FOOTNOTES:
[446] See above, [pp. 53-5].
[447] Any one desirous of further information on any particular regiment will find a summary of the evidence, in so far as it was then available, in Cichorius’s articles in Pauly-Wissowa., s.v. ala and cohors, to which I am deeply indebted.
[448] A date without an epigraphical reference refers to a ‘diploma’. The following abbreviations have been used: E(quitata), M(iliaria), C(ivium) R(omanorum), V(eteranorum), S(agittariorum), P(ia) F(idelis). C. H. means that the inscription referred to gives the cursus honorum of an officer.
[449] The inscription cannot be accurately dated, but the regiment was presumably raised at an early date like others with similar titles.
[450] Inscriptions thus referred to come from the area in Scotland only effectively occupied between these dates.
[451] The inscription comes from Newstead, which was probably also occupied from 80 to 100, but the soldier’s name, Aelius, suggests a later date.
[452] A C. H. mentioning a praefectus cohortis I Astyrum provinciae Britanniae. The regiment is hardly likely to be a third-century creation.
[453] The Notitia mentions the first cohort, but inscriptions suggest that it was the second which apparently garrisoned the station referred to. The reference shows, at any rate, that one of the two survived.
[454] Epigraphical evidence suggests that the Cohors I Frixagorum of the Notitia is identical with this regiment.
[455] The inscriptions come from Birrens, which was apparently occupied in the Antonine period. See Professor Haverfield’s note in Ephemeris Epigraphica, ix. p. 613.
[456] Assuming that this is the title represented by the III P … of the ‘diploma’.
[457] The name of the cohort on this inscription is, however, only due to an emendation of Cichorius, s.v.
[458] Presumably C(ivium) L(atinorum), a unique distinction.
[459] The name is M. Traianius.
[460] Both this and the preceding cohort belong, of course, to early series.
[461] Regiments which are last mentioned in the diploma of 116 are included if they cannot be traced in another province.
[462] The regiment is hardly likely to have been raised between 167 and 191.
[463] It can hardly be doubted, however, that several more of the Numeri Brittonum mentioned on later inscriptions belong to the same series. See above, [p. 86].
[464] In this diploma, of course, the ala has not yet acquired the title ‘Flavia’. The titles of the Raetian alae are somewhat puzzling, but it seems possible to distinguish four alae Flaviae.
[465] The name of the regiment is given, but the number has been restored.
[466] Possibly, however, this is identical with the Cohors I C. R., stationed in Germania Superior.
[467] The number of the regiment is given, but the name has been restored.
[468] The name of the regiment is given, but the number has been restored.
[469] The number of the regiment is given, but the name has been restored.
[470] The regiment is not mentioned, but there is a cavalry station ‘Commagena’ in Pannonia Prima.
[471] Included by an emendation of Cichorius.
[472] One of these two cohorts is also mentioned on the D. for 60, 84, 138-46.
[473] The ‘Cohors II Aug….’ of the diploma is either this or II Augusta Thracum.
[474] Most of the regiments mentioned in this diploma can be traced in other provinces during the second century, the others probably remained in Moesia.
[475] There is some evidence for placing this cohort in Dacia.
[476] ‘Aurelio Marco dec(urioni) [coh(ortis)] V Hisp(anorum) provinciae Moesiae sup(erioris), desiderato in acie, Aur(elio) Suruelio dup(licario) fratri bene merenti.’ The names suggest the date.
[477] Several regiments (i.e. Cohorts I Claudia Sugambrorum, I Chalcidenorum, IV Gallorum, VII Gallorum) appear in Syria in 157 after appearing in the second-century Moesian diplomata. Probably they were transferred during the Jewish rebellion at the end of Hadrian’s reign. All are reckoned under Syria except IV Gallorum, which seems to have returned.
[478] For an early inscription of this regiment see Mommsen in Hermes, xxii. 547.
[479] Any regiment which has left several inscriptions in the province, and does not appear to be a late formation, is included.
[480] This ‘diploma’ contains several regiments which were only temporarily in the province.
[481] Was possibly incorporated later in the succeeding.
[482] The name is probably to be restored from ONT of the ‘diploma’.
[483] The British regiments are very confusing, but it appears possible to distinguish the following. The titles ‘Britannica’ and ‘Brittonum’ seem to be used indifferently.
[484] Restored from the ‘Cohors I Augusta Nervia’ … of the diploma on the analogy of the Cohors II Augusta Nervia Pacensis M. Brittonum on the diploma of 114 for Pannonia Inferior.
[485] As these cohorts are only mentioned on tiles it is possible that they returned to Moesia soon after the war.
[486] So Cichorius, comparing AESA∞ of the diploma with tiles from Sebesvaralja marked CꟼGST and ⅁ƎAIHↃ (iii. 8074¹⁶, 8074²⁶.)
[487] The distribution of these and other inscriptions suggests that there were at least two numeri in the province.
[488] In identifying the various regiments mentioned by Arrian I have made use of the excellent article by Ritterling in Wiener Studien, xxiv. Cf. also ‘Arrian as Legate of Cappadocia’ in Pelham’s Essays on Roman History.
[489] The second inscription mentions a Spanish cohort in Cappadocia, which is probably identical with the Cohors II Hispanorum E. commanded by the praefectus mentioned in the third, whose career seems to have lain entirely in the Eastern provinces. He would have commanded it about 120.
[490] Mentions the regiment as stationed in Syria, whither it had been transferred before 157. Cf. D. cx.
[491] D. xxxviii.
[492] Arrian certainly mentions a Numidian cohort; it is, however, merely a conjecture to identify it with the regiment stationed later in Lycia-Pamphylia.
[493] Of the nineteen regiments mentioned (taking ‘Augusta Syriaca’ as the title of one ala, not two), eight are mentioned on the Syrian diploma of 157, two on the Palestine diplomata of 86 and 139, and one on the Egyptian diploma of 83. Of the remainder two have left inscriptions in the East, two seem to have come from the Danube, and only four are otherwise unknown.
[494] Should probably be equestris, the regiment belonging to the same series as the Cohors VI Equestris which formed part of the garrison of Bithynia when Pliny was governor. Cf. Pliny, Ep. x. 106. The meaning of the title is obscure, unless equestris simply = equitata.
[495] Numbers II and III in this series were certainly miliariae, as probably all were.
[496] I agree with Cichorius in distinguishing the Cohors I Sugambrorum V. E. from the Cohors I Claudia Sugambrorum. The first is probably identical with the regiment mentioned by Tacitus as being in Moesia in A.D. 26 (Tac. Ann. iv. 47), the second a later creation distinguished as such by its secondary title.
[497] Mentioned in the cursus honorum of a praefectus whose service lay almost entirely in the Eastern provinces. On this ground and because Cohorts I and II of this series were certainly in the East the regiment has been assigned to Syria. This second argument applies to Cohort IV. Both regiments were in any case in existence at this period.
[498] The title Ulpia is not given in these cases but presumably belonged to the whole series.
[499] Or is this a cohort converted into an ala with the increase of cavalry in the fourth century? In this case it may be identical with the Cohors II Ulpia Equitata mentioned below.
[500] Curiously enough the regiment appears in the Syrian diploma for 157.
[501] Cagnat, however, considers that the regiment was in the province as early as 150, relying on viii. 3917, p. 955.
[502] In the first inscription the regiment is commanded by a tribunus.
[503] This inscription does not, however, prove conclusively that the regiment was stationed in Spain.
[504] Suet. Fr. 278 (Reiffer.) ‘Legio dicitur virorum electio fortium vel certus militum numerus, id est V̅ DC.’
[505] Four were at Rome, one at Lugudunum, and one at Carthage.
[506] Marcus added II and III Italica to garrison Raetia and Noricum; Septimius Severus the three legiones Parthicae, of which I and III were stationed in Mesopotamia and II at Alba in Italy.