1873, pp. 229, 230.

[582]. Gregorii Episcopi Turonensis, “Historia Francorum,” ed. Arndt, and Krusch, Para I, Hannoveræ, 1884, p. 349, lib. viii, cap. 33.

[583]. Dictionnaire d’Archéologie Chrétienne, ed. by Dom Fernand Cabrol and Dom H. Leclercq, Fasc. xxv, Paris, 1911, cols. 696–698, with cuts of the talisman taken from those given by E. Aus’m Weertht to illustrate a paper in the Jahrb. des Vereins der Alterthumsfreunde im Rheinlande, vols. xxxix-xl, p. 265–272, Plates IV, V, VI, Bonn, 1866. The original photographs were taken by express permission of Napoleon III.

[584]. Emile Ollivier, “L’Empire Libérale,” Paris, 1897, vol. ii, p. 55.

[585]. Rev. Oswald Cockayne, “Leechdoms, Wortcunning and Starcraft of Early England,” London, 1865, vol. ii, p. 299 (Bk. II, cap. 66 of the “Laece Boc”).

[586]. Renel, “Les religions de la Gaule avant le Christianisme,” Paris, 1906, p. 97.

[587]. See Paul Broca, “Sur la trépanation du crâne et les amulettes crâniennes de l’époque néolitique,” Revue d’Anthropologie, vol. vi, 1877, pp. 1–42, 193–225; and also his “Amulettes crâniennes et trépanation préhistorique” in the same Revue, vol. v, 1876, pp. 106, 107.

[588]. Kumagusu Minakata, “Trepanning among Ancient Peoples,” Nature, Jan. 15, 1914, pp. 555, 556; citing Encyclopædia Britannica, 1910, vol. xiii, p. 518, and E. A. Schiefner, “Tibetan Tales,” trans. Ralston, 1906, p. 98.

[589]. Pierre Lacroix, “Sciences et Lettres au Moyen Age,” Paris, 1877, p. 250.

[590]. Martin, “Histoire de France,” vol. x, Paris, 1844, p. 451, note. From a communication of Pierre Lacroix, citing as authority: “Catalogue des tableaux, antiquités, pierres gravées, etc., etc., du cabinet de feu M. d’Ennery, écuyer,” by Remi and Miliotti, Paris, 1786.

[591]. Birlinger, “Kleinere deutsche Sprachdenkmäler”; in Germania, vol. iii (1863), p. 303.

[592]. Cardani, “De subtilitate,” lib. vii, Basileæ, 1560, p. 473.

[593]. Inventaire des biens de Marguerite de Flandres Duchesse de Bourgogne, Bibl. Nat., coll. Moreau, 1727; on fol. 96 of transcription in author’s library, from the collection of M. E. Molinier.

[594]. Konrad von Megenberg’s old German version “Buch der Natur,” ed. by Dr. Franz Pfeiffer, Stuttgart, 1861, p. 449.

[595]. Cardani, “De rerum varietate,” lib. v, Basileæ, 1557, p. 100.

[596]. Cardani, “Philosophi opera quædam,” Basileæ, 1585, p. 330.

[597]. “Anatomy of Melancholy,” Bk. II, § 4, i, 4.

[598]. Agnes Strickland, “Lives of the Queens of England,” vol. vii, pp. 770, 778.

[599]. Alex. Nicholes, “A Discourse of Marriage and Wiveing,” 1615, Hasl. Misc. II, 180; cited in Lean’s Collectanea, vol. ii, Pt. II, Bristol, 1903, p. 641.

[600]. F. Lalut, “L’amulet de Pascal,” in Annales méd. psych., I ser., vol. v, pp. 157–180; and P. E. Littré, “Médecine et médecins,” Paris, 1872, pp. 95–97.

[601]. “Die Religion in Geschichte und Gegenwart,” ed. by Friedrich Michael Schiele, vol. i, Tübingen, 1909, col. 455.

[602]. Enrico H. Giglioli, “Di alcuni ex-voto amuleti, ed altri oggetti litici adoperati nel culto di Krishna, sotto la forma di Jagan-natha a Puri in Orissa,” Archivio per l’Antropologia, vol. xxiii, pp. 87–89; Firanzi, 1893.

[603]. Berthold Laufer, “Notes on Turquois in the East,” Field Museum of Natural History, Publication 169; Anthropological Series, vol. xiii, No. 1. Chicago, July, 1913; see text opposite frontispiece plate.

[604]. Berthold Laufer, “Jade, a Study in Chinese Archæology and Religion,” Chicago, 1912, pp. 194 sqq.

[605]. Communicated by Dr. Charles S. Braddock, formerly physician to the court of Siam, under date of February 13, 1903.

[606]. Hendley, “Indian Jewellery,” London, 1909, p. 27; Plate XV, Figs. 112, 113.

[607]. L. Austine Waddell, “Lhasa and its Mysteries, with a Record of the Expedition of 1903–1904,” London, 1905, pp. 347, 348.

[608]. Ibid., pp. 348, 349.

[609]. Fortunio Liceti, De annulis, cap. 19.

[610]. Hendley, “Indian Jewellery,” London, 1909, p. 59.

[611]. H. Shway Yoe, “The Burman: His Life and Nations,” in “Indian Jewellery,” by T. H. Hendley. The Journal of Indian Art and Industry, Jan., 1909, vol. xii, No. 105, p. 143.

[612]. Edmond Doutté, “Magie et Religion,” Alger, 1909, pp. 320 sqq.

[613]. Alois Musil, “Arabia Petræa,” Wien, 1908, vol. iii, pp. 314, 315.

[614]. Lean’s Collectanea (by Vincent Stuckey Lean), vol. ii, Pt. I, Bristol, 1903, p. 468.

[615]. Professora Isabel Ramirez Castañeda, “El Folk-Lore de Milpa Alta, D. F., Mexico,” in Proceedings of the International Congress of Americanists, XVIII Session, London, 1912, Pt. II, London, 1913, pp. 352–354.

[616]. Ibid., pp. 356, 357.

[617]. George Grant McCurdy, Ph.D., “A Study of Chiriquian Antiquities,” New Haven, Conn., 1911, p. 42, figs. 45 and 49; Mem. of the Conn. Acad, of Arts and Sciences, vol. iii, March, 1911.

[618]. R. Verneau and P. Rivet, “Ethnologie ancienne de l’Equateur,” Paris, 1912, vol. vi of Mission du service Géologique de l’armée pour la mesure d’un arc de méridien equatorial en Amérique du Sud, 1899–1900, pp. 222, 223, Plate XIII, fig. 4.

[619]. George Frederick Kunz, “Folk-lore of Precious Stones,” Chicago, 1894; reprint from Memoirs of the International Congress of Anthropology; see p. 269.

[620]. George H. Pepper, “The Exploration of a Burial-room in Pueblo Bonito, New Mexico,” Putnam Anniversary Volume, New York, 1909, pp. 229, 230, 236, 237.

[621]. George H. Pepper. The plate is from the “American Anthropologist,” New Series, vol. vii, pl. xvii.

[622]. “The Turquois. A Study of its History, Mineralogy, Geology, Ethnology, Archæology, Mythology, Folklore and Technology.” By Joseph E. Pogue. Third Memoir, vol. xii, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D. C., 1915, 162 p., plates 22, 4to.

[623]. Pogue, “The Turquois,” citing Russell, “The Pima Indians,” in 26th Annual Report of the Bureau of Amer. Ethnology, 1904–1905, p. 112.

[624]. “Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico,” ed. by Frederick Webb Hodge; Smithsonian Inst., Bur. of Am. Ethn., Bull. 30, Pt. II, p. 178; Washington, 1910.

[625]. W. J. Hoffman, “The Midêwiwin, or Grand Medicine Society of the Ojibway”; 7th Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, 1885–86, Washington, 1891, pp. 149–300, with many illustrations.

[626]. Loc. cit., Pl. XI, fig. 7, opp. 220.

[627]. W. J. Hoffman, “The Midêwiwin, or Grand Medicine Society of the Ojibway”; 7th Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, 1885–86, Washington, 1891, p. 277.

[628]. L’Abbé Banier and l’Abbé Mascrier, “Histoire générale des cérémonies, mœurs, et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde,” Paris, 1741, p. 101.

[629]. Free Museum of Science and Art, Bulletin No. 4, Jan., 1898, p. 183 (with figures).

[630]. John Murdoch, “The Point Barrow Eskimo,” 9th Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, 1887–88, Washington, 1892, p. 435.

[631]. Ibid., p. 439, fig. 426.

[632]. Ibid., p. 438; see fig. 425.

[633]. Ibid., p. 439.

[634]. Hans Egede, “A Description of Greenland,” London, 1745, p. 194 (Eng. trans.).

[635]. David Crantz, “The History of Greenland”: London, 1767, vol. i, p. 216 (Eng. trans.).

[636]. Rasmussen, “The People of the Polar North,” Philadelphia, 1908, p. 139.

[637]. Ibid., p. 139.

[638]. J. G. Frazer, “Balder the Beautiful,” London, 1913, vol. ii, p. 155. See also by the same writer, “Folk-lore in the Old-Testament,” in Anthropological Essays, presented to E. B. Tyler, Oxford, 1907, pp. 148 sqq.

[639]. Sir George Grey, “Journals of Two Expeditions of Discovery,” London, 1841, vol. ii, pp. 340, 341.

[640]. Bonney, Journ. of the Anthrop, Inst., vol. xiii, p. 130.

[641]. For further details concerning these strange ornaments, see the writer’s “Curious Lore of Precious Stones,” J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and London, 1913, pp. 87–90.

[642]. Fernie, “Precious Stones for Curative Wear,” Bristol, 1907, p. 39.

[643]. A. E. Wright and E. Lovett, “Specimens of Modern Mascots and Ancient Amulets of the British Isles,” Folk Lore, vol. xix, 1908, p. 293.

[644]. Grey, “Polynesian Mythology,” London, 1855, p. 132.

[645]. Elsdon Best, “The Stone Implements of the Maori,” Dominion Museum Bulletin, No. 4, Wellington, New Zealand, 1912.

[646]. Giglioli, “Materiali per lo studio della Età della Pietra,” Archivio per l’Antropologia e l’Etnologia, vol. xxxi, pp. 79, 80; Firenze, 1901.

[647]. Ibid., pp. 82, 83.

[648]. “Folk Lore,” vol. xxiv, No. 2, July, 1913, Story sent to R. R. Marett by Mr. D. Jenness of Baliol College, Oxford.

[649]. Fraser, “The Golden Bough,” Pt. I, “The Magic Art,” London, 1911, vol. i, p. 164.

[650]. J. G. Frazer, “Balder the Beautiful,” London, 1913, vol. ii, p. 142; citing B. Julg, “Kalmückische Märchen,” Leipzig, 1866, No. 12, pp. 58 sqq.

[651]. W. L. Hildburgh, “Further Notes in Spanish Amulets,” in Folk Lore, vol. xxiv. No. 1, March 31, 1913, pp. 63–74; 2 plates.

[652]. W. L. Hildburgh, “Notes on Spanish Amulets,” Folk Lore, vol. xvii, 1906, pp. 454–472. See Plate VIII, fig. 29, opp. p. 462.

[653]. W. L. Hildburgh, “Further Notes on Spanish Amulets,” in Folk Lore, vol. xxiv, No. 1, p. 66, March 31, 1913; one of those amulets is shown in Plate I, fig. 4, p. 64.

[654]. S. Weissenberg, “Südrussische Amulette,” in Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, 1897, pp. 367–369.

[655]. From Jewellers’ Circular Weekly, Feb. 5, 1913, p. 153.

[656]. A. E. Wright and E. Lovett, “Specimens of Modern Mascots and Ancient Amulets of the British Isles,” Folk Lore, vol. xix, p. 295, Plate V, fig. 1.

[657]. See A. E. Wright and E. Lovett, “Specimens of Modern Mascots and Ancient Amulets of the British Isles,” Folk Lore, vol. xix, 1904, pp. 288–303; citing Bratly, “The Power of Gems and Charms,” London, 1907.

[658]. A, E. Wright and E. Lovett, “Specimens of Modern Mascots and Ancient Amulets of the British Isles,” Folk Lore, vol. xix, p. 303.

[659]. St. Louis Democrat, 1905.

[660]. See the writer’s “The Curious Lore of Precious Stones,” J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and London, 1913, p. 125; also pp. 68, 96.

[661]. Wilhelmus Parisiensis, quoted in Pancirollus, “History of Many Memorable Things,” London, 1715, vol. i, p. 42.

[662]. Benvenuto Cellini, “Due trattati, uno intorno alle otto principali arti dell’ oreficeria,” etc., Fiorenzi, Valenti Panizzi & Marco Peri, 1568, fol. 10.

[663]. Edmond Doutté, “Magie et Religion,” Alger, 1909, pp. 83, 84.

[664]. Berthelot, “Collection des anciens alchemistes grecs,” Paris, 1888, 1889, vol. i, p. 9 of text.

[665]. Roth, “Great Benin, Its Customs, Art and Horrors,” Halifax, England, 1903, p. 95.

[666]. See Wilt’s “History of India,” vol. ii, p. 197. Cited in Lean’s Collectanea, vol. ii, Pt. II, Bristol, 1903, p. 641.

[667]. C. G. Jentsch, “Dissertatio physico-historica de gemmis,” Lipaiæ, 1706, p. 19. See also the present writer’s “The Curious Lore of Precious Stones,” Philadelphia and London, 1913, p. 41.

[668]. Ulloa’s Voyage to South America, trans. of John Adams, in Pinkerton’s Voyages and Travels, vol. xiv, London, 1813, p. 546.

[669]. Pocock’s “Travels in Egypt,” Pinkerton’s “Voyages and Travels,” vol. xv, London, 1814, p. 238.

[670]. See Warren K. Moorehead, “Hematite Implements of the United States,” Bulletin VI of the Department of Archæology, Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass., Andover, 1912.

[671]. Ibid., p. 81, Fig. 41.

[672]. Ibid., p. 91, Fig. 47.

[673]. Note on jade copied from the Tûzuk-i-Jâhangiri, or memoirs of Jahangir, trans. by Alexander Rogers, London, 1909, p. 146; Orient. Trans. Fund, N. S., vol. xix.

[674]. See The Morgan-Whitney Collection of Chinese Jades and other Hard Stones, donated to the Isaac Delgado Museum of Art, City Park, New Orleans, 1914, p. 32; plate opp. p. 33.

[675]. Communicated by Dr. O. C. Farrington.

[676]. See in praise of the moonstone the poem autographed for this work by the poet, Edward Forrester Sutton.

[677]. Petri Servii, “Dissertatio de unguento armario,” Romæ, 1643, p. 43.

[678]. Johann August Donndorf, “Natur und Kunst,” Leipzig, 1790, vol. ii, p. 497.

[679]. Berthold Laufer, “Notes on Turquois in the East,” Chicago, 1913, p. 50, vol. xiii, No. 1, of Anthropological Series of Field Museum of Natural History; citing a translation by MM. Chavannes and Pelliot entitled: “Un traité manichéen retrouvé en Chine,” pub. in Journal Asiatique, 1912.

[680]. “Ancient Accounts of India and China by Two Mohammedan Travellers,” trans. by Abbé Renaudot, London, 1733, p. 96.

[681]. “Ancient Accounts of India and China by Two Mohammedan Travellers,” trans. by Abbé Renaudot, London, 1733, pp. 97, 98.

[682]. See Hakluyt, “The Principal Navigations, Voyages and Discoveries of the English Nation,” London, 1589.

[683]. H. Lyster Jameson, in “Nature,” Oct. 7, 1912.

[684]. See “Nature,” Oct. 24, 1912, p. 220.

[685]. Rumphius, “D’Amboinische Rariteitskamer,” Amsterdam, 1741, p. 62.

[686]. Schiller’s “Werke,” ed. by R. Boxberger, vol. iv, Berlin and Stuttgart, n. d., pp. 179, 180, note; from a communication to the editor by Dr. R. Köhler of Weimar, in illustration of the following lines of Schiller’s “Don Karlos,” Act II, Sc. 8:

Dem grossen Kaufmann gleich

Der, ungerührt von des Rialto’s Gold,

Und Königen zum Schimpfe, seine Perle

Dem reichen Meere wiedergab, zu stoltz

Sie unter ihrem Werte loszuschlagen.

[687]. G. W. Freytag, “Arabum proverbia,” Bonnæ ad Rhenam, 1843, vol. iii, Pt. 1, p. 495.

[688]. Helvetius, “De l’esprit,” vol. ii, p. 17.

[689]. Johannis Braunii, “De Vestitu Sacerdotum Hebræorum,” Amatelodami, 1680, p. 683.

[690]. From a XIII century MS. of his work, “De Proprietatibus Rerum,” fol. clxi, recto and verso. This vellum MS. was originally in the possession of the Carthusian Monastery of the Holy Trinity at Dijon. Now the property of I. Martini of New York.

[691]. Leopold Claremont, “Singhalese Gems,” in The Jeweler and Metalworker, pp. 1936a–1936g, December 15, 1913.

[692]. Abridgment by Von Hammer in the “Fundgruben des Orients,” Wien, 1818, vol. vi.

[693]. Ibid., p. 129.

[694]. Rose, “Aristoteles de lapidibus und Arnoldus Saxo,” in Zeitschr. für Deutsches Altertum, New Series, vol. vi, p. 386.

[695]. Aristophanes, “Clouds,” lines 768 sqq.

[696]. A. R. Tutton, in Society of Arts, London.

[697]. Chalfant, “Early Chinese Writing,” Mem. of Carnegie Museum, vol. iv, No. 1, Pittsburgh, 1906, Pl. VI, No. 75.

[698]. De Mély, “Les lapidaires chinois,” Paris, 1896, p. lxiv.

[699]. Lacroix, “Sur le travail de la pierre polie dans le Haut-Oubangi”; La Géographie, bulletin of the Société de Géographie, Paris, Oct. 15, 1909, pp. 201–206; figures.

[700]. “Sur le travail de la pierre polie dans le Haut-Oubanghi,” Comptes Rendus de l’Acad. d. Sc., vol. cxlviii, 1909, p. 1725.

[701]. Giglioli, “Materiale per lo studio della Età della Pietra,” Archivio per l’Antropologia e l’Etnologia, vol. xxxi, p. 85, Firenze, 1901.

[702]. Communication from Taw Sein Ko.

[703]. Archæologia, vol. xxvii, pp. 175, 207. London, 1838.

[704]. “A Description of the Coasts of East Africa and Malabar in the Beginning of the Sixteenth Century, by Duarte Barbosa, a Portuguese,” trans. by Henry E. Staney, London, 1866, p. 208; Hakluyt Soc. Pub., vol. xxxv.

[705]. Theophrasti, “De lapidibus (Peri lithôn),” ed. by John Hill, London, 1746; cap. 31.

[706]. Garcias ab Orta, “Aromatum historia” (Lat. version by Clusius), Antverpiæ, 1579, lib. i, p. 175.

[707]. Finot, “Les lapidaires indiens,” Paris, 1896, p. 39, from the “Ratnaparikha” of Buddhabhatta.

[708]. Ribeiro’s “History of Ceylon,” tr. by P. E. Pieris, Galle, n. d., Pt. II, p. 317.

[709]. Cardani, “Philosophi opera quædam lectu digna,” Basileæ, 1585, p. 329.

[710]. Eilhard Wiedmann, “Ueber den Wert von Edelsteinen bei den Muslimen,” in “Der Islam,” vol. ii, 1911, pp. 347 sqq.

[711]. Garbe, “Die indische Mineralien; Naharari’s Rajanighantu, Varga XIII,” Leipzig, 1882, p. 79.

[712]. J. H. Collins, “The History of a Remarkable Gem. The Maxwell-Stuart Topaz.” Mineralogical Magazine No. 13, 1879.

[713]. Berthold Laufer, “Notes on Turquois in the East.” Field Museum of Natural History, Anthropological Series, vol. xiii, No. 1, Chicago, July, 1913, pp. 5, 8.

[714]. The Tûzuk-i-Jâhangîrî, or memoirs of Jahangir, trans. by Alexander Rogers, London, 1909, p. 238; Orient. Trans. Fund, N. S., vol. xix.

[715]. M. Tullii Ciceronis, “In Verrem,” lib. iv, Oratio nona, cap. 27.

[716]. Marshall H. Saville in the American Anthropologist, vol. xv, No. 3, July-September, 1913.

[717]. R. Campbell, “The London Tradesman,” London, 1747, p. 143.

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

  1. Silently corrected obvious typographical errors and variations in spelling.
  2. Retained archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings as printed.