| Fig. | page | |
| [1] | 9 | Bones of foot, with the lower ends of the two
leg-bones. |
| [2] | 11 | Bones of the hind foot of a seal, with lower ends
of leg-bones. |
| [3] | 11 | The same of the hind foot of a lizard. |
| [4] | 14 | Side view of the pelvis and lower limb of man.
A, the haunch-bone. B, the ischium, or part upon
which we sit. C, the thigh-bone. D, the knee-pan.
E, the tibia, or larger leg-bone, with the
fibula, or smaller leg-bone, alongside it. F, the
heel-bone. G, the metatarsal bones. H, I, K, the
phalanges, or bones of the toes. |
| [5] | 14 | Similar view of the pelvis and hind limb of a horse.
The letters refer to the same parts as in the preceding
figure. |
| [6] | 18 | Represents a section through the lower end of the
tibia and through the heel-bone, the astragalus,
navicular bone, inner cuneiform bone, and the bones
of the great toe. It shows the arrangement of
these bones in the arch of the foot and the disposition
of the plates of which these bones are composed.
|
| [7] | 25 | The same bones as in preceding, with two connecting
ligaments. A, the plantar ligament. B, ligament
passing from the heel-bone F to the scaphoid bone
E. D the Astragalus. C, one of two small bones,
called sesamoid bones, usually found at the ball of
the great toe. |
| [8] | 29 | A foot, in an aggravated condition of “flat-foot.”
The sole is convex, and so is the inner margin
of the foot. It represents also another common
deformity, inasmuch as the great toe runs athwart
the second toe, which is pressed almost out of
sight. |
| [9] | 38 | Front view of the right tibia, or larger leg-bone. |
| [10] | 38 | Right tibia lying on a board. The inner, as well
as the outer edge, of the upper end rests upon the
board; but the inner edge of the lower end is
turned away from the board. In other words, the
bone is so twisted that, though the upper end
lies flat upon the board, the lower end touches
it only by its outer edge. |
| [11] | 40 | Figure sitting upon the heel to draw the bow. It is
one of a beautiful series of statues in the Glyptothek
at Munich. They adorned the pediments
of a temple in Ægina, and are supposed to represent
the noble actions of the Æacidæ. |
| [12] | 42 | Represents some of the muscles and tendons seen
on the inner side of the leg and foot. A, Gastro-
cnemius and Soleus muscles. They are attached,
above, to the thigh-bone and the leg-bones; below,
by means of the Tendo Achillis (a) to the heel-bone;
they together form the calf-muscle. B,
Posterior tibial muscle attached, above, to the
tibia, below, by its tendon (b) to the scaphoid
bone. D, process of the tibia called the internal
malleolus or inner ankle. F, Anterior tibial muscle
attached, above, to the front of the tibia, below,
to the scaphoid bone. k, the flexor tendon of the
great toe. |
| [13] | 44 | Gives a corresponding view of the outer side of the
leg and foot. E, the lower end of the fibula,
called the external malleolus, or outer ankle. C,
the short fibular muscle attached, above, to the
fibula; below, by its tendon (c), to the outer
metatarsal bone. I, the long fibular muscle. Its
tendon (i) runs, behind the outer ankle and under
the instep, to the metatarsal bone of the great
toe; it is not seen in the latter part of its course.
G, the anterior fibular muscle attached by its tendon
g to the outer metatarsal bone. h, the extensor
tendons of the toes. |
| [14] | 47 | Foot of a young woman presenting the variety of
“club-foot” called “Talipes varus.” The sole is
very much bent, and turned inwards and upwards,
so that the part of the instep which should be above
and in front is directed downwards and comes into
contact with the ground. |
| [15] | 49 | Diagram (from Bell’s Anatomy) showing the mode
in which the extensor tendons of the toes follow
the curve of the ankle and are bound to it by
cross straps, instead of taking the direct course
represented by the line a. |
| [16] | 52 | Foot and leg from the cast of the Farnese Hercules
in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge. |
| [17] | 52 | Foot and leg of a Negro. |
| [18] | 52 | Outline of under surface of foot of an Englishman. |
| [19] | 52 | Outline of under surface of foot of a Negro. |
| [20] | 55 | Skeleton of the foot of a Chinese female. From a
drawing by B. Cooper, in Phil. Trans. |
| [21–25] | 57 | Sections, from above downwards, through the tarso-metatarsal
joints. A, metatarsal bone. B, tarsal
bone. C, C, the ligaments connecting the two.
|
| [26–29] | 59 | Figures standing, bowing, stooping, and squatting. |
| [30–32] | 62 | Figures walking. |
| [33–35] | 62 | Position of foot in three stages of a step in walking. |
| [36–38] | 65 | Figures running. |
| [39] | 86 | Bones of the left hind limb of an Elephant. |
| [40] | 86 | Bones of the left hind limb of a Hippopotamus. |
| [41] | 86 | Bones of the left hind limb of a Rhinoceros. |
| [42] | 86 | Bones of the left hind limb of an Ox. |
| [43] | 86 | Bones of the left hind limb of a Horse. |
| [44] | 89 | Hind limb of a Gorilla, showing the length of the
digits, and the strong inner digit diverging from
the others. |
| [45] | 90 | Drawing of stuffed specimen of a Gorilla in the
British Museum. |
| [46] | 98 | Section of a foot, showing the disposition of the fibres
that run from the bones and plantar ligament to
the skin of the sole. At the heel the greater number
of the fibres are seen to run backwards from
the heel-bone to the skin. At the end of the
great toe and beneath the ball of the toe they run,
for the most part, forwards, from the bones and
plantar ligament, to the skin. |
| [47] | 103 | View of the sole of a foot in its natural state. |
| [48] | 103 | Outline of the sole of a shoe, as commonly made for
a man’s foot. |
| [49] | 103 | Sole of the foot of a girl twenty-two years old, distorted
by the pressure of the shoe, but otherwise
healthy. |
| [50] | 103 | View of the skeleton of a foot so deformed, from
above. |
| [51] | 105 | The proper sole for a shoe laid, for the sake of
comparison, on the symmetrical sole of the ordinary
shape. |
| [52] | 105 | The proper sole pointed at the toes. |