Handbook of Railroad Construction; For the use of American engineers. / Containing the necessary rules, tables, and formulæ for the location, construction, equipment, and management of railroads, as built in the United States.

by George L. Vose

CULVERTS AND DRAINS.

274. Small culverts are made by covering two side walls with large flat stones; the bottom being paved with stone at least nine inches deep, laid dry. The general dimensions of such structures depend somewhat upon the class of masonry, but as this is generally the third or fourth, will not vary much.

Opening.	Side walls.	Cover.	Heads.
2 × 2	3 × 2	12	2 × 10
2 × 3	3 × 3	12	3 × 10
3 × 3	3 × 3	12	3 × 11
3 × 4	3½ × 4	15	4 × 12
4 × 4	3½ × 4	15	4 × 13
4 × 5	3½ × 5	18	5 × 15
5 × 5	4 × 5	18	5 × 16
5 × 6	4 × 6	18	6 × 18

Figs. 130, 131, and 132, show plans for culverts of from 5 to 25 feet span.

Fig. 130.

Fig. 131.       Fig. 132.