FOOTNOTES:

[1] Story of Chaldea, 260.

[2] Revue Archæol., 1857.

[3] Rawnsley, Notes for the Nile. London and New York, 1892.

[4] Ancient Egypt, American edition, i., 106, 107.

[5] Karpeles, Gesch. der Litt. des Orient., i., 10.

[6] Karpeles, i., 11.

[7] Middle Kingdom, i., p. 603.

[8] Encyclopædia Britannica, article “China.”

[9] Karpeles, i., 12.

[10] Karpeles, i., 12.

[11] Middle Kingdom, i., 600.

[12] Middle Kingdom, i., 574.

[13] Middle Kingdom, i., 526.

[14] Karpeles, i., 23.

[15] Prof. J. P. Peters, Journal of the Exegetical Society, 1887, 116, 117.

[16] Renouard, Traité des Droits d’Auteurs, i., 15.

[17] Sanhedrim, c. xiv., 5.

[18] Étude sur la Propriété Littéraire chez les Grecs et chez les Romains, par Paul Clement, Grenoble, 1867.

[19] Du Droit de Perpétuité de la Propriété Intellectuelle, par Adolphe Breulier.

[20] Schriftsteller und Buchhändler in Athen, und im übrigen Griechenland, von Wilhelm Schmitz, Heidelberg, 1876.

[21] Essai sur les Livres dans l’Antiquité, par H. Géraud, Paris, 1840.

[22] Jevons, Hist. Greek Lit., 42 et seq.

[23] Evans found in Crete, in 1893, examples of script, believed to be the work of scribes of Greek stock, of a much earlier date.

[24] Herod., vi., 27.

[25] Jevons, Greek Lit., p. 45.

[26] Greek Literature, 51. The word is by some authorities derived from ῥάβδος a staff,—just as we have a stave in music. Rhapsodists would thus mean men of the stave; ῥάβδος also (according to Liddell and Scott, edited by Drisler) means grammatically a line or a verse and ῥαψῳδία would mean a division of a poem for recitation.

[27] Plato, Phædo.

[28] Ritschl. Philolog. Schriften, Bd. 1.

[29] Social Greece, 10.

[30] Social Greece, 14.

[31] Le Droit des Auteurs, 16.

[32] Rozoir, Dictionnaire de la Conversation, Art. “Plagiaire.”

[33] The Frogs, v. 939 et seq.

[34] Scholia ad Equites, v. 528 et 1291.

[35] Bayle, Dicty., Art. “Theopompus.”

[36] Attic Nights, Book iii., Chap. 17.

[37] Dict. de la Convers., art. “Plagiaire.”

[38] De Archit., liv. vii. Preface.

[39] Oeuvres, ii., Part 2, p. 518.

[40] From the Latin version of Breulier, Clement, II.

[41] Travels of Anacharsis the Younger, vi., 91.

[42] Pseudo-Plutarch, Vitæ dec. Orat.-Isocrates, c. viii.

[43] Phædrus, 274.

[44] Diogenes Laërtius, iii., 6, and Bergk. Griech. Literatur Gesch., 218.

[45] Ad Att., xiii., 21.

[46] Poet., xv., and Poli., viii., 541.

[47] Stahr, Aristotle, 67.

[48] Gellius, N. A., xx. 5. Plutarch, Alexander, c. vii.

[49] Zeller, Philos. d. Griechen, ii., 112, 119.

[50] Bruns, Die Testamente der Griech. Philos., cited by Birt, 437.

[51] Lucian, Herodotus, c. i. and ii.

[52] Plutarch, Herodotus, c. 26.

[53] D. Chrysost., op. xxxvii., t. ii., 103.

[54] Plutarch, i., c. 31.

[55] History of Federal Government, i., 37.

[56] Einleitung zu Herodot., 13 ff.

[57] Thucydides, I, c. 22.

[58] Marcellinus, 43.

[59] Diog. Laërtius, ii., 57.

[60] Birt, 475.

[61] Athenæus, i., 4.

[62] Gellius, vii., c. 17.

[63] Plut., Vit., Antonius, c. 58.

[64] Stahr, Aristotle, 45.

[65] Athenæus, i., 4.

[66] Stahr, Aristotle, 70.

[67] Memnon, reported by Photius, 322.

[68] Aristophanes, Frogs, v., 944, 1408.

[69] Boeckh, Gespräche des Sokratikers Simon, 226.

[70] Diog. Laërt., iii., 9.

[71] Gellius, iii., c. 17.

[72] Müller, Lustspiele des Aristophanes, 1041 ff.

[73] Athenæus, iv., 57.

[74] Aristotle, Poet., v., 5.

[75] Athenæus, xii., II.

[76] Boeckh, Staatsh., p. 68.

[77] Buchsenschutz, Besitz und Erwerb im Griech. Alterthum, 572.

[78] Schmitz, Schriftsteller in Athen, 68.

[79] Hermann, Staats Alterthum, 466.

[80] Plutarch, Nicias.

[81] Ibid.

[82] Plato, De Republica, viii., 568.

[83] Aristotle, Poet., xiii.

[84] Athenæus, xii., 53. Cited by Schmitz, 39.

[85] Lucian, Adv. Indoct., c. 19.

[86] Anabasis, vii., c. 5.

[87] Meineke, Fragm. Comic., ii., 2732; Pollux, vii., 211.

[88] Meineke, ii., 2821; Zonaras, Lex., 388.

[89] Meineke, ii., 2852.

[90] Meineke, iii., 114; Pollux, vii., 21; and Meineke, iii., 88; Pollux, vii., 201.

[91] Meineke, iii., 378; Pollux, vii., 211.

[92] Diog. Laërt., ii., 105.

[93] Schol. to Demosth., Olynth., ii., 19. Cited by Schmitz, 44.

[94] Xenophon, The Banquet of Philosophers, iii., 5.

[95] Schaefer, Demosthenes und seine Zeit., i., 322.

[96] Isocrates, Letters to Philip, ii.

[97] Plutarch, Philip, 17.

[98] Birt, 435.

[99] Plutarch, Alexander, c. 8.

[100] Diog. Laërt., vii., 31.

[101] Dionysius Hal., De Isocrate, 18.

[102] Diog. Laërt., viii., 36.

[103] Diog. Laërt., vii., 2.

[104] Diog. Laërt., v., 73.

[105] Plutarch, Lucullus, c. 42.

[106] See on page 90 another version of the same story.

[107] Ritter, Hist. Ancient Philos., iii., 24.

[108] Drumann, v., 66, quoting Cicero, Epist. ad Atticum.

[109] Plin., Hist. Nat., vii., 85.

[110] Diog Laërt., ix., 52.

[111] Strabo, xiii., c. 54.

[112] Lucian, c. iv., as quoted by Schmitz, 55.

[113] Lucian, Adv. Ind., 4, quoted by Schmitz, 56.

[114] Schmitz, 57.

[115] Greek Life and Thought, 195.

[116] Birt, 486.

[117] Hist. Lit. Gr., iii., 186.

[118] Moore’s Lectures, 55.

[119] Géraud, 106.

[120] Mahaffy, Social Life, 209.

[121] Mahaffy, 209.

[122] Birt, 439.

[123] Athenæus, 72.

[124] Birt, 443.

[125] Birt, 501.

[126] This division was, however, probably not made by the author.

[127] Isaiah, xix., 7.

[128] Ragozin, Chaldea, 112 et seq.

[129] Plin., xiii., 68.

[130] Birt, 55.

[131] Diog. Laërt., x., 26.

[132] Birt, Das Antike Buchwesen, 439.

[133] Herod., ii., 38.

[134] Johnson’s Cyclo., 300.

[135] Ritschl, Die Alexandrin. Bibliothek.

[136] Plato, Com., ii., 684. Meineke.

[137] Plutarch, Cæsar, 60; Galen, i., 79.

[138] 2 John, 12.

[139] Simcox, History Latin Lit., i., 31.

[140] Tusc., i., 5.

[141] Simcox, 32 et seq.

[142] Simcox, 34.

[143] Simcox, 46.

[144] But six have been preserved. Ritschl, Op. 3, 257.

[145] Epistles, ii., 2, 5.

[146] Seneca, Epist., 27.

[147] Cod. Just., vi., 43.

[148] Strabo, L. xiii., 419.

[149] Plutarch, Crassus, 2.

[150] Haenny, pp. 31, 32.

[151] Sauppe, Epist. Crit., p. 49.

[152] Harpocration, pp. 19, 24, 32, 15.

[153] Daremberg, Commentaire, Paris, 1848, p. 12.

[154] Haenny, 33.

[155] Anecd., i., 24.

[156] Ad Atticum, xii., xv., xvi.

[157] Ad Atticum, xiii., 12, 2.

[158] Ad Atticum, ii., 4.

[159] Simcox, i., 174.

[160] Ad Att., xvi., 11, 1.

[161] Ad Atticum, xii., 5, 3; xiii., 21, 3; xvi., 2, 6.

[162] Ad Atticum, xii., 6, 3.

[163] Ad Atticum, xiii., 13.

[164] Ad Atticum xiii., 25, 3, quoted by Birt, p. 353.

[165] Ad Atticum, xiii., 13.

[166] Birt, 354.

[167] Martial, xi., 3, 6.

[168] Ad Atticum, xii., 41; i., 45.

[169] Birt, 284.

[170] Ibid., 357.

[171] Recherches, p. 27.

[172] Orationes, vi., 3, 3.

[173] N. A., i., 7. 1.

[174] Benef., vii., 6.

[175] Birt, 358, n. 2.

[176] Géraud, 171.

[177] Ad Quintum, III, 5, 6.

[178] Catullus, ed. Vossius, 14.

[179] Epist., 2, 2, 49.

[180] Simcox, i., 287.

[181] Art. Poet., 345.

[182] Epist., i., 19, 19.

[183] Lines placed on the doorway to the Palace of Augustus, quoted in P. Virgilii Maronis Vita, (author unknown) Paris, 1780.

[184] Epist., i., 19.

[185] Plagius is from πλάγιος.

[186] Lat. Lit., i., 349.

[187] Simcox, i., 249.

[188] Trist., iv., 1, 3.

[189] Ep., i., 1.

[190] Ep., i., 2.

[191] L. i., ep. 118.

[192] L. i., ep. 30.

[193] L. iv., ep. 72.

[194] xii., 1.

[195] vii., 80.

[196] iv., 82.

[197] vi., 85.

[198] v., 16, 10.

[199] xi., 25.

[200] Gesch. der Denk- und Glaubensfreiheit im ersten Jahrhundert der Kaiserherrschaft, p. 138.

[201] Ep., xiii., 3.

[202] iv., 88, 1.

[203] v., 16, 10.

[204] xi., 3.

[205] i., 113.

[206] Ep., i., 2.

[207] Schmidt, p. 143; Martial, vii., 17.

[208] ii., 1, 5.

[209] vii., 11 and 17.

[210] Haenny, p. 39.

[211] Simcox, p. 249.

[212] De Bibliopolis Romanorum, 10-12.

[213] Gallus (Deutsche Ausgabe), ii., 450.

[214] P. 354.

[215] x. 74.

[216] De Gramm., Reiff., p. 106, 12.

[217] P. 355.

[218] xii., 46.

[219] v., 56.

[220] i., 76.

[221] v., 16.

[222] xiii., 11.

[223] Simcox, p. 250.

[224] Juvenal, Sat., vii., 39-47.

[225] Juvenal, v., 82-94.

[226] Cap. ix.

[227] Birt, 347.

[228] Catullus, 95, quoted by Birt, 345.

[229] Birt, 345.

[230] Epist., i., 8, 3.

[231] Fronto, Epist. ad Verum, ii., 9.

[232] Birt, 357; see also Cicero, Philipp., ii., 4.

[233] Ep., i., 4, 118.

[234] Martial, Ep., i., 117.

[235] Lucian, 58, 4.

[236] Gell., 9, 4, 1.

[237] Plin., Ep., 9, 11.

[238] Martial, 7, 88.

[239] Horace, Ep., 20, 13.

[240] Birt, 363.

[241] Birt, 359.

[242] Birt, 348.

[243] Quint., Epist. ad Tryphon.

[244] Mart., xiii., 3.

[245] Seneca, De Beneficiis, vii., 6, 1. Quoted by Birt, p. 358.

[246] Renouard, i., 15.

[247] Sueton., Domitian, c. 10.

[248] Aulus Gellius, 19, 5, 4, 9; 14, 3.

[249] Epist., i., 8, 2.

[250] Bursian, Geog. Griechenlands, p. 290.

[251] Strabo, p. 646.

[252] Ad Quintum, iii., 4.

[253] Juvenal, iii., 206.

[254] Sueton., Domitian, 20.

[255] Birt, p. 361.

[256] De Fin., ii., 7.

[257] Epist., iii., 7.

[258] 48, 4.

[259] Birt, 361.

[260] Suidas, Lexicon.

[261] Capitolinus, Gordianus, 18, 2.

[262] Martial, 14, 190.

[263] Simcox, ii., 49.

[264] Simcox, ii., p. 77.

[265] Tac., Ann., iii., 49.

[266] Simcox, ii., p. 77.

[267] Martial, vi., 12.

[268] Martial, iv., 72. Simcox, p. 107.

[269] Simcox, ii., p. 142.

[270] Simcox, ii., p. 236.

[271] Birt.

[272] Pliny, Epist., iv., 7.

[273] Birt, 352.

[274] Pliny, xxxv., II (trans. from Birt’s version).

[275] Ritschl, Ramsay, and other scholars take the view that Pliny was referring to actual portraits which Varro had prepared by an admirable invention of his own.

[276] Simcox, i., p. 206.

[277] Simcox, ii., 243.

[278] Birt, 367.

[279] Diog. Laërt., ix., 52.

[280] Sueton., Octavius, 31.

[281] Sueton., Caligula, 34.

[282] Sueton., Tiberius, 61.

[283] Sueton., Domitian, 10.

[284] Tacitus, Agric., 2. Plin., Ep., vii., 19.

[285] Burckhardt, Constant., p. 151.

[286] Burckhardt, 341.

[287] Codex, ix., 36, “De Famosis Libellis.”

[288] Renouard, 17.

[289] Klostermann, p. 37.

[290] Just. 34, Inst. l. c. Cited by Klostermann, 37.

[291] Plinius, xiii., 83.

[292] Euseb., Hist. Eccles., vi., 13.

[293] Birt, 375.

[294] Theodoric the Goth, pp. 263-276.

[295] Oman, The Byzantine Empire, p. 280.

[296] Gibbon’s Rome, Am. ed., v., 525.

[297] Hist. Europ. Morals, Amer. ed., p. 13.

Corrections

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p. [iv]

p. [297]

p. [301]

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