LIST OF INSERTS

[1].Storm King HighwayFrontispiece
A Great Engineering Project Along the Hudson between Cornwall and West Point, N. Y.
PAGE
[2].The Appian Way 22
Showing the original Paving Stones laid 300 B.C.
[3].Map of Italy 24
Showing Some of the Twenty or More Roads that Radiated from Rome.
[4].Map of Roman Roads in England 26
(After Jackman: “Development of Transportation in Modern England.”)
[5].Map of the North-Eastern Portion of the United States 36
Showing the Location of Well-known Portages. There Were Other Portages Wherever Two Water CoursesCame Near to Each Other. (See Farrand: “American Nation,” Vol. I, and Thwaites, Ib. Vol. VII.)
[6].Map 42
Showing Main Highways and Waterways in the United States about 1830. When the Railroads Entered the Industrial Arena, the Country Was Being Covered With a Net Work of Highways. (Based on Tanner’s Map of 1825 and Turner in “American Nation,” Vol. XIV.)
[7].Map 54
Showing Transcontinental Trails in the United States.
[8].Way Bill 66
Used on the Slaymaker Stage Line from Lancaster to Philadelphia,1815. (Courtesy of Prof. P. K. Slaymaker, Lincoln, Nebr.)
[9].The Sault Ste. Marie Canal 76
[10].The Evolution of the Railway Train 102
  • 1. The First Railway Coach—1825.
  • 2. Horse Power Locomotive—1829-30.
  • 3. Stourbridge Lion—1829.
  • 4. Stevenson’s Rocket Locomotive—1829.
  • 5. The DeWitt Clinton Locomotive—1831.
  • (From Brown’s “First Locomotive”—Courtesy of D. Appleton & Company.)
[11].Modern Locomotives 120
  • 1. Showing the Growth in the Size of Locomotives During the Past Twenty Years. The Smaller Locomotive is anAmerican Type Class Engine of 1900. The Larger is a Mountain Type Engine. Both are Used on the C. B.& Q. R. R. Photographed at Lincoln, Nebr., Sept., 1922.
  • 2. One of the New Gearless Electric Locomotives Built by the General Electric Company for the C. M. &St. Paul R. R.
[12].Transportation Across Death Valley 126
A Picturesque Method of Earlier Days.
[13].Good Roads Day in Jackson County, Mo. 132
[14].Chart of the Organization of the U. S. Bureau of Public Roads and Rural Engineering, 1917 142
[15].Hard Surface Highway in Oregon 146
[16].A Farmer’s Wife Meeting the Postal Truck 146
[17].Trackless Trolley Operated on Staten Island, N. Y. 166
[18].Motor or Rail-Car 166
Showing the Gasoline Locomotive and Trailer, Operated by the Chicago & Great Western R. R.
[19].The Evolution of the Steam Automobile 182
  • 1. The Cugnot Steam Carriage—1770.
  • 2. The Trevithick & Vivian Steam Carriage—1801.
  • 3. The Gurney Steam Carriage—1827.
  • 4. The Church Automobile Carriage (Steam)—1833.
  • 5. Gaillardit’s Steam Carriage—1894.
  • (Courtesy of the Scientific American.)
[20].A Modern Rural Passenger Bus 184
[21].A New York City “Stepless” Bus 184
It Has an Emergency Door, with Wire Window Guards, and will Seat 30 Persons.
[22].The Evolution of the Gasoline Motor Car 188
  • 1. Panhard & Levassor Carriage—1895.
  • 2. Duryea Motor Wagon—1895.
  • 3. The Benz Motocycle.
  • 4. Hertel’s Gasoline Carriage—1896.
  • 5. The Olds Horseless Carriage.
  • 6. Winton’s Racing Machine.
  • (Courtesy of the Scientific American.)
[23].Hauling Beans by Motor Truck and Trailer 200
Sacramento Valley, Calif.
[24].Hauling Sugar Beets to Market in a Motor Truck 200
[25].Traffic on Fifth Avenue, New York City 234
[26].Giving a Macadam Road an Application of Tarvia Binder 254
This is Followed by a Coat of Screenings and then the Road is Rolled Again.
[27].A Road of Mixed Asphalt and Concrete Being Tested Out 254
[28].Crowning a Dirt Road in California with Tractor Drawn Grader 263
[29].A Milk Truck Equipped with both Cans and Tank 296
[30].A Lumber Log Truck Used in the Northwest 296
[31].A National Highway in the Mountains of Maryland 332
[32].A Dangerous Curve Made Safe by an Artistic Concrete Wall 364
The Tennessee State Highway at Lookout Mountain, Built of Cemented Concrete.
[33].Pin Oak Street Trees 388
About 15 Years Old on Land that Was Once Considered to be a part of the “Great American Desert.”
[34].A Cottonwood Wind Break 388
Formerly very Common in the Prairie Region.
[35].Warning and Direction Signs Used in the State of Illinois 434
[36].Traffic Guides 442
(From Eno’s “The Science of Highway Traffic Regulation.”)
[37].New York City Traffic Guides 444
“In November, 1903, one hundred blue and white enameled signs, directing slow-moving vehiclesto keep near the right-hand curb, were put in use in New York. These were probably the first traffic regulationsigns ever used.” (From Eno’s “The Science of Highway Traffic Regulation.”)
[38].Traffic Tower on Fifth Avenue, New York City 446
[39].Camping Ground and Caravan 458
[40].A Gipsying Touring Caravan 458

HIGHWAYS AND HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION

CHAPTER I
TRANSPORTATION A MEASURE OF CIVILIZATION

As the several peoples inhabiting the earth have progressed from barbarism through the different stages of civilization, the transportation occasioned by their wants and desires has kept a close pace. By a study of the transportation—travel, movement of goods and commodities—and the means and facilities for its accomplishment, the relative civilization of any people, their rank and position may be accurately surveyed, graduated, and estimated. The highways of a nation, whether they be of the land or sea, or both, are most vital elements in its progress and could almost as well as transportation be considered the measuring rod of civilization.