An Advanced English Grammar with Exercises

by George Lyman Kittredge; Frank Edgar Farley

INDEX

[References are to pages; f. signifies “and following page”; ff. signifies “and following pages.”]

[A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] J [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] X [Y] Z

• A for on (a-fishing), [147], [149].
• A or an, [77] ff.;
  • distributive, [79].
• About, with infinitive, [105], [135].
• Absolute construction, [144]. See [Nominative].
• Absolute use of transitive verbs, [92].
• Abstract nouns, [29] f.
• Accusative, [52].
• Action, nouns in -ing, [145] ff.
• Active voice, [107] ff. See [Passive].
• Adjective, [5], [75] ff.;
  • descriptive and definitive, [5], [75] f.;
  • proper, [75];
  • compound, [75];
  • pronominal, [76] (cf. [62] ff.);
  • attributive, appositive, predicate, [76] f.;
  • articles, [77] ff;
  • comparison, [79] ff., [88] f.;
  • numerals, [89] f.;
  • noun as adjective, adjective as noun, [9], [78];
  • participle as, [143];
  • adjective in exclamations, [155] f.;
  • as modifier of subject, [192] f.
  • See [Adjective pronoun], [Predicate adjective].
• Adjective clauses, [20], [66], [86], [157] f.;
  • place or time, [163] f.;
  • as modifiers of subject, [192] f.;
  • of complement, [206].
• Adjective phrases, [16], [157];
  • comparison of, [89];
  • as modifiers of subject, [192] f.;
  • as complements, [204];
  • as modifiers of modifiers, [207].
• Adjective pronouns, [62] ff.;
  • demonstrative, [62] ff.;
  • indefinite, [64] f.
• Adverb, defined, [7];
  • classification, forms, and use, [83] ff.;
  • relative or conjunctive, [86];
  • interrogative, [86];
  • comparison, [87] ff.;
  • numeral, [89] f.;
  • in exclamations, [155] f.;
  • as modifier, [196] f., [206], [208].
• Adverbial clauses, [20] f., [86], [158] f.;
  • place or time, [163] f.;
  • causal, [164];
  • concessive, [164] f.;
  • purpose or result, [166] f.;
  • conditional, [167] ff.;
  • comparison, degree, manner, [173];
  • indirect question, [180];
  • as modifiers of predicate, [196] f.;
  • of complement, [206];
  • of modifiers, [207] f.
• Adverbial objective, [53];
  • clause as, [158] f.;
  • as modifier, [198].
• Adverbial phrases, [16], [53], [142], [158];
  • numeral, [90];
  • as modifiers of predicate, [196] f., [198] ff.;
  • of complement, [206];
  • of modifiers, [207] f.
• Advising, verbs of, with infinitive clause, [138].
• Affirmative, [85].
• A-fishing, etc., [147], [149].
• After, preposition, [148];
  • relative adverb, [86], [157], [164].
• Agreement, of predicate nominative with subject, [41], [57] f.;
  • of appositive, [42], [47], [53], [57];
  • of pronoun with antecedent, [55], [65];
  • of relative with antecedent, [68], [102];
  • of verb with subject, [97], [100] ff.
• All, [65].
• Alternative conditions, [168];
  • questions, [179].
• Although. See [Though].
• Analysis, [183] ff.;
  • structure of sentences, [183] ff.;
  • analysis, with models, [188] ff.;
  • simple sentences, [188];
  • compound, [188] f.;
  • complex, [189] f.;
  • compound complex, [190];
  • modifiers, [191] ff.;
  • complements, [200] ff.;
  • modifiers of complements and of modifiers, [205] ff.;
  • independent elements, [209];
  • combinations of clauses, [210] ff.;
  • elliptical sentences, [224] ff.
  • See further under these several heads.
• Anglo-Saxon, [xv], [316] f.
• Animals, names of, gender, [32];
  • pronouns, [69].
• Another, [64] f.
• Antecedent of pronoun, [4];
  • agreement, [55], [65], [68], [102];
  • unexpressed, [71] ff.;
  • what, [71];
  • compound relatives, [72] f.
• Any, anything, [64] f.
• Apodosis, [168].
• Apostrophe, [43] ff., [56], [311].
• Appear, with predicate nominative or adjective, [6] f., [76], [93].
• Apposition, [42]. See [Appositive].
• Appositive, case of, [42], [47], [53], [57];
  • with possessive, [47];
  • infinitive as, [134] f.;
  • clause as, [159] ff., [167], [174], [180], [196];
  • appositive as modifier, [195] f., [207].
• Appositive adjective, [76].
• Appositive phrase, [195].
• Archaisms, [xvii]. See [Old].
• Articles, [77] ff.;
  • generic, [77];
  • repeated, [78];
  • with verbal noun, [147].
• As, relative pronoun, [67];
  • relative adverb, [86], [153];
  • conjunction, [153];
  • in concession, [165];
  • in clauses of degree, [173].
• As if, as though, [122], [153], [173];
  • as to, with infinitive, [167].
• Asking, verb of, two objects, [50];
  • retained object, [112];
  • with indirect question, [179] ff. (cf. [160]).
• Assertion, [2], [5], [13].
• Attribute. See [Predicate adjective], [Predicate objective].
• Attributive adjective, [76].
• Aught, naught, [65].
• Authorship, [43].
• Auxiliary verbs, [6], [91];
  • in future, [102] ff.;
  • in compound tenses, [106];
  • in passive, [108] ff.;
  • in progressive form, [113] f.;
  • in emphatic form, [114];
  • replacing subjunctive, [123];
  • in potential verb-phrases, [124] ff.

• Be, [6] f., [93];
  • conjugation, [99], [118] f., [300] f.;
  • auxiliary of passive, [108] ff.;
  • of progressive form, [113];
  • ellipsis of, [114], [144], [164] f., [169], [224] f.;
  • predicate pronoun after, [139].
  • See [Predicate nominative].
• Become, with predicate nominative or adjective, [6] f., [76], [93].
• Before, preposition, [148];
  • relative adverb, [86], [157], [163] f.;
  • with subjunctive, [122];
  • with should, [130].
• Believing, verbs of, with infinitive clause, [138].
• Biblical style. See [Solemn].
• Bid, with infinitive, [138].
• Both, pronoun, [64].
• Both ... and, [15], [153].
• But, adverb, [135].
• But, coördinate conjunction, [152];
  • subordinate, [153] f.;
  • elliptical constructions, [154].
• But, preposition, [148];
  • with infinitive, [135].

• Calling, verbs of, two objects, [50];
  • predicate nominative after passive, [111].
• Can, could, [124] ff., [299].
• Capital letters, [27] ff., [75];
  • rules, [305].
• Cardinal numerals, [89] f.
• Case, [40] ff.;
  • nominative, [40] ff.;
  • possessive, [43] ff.;
  • objective, [47] ff.;
  • of appositives, [42], [47], [53], [57].
  • See [Pronouns].
• Cause, clauses of, [164];
  • nominative absolute, [144].
• Chaucer, [xv], [43], [49], [85], [317] f.
• Choosing, verbs of, two objects, [50];
  • predicate nominative after passive, [111].
• Clauses, independent and subordinate, [16] ff.;
  • as parts of speech, [19] ff., [157] ff.;
  • infinitive, [137] ff.;
  • simple, compound, complex, [210] ff.;
  • combination of, [210] ff.
  • See [Adjective], [Adverbial], [Noun], [Infinitive clause].
• Clauses, subordinate, classified according to meaning, [163] ff.;
  • place and time, [163] f.;
  • cause, [164];
  • concession, [164] f.;
  • purpose and result, [166] f.;
  • conditional, [167] ff.;
  • comparison and manner, [173];
  • indirect discourse, [173] ff.;
  • indirect questions, [179] ff.
• Cognate object, [52];
  • it as, [58];
  • as modifier, [199].
• Collective nouns, [29] f.;
  • verbs with, [101] f.
• Colloquial forms and constructions, [xvi], [38], [57] ff., [61], [69], [100], [112], [120], [149], [155].
• Colon, [309] f.
• Color, adjectives of, [84].
• Combinations of clauses, [210] ff.
• Come, have (or am) come, [107].
• Comma, [70], [306] ff.
• Command, with shall or will, [105], [118];
  • as condition, [169];
  • verbs of, with infinitive clause, [138];
  • with noun clause, [160], [167].
  • See [Imperative].
• Common gender, [31].
• Common nouns, [27] ff.;
  • personification, [28] f.
• Comparative and superlative, of adjectives, [79] ff., [88] f.;
  • of adverbs, [87] ff.;
  • use, [88] f.;
  • comparative with the, [86].
• Comparison, clauses of, [173].
• Comparison of adjectives, [79] ff., [88] f.;
  • of adverbs, [87] ff.;
  • use of, [88] f.
• Complementary infinitive, [137].
• Complementary object, [50]. See [Predicate objective].
• Complements. See [Object], [Predicate objective], [Predicate nominative], [Predicate adjective].
• Complements, classified, [200] ff.;
  • direct object, [201];
  • predicate objective, [202];
  • predicate nominative, [202] f.;
  • predicate adjective, [203] f.
• Complements, modifiers of, [205] f.
• Complete predicate. See [Predicate].
• Complete predication, [200].
• Complete subject. See [Subject].
• Complete tenses, [106] f.
• Complete verbs, [200].
• Complex clauses, [18], [187], [211] f., [215] f., [219] ff.
• Complex compound. See [Compound complex].
• Complex sentences, [17] ff., [186];
  • analyzed, [189] f.;
  • varieties of, [216] ff.
• Compound adjectives, [75].
• Compound clauses, [151], [186], [210] ff.
• Compound complex sentences, [18], [187], [215] f.;
  • analyzed, [190], [222] f.
• Compound conjunctions, [153].
• Compound nouns, [30], [146] f.;
  • plural, [36];
  • possessive, [46] f.
• Compound personal pronouns, [60] ff.;
  • intensive and reflexive, [61] f.;
  • relatives, [72] f.
• Compound predicate, [15], [184] f., [212] f.
• Compound sentences, [17] ff., [185];
  • analyzed, [188] f.;
  • elaboration of, [213] f.
• Compound subject, [15], [184] f., [212] f.;
  • agreement, [100] f.
• Compound tenses, [106] f.
• Concerning, [142], [149].
• Concession, moods in, [120] ff.;
  • should and would in, [123], [131];
  • clauses of, [164] ff.
• Conclusion, [168].
• Conditional clauses and sentences, moods in, [120] ff., [170] ff.;
  • forms and meaning, [167] ff.;
  • classification, [169] ff.;
  • past and present, [170] f.;
  • non-committal and contrary to fact, [170] f.;
  • future, [171] f.;
  • shall, will, should, would, [130] f.
• Conjugation, [25], [94] ff.;
  • indicative present and past, [98] f.;
  • future, [102];
  • active and passive, [108] ff.;
  • progressive, [113] f.;
  • potential verb-phrases, [124] f.;
  • tables of, [300] ff.
• Conjunction, defined, [8];
  • classification and use, [151] ff.;
  • coördinate or coördinating, [151] f.;
  • subordinate or subordinating, [151], [153] f.;
  • correlative, [153] f.;
  • adverb, preposition, and, [152] f.;
  • and adverb, [150].
• Conjunctive adverbs and pronouns. See [Relative].
• Considering, [142], [149].
• Construction, [xiv], [25] ff.
• Contractions: it’s, [56];
  • I’ll, we’ll, [104];
  • let’s, [120];
  • may n’t, ought n’t, [126];
  • I’d, we’d, [130].
• Contrary to fact, conditions, [170] f.
• Coördinate (coördinating) conjunctions, [151] f.
• Coördinate clauses, [17] ff., [185] ff., [210] ff.
• Coördination in sentences, [210] ff. See [Coördinate].
• Copula. See [Be].
• Copulative verbs, [6] f., [76], [93]. See [Be].
• Correlative conjunctions, [153] f.
• Could. See [Can].

• Dare, [137], [299].
• Dash, [310].
• Dative, [52], [60].
• Declarative sentences, [2].
• Declaring, verbs of, with infinitive clause, [138].
• Declension of nouns, [40];
  • of personal pronouns, [55] f.;
  • of self-pronouns, [60];
  • of demonstratives, [63];
  • of relatives, [67];
  • of compound relatives, [72];
  • of interrogatives, [73].
• Defective verbs, [299].
• Definite article, [77] ff.
• Definitive adjectives, [5], [75] f.
• Degree, adverbs of, [84];
  • clauses of, [173].
  • See [Comparison].
• Deity, words for the, [305].
• Demonstrative pronouns and adjectives, [62] ff.
• Dependent. See [Subordinate].
• Descriptive adjectives, [4], [75];
  • relatives, [70] f.
• Desiring, verbs of, with infinitive, [137];
  • with noun clause, [160], [167].
• Did. See [Do].
• Direct address, nominative in, [42];
  • independent element, [209].
• Direct discourse, [174] ff.
• Direct object. See [Object].
• Direct quotations, [173] f.;
  • questions, [179].
• Do, did, in questions, [114];
  • in emphatic verb-phrases, [114];
  • in imperative, [117];
  • as substitute for some other verb, [114].
• Double comparison, [88];
  • conditions, [168].
• Doubting, verb of, with indirect question, [179] (cf. [160]).

• Each, each other, [64] f.
• Editorial we, [57].
• Either, [64];
  • either ... or, [15], [153].
• Elder, eldest, [81].
• Elements. See [Subject], [Predicate], [Modifiers], [Complements], [Independent].
• Ellipsis, understood words, etc., [3], [47], [58], [63], [69], [71], [114], [117], [19] f., [121] f., [133], [144], [149], [153] f., [155], [160], [164] f., [169], [173], [175], [224] ff.
• Elliptical sentences, [224] ff.
• ’em, [57].
• Emphasis, superlative of, [88].
• Emphatic verb-phrases, [114];
  • imperative, [117].
• -en, plural ending of nouns, [35];
  • old plural ending of verbs, [99].
• Endings, in inflection, [25];
  • gender, [33];
  • number, [34] ff.;
  • case, [40];
  • possessive, [43] f.;
  • comparison, [80] ff., [87];
  • adverbs, [83] ff.;
  • tense, [95] f.;
  • personal endings, [97] f.
• English language, [xi] ff.;
  • history of, [316] ff.
• Errors of speech, [37], [45], [56], [58], [60], [62], [64] f., [74], [77], [88], [102] ff., [126], [128] ff., [133] ff., [139], [147].
• Even if, [153], [164] f.
• Every, everybody, everything, [64] f.
• Except, with infinitive, [135].
• Exclamation, nominative in, [42], [57], [156];
  • objective me, [60];
  • infinitive, [136];
  • various parts of speech, [155] f.;
  • phrases, [155] f.;
  • clauses, [169];
  • as independent element, [209].
  • See [Interjection].
• Exclamation point, [155], [306].
• Exclamatory sentences, [2] f., [74];
  • phrases, [155] f.;
  • expressions, [155] f., [209].
  • See [Exclamation], [Interjection].
• Exercises, [227–290]. See Table of Contents, [v].
• Exhortations, [120].
• Expectation, subjunctive, [122] f.;
  • should, [130].
• Expletive. See [It], [There].
• Extent, possessive of, [46].
• Eyne, [35].

• Feel, with predicate adjective, [77];
  • with infinitive, [136].
• Feminine. See [Gender].
• Few, [65].
• Figures, plural of, [36].
• For, conjunction, [152].
• For, preposition, [148], [152];
  • with infinitive, [135];
  • with infinitive clause, [139].
• Foreign plurals, [37].
• Fractional parts, [90].
• Future conditions, [171] f.
• Future perfect tense, [106].
• Future tense, [94], [102] ff. See [Shall, will].

• Gender, [31] ff.;
  • of nouns and pronouns, [31];
  • special rules for nouns, [32] ff.;
  • of pronouns, [56];
  • of relatives, [67] ff.
  • See [Personification].
• Generally speaking, [142].
• Generic article, [77].
• Genitive. See [Possessive].
• Gerund, [146].
• Giving, verbs of, direct and indirect object, [50];
  • retained object, [112].
• Go. See [Motion].
• Going to, [105].
• Grammar, nature and principles of, [xi] ff.
• Granted that, [168].

• Habitual action, [127].
• Had rather, etc., [123];
  • had to, [126].
• Half, [102].
• Have, had, [6], [95];
  • auxiliary in compound tenses, [106] ff., [141].
• He, [56];
  • for he or she, [65].
• Hear, with infinitive, [136].
• Hem, old pronoun, [57].
• His, as neuter, [56].
• Hosen, [35].
• How, [86].
• However, [152];
  • in concessions, [165].
• Hyphen, [30], [311].

• I’d, we’d, [130].
• Idioms, nature of, [xv].
• If, [153];
  • in conditions, [168] ff.;
  • in wishes, [169];
  • in indirect questions, [179].
• Ill, [81], [87].
• I’ll, we’ll, [104].
• Imperative mood, [116] ff.;
  • in exclamations, [156];
  • as a condition, [169].
• Imperative sentences, [2] f., [116] ff.;
  • subject of, [2], [117].
• Impersonal it, [58]. See [It].
• In case that, [153];
  • in order that, [153], [166];
  • in order to, [167].
• Incomplete predication, [200];
  • verbs, [200].
• Indefinite article, [77] ff.;
  • pronouns and adjectives, [64] f.;
  • nouns, [65];
  • relatives (whoever, etc.), [72] f.
• Independent clauses, [17] f. See [Clauses].
• Independent elements, [209].
• Independent participles, [142].
• Indicative mood, [115] f.;
  • variety of use, [116];
    • in statements and questions of fact, [116];
    • in commands, [105], [118];
    • in concessions, [121];
    • in conditions, [170], [172].
• Indirect discourse, [173] ff.;
  • tenses in, [175];
  • passive, [175] f.;
    • shall, should, will, would, [177] f.
• Indirect object, [50] f.;
  • retained with passive, [112];
  • of participial nouns, [146];
  • as modifier, [199].
• Indirect questions, [179] ff.;
  • infinitive in, [181];
  • subjunctive in, [181];
  • shall, should, will, would, [182].
• Indirect quotations, [173] ff.
• Infinitive, [11] ff., [132] ff.;
  • forms, [107], [133];
  • object and modifiers, [134];
  • uses, [134] ff.;
  • as noun, [11] ff., [134];
  • as object, [135];
  • as nominative of exclamation, [136];
  • as modifier, [136] f., [194], [197] f.;
  • with see, hear, feel, [136];
  • complementary, [137];
  • of purpose, [137], [167];
  • in verb-phrases, [12];
  • in future, [102];
  • in emphatic forms, [114], [117];
  • in potential verb-phrases, [124] ff.;
  • with ought, tenses, [126];
  • in indirect questions, [181];
  • in verb-phrases, see [Future], [Future perfect], [Emphatic], [Potential].
• Infinitive clause, [137] ff.;
  • as object, [138] f.;
  • as subject, [139];
  • predicate pronoun in, [139];
  • expressing purpose, [167];
  • indirect discourse, [175].
• Infinitive phrase, [194].
• Inflection, nature and function of, [xiii] f., [25];
  • summary of, [26];
  • of nouns, [30] ff.;
  • of pronouns, [55] ff.;
  • of adjectives, [79] ff.;
  • of verbs, [94] ff.;
  • lists of verb-forms, [291] ff.
• -ing, verbal nouns in, [145] ff. See [Participial nouns].
• Intensive pronouns, [61] f.
• Interjections, defined, [8];
  • use, [155] f.;
  • as independent elements, [209].
• Interrogation point, [306].
• Interrogative adverbs, [86];
  • with clauses, [157];
  • in indirect questions, [179];
  • with infinitive, [181].
• Interrogative pronouns, [73] f.;
  • as adjectives, [74];
  • with prepositions, [150];
  • with clauses, [157];
  • in indirect questions, [179] ff.;
  • with infinitive, [181].
• Interrogative sentences, [2] f.;
  • order in, [3];
  • do, did in, [114];
  • direct and indirect questions, [179] ff.
• Intransitive verbs, [48] f., [92] f.;
  • voice, [111];
  • in passive with preposition, [111].
• Inverted order, [3], [85], [121] f., [161].
• Irregular verbs, [95], [99];
  • participles, [141];
  • lists, [291] ff.
• Is. See [Be].
• It, [56];
  • impersonal, [58];
  • expletive, [58], [135], [161], [175] f.;
  • cognate object, [58].

• Kind, sort, [64].
• Kine, [35].
• Knowing, verbs of, indirect discourse, [174];
  • indirect question, [179].

• Language, nature of, [xi] ff.;
  • English, [316] ff.
• Less, least, [81], [87].
• Lest, with subjunctive, [122];
  • purpose, [122], [166].
• Let, with infinitive, [138];
  • let us, [120].
• Letters, plural of, [36].
• Like, should like, [129].
• Like, with objective, [52].
• Limiting adjectives, [5]. See [Definitive].
• Look, with predicate adjective, [77].

• Main clause, [17] f.;
  • analysis, [184] ff., [213] ff.;
  • compound, [216] f.
• Majesty, plural of, [57].
• Make, with infinitive, [138].
• Making, verbs of, two objects, [50];
  • predicate nominative after passive, [111].
• -man, words ending in, plural of, [35].
• Manner, adverbs of, [83];
  • clauses of, [173].
• Many, [65].
• Masculine. See [Gender].
• May, might, auxiliary, [120] ff.;
  • replacing subjunctive, [123];
  • form, [299].
• Measure or extent, possessive of, [46].
• Meseems, methinks, [60].
• Might, auxiliary, [123] ff.;
  • replacing subjunctive, [123];
  • might better, [123].
  • See [May].
• Modal auxiliaries, use and meaning, [124] ff.
• Mode. See [Mood].
• Models for parsing, analysis, [54], [74], [82], [188] ff., [243], [250] f., [262], [270]. See [Exercises].
• Modifiers, [7];
  • classified, [191] ff.;
  • of subject, [192] ff.;
  • adjectives, adjective phrases, adjective clauses, [192] f.;
  • participles, [193] f.;
  • infinitives, [194];
  • possessives, [195];
  • appositives, [195] f.;
  • of predicate, [196] ff.;
  • adverbs, adverbial phrases, adverbial clauses, [196] f.;
  • infinitives, [197] f.;
  • adverbial objectives, [198];
  • nominative absolute, [198] f.;
  • indirect object, [199];
  • cognate object, [199].
• Modifiers of complements, [205] f.
• Modifiers of modifiers, [207] f.
• Mood, [115] ff.;
  • indicative, [115] f.;
  • imperative, [116] ff.;
  • subjunctive, [118] ff.;
  • potential, [124].
  • See [Indicative], [Subjunctive], etc.
• More, most, in comparison, [81], [87] ff.
• -most, superlative suffix, [82].
• Motion, verbs of, with have or be, [107];
  • ellipsis, [225].
• Must, auxiliary, [124] ff., [299].
• My, mine, [59].

• Naming, verbs of, two objects, [50];
  • predicate nominative after passive, [111].
• Naught, not, [65].
• Near, with objective, [52].
• Negative, neither, [64], [152];
  • none, [64];
  • not, [65];
  • no, [85];
  • statements and questions, [114];
  • commands, [117];
  • purpose or result, [166] f.;
  • condition, [168].
• Neither, pronoun, [64];
  • conjunction, with nor, [15], [152] ff.;
  • number with, [100].
• Neuter. See [Gender].
• Next, [52], [82], [87].
• Nigh, next, [82].
• No, yes, [85].
• Nominative case, [41] f.;
  • subject, [41];
  • predicate, [41];
  • direct address (vocative), [42];
  • in exclamation, [42];
  • absolute, [144], [198] f.
• Non-committal conditions, [170] f.
• None, [64].
• Nor, neither ... nor, number with, [100].
• Not, [65].
• Notwithstanding, preposition or conjunction, [152], [154].
• Noun, defined, [4];
  • classification, [27] ff.;
  • common and proper, [27] ff.;
  • abstract and collective, [29] f.;
  • compound, [30], [36], [47], [146] f.;
  • inflection, [30] ff.;
  • gender, [31] ff.;
  • number, [34] ff.;
  • person, [39];
  • case, [40] ff.;
  • numeral, [89] f.;
  • verbal (participial), [145] ff.
  • See [Infinitive].
• Noun clauses, [20], [159] ff.;
  • construction, as subject, object, etc., [159] ff.;
  • purpose and result, [166] f.;
  • indirect discourse, [174] ff.;
  • indirect questions, [180] ff.;
  • analysis, [190];
  • as complement, [201] ff.;
  • direct object, [201];
  • predicate objective, [202];
  • predicate nominative, [203].
• Noun-phrases, [16], [28];
  • possessive of, [47];
  • verbal noun-phrases, [146].
• Number, a (or the), [101].
• Number of nouns, [34] ff.;
  • of pronouns, [56] f., [60], [63] ff., [67] f., [72];
  • of verbs, [97] ff., [100] ff.;
  • agreement in, [55], [65], [68], [97], [100] ff.
• Numerals, [89] f.

• O or oh, [8], [155];
  • in wishes, [155].
• Object, of preposition, [8], [47], [148];
  • of verb, direct, [48] ff.;
  • predicate objective, [50];
  • indirect, [50] f.;
  • for whom, [51];
  • cognate, [52];
  • retained, [112];
  • of infinitive, [134];
  • of verbal (participial) noun, [146] f.;
  • infinitive as, [135];
  • infinitive clause as, [138] f.;
  • noun-clause as, [159] ff., [167], [174] ff., [180] f.
  • See [Complements], [Modifiers].
• Object clauses. See [Noun clauses].
• Objective attribute, [50].
• Objective case, [47] ff.;
  • of service, [51] f.;
  • adverbial, [53];
  • in apposition, [53];
  • of pronouns, [55] f., [60], [63], [67], [69], [72], [73] f.;
  • in exclamation, [60];
  • subject of infinitive, [138] f.
  • See [Object].
• Objective complement, [50]. See [Predicate objective].
• Obsolete words, etc., [xvi] f. See [Old].
• Of mine, [47], [59].
• Of-phrase, [45].
• Old or poetical forms and constructions, [28] f., [32], [35], [39], [43], [45], [52], [56] ff., [59] ff., [62] f., [67], [69], [73], [78], [82], [84] f., [88], [90], [95] ff., [99], [100], [105], [114], [116] f., [118], [120], [122], [124], [126], [135], [149], [154], [225], [293], [297] ff.
• On condition that, [168].
• One, one’s, one’s self, [60], [65];
  • one another, [64] f.
• Or, either ... or, [15], [153] f.;
  • number with or, nor, [100].
• Order. See [Inverted].
• Orders, will in, [105]. See [Command].
• Ordinal numerals, [89] f.
• Other, another, [64] f.
• Ought, [126] f.
• Ourself, [60].
• Owe, ought, [126], [299].
• Own, [61].

• Pains, [101].
• Parsing, models for, [54], [74], [82], [243], [250] f., [262], [270].
• Part, portion, [102].
• Participial nouns, [145] ff.;
  • object of, [146] f.;
  • modifiers of, [146];
  • as adjective, [146] f.;
  • with article, [147].
• Participial phrase, [194].
• Participles, [11] f., [140] ff.;
  • present, past, perfect, [12], [106] f., [140] f.;
  • constructions, [142] ff.;
  • object and modifiers of, [142] f.;
  • as prepositions, [142], [149];
  • as adjectives, [143];
  • with nominative absolute, [145];
  • as modifiers, [193] f., [205].
• Parts of speech, defined, [3] ff.;
  • same word as different, [9] ff.;
  • substitutes for, [15] ff. (see [Phrases], [Clauses]);
  • inflection and syntax, [25] ff.
  • See [Noun], [Pronoun], etc.
• Passive voice, [107] ff.;
  • form of, [108] ff.;
  • use of, [110] ff.;
  • predicate nominative with, [111];
  • retained object with, [112];
  • in progressive form, [114];
  • in imperative, [117];
  • in subjunctive, [119];
  • intransitive verbs with preposition, [111];
  • passive distinguished from be with participle used as adjective, [143];
  • clause as retained object, [160];
  • indirect discourse, [175] f.
• Past conditions, [169] ff.;
  • non-committal, [170] f.;
  • contrary to fact, [171].
• Past participle, [106], [140] f.;
  • as predicate adjective, [143].
• Past perfect tense, [106], [109];
  • subjunctive, [121] f., [171];
  • progressive, [125];
  • in conditions, [121], [170] f.;
  • in indirect discourse, [175].
• Past tense, [94] ff.;
  • personal endings, [97] ff.;
  • passive, [108];
  • progressive, [113] f.;
  • emphatic, [114];
  • subjunctive, [118], [121] ff., [171] f.;
  • indicative and subjunctive in conditions, [170] ff.;
  • in indirect discourse, [175].
• Pending, [142], [149].
• Per, per cent, etc., [79], [149].
• Perceiving, verbs of, with infinitive clause, [138];
  • indirect discourse, [174];
  • indirect question, [179].
• Perfect infinitive, [107], [133];
  • with ought, [126];
  • participle, [107], [140] f.
• Perfect (or present perfect) tense, [106].
• Period, [306].
• Permission, [125] f., [129].
• Person of substantives, [39];
  • of pronouns, [55] ff.;
  • of relatives, [68];
  • of verbs, [97] ff., [100] ff.
• Personal construction, [176].
• Personal endings, [97] f.
• Personal pronouns, [55] ff.;
  • inflection, [55] ff.;
  • gender and number, [56] f.;
  • case, [57] ff.;
  • self-pronouns, [60] ff.;
  • as predicate nominative, [41].
• Personification, [28] f., [32].
• Phrases, [16];
  • kinds of, [16] (see [Noun-phrases], [Adjective phrases], [Adverbial phrases], [Verb-phrases]);
  • as prepositions, [149];
  • as conjunctions, [153];
  • exclamatory, [155];
  • in analysis, [191] ff.;
  • as modifiers of subject, [192] f.;
    • of predicate, [196] f.;
  • as complements, [204];
  • as modifiers of complements, [205] f.;
    • of other modifiers, [207] f.
  • See [Progressive], [Emphatic], [Potential], [Appositive], [Infinitive], [Participial], [Prepositional], [Verbal noun-phrases].
• Place and time, adverbs of, [83] ff.;
  • clauses of, [163] f.
• Pluperfect tense, [106], [109];
  • subjunctive, [121] f., [171];
  • progressive, [125];
  • in conditions, [121], [170] f.;
  • in indirect discourse, [175].
• Plural of nouns, [34] ff.;
  • irregular, [35] ff.;
  • of compounds, [36];
  • of foreign nouns, [37];
  • of proper names and titles, [35], [38];
  • of possessive, [43] f.;
  • of pronouns, [56] f., [60], [62] ff.;
  • of relatives, [67] f.;
  • of verbs, [97] ff.;
  • plural of majesty, [57].
• Poetical forms and constructions, [xvii]. See [Old].
• Portion, part, [102].
• Positive degree, [79], [87].
• Possessive case of nouns, [43] ff.;
  • use, [45] ff.;
  • of measure, [46];
  • of compound nouns and of phrases, [46] f.;
  • apposition with, [47];
  • of personal pronouns, [55] f., [59];
  • of definite pronouns, [65];
  • of relatives, [67], [69], [72];
  • of interrogatives, [73];
  • possessive nouns modified, [207].
• Possessive modifiers, [195], [205], [207].
• Possessive pronouns, [55] f., [59];
  • my, mine, etc., use of, [59];
  • one’s, [65];
  • whose, [67], [69], [72], [73].
• Potential verb-phrases, [124] ff.;
  • mood, [124] ff.
• Pray, [58].
• Prayers, subjunctive, [119] f.
• Predicate, [2];
  • inverted order, [3], [85], [121] f., [161];
  • simple and complete, [14] f., [183] f.;
  • compound, [15], [184] f., [212] f.;
  • possessive in, [59];
  • analysis, [183] ff.;
  • modifiers of, [196] ff.;
  • complements, [200] ff.
  • See [Complements], [Modifiers].
• Predicate adjective, [76] f., [93];
  • participle as, [143];
  • analysis, [203] f.;
  • as complement, [203] f.;
  • phrase as, [204];
  • modifiers of, [206].
• Predicate nominative, [41], [49], [93];
  • of pronouns, [58];
  • after passive, [111];
  • infinitive as, [134] f.;
  • infinitive clause as, [139];
  • noun clause as, [159] f., [174], [180];
  • in analysis, [202] f.;
  • as complement, [202] f.;
  • modifiers of, [205] f.
• Predicate objective, [50], [111];
  • adjective as, [50];
  • in analysis, [202];
  • as complement, [202];
  • modified, [205].
• Predicate pronoun after to be, [139].
• Predication, complete and incomplete, [200].
• Preposition, defined, [8];
  • list and uses, [148] ff.;
  • object of, [8], [47], [150] ff.;
  • with intransitive verb, [111];
  • with passive, [111];
  • phrase used as, [149];
  • at end of clause, [149];
  • following the object, [149];
  • omitted, [149];
  • participle as, [149];
  • infinitive as object of, [135];
  • clause as object of, [161], [180].
• Prepositional phrases, [16], [148].
• Present conditions, [170] ff.;
  • non-committal, [170] f.;
  • contrary to fact, [171].
• Present infinitive, [133];
  • with ought, [126].
• Present participle, [12], [140] f.;
  • in verb-phrases, [13], [113] f., [130] f.;
  • with nominative absolute, [144].
• Present perfect tense, [106].
• Present tense form, [94];
  • personal endings, [97] f.;
  • conjugation, [98] f.;
  • in future sense, [105];
  • in future conditions, [172];
  • passive, [108];
  • progressive, [113] f.;
  • emphatic, [114];
  • imperative, [116] f.;
  • subjunctive, [118] f., [120] ff.;
  • indicative and subjunctive in conditions, [170] f.;
  • participle, [12], [144] ff.;
  • infinitive, [133].
• Preterite, [94]. See [Past].
• Preterite-present verbs, [299].
• Principal clause. See [Main clause].
• Principal parts, [107];
  • list, [291] ff.
• Prithee, [58].
• Progressive verb-phrases, [113] f.;
  • in subjunctive, [119].
• Prohibition, [117].
• Pronominal adjectives. See [Adjective pronouns]; Demonstrative, Indefinite, Relative, Interrogative.
• Pronoun defined, [4];
  • antecedent of, [4];
  • classification, forms, and uses, [55] ff.;
  • predicate nominative, [41], [58].
  • See [Personal], [Adjective], [Demonstrative], [Indefinite], [Relative], [Interrogative], [Intensive], [Reflexive], [Reciprocal], [Gender].
• Pronoun, predicate, after to be, [139].
• Proper nouns, [27] ff.;
  • plural, [35], [38];
  • possessive, [44];
  • adjectives, [75].
• Prophecy, shall, [105].
• Protasis, [168].
• Provided (that), [153], [168].
• Punctuation, rules of, [306] ff.
• Purpose, subjunctive and indicative, [122] f.;
  • infinitive of, [137], [167];
  • clauses of, [166] f.;
  • infinitive clause, [167].

• Questions, [3] f.;
  • shall and will in, [102] ff.;
  • should and would in, [127] ff.;
  • do, did, [114];
  • may, [126];
  • as condition, [169];
  • direct and indirect, [179] ff.
  • See [Interrogative].
• Quotation marks, [310].
• Quotations, direct and indirect, [173] ff.

• Rather, [87];
  • had rather, [123].
• Reciprocal pronouns, [64] f.
• Reflexive pronouns, [61];
  • simple personal pronouns as, [61].
• Refusing, verbs of, direct and indirect object, [50];
  • retained object, [112].
• Regular verbs, [95] ff.;
  • participles, [141].
• Relative adjectives, [73].
• Relative adverbs, [86];
  • with subjunctive, [122];
  • introducing clauses, [157] f.;
  • place and time, [164];
  • concession, [165];
  • conditions, [169].
• Relative pronouns, [66] ff.;
  • forms, [67];
  • gender, [67] ff.;
  • agreement, [68], [102];
  • case, [68] f., [139];
  • omitted, [69];
  • descriptive and restrictive, [70] f.;
  • what, [71];
  • compound relatives, [72] f.;
  • relatives introducing clauses, [66], [157] f.;
  • place and time, [163] f.;
  • concession, [131], [165];
  • condition, [131], [169].
• Restrictive relatives, [70] f.
• Result, clause of, [166] f.;
  • infinitive, [167];
  • negative, [167].
• Retained object, [112];
  • clause as, [160].
• Royal we, [57], [60].

• Same (the) as, [67].
• Saying. See [Telling].
• See, with infinitive, [136].
• Seem, with predicate nominative or adjective, [6] f., [76], [93];
  • it seems that, [176].
• Self-pronouns, [60] ff.
• Semicolon, [309] f.
• Sentences, [1] ff.;
  • kinds of, [2] f.;
  • parts of speech in, [3] ff., [13] ff.;
  • essential elements in, [2], [14];
  • simple and complete subject and predicate, [14] f.;
  • clauses in, [16] ff.;
  • simple, compound, complex, [17] ff.;
  • compound complex, [18].
• Sentences, analysis, [183] ff.;
  • structure and elements, [183];
  • of simple sentences, [184] f.;
  • of compound, [185];
  • of complex, [186];
  • of compound and complex clauses, [186] f.;
  • of compound complex sentences, [187];
  • models for analysis of simple, compound, complex, compound complex sentences, [188] ff.;
  • modifiers, [191] ff.;
  • complements, [200] ff.;
  • modifiers of complements and of modifiers, [205] ff.;
  • independent elements, [209];
  • combinations of clauses making sentences of various forms, [210] ff.;
  • special complications, [220] ff.;
  • elliptical sentences, [224] ff.
  • See [Subject], [Compound], [Complex], [Modifiers], etc.
• Sequence of tenses, [175], [179].
• Service, objective of, [51] f.
• Several, [65].
• Shakspere, forms and constructions in, [35], [39], [47], [56], [57], [59], [60], [62], [63], [67], [69], [88], [90], [126], [149], [154], [166], [169], [171], [225].
• Shall and will, [102] ff.;
  • in assertions and questions, [102] ff.;
  • in subordinate clauses, [130] ff.;
  • indirect discourse, [177] f.;
  • indirect questions, [182];
  • forms, [299].
  • See [Should].
• Ship, gender, [32].
• Shoon, [35].
• Should and would, in simple sentences and independent clauses, [127] ff.;
  • in subordinate clauses, [130] ff.;
  • in indirect discourse, [177] f.;
  • in indirect questions, [182].
  • See [Shall].
• Should and would, special senses, [126] f.;
  • replacing subjunctive, [123];
  • in clauses of purpose, [130];
  • concessions, [131];
  • in conditional sentences, [131], [171] f.
• Signs, plural of, [36].
• Simple clauses. See [Clauses].
• Simple sentences, [17] ff., [184] f.;
  • analyzed, [188] f.;
  • elaboration of, [212] f.
  • See [Sentences].
• Since, adverb, preposition, conjunction, [86], [153].
• Singular. See [Number].
• Smell, with predicate adjective, [77].
• So as to, [167];
  • so that, [153], [166].
• Solemn (or Biblical) style, [xvii], [56] f., [60], [69], [90], [95], [98] f., [105], [117], [120], [122], [172].
• Some, [64];
  • somewhat, [65].
• Sort, kind, [64].
• Sound, with predicate adjective, [77].
• Split infinitive, [134].
• Still, yet, adverbs or conjunctions, [152].
• Strong verbs, [95], [99];
  • participles, [141];
  • list, [291] ff.
• Style and grammar, [xvi] f.
• Subject, [2];
  • inverted order, [3];
  • omitted, [3], [58], [114], [117], [121], [164] f., [169], [224] ff.;
  • simple and complete, [14] f.;
  • compound, [15], [184] f.;
  • infinitive as, [11], [134] f.;
  • clause as, [20], [139], [159] f., [174] f., [180], [190];
  • case, [41];
  • agreement with verb, [97], [100] ff.;
  • modifiers of, [192] ff.;
  • subject of infinitive, [138].
  • See [Predicate nominative].
• Subject and predicate, [2], [13] ff., [183] ff., [191] ff.
• Subject complement, [41]. See [Predicate nominative].
• Subjunctive mood, [115] f., [118] ff.;
  • forms, [118] f.;
  • uses, [119] ff.;
  • in wishes, etc., [119] f.;
  • concessions, [120] f.;
  • conditions, [120] ff., [170] ff.;
  • clauses of purpose or expectation, [122], [166];
  • with as if, [122], [173];
  • in indirect questions, [181];
  • auxiliaries replacing subjunctive, [123].
• Subordinate clauses, [17] ff.;
  • as parts of speech, [19] ff., [157] ff.;
  • analysis, [186] ff., [189] ff.;
  • combinations of, [210]; variety of use, [216] ff.;
  • special complications, [220] ff.
  • See [Noun], [Adjective], [Adverbial], [Indicative], [Subjunctive].
• Subordinate clauses, meanings of, [163] ff.;
  • place and time, [163] f.;
  • cause, [164];
  • concession, [164] f.;
  • purpose and result, [166] f.;
  • conditional, [167] ff.;
  • comparison and manner, [173];
  • indirect discourse, [173] ff.;
  • indirect questions, [179] ff.
• Subordinate (or subordinating) conjunctions, [151], [153] f., [157].
• Substantive, [4]. See [Noun], [Pronoun].
• Substantive clauses. See [Noun clauses].
• Such, [64];
  • such ... as, [67].
• Superlative of emphasis, [88]. See [Comparison].
• Suppose, supposing, [168].
• Syntax, [xiv], [25] ff.;
  • summary of rules, [311] ff.

• Taste, with predicate adjective, [77].
• Telling, verbs of, direct and indirect object, [50];
  • retained object, [112];
  • object clause, [160];
  • indirect discourse, [174].
• Tense, [94] ff. See [Present], [Past], [Future], [Compound tenses].
• Tenses, use in conditions, [121], [170] ff.;
  • with ought, [126];
  • in indirect discourse, [175], [177] ff.;
  • in indirect questions, [179], [182].
• Termination. See [Endings].
• Than, [87];
  • case after, [173];
  • clauses, [173].
• That, conjunction with subordinate clause, [20] f., [132], [137], [153], [157] ff., [160] ff.;
  • in clauses of purpose, [122] f., [130], [166] f.;
  • result, [166] f.;
  • indirect discourse, [174] ff.;
  • omitted, [153], [160], [175], [225].
• That, demonstrative, [62] ff.;
  • relative, [67] ff.;
  • omitted, [69].
• The, article, [77] ff.;
  • abbreviated to ye, [57];
  • the which, [67];
  • adverb with comparative, [86].
• Then, adverb or conjunction, [152].
• There, expletive, [85].
• Thereof, therewith, etc., [60].
• They, indefinite use, [57].
• Thinking, verbs of, two objects, [50];
  • predicate nominative after passive, [111];
  • object clause, [160];
  • indirect discourse, [174];
  • indirect question, [179].
• This, these, [62] ff.
• Thou, ye, you, [56] f.
• Though, although, [21];
  • mood after, [120] f.
  • See [Concession].
• Till, until, relative adverb, [86];
  • with subjunctive, [122] f.;
  • with should, [123], [130];
  • preposition, [149].
• Time, adverbs of, [83];
  • clauses of, [163] f.;
  • nominative absolute, [144].
• Titles, plural, [38].
• To, with infinitive, [11], [132] ff.;
  • standing for infinitive, [133];
  • expressing purpose, [167];
  • to let, [136];
  • to the end that, [166].
• Too ... to, [167].
• Transition, [152].
• Transitive verbs, [48] ff., [92];
  • used absolutely, [92];
  • passive use of, [110] ff.
  • See [Object].

• Unless, [121] ff., [168].
• Unlike, objective with, [52].
• Until. See [Till].
• Usage and grammar, [xv] ff.

• Verb, [5] ff.;
  • inflection and syntax, [91] ff.;
  • classification, [91] ff.;
  • inflection, [94] ff., [102] ff.;
  • person and number, [97] ff.;
  • agreement with subject, [97], [100] ff.;
  • voice, [107] ff.;
  • progressive form, [113] f.;
  • emphatic form, [114];
  • mood, [115] ff.;
  • potential verb-phrases, [124] ff.;
  • infinitive, [11] f., [132] ff.;
  • participles, [11] f., [140] ff.;
  • lists of verbs, [291] ff.
  • See [Predicate], [Transitive], [Tense], etc.
• Verbal noun in -ing, [145] ff. See [Participial nouns].
• Verbal noun-phrases, [146].
• Verb-phrases, [5], [16], [91];
  • to supply inflection, see [Future], [Complete tenses], [Passive], [Progressive], [Potential], [Subjunctive].
• Vocal organs, [xi].
• Vocabulary of English, [318] f.
• Vocative (direct address), nominative, [42];
  • as independent element, [209].
• Voice, [107] ff. See [Passive].

• We, indefinite use, [57];
  • royal and editorial we, [57].
• Weak verbs, [95] ff., [98] f.;
  • participles, [141];
  • lists, [291] ff.
• We’d, [130].
• Well, [81], [87].
• We’ll, [104].
• Were to, [172].
• What, relative, [71];
  • double construction, [71], [73];
  • as adjective, [73];
  • interrogative, [73] f.;
  • as adjective, [74];
  • in exclamatory sentences, [74];
  • interjection, [74].
• Whatever, whatsoever, [72] f.;
  • in concession, [165];
  • in conditions, [169].
• Whatso, [73].
• When, whenever, [86];
  • in conditions, [169].
• Whence, [86].
• Where, wherever, [86].
• Whereof, wherefrom, etc., [69].
• Whether, whether ... or, [153], [168], [179].
• Which, relative, [67] ff.;
  • gender, [67] ff.;
  • for who, whom, [69];
  • as adjective, [73];
  • the which, [67];
  • interrogative, [73];
  • as adjective, [74].
• Whichever, [72] f.
• While, noun, adverb, conjunction, [86], [153].
• Whither, [86].
• Who, whose, whom, relative, [66] ff.;
  • gender, [67] ff.;
  • interrogative, [73] f., [150].
• Whoever, whosoever, whoso, [72] f.;
  • in concession, [165];
  • in condition, [169].
• Why, [86], [179].
• Will, in orders, [105];
  • in future, see [Shall].
• Wish, subjunctive in, [119] f., [123];
  • may, [125] f.;
  • verbs of, with infinitive or infinitive clause, [137] f.;
  • with object clause, [160], [167];
  • O in a wish, [155];
  • if, [169].
• Words, nature and use of, [xi] ff.
• Wot, wist, [299].
• Would, in wishes, [120];
  • habitual action, [127];
  • would better (rather), [123].
  • See [Should].
• Written and spoken language, [xi] ff.

• Ye, old uses, [57];
  • abbreviation, [57].
• Yes, no, [85].
• Yet, still, adverbs or conjunctions, [152].
• Yon, yond, yonder, [63].
• You and thou, [56] f.;
  • indefinite you, [57].