CONTENTS.
THE HUMAN FOOT.
Why are the generality of persons so ignorant of the structure of their own bodies? p. [1]. The dependence of the hand upon the foot, [3]. Principle of “division of Labour” illustrated in the animal world, [4]; and in the function of locomotion, [6].
Structure of Lower Limb, [8]. Length of Leg in Giants, [9]. Bones of Foot, ib. Peculiarity of Great Toe, [10]. Uniformity in plan, and dissimilarity in detail seen throughout nature, [13]. Homologous parts in animals, [14]. Comparison of Horse’s Leg with Man’s, [15]. The Arch of the foot, [18]; its elasticity greater in the fore part than in the hinder, [21]. The Component bones held together by Ligaments, [24]. Weak Ankle and Flat Foot, [27], [74]; time of life at which they occur, [31]. Injurious effects of “High-lows,” [29].
Movements of the Foot, [33]; compared with those of the Head, [35]. Nature’s abhorrence of straight lines illustrated by shape of leg-bone, [37], and by movements of leg upon thigh, [39]. Sitting upon the heel, ib. Grecian and Egyptian statuary compared, [40]. Relation of Perfection and Beauty, [41].
Muscles of Leg and Foot, [42]. Purpose served by movements of Infants, [46]. Club-foot, [47]. Shape of the ankle, [48]. Length and direction of the heel, [50]. The Calf, ib.; characteristic of man, [53]. European Leg and Foot contrasted with Negro’s, [51]. Chinese foot, [54]. Tendency of different races to exaggerate their peculiarities, [56]. Provision for enabling balls of toes to adapt themselves to uneven surfaces, [57].
Standing, [59]. Bowing, Stooping and Squatting, [61]. Walking, [62]. Running, [64]. Trotting and Galloping, [67]. Rolling in walking, [69]. Sprained ankle, [70]. Mode in which foot revolves on the ground, [73]. Character shown in walking, [76]. The Idiot, [80]. The Drunkard, [81].
Distinctive features of the Human Foot, [82]; most marked in highest races, [91]. The Toes of small size and, comparatively, unimportant, [84]. The foot of the Elephant, [86]; of the Hippopotamus, Rhinoceros, Ox, and Horse, [87]; of the Gorilla, [88]. Proportions of the limbs, [94]. Foot and hand small in very short and very tall persons, [96]. The foot measure, [97].
Skin of the sole, [98]. On Shoes, [102].
THE HUMAN HAND.
Hand how distinguished from Foot, [109]. Construction of Upper limb, [110]. Small bones rarely dislocated, [112].
Movements at Shoulder very free, [114]; conducive to good development of Chest, [125]. Uses of Collar-bone, [116]. Injuries to Shoulder why so frequent, [119]. Shape of Chest, [122]; in Rhinoceros, [120]; in Monkey, [123].
Movements at the Elbow, [126]. Pronation and Supination of the forearm and hand, ib. No exactly corresponding movements in lower limb, [129]. Muscles by which they are effected, [130]. Anatomical reason for the direction in which we turn a screw or a gimlet, [132].
Structure and movements of the Wrist, [134]. Movements of the Fingers, [136]. Muscles by which they are effected, [137]. Movements of the Thumb, [141]; of the metacarpal bones upon the wrist, [143]. Advantage gained by the fingers and thumb all differing in length, [145]. Middle finger the centre about which the others move, [147]. On holding the Pen, ib. The direction in which the letters are slanted, [148]. Writing from left to right, [149]. Reason for the RING being placed upon the fourth finger, [150]. The “funny-bone,” [153].
The Monkey’s Hand, [154], [187].
The hand the organ of the Will, [156]; its relation to the Mind, [157]; an organ of Expression, [159]. Shaking hands, [162]. Why do we shake hands? [162]. Why do we Kiss? [164].
Structure of the Skin, [165]. The Cuticle, [166]; its uses, [167]. The Rete Mucosum, [166]. Cause of the colour of the Skin, [167]. The Cutis, [168]. Difference between a Wart and a Corn, [170]. How to cut Corns, [172].
Nails; their formation and growth, [173]. Claws in lower animals, [173], [175]. Sensitiveness of the Skin beneath the nails, [177].
Hairs; their formation, [178]; colour, [179]; uses, [180].
Oil-Glands; their uses, the odour of their secretion, [180].
Sweat-Glands, [183]; their structure, ib. The “Pores” of the Skin, [183]. The moisture of the palm, [184]. Cold Sweat, ib.
Feeling and Touch, [185]. Structure of the three parts in which they are most acute, ib. The “Pulps” of the fingers connected with peculiar shape of the bones, [186]; their sensitiveness to cold, [187]. Distinction between Common Feeling and the Sense of Touch, [188]. Relation between the two in the Tongue, the Eye and the Hand, [189]. The tentacle of a Polyp a rudimentary hand, [191]. Acuteness of touch in man, [193]; in Blind persons, ib.
Relation of the hand to the Eye and the Mouth, [195]. The Elephant’s Trunk, [197]. Cheiromancy, [198]. The Lock-jaw fallacy, [200]. Cause of the superiority of the Right Hand, [201]. “This unworthy hand!” [205].
Explanation of Wood-cuts, [207].