P.
Paradeigmatic inference, [198]; see [Example].
Paradoxa, a variety of Adoxa, [269].
Paralogisms, Scientific, [267], [380]; see [Fallacies].
Parmenides, eliminated Non-Ens, [136]; uses equivocal names as univocal, [414]; his doctrine of Absolute Ens, [436], [551]; not a dialectician, [551]; made intelligence vary with sense, [588].
Paronymous things, [57].
Part, relation of, to Whole, with a view to Definition, [601].
Particular, The, notius nobis compared with the Universal, [196]; inferiority of, to the Universal, [231].
Passion, Pati, Category, [65], [73].
Peirastic, given as one of the four species of debate, [377]; really a variety or aspect of Dialectic, [377], [379].
‘Peplus,’ work of Aristotle’s, [32].
Perception, sensible, see [Sensation].
Pergamus, kings of, their library, [36].
Peripatetics, origin of the title, [7].
Phæstis, mother of Aristotle, [2]; directions for a bust to, in Aristotle’s will, [19].
Phanias, disciple of Aristotle, knew logical works of his now lost, [56]; wrote on Logic, [56].
Phantasy, nature of, [475]; distinguished from Memory, [475]; indispensable to, and passes by insensible degrees into, Cogitation, [479], [484], [485].
Philip of Macedon, chose Aristotle as tutor to Alexander, [5]; destroyed Stageira, [6].
Philosopher, The, distinguished from the Dialectician, [354], [584]; also from the Sophist, [584].
Philosophy, First, usual name for Science of Ens quatenus Ens, [59], [422], [584]; see [Ontology].
Phokion, at the head of the Athenian administration under Alexander, [12]; ineffectually opposed anti-Macedonian sentiment after Alexander’s death, [12].
Physica, relation of the, to the Metaphysica, [54], [422].
Physics, theoretical science, subject of, [423], [593], [630].
Pindar, subject of his Odes, [13].
Place, in Dialectic, [283]; none outside of the Heaven, [636].
Planets, number of the spheres of, [626]; do not twinkle, why, [645]; see [Stars].
Plato, much absent from Athens, between 367-60 B.C., [4]; died, 347 B.C., [4]; corresponded with Dionysius, [7]; Aristotle charged with ingratitude to, [20]; attacked with Aristotle by Kephisodorus, [24]; ancients nearly unanimous as to the list of his works, [27], [42]; his exposure of equivocal phraseology, [58]; fascinated by particular numbers, [74]; on Relativity, [84]; his theory of Proposition and Negation, [135], [427]; called for, but did not supply, definitions, [141]; his use of the word Syllogism, [143]; relied upon logical Division for science, [162]; opposed Science (Dialectic) to Opinion (Rhetoric), [208], [263]; explained learning from Reminiscence, [212]; his view of Noûs as infallible, [260]; character of his dialogues, [264]; recognized Didactic, but as absorbed into Dialectic, [264]; his use of the word Sophist, [376]; his psychology (in the Timæus), [446]-9, [451], [461]; first affirmed Realism, [552]; his Ontology and theory of Ideas, [553] seq., see [Ideas]; held Sophistic to be busied about Non-Ens, [593]; his scale of Essences, [595], [620]; his assumption of a self-movent as principium, [623]; held that the non-generable may be destroyed, [637], [639]; on the position of the Earth, [649]; in his Protagoras anticipated Epikurus, [654]; admitted an invincible erratic necessity in Nature, [657]; ethical purpose of, [662].
‘Plato and the other Companions of Sokrates,’ subject of the work, [1]; referred to, on subject of the Platonic Canon, [27].
Platonists, their view of Essences as Numbers, [611]; see [Ideas].
Plotinus, censured Categories of the Stoics, [100], [563]; his list of Categories, [102], [563].
Plurium Interrogationum ut Unius, Fallacia, [389]; how to solve, [413].
Plutarch does not appear to have known the chief Aristotelian works, [31]; authority for story of the fate of Aristotle’s library, [35].
Poetic, place of, in Aristotle’s philosophy, [54]; modes of speech entering into, [111], [130].
Ποιόν, see [Quality].
Political Science, the Supreme Science, [449].
Politics, place of in Aristotle’s philosophy, [54]; Aristotle’s Treatise on, [539]; founded on the Republic of Plato, [539]; his conception of a republic, [539].
Porphyry, disposed works of Plotinus in Enneads, [44]; his Eisagoge, [73], [101], [552]; rejected last paragraph of De Interpretatione, [134]; his statement of the question as to Universals, [552], [564]; defended Aristotle’s Categories against Plotinus, [563].
Ποσόν, see [Quantity].
Possible, The, as a Mode affecting Antiphasis, [127]; relation of, to the Necessary, [127], [205]; three meanings of, given by Aristotle, [128]; effective sense of, [129], [133], [205], [617], [638]; truly a Formal Mode of Proposition, [131]; gradations in, [205].
Poste, Mr., upon Aristotle’s proof that Demonstration implies indemonstrable truths, [229]; on the Theory of Fallacies, [383].
Posterius, different senses of, [105]; as between parts and whole, [601]-603.
Post-prædicamenta, [79], [80], [104].
Postulate, as a principle of Demonstration, [220].
Potentiality (Power) as opposed to Actuality, [128], [456], [615] seq.; varieties of, [613].
Prædicament, see [Categories].
Predicables, four in Aristotle, five in later logicians, [276]; quadruple classification of, how exhaustive, [276]; come each under one or other of the Categories, [277].
Predicate, in a proposition, [109]; to be One, [120]; called Term in Analytica, [141].
Predication, essential and non-essential, Aristotle’s mode of distinguishing, [63], [64].
Premisses of Syllogism, [148]; how to disengage for Reduction, [164]; involving qualification, [166]; false, yielding true conclusion, [172]; contradictory, yielding a conclusion in Second and Third figures, [175]; necessary character of, in Demonstration, [215]; in Dialectic, [227].
Principles of Science, furnished only by Experience, [162], [257]; knowable in themselves, but not therefore innate, [178], [256]; what, common to all, [212], [215]; maintained by Aristotle to be indemonstrable, [215], [228]; general and special, [236], [578]; development of, [256]; known by Noûs upon Induction from particulars, [259], [562], [577]; discussed by First Philosopher, and by Dialectician, [575].
Principii Petitio, Fallacy of, [156], [176]; in Dialectic, [367], [371]; in Sophistic, [388]; how to solve, [412].
Prius, different senses of, in Post-præedicamenta, [105]; in Metaphysica Δ, [106]; Aristotle often confounds the meanings of, [106]; as between parts and whole, [601]-603.
Privatio and Habitus, case of Opposita, [104], [105].
Προαίρεσις, definition of, [526].
Probabilities, Syllogism from, [202].
Probable, The, true meaning of, in Aristotle, [269].
Problematical proposition, The, a truly formal mode, [131].
Problems, for scientific investigation, [238]; identical, [253]; in Dialectic, [273].
Prokles, second husband of Aristotle’s daughter, [20].
Proof (τεκμήριον) distinguished from Sign, [203].
[Propositions], subject of De Interpretatione, [57], [109]; Terms treated by Aristotle with reference to, [59]; Ens divided with reference to, [59]; defined, [109]; distinguished in signification from Terms, [109], [110], also from other modes of significant speech, [111], [130]; Simple, Complex, [111]; Affirmative, Negative, [111], [122]; Contradictory (pair of, making Antiphasis), Contrary, [111], [124], [134]; Universal, Singular, [111]; about matters particular and future, [113]; in quaternions illustrative of real Antiphasis, [118] seq.; subject of, and predicate of, to be each One, [125]; function of copula in, [126]; Simple Assertory, Modal (Possible or Problematical and Necessary), [127] seq.; subjective and objective aspects of, [131]; Aristotle’s theory of, compared with views of Plato and others, [135]; summarized, [139]; how named in Analytica, [141]; named either as declaring, or as generating, truth, [141]; formally classified according to Quantity in Analytica, [142]; Universal, double account of, [142]; Conversion of, taken singly, [144]; rules for Conversion of Universal Negative, Affirmative, &c., [144] seq.; comparison of, as subjects of attack and defence, [156]; Indivisible or Immediate, and Mediate — modes of error with regard to, [224] seq.; as subject-matter of Dialectic, [273]; classified for purposes of Dialectic, [276].
Proprium, one of the Predicables, [276]; thesis of, hardest, after Definition, to defend, [285], [353]; dialectical Loci bearing on, [313] seq.; ten different modes of, [321].
Πρός τι, see [Relation].
Protagoras, his doctrine, “Homo Mensura� impugned by Aristotle as adverse to the Maxim of Contradiction, [430] seq., [587] seq.; true force of his doctrine, [431]; misapprehended by Aristotle and Plato, [432].
Πρότασις, name for Proposition in Analytica, [141].
Proxenus, of Atarneus, guardian of Aristotle at Stageira, [3]; mentioned in Aristotle’s will, [19].
Pseudographeme or Scientific Paralogism, [267]; or pseudographic syllogism, [380].
Psychology, relation of, to Logic, [110]; summary of Aristotle’s, [493].
Pythagoras, disregarded experience, [436]; see [Pythagoreans].
[Pythagoreans] had a two-fold doctrine — exoteric and esoteric, [52]; fascinated by particular numbers, [74]; their view of the soul, [449]; went astray in defining from numbers, [603]; ascribed perfection and beauty to results, not to their originating principles, [625]; said the Universe and all things are determined by Three, [630]; recognized Right and Left in the Heaven, [610]; erred in calling ours the upper hemisphere and to the right, [640]; affirmed harmony of the spheres, [646]; placed Fire, not Earth, at the centre of the Kosmos, [648]; made the Earth and Antichthon revolve each in a circle, [648].
Pythias, wife of Aristotle, [5], [17], [20]; daughter of Aristotle, [17]-19.