CHAPTERS X AND XI.
For the exploits of John Paul Jones and of the American navy, Mrs. De Koven's The Life and Letters of John Paul Jones, 2 vols. (1913), Don C. Seitz's Paul Jones, and G. W. Allen's A Naval History of the American Revolution, 2 vols. (1913), should be consulted. Jusserand's With Americans of Past and Present Days (1917) contains a chapter on “Rochambeau and the French in America”; Johnston's The Yorktown Campaign (1881) is a full account; Wraxall, Historical Memoirs of my own Time (1815, reprinted 1904), tells of the reception of the news of Yorktown in England.
The Encyclopœdia Britannica has useful references to authorities for persons prominent in the Revolution and The Dictionary of National Biography for leaders on the British side.
[Index]
A
Abraham, Plains of (QC), American army on, [50].
Adams, Abigail, [49].
Adams, John, in Continental Congress, [8]; journey from Boston to Philadelphia, [9]-[10]; on committee to draft Declaration of Independence, [75]-[76]; excepted from British offer of pardon, [86], [92]; opinion of Philadelphia, [120], [165]; criticism of Washington, [149]; sent to Paris on American Commission, [270]-[271].
Albany (NY), plan to concentrate British forces at, [133].
Allen, Colonel Ethan, [40].
André, Major John, at Philadelphia, [195]; treats with Arnold, [241]-[242]; capture, [242]-[243]; hanged as spy, [243].
Annapolis (MD), Congress at, [275].
Anne, Fort (NY), [129].
Armed neutrality, [206].
Army, American, camp at Cambridge, [27]-[28]; Washington reorganizes, [30]-[35]; food and clothing, [30]-[31], [32] [153]-[156], [166]; composition, [31]-[32], [43]; officers, [32]-[35], [43]-[44]; after Canadian campaign, [51]; desertions, [100], [159]-[160]; plundering by, [111]; pay, [111], [158]-[159], [209]; in 1777, [112]; condition under Gates, [145]; Washington wishes national, [151]; needs of engineers, [152]; hospital service, [152]-[153], [166]-[167]; weapons and artillery, [156]-[158]; religion in, [160]-[161]; supplies from France, [184]; after Valley Forge, [197]; mutinous, [209], [246].
Army, British, food for, [36]; press-gangs, [176]; flogging, [176]; relations between officers and men, [176]-[177]; difficulties of raising, [178]; see also Germans.
Army, French, in America, [235]-[236].
Arnold, Benedict, at Ticonderoga, [40]; through Maine to Canada, [43], [44]-[45]; at Quebec, [45]-[46]; at Crown Point, [52]-[53]; Coke denounces King's reception of, [71]; Washington's trust in, [110], [172]-[173]; at Stillwater, [143]; describes American Army, [155]; treason, [173], [195], [240]-[243]; at West Point, [238]; life at Philadelphia, [239]; tried by court-martial, [239]; reprimanded by Washington, [239]-[240]; in Virginia, [251].
Articles of Confederation, [163].
Assanpink River (NJ), Washington on, [105].
Atrocities, [180], [212]; see also Indians, Prisons.
Augusta (GA), British take, [211]-[212]; falls to Americans, [250].
B
Baltimore (MD), Congress flees to, [100].
Barbados, Washington visits, [22].
Barras, French naval commander, [261].
Baum, Colonel, at Bennington, [131], [132].
Beaumarchais sends munitions to America, [183]-[184].
Bemis Heights (NY), battle, [143].
Bennington (VT), battle of [131]-[132].
Berthier, French officer, [231].
Biggins Bridge (SC), Tarleton's victory at, [216].
Bordentown (NJ), Germans at, [102].
Boston (MA), defiance of British in, [2]; seige, [3], [4], [35]-[36]; Washington's journey to, [9]-[10]; American camp, [27]-[28]; evacuated by British, [48]-[49]; effect of Washington's success at, [81]; Howe feigns setting out for, [114]; safe, [116]; Burgoyne's force at, [146]; Loyalists in, [212].
Braddock, General Edward, Washington with, [22]-[23].
Brandywine (PA) battle of, [119]-[120], [133], [148]; La Fayette at, [169]; Greene at, [171].
Brant, Joseph (Thayendanegea), [134].
Breed's Hill (MA) [4]-[5]; see also Bunker Hill.
Broglie, Comte de, suggested as commander of American army, [185].
Borglie, Prince de, with French armies in America, [232].
Brooklyn Heights (NY), Washington on, [88]-[91].
Buford, Colonel Tarleton attacks, [217].
Bunker Hill (MA), battle of, [4]-[7], [33]; Washington learns of, [10]; significance, [21]; officers at, [33], [35].
Burgoyne, General John, on British behavior at Bunker Hill, [7]; ordered to meet Howe, [68], [112], [113], [124]-[125]; Howe deserts, [116], [130]; life and character, [123]-[124]; at Lake Champlain, [125] et seq.; Indian Allies, [125]-[126], [138]-[140], [144]; takes Fort Ticonderoga, [127]; lack of supplies, [129]-[130]; at Fort Edward, [129]; [130], [141]; and Bennington, [131]-[132]; at Saratoga, [132], [141], [143]; learns of failure of St. Leger, [136]; crosses Hudson, [141]; at Stillwater (Freeman's Farm), [142]-[143]; surrender at Saratoga, [68], [122], [143]-[147], [149]; effect on France of surrender of, [186]; effect of surrender in England, [190], [192].
Burke, Edmund, and conciliation, [69]; and Independence, [190].
Byron, Admiral, sent to aid Howe, [200].
C
Cahokia (IL), Clark at, [223].
Cambridge (MA), American camp, [3], [27]-[28]; Washington at, [10], [30]-[31], [34], [35], [146].
Camden (SC), battle of, [219]-[220], [236].
Canada, campaign against, [37], [38]-[47]; Washington's idea of, [40] France and, [188]; Loyalists take refuge in, [227]-[228].
Carleton, Sir Guy, Governor of Canada, [42]; commands at Quebec, [45]-[46]; operations on Lake Champlain, [52]-[53]; Howe and, [95]; superseded by Burgoyne, [124]; commands at New York, [269]; and Loyalists, [274].
Carroll, Charles, of Carrollton, on commission to Montreal, [50].
Carroll, John, on commission to Montreal, [50].
Catherine II advises England against war, [179].
Catholics, Quebec Act, [38]-[39], [41]; disabilities in England, [208].
Chadd's Ford (PA), Washington at, [118], [119].
Champlain, Lake (NY), plan for conquest of Canada by way of, [43]; operations on, [52]-[53], [95]; Burgoyne at, [125] et seq.; Arnold at, [238].
Charleston (SC), on side of Revolution, [37]; British expedition to, [82]-[83]; Prevost demands surrender, [213]-[214]; Lincoln at, [215]-[217]; surrenders, [217].
Charlestown (MA), location, [3]; burned, [5], [7].
Charlotte (NC), Greene at, [247].
Charlottesville (VA), Cornwallis plans raid of, [252].
Chatham, William Pitt, Earl of, and conciliation with America, [69], [190]; political status, [192], [193].
Cherry Valley, massacre, [229].
Chesapeake Bay, Howe on, [116], [117]; see also Yorktown.
Chew, Benjamin, house as central point in battle at Germantown, [122].
Clark, G.R., expedition, [223].
Clinton, General Sir Henry, [236]; at Charleston, [82], [215]; at New York, [116], [130], [133]; up the Hudson, [143], [145]; succeeds Howe in command, [195]; march from Philadelphia, [196], [197], [198]; retreats at Monmouth Court House, [199]; reaches Newport, [202]; sails for Charleston, [217]-[218]; proclamation, [218]; Rodney relieves, [237]; and Cornwallis, [253]; delay in reinforcing Cornwallis, [262]-[263], [265].
Coke, of Norfolk, wealth, [20], [69]-[70]; and Toryism, [70]-[71]; on American question, [71]-[72]; and Washington, [71], [72], 189.
Colonies, attitude toward England, [55] et seq.; state of society in, [60]; population, [177]-[178]; see also names of colonies.
Continental Congress, Washington at, [1], [259]; selects leader for army, [7]-[9]; Howe's conciliation, [92]-[93]; flees to Baltimore, [100]; loses able men, [110]; hampers Washington, [100]; Gates and, [142]; repudiates Gates terms to Burgoyne, [146]; Gates lays quarrel with Washington before, [150]; and enlistment, [151]; at York, [162], [163]; ineptitude, [163]-[164], [236], [269]-[270], gives Southern command to Gates, [219]; Test Acts, [226]; and French alliance, [244]; borrows money from France, [271]; at Annapolis, [275]. Conway, General, and Stamp Act, [69].
Conway, General Thomas, [110]; “Conway Cabal” against Washington, [149], [150]; leaves America, [151].
Cornwallis, Lord, [230]; at Charleston, [82], crosses Hudson, [97]; goes to Trenton, [104]-[105]; at Princeton, [106]; and Howe, [115]; at the Brandywine, [119]; goes to Charleston, [216]; at Camden, [219]; in North Carolina, [221], [247]-[248]; proclamation, [249]; Guilford Court House, [249]; advance down Cape Fear River, [250]; in Virginia, [251]-[252]; and Clinton, [253]; Yorktown, [254] et seq.; surrender, [264]-[266].
Countess of Scarborough (ship), Jones captures, [205].
Cowpens (SC), battle of, [172], [248].
Cromwell, Oliver, as military leader, [170].
Crown Point (NY), capture of, [52]-[53]; Burgoyne at, [126].
D
Dartmouth, Earl of, Minister of England, [63].
Deane, Silas, envoy to France, [184]-[185].
Declaration of Independence, [75]-[80].
Delaware Bay, British fleet in, [116].
Delaware River, Washington crosses, [102].
Denmark and armed neutrality, [206]-[207].
Detroit (MI), force to check Clark from, [223].
Devonshire, Duke of, costly residence, [18].
Dickinson, John, of Pennsylvania, on Declaration of Independence, [78].
Dilworth, Cornwallis marches on, [119].
Dinwiddie, Governor, Washington and, [16].
Donop, Count von, at Trenton, [102], [104].
Dorchester Heights (MA), American troops on, [47]-[48].
Dumas, French officer with Rochambeau, [231].
Dunmore, Lord, Governor of Virginia, [224].
E
East River (NY), location, [87]; British on, [93].
Edward, Fort, St. Clair retires to, [127]; Burgoyne at, [129], [130]-[141]; Indian raids at, [140]; Burgoyne seeks to return to, [143].
Elkton (MD), Howe at, [116], [118]; American army at, [258].
Emerson, chaplain, diary quoted, [35].
England, in eighteenth century, [16]-[19]; state of society, [19], [59]; Parliament votes tax on colonies, [23]; politics, [24]-[25], [64] et seq., [268]; attitude toward the colonies, [54]-[55], [58]; prosperity, [59]; difficulties in raising army, [178]; France and, [182]-[183], [187]-[188], [191]-[192], [195]-[196], [206], [270]; Whig attitude after French intervention, [189]-[190]; and Spain, [187], [203]-[204], [206]; navy in 1779, [204]; domestic affairs, [207]; treaty of peace, [272]; see also Army, British.
Estaing, Count d', French admiral, [195]; at the Delaware, [196]-[197]; at Sandy Hook, [200]-[201]; at Newport, [201]-[202]; at Savannah, [214]-[215].
Eutaw Springs (SC), battle of, [250].
F
Falmouth (Portland, ME), destroyed, [81].
Ferguson, Major Patrick, [216]; King's Mountain, [221]-[222]; killed, [222].
Fersen, Count, with French army, [232].
Finance, value of continental money, [209]; Franklin procures money in France, [271].
Florida returned to Spain, [273].
Foch, general, quoted, [101].
Fox, C.J., and carelessness of ministers, [68]; urges conciliation, [69].
France, French in Canada, [38]; alliance with, [182] et seq.; and England, [182]-[183], [187]-[188], [191]-[192], [195]-[196], [206], [270]; treaty of friendship with America (1778), [187]; and Canada, [188]; and Spain, [203]; promises soldiers to Washington, [210]; help in 1780, [230] et seq.; bibliography of alliance, [280].
Franklin, Benjamin, on Lexington, [2]; on George III, [25]; member of commission to Montreal, [50]; on committee to meet Howe, [93]; satirizes British ignorance, [138]; in Congress, [164]; induces Hessians to desert, [180]; sent to Paris, [185]; and Loyalists, [225], [270], [271].
Fraser, General, killed, [143].
Frederick the Great, of Prussia, estimate of Washington, [105]; urges France against England, [187].
G
Gage, General Thomas, [72]; at Boston, [3], [4]-[5].
Gates, General Horatio, [98], [110], [172], [173]; in command of Lee's army, [99]-[100]; joins Washington, [100]; discourages Washington, [103]; against Burgoyne, [142]-[145]; intrigue, [149]-[151]; menaces Clinton in New Jersey, [198]; command in the South, [219]; Camden, [219]; Greene supersedes, [247].
George III, American opinions of, [25]; Hamilton on, [39]; character, [60]-[62]; speech in Parliament, [62]-[63]; Washington and, [63], [86]; statue destroyed in New York, [80]; ready to give guarantees of liberty, [115]; effect of news of Ticonderoga on, [127]-[128]; on taxing of America, [190]; and Chatham, [193]; news of Yorktown, [267]-[268].
George, Fort (NY), Burgoyne's supplies from, [129].
Georgia, British in, [211]-[212], [217].
Germain, Lord George, failure to send orders to Howe, [68], [125]; instructions to Burgoyne, [112]; plans campaign from England, [130]-[131]; censures Howe, [194]; in Seven Years' War, [230]; news of Yorktown, [267].
Germans, hold line of the Delaware, [102]; plundering, [111]; at Bennington, [131]-[132]; with Burgoyne, [144], [145]; Steuben's part in Revolutionary War, [174]-[176]; benefit to British, [179]-[180]; desertions, [180]-[181], [199].
Germantown (PA), Howe's camp at, [121]; battle of, [122], [148]; Greene at, [171].
Gibraltar, Spain besieges, [270]; not returned to Spain, [273].
Gloucester, Cornwallis holds, [263].
Gordon, Lord Adam, on Philadelphia, [215]; opinion of Charleston, [215].
Gordon, Lord George, leads London riot, [208].
Grasse, Comte de, commands French fleet, [256]; at Chesapeake Bay, [260], [261]-[262]; sails south, [265]; Rodney captures, [266], [270].
Great Britain, see England.
Greene, General Nathanael, [110]; at Bunker Hill, [4]; advocates independence, [75]; commands Fort Washington, [96]-[97]; harasses Cornwallis, [105]; at Germantown, [122]; at Valley Forge, [170]-[171]; in Rhode Island, [201]; on Congress, [236]; supersedes Gates in South, [247]; Guilford Court House, [249]; at Hobkirk's Hill, [250].
Grey, Sir Charles, Howe and, [115].
Guilford Court House (NC), [249].
H
Hamilton, Alexander, [238]; and Washington, [16], [168]; on Quebec Act, [39].
Hancock, John, desires post as Commander-in-Chief, [8].
Harlem River (NY), location, [87].
Hastings, Marquis of, [6]; see also Rawdon, Lord.
Henry, Patrick, speech, [57].
Henry, Cape (VA), naval battle off, [261].
Herkimer, General Nicholas, battle of Oriskany, [135].
Hessians, see Germans.
Hillsborough (NC), Cornwallis issues proclamation at, [249].
Hobkirk's Hill (SC), Rawdon defeats Greene at, [250].
Holkham, Lord Leicester's residence at, [18]; Coke's residence at, [69]-[70], [71].
Holland joins England's enemies [206], [246].
Hood, Sir Samuel, British admiral, [261].
Howe, Richard, Lord, commands fleet reaching New York, [84], [86]; Whig sympathy, [85]; personal characteristics, [85]; letter to Washington, [86]-[87]; seeks peace, [92]-[93]; takes fleet to Newport, [100]; proclamation, [101]; and evacuation of Philadelphia, [196]-[197]; expects naval flight off Sandy Hook, [200]-[201]; at Newport, [202]; refuses to serve Tory Admiralty, [207].
Howe, General Sir William, at Bunker Hill, [5]; succeeds Gage in command, [5], [36]; evacuates Boston, [47]-[48]; and Burgoyne, [68], [112], [116]-[117], [130], [142]; personal characteristics, [84]; attitude toward Revolution, [84]; lands army on Staten Island, [86]; battle of Long Island, [87]-[90]; in New York, [93]-[95]; plans to meet Carleton, [95]; battle of White Plains, [96]; Fort Washington, [96]-[97]; takes Fort Lee, [98]; and Lee, [99], [112]-[113]; at Trenton, [100]; proclamation, [101], [111]; goes to New York for Christmas, [102]; dilatoriness, [109], [110]; takes Philadelphia, [109], [112], [120], [149]; plan for 1777, [112]-[113]; sails for Chesapeake Bay, [115]-[116]; at the Brandywine, [118]-[119], [133]; and Pennsylvanians, [120]-[121]; at Germantown, [121]-[122]; leaves Philadelphia, [194]; Clinton succeeds, [195].
Hudson River (NY), advantages of plan to sail up, [82]; location of mouth, [87]; British on, [93], [96]-[98]; Washington guards, [209]-[210], [211], [236], [237]-[238], see also West Point.
I
Independence, [54] et seq.; see also Declaration of Independence.
Independence, Fort [127].
India, France against British in, [206].
Indians, allies of Burgoyne, [125], [133], [138], [139]-[140], [144]; with St. Leger, [134]-[136]; aid loyalists in Wyoming massacre, [229].
Ireland, Declaration of Independence, [208].
J
Jay, John, on Declaration of Independence, [78]; opinion of Congress, [162]; on American Commission, [270].
Jefferson, Thomas, and Declaration of Independence, [75]-[77]; on Lafayette, [170]; British plan to capture, [252].
Johnson, Sir John, with St. Leger, [133]-[134], [135].
Johnson, Samuel, quoted, [58].
Johnson, Sir William, [134].
Jones, John Paul, [204]-[206]; bibliography, [281].
K
Kalb, Baron de, part in Revolutionary War, [173]-[174]; killed, [220].
Kaskaskia (IL), Clark at [223].
Kennett Square (PA), British camp at, [118].
Keppel, Admiral, and London riots, [207].
King's Mountain (SC), battle of, [221]-[222].
Knox, Henry,Washington values service of, [110], [171]-[172].
Knyphausen, General, and Howe, [115]; at the Brandywine, [118]; effective service, [179]-[180].
Kosciuszko, in American army, [173]
L
Lafayette, Marquis de, [182], [230], [238]; and Washington, [13], [168], [169]; and independence of America, [30]; personal characteristics, [169]-[170]; volunteers through Deane's influence, [185]; with Lee at Monmouth Court House, [198]-[199]; sent to France (1779), [210]; as interpreter for Washington and Rochambeau, [234]; in Virginia, [251]-[252].
Lansdowne, Marquis of, see Shelburne, Lord.
Laurens, Henry, on American Commission, [270].
Lauzun, Duc de, with French army in America, [231]-[232], [233].
Laval-Montmorency, French officer in America, [232].
Lee, Arthur, on commission to Paris, [185].
Lee, General Charles, [150], [172]; Washington writes to, [30]; at Fort Washington, [98]; disobeys Washington, [98]-[99]; letter to Gates, [99]; captured, [99]; and Howe, [99], [112]-[113]; freed by exchange of prisoners, [173]; personal characteristics, [173]; and training of recruits, [176]; at Monmouth Court House, [198]-[199]; court-martialed, [199]; suspended, [199]; dismissed from army, [199].
Lee. R.H., and Declaration of Independence, [75].
Lee, Fort (NJ) [96]; Washington at, [97]; falls to British, [97], [98].
Leicester, Lord , costly residence at Holkham, [18].
Lexington (MA), Battle of, [2], [21].
Lincoln, Abraham, quoted, [29]; and Declaration of Independence, [76], [77]-[78].
Lincoln, General Benjamin, at Ticonderoga, [142]; southern campaign, [214], [215], [217], [264].
Long Island (NY),battle of, [87]-[90], [91].
Loyalists, Howe and Pennsylvania, [162]; plundering, [203], [228]; in South, [212]-[213]; Clinton's proclamation to, [218]; decline in strength, [224]; punishments, [225]-[226]; Test Acts, [226]; question of compensation of, [272]; gather in New York to claim British protection, [274]; bibliography, [281].
Luzerne, French minister, [258].
M
McCrae, Jennie, carried off by Indians, [140].
McNeil, Mrs., carried off by Indians, [140].
Maine, Arnold's expedition, [43], [44].
Marie Antoinette, Queen, zeal for liberal ideas, [183]; Fersen friend of, [232].
Marion, Francis, guerrilla leader, [220], [247].
Marlborough, Duke of, costly residence, [18].
Martha's Vineyard (MA), Loyalist refugees plunder, [228].
Maryland, and independence, [75]; Howe plans to secure control of, [113].
Massachusetts, Suffolk County defies England, [28]-[29]; North and constitution of, [191]; list of Loyalists, [226].
Minorca returned to Spain, [273].
Mirabeau, French officer in America, [232].
Mississippi River becomes western frontier of United States, [273].
Monmouth Court House (NJ), battle of, [198]-[199]; Lee at, [176].
Montgomery, General Richard, expedition to Canada, [43]; at Quebec, [45]-[46]; death, [46]-[47], [48].
Montreal, Montgomery enters, [44]; Commission sent to, [50]; evacuated, [51]; St. Leger reaches, [136].
Morgan, Captain Daniel, at Quebec, [46]; with Greene, [247]; at Cowpens, [248].
Morris, Gouveneur, opinion of Congress, [162].
Morristown (NJ), American headquarters at, [99], [106], [110].
Moultrie, Fort (SC), battle at, [83].
Mount Vernon (VA), Washington's estate, [20], [259], [275].
Murray, Mrs., saves Putnam's army, [94].
N
Narragansett Bay (RI), British blockade French fleet in, [234].
Navy, American, Jones and, [204]-[206]; need for supremacy, [231].
Necessity, Fort (PA), surrender of, [148].
New Bedford (MA), Loyalists burn, [228].
New England, question of leader from, [8]; and Washington, [11]; character of people, [29]; equality in, [33]; on independence, [75]; revolutionary, [81]; and Indians, [137]; and Burgoyne, [145]; States jealous of, [164]-[165].
New Hampshire offers bounty for Indian scalps, [137]-[138].
New Jersey, Washington's flight across, [97], [100]; Lee retreats to, [99]; loyalty, [110]; Howe's proclamation, [110]; Washington recovers, [106]; Howe moves across, [110], [114]; Clinton crosses, [196], [197].
New York, on independence, [75]; Howe's proclamation, [101]; Howe's plan to hold, [113]; acquires Loyalist lands, [228].
New York City (NY), on side of Revolution, [37]; Washington plans to hold, [37]-[38]; loss of, [53], [81] et seq., [108], [148]; statue of King destroyed, [80]; burned, [94]-[95]; Washington plans march to, [116]; for naval defence, [195]; Loyalists take refuge in, [227]; French army moves toward, [253]; Washington returns to, [269]; Washington bids farewell to army at, [274].
Newgate jail burned, [208].
Newport (RI), Lord Howe's fleet at, [100]; British hold, [201]; French fleet sails into, [233]; French army leaves, [253].
Noailles, Vicomte de, on foot from Newport to Yorktown, [259].
Norfolk (VA), destroyed, [81].
North, Lord, Prime Minister, [63]-[64], [190]-[191]; George III writes to, [61]; seeks to retire, [192], [193]; and news of Yorktown, [267]; resigns, [268].
North Carolina, and independence, [75]; campaign in, [247]-[251].
Northwest, United States retains, [273].
Nova Scotia, Washington's belief of sympathy in, [42]; Loyalists go to, [227].
O
Ogg, F.A. The Old Northwest, cited, [224].
Oriskany (NY), battle of, [135].
P
Paine, Thomas, [74]; Common Sense, [75].
Palliser, Sir Hugh, and British naval quarrel, [207],
Panther, Wyandot chief, shows scalp of Miss McCrae, [140].
Parker, Admiral Sir Peter, before Fort Moultrie, [82]-[83].
Pennsylvania, and independence, [75]; loyalty, [101]; Howe plans to secure control of, [113]; “Black Lists” of Loyalists, [226].
Percy, Earl, opinion of rebels in America, [32].
Petersburg (VA), Arnold at, [251].
Philadelphia (PA), second Continental Congress at, [1], [7]-[9]; Washington sets out from, [9]; on side of Revolution, [37]; Paine in, [74]; Howe plans to secure, [100], [101]; loss of, [108] et seq., [148]; Howe leaves, [194]; Mischianza in, [194]-[195]; British abandon, [196]; Loyalists hanged in, [226]; Arnold in command at, [238]; French army reviewed in, [257]-[258].
Pigot, General, at Newport, [201].
Pitt, William, see Chatham, Earl of.
Politics, see England.
Prescott, Colonel, at Bunker Hill, [4];
Preston, Major, British officer at St. Johns, [44].
Prevost, General Augustine, at Charleston, [213]-[214].
Prices, [167].
Princeton (NJ), Cornwallis at, [106].
Prisons, British prison-ships, [153]; London riots, [208].
Privateers, checked at Newport, [100]; France and, [186].
Providence (RI), Greene and Sullivan at, [201].
Putnam, Israel, at Bunker Hill, [4],[6]; leaves New York, [94].
Q
Quebec (QC), Arnold and Montgomery before, [45]-[46], [49]-[50], [82], [98], [238]; Morgan at, [172], [247].
Quebec Act, [38]-[39], [41].
R
Rahl, Colonel, at Trenton, [102]; killed, [104].
Rawdon, Lord Francis, at Bunker Hill, [6]; at Camden, [219], [250].
Reed, Joseph, charge against Arnold, [239].
Revolutionary War, bibliography, [277]-[278].
Rhode Island, British control, [100]; Washington's campaign against, [201]-[202]; British evacuate, [211].
Richmond, Duke of, opinion of Revolution, [69].
Richmond (VA), Arnold burns, [251].
Riedesel, General, at Lake Champlain, [125]; effective service to British, [179]-[180].
Riedesel, Baroness, reports conditions in New England, [137].
Rochambeau, Comte de, leader of French army in America, [230]-[231]; idea of naval supremacy, [231], [255]; and Washington, [234], [236], [237]; on American situation (1781), [246]; goes to Yorktown, [258]; in Virginia, [269].
Rockingham, Marquis of, Prime Minister, [268].
Rodney, Admiral, arrives in America, [236]; captures St. Eustatius, [246]; captures Grasse, [266], [270].
Russia, British endeavor to get troops in, [179]; Armed Neutrality, [206].
S
St. Clair, General Arthur, at Fort Ticonderoga, [127].
St. Eustacius, captured by Rodney, [246].
St. Johns, Montgomery captures, [44].
St. Leger, General Barry, at Fort Stanwix, [133]-[134]; at Oriskany, [135]-[136].
Saint-Simon, French officer in America, [232].
Sandy Hook (NY), French fleet at, [200], [201].
Saratoga (NY), Burgoyne at, [132], [141], [143]; Burgoyne's surrender, [68], [122], [143]-[147], [149], [186]; Arnold at, [238]; Morgan at, [247].
Savannah (GA), British land at, [211].
Savile, Sir George, opinion of the Revolution, [69].
Schuyler, General Philip, goes to Canada by way of Lake Champlain, [43]; Gates supersedes, [142].
Serapis (ship), Jones captures, [205].
Shelburne, Lord, Prime minister, [268].
Shippen, Margaret, [195]; marries Arnold, [239].
Simcoe, General J.G., with Clinton at Charleston, [216]; Governor of Upper Canada, [228].
Skinner, C. L., Pioneers of the Old Southwest, cited [222].
Slavery, Washington as a slave-owner, [21].
Slave-trade, Declaration of Independence makes King responsible for, [77].
South, war in the, [211] et seq.
South Carolina, neutrality proposed, [213]; British control, [217].
Spain, against England, [187], [203]-[204], [206]; navy, [187]; and Gibraltar, [270]; and peace treaty, [272].
Stamp Act, [69], [183], [192].
Stanwix (NY), Fort, St. Leger before, [133]-[134].
Staten Island (NY), Howe on, [86], [87], [115].
States, Congress and, [163].
Steuben, Baron von, service in Revolution, [174]-[175]; in Virginia, [247].
Stillwater (NY), American camp at, [141]; Burgoyne attacks Gates at, [142]-[143]; Burgoyne's defeat, [143].
Stirling, Lord, prisoner, [89].
Stony Point (NY), [99].
Stuart, Gilbert, and Washington, [16].
Sullivan, General John, takes prisoner at battle of Long Island, [89]; sent by Howe to interview Congress, [92]; exchanged, [99]; at Morristown, [99]; and Washington, [110]-[111]; at Germantown, [122]; at Providence, [201].
Sumter, Thomas, guerrilla leader, [220], [247].
Sweden, Armed Neutrality, [206].
T
Talleyrand, French officer in America, [232].
Tarleton, Colonel Banastre, raids, [216], [217]; at Camden, [219]-[220]; and Marion, [221]; King's Mountain, [248]; takes Charlottesville (VA), [252]-[253]; in Yorktown, [263]; and Cornwallis, [264].
Terrible (ship), [261].
Test Acts, [226].
Thayendanegea (Joseph Brant), [134].
Thomas, General, on Plains of Abraham, [50].
Thompson, General, attacks Three River, [51].
Three Rivers (QC), attack on, [51].
Throg's Neck (NY), Howe at, [95].
Ticonderoga (NY), Fort, captured by Allen, [39]-[40], [42]; Arnold retreats to, [53]; Burgoyne lays siege to, [126]-[127]; Lincoln besieges, [142].
Tories, plundering of, [111]; see also Loyalists.
Toronto (ON), Loyalists in, [228].
Transportation, need of military engineers for, [152].
Trenton (NJ), Howe at, [100]; attack on, [101]-[107], [109]; Greene at, [171].
Tryon, Governor of New York, [225].
V
Valley Forge (PA) Washington at, [148] et seq.; Washington leaves, [196].
Vergennes, French Foreign Minister, 182-183, [184], [197], [271].
Vincennes, Clark at, [223].
Virginia, choice of a commander from, [8]; state of society, [19]-[20], [32]-[33]; on independence, [73]; Convention changes church service, [79]; Burgoyne's force in, [146]; covets lands in Northwest, [222]; Steuben in, [247]; Cornwallis in, [251].
Vulture (sloop of war), [241], [242], [243].
W
Walpole, Horace [59], [64], [73]-[74]; Gates godson of, [142]; quoted, [217].
Ward, General Artemus, and siege of Boston, [3].
Washington, George, at second Continental Congress, [1], [259]; champion of colonial cause, [1]-[2], [23]-[24], [59]; chosen Commander-in-Chief, [8]-[9]; journey to Boston, [9]-[11]; personal characteristics, [11], [13]-[16], [109]; life, [11]; as a landowner, [12]; education, [13]; contrasted with English country gentlemen, [17]-[20]; wealth; [20], [56]; as a farmer, [20]-[21]; a slave-owner, [21]; with Braddock, [22]-[23]; opinion of George III, [25], [63]; not a professional soldier, [27]; reorganizes army, [30]-[35]; favors conscription, [34]; at Boston, [36]; plans against Canada, [40]-[43]; mourns Montgomery, [47]; hated of British, [57]-[58]; Coke and, [71], [72], [189]; advocates independence, [75]; headquarters in New York, [82], [87]; Howe's letter to, [86]-[87]; at Brooklyn Heights, [88]-[91]; exposed to enemy in New York, [93]; and Congress, [96], [146], [163]-[164]; Lee and, [98]-[99], [199]; retreats across New Jersey, [100]; attack upon Trenton, [101]-[107], [109]; on Howe's dilatoriness, [109]; in New Jersey, [110]; and Sullivan, [111]; policy toward Loyalists, [111]; on plundering, [111]; need of maps, [111]; and Howe, [113]-[115], [118], [120], [142]; and Burgoyne, [116]; at the Brandywine, [118]-[119]; Germantown, [121]-[122]; at Valley Forge, [148] et seq.; religion, [161]; relations with staff, [167]-[168]; as military leader, [170]; volunteers come to, [174]; distrustful of France, [188]-[189]; celebrates French alliance, [193]; army occupies Philadelphia, [196]; follows Clinton across New Jersey, [197]-[198]; Monmouth Court House, [199]; despair of, 1779-1780, [208]-[209]; guards Hudson, [209]-[210]; French under, [210]; opinion of Tories, [227]; and Rochambeau, [234], [236], [237], [255]; reprimands Arnold, [239]-[240]; and Andre, [243]; plan differs from French, [255]; march to Yorktown, [255] et seq.; and Carleton, [269]; believes self-interest dominant in politics, [271]-[272]; bids farewell to army, [274]; gives up command, [275]; at Mount Vernon, [275]; influences upon future, [275]-[276]; bibliography, [278].
Washington, Fort (NY), held by Americans, [96]-[97]; British take, [97].
West Indies, conquests restored, [273].
West Point (NY), fortification, [236], [237]-[238]; Arnold in command, [238]; plot to surrender, [240]-[244].
White Plains (NY), battle of, [96].
Wight, Isle of, plan to seize, [204].
Wilkes, John, introduces bill into Parliament, [191].
Wilmington (NC), British fleet reaches, [82]; Cornwallis in, [250].
Winslow, Edward, quoted, [49].
Wyoming (PA) massacre, [229].
Y
York (PA), Congress at, [162], [163].
Yorktown, Cornwallis surrenders at, [228], [247] et seq.
[The Chronicles of America Series]
- The Red Man's Continent
by Ellsworth Huntington - The Spanish Conquerors
by Irving Berdine Richman - Elizabethan Sea-Dogs
by William Charles Henry Wood - The Crusaders of New France
by William Bennett Munro - Pioneers of the Old South
by Mary Johnson - The Fathers of New England
by Charles McLean Andrews - Dutch and English on the Hudson
by Maud Wilder Goodwin - The Quaker Colonies
by Sydney George Fisher - Colonial Folkways
by Charles McLean Andrews - The Conquest of New France
by George McKinnon Wrong - The Eve of the Revolution
by Carl Lotus Becker - Washington and His Comrades in Arms
by George McKinnon Wrong - The Fathers of the Constitution
by Max Farrand - Washington and His Colleagues
by Henry Jones Ford - Jefferson and his Colleagues
by Allen Johnson - John Marshall and the Constitution
by Edward Samuel Corwin - The Fight for a Free Sea
by Ralph Delahaye Paine - Pioneers of the Old Southwest
by Constance Lindsay Skinner - The Old Northwest
by Frederic Austin Ogg - The Reign of Andrew Jackson
by Frederic Austin Ogg - The Paths of Inland Commerce
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by Constance Lindsay Skinner - The Spanish Borderlands
by Herbert E. Bolton - Texas and the Mexican War
by Nathaniel Wright Stephenson - The Forty-Niners
by Stewart Edward White - The Passing of the Frontier
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by William E. Dodd - The Anti-Slavery Crusade
by Jesse Macy - Abraham Lincoln and the Union
by Nathaniel Wright Stephenson - The Day of the Confederacy
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by William R. Shepherd
[Transcriber Notes]
This document was transcribed from the Abraham Lincoln Edition of Volume 12 of the Chronicles of America series, but more closely matches the Textbook Edition. The Abraham Lincoln edition has eight pages of photos and two maps depicting the northern and southern campaigns of The Revolutionary War. The Textbook Edition of The Chronicles of America series omits the illustrations available in the Abraham Lincoln Edition. The illustrations have not been scanned in, so consider this book the equivalent of the Textbook Edition. We have also transcribed the index and added hyperlinks to the pages for ease of use. You will not see the page numbers in epub or Kindle books, but the anchors should still remain.
[P289] - The author misspelled Kennett Square, PA. The mushroom capital of the world was the home of Hall of Fame baseball pitcher Herb Pennock, who was in the starting rotation for the Boston Red Sox when this book was written, but not yet a star. Pennock earned his Hall of Fame stripes starting for the Murderer's Row Yankees. The left-handed pitcher was nick-named The Knight of Kennett Square because his descendants migrated with William Penn. The author spelled the town Kenneth Square.