THE SEVEN GREAT MONARCHIES
OF THE ANCIENT EASTERN WORLD; OR, THE HISTORY, GEOGRAPHY, AND ANTIQUITIES OF CHALDAEA, ASSYRIA BABYLON, MEDIA, PERSIA, PARTHIA, AND SASSANIAN, OR NEW PERSIAN EMPIRE. BY GEORGE RAWLINSON, M.A., CAMDEN PROFESSOR OF ANCIENT HISTORY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD IN THREE VOLUMES. VOLUME I. With Maps and Illustrations
CONTENTS
[ THE SECOND MONARCHY, Part 1.]
[ CHAPTER I.] DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTRY
[ CHAPTER II.] CLIMATE AND PRODUCTIONS
[ THE SECOND MONARCHY, Part 2. ]
[ CHAPTER III.] THE PEOPLE
[ CHAPTER IV.] THE CAPITAL
[ CHAPTER V.] LANGUAGE AND WRITING
[ THE SECOND MONARCHY, Part 3. ]
[ CHAPTER VI.] ARCHITECTURE AND OTHER ARTS.
[ THE SECOND MONARCHY, Part 4. ]
[ CHAPTER VII. ] MANNERS AND CUSTOMS.
[ THE SECOND MONARCHY, Part 4. ]
[ CHAPTER VIII.] RELIGION
[ CHAPTER IX.] CHRONOLOGY AND HISTORY
[ APPENDIX. ]
Illustrations
49. Signet of Kurri-galzu. King of Babylon
(drawn by the author from an impression in the
possession of Sir H. Rawlinson)
50. The Khabour, from near Arban, looking north (after Layard)51. Koukab (ditto)
52. Lake of Khatouniyeh (ditto)
53. Colossal lion, near Seruj (after Chesney)54. Plan of the ruins of Nimrud (Calah)
(reduced by the Author from Captain Jones’s survey)
55. Great wound of Nimrud or Calah (after Layard)56. Hand-swipe, Koyunjik (ditto)
57. Assyrian lion, from Nimrud (ditto)
58. Ibex, or wild goat, from Nimrud (ditto)59. Wild ass (after Ker Porter)
60. Leopard, from Nimrud (after Layard)
61. Wild ass, from Koyunjik (from an unpublished
drawing by Mr. Boutcher in the British Museum)62. Gazelle, from Nimrud (after Layard)
63. Stag and hind, from Koyunjik (from an unpublished
drawing by Mr. Boutcher in the British Museum)
64. Fallow deer, from Koyunjik (after Layard)65. Hare and eagles, from Nimrud (ditto)
66. Hare, from Khorsabad (after Botta)
67. Chase of wild ox, from Nimrud (after Layard)
68. Vulture, from Nimrud (ditto)
69. Vulture feeding on corpse, Koyunjik (ditto)70. Ostrich, from a cylinder (after Cullimore)
71. Ostrich, from Nimrud (after Layard)
72. Partridges, from Khorsabad (after Botta)
73. Unknown birds, Khorsabad (ditto)74. Assyrian garden and fish-pond, Koyunjik (after Layard)
75. Bactrian or two-humped camel, from Nimrud (ditto)
76. Mesopotamian sheep (ditto)
77. Loading a camel, Koyunjik (ditto)
78. Head of an Assyrian horse, Koyunjik (ditto)79. Assyrian horse, from Nimrud (ditto)
80. Mule ridden by two women, Koyunjik (after Layard81. Loaded mule, Koyunjik (ditto)
82. Cart drawn by mules, Koyunjik (ditto)
83. Dog modelled in clay, from the palace of
Asshur-bani-pal, Koyunjik, (drawn by the Author
from the original in the British Museum)84. Dog in relief, on a clay tablet (after Layard)
85. Assyrian cluck, Nimrud (ditto)
86. Assyrians, Nimrud (ditto)87. Mesopotamian captives, from an Egyptian monument (Wilkinson)
88. Limbs of Assyrians, from the sculptures (after Layard)89. Capture of a city, Nimrud (ditto)
90. Captives of Sargon, Khorsabad (after Botta)91. Captive women in a cart, Nimrud (Layard)
92. Ruins of Nineveh (reduced by the Author from Captain Jones’s survey)93. Khosr-Su and mound of Nebbi-Yunus (after Layard)
94. Gate in the north wall, Nineveh (ditto)95. Outer defences of Nineveh, in their present condition (ditto)
96. Assyrian cylinder (after Birch)
97. Assyrian seals (after Layard)98. Assyrian clay tablets (ditto)
99. Black obelisk, from Nimrud (after Birch)100. Terrace-wall at Khorsabad (after Botta)
101. Pavement-slab, from the Northern Palace.
Koyunjik (Fergusson)102. Mound of Khorsabad (ditto)
103. Plan of the Palace of Sargon, Khorsabad (ditto)104. Hall of Esar-haddon’s Palace, Nimrud (ditto)
106. Remains of Propyheum, or outer gateway, Khorsabad (Layard)
107. King and attendants, Khorsabad (after Botta)105. Plan of the Palace of Sargon, Khorsabad (ditto)
108. Plan of palace gateway (ditto)
109. King punishing prisoners, Khorsabad (ditto)
111. Sargon in his war-chariot, Khorsabad (after Botta)
112. Cornice of temple, Khorsabad (Fergusson)110. North-West Court of Sargon’s Palace at
Khorsabad, restored (after Fergusson)113. Armenian louvre ((after Botta)
114. Armenian buildings. from Koyunjik (Layard)
116. Assyrian castle on Nimrud obelisk (drawn by
the Author from the original in the British Museum)115. Interior of an Assyrian palace, restored (ditto)
117. Assyrian altar, from a bas-relief, Khorsabad
(after Botta)
118. Assyrian temple, Khorsabad (ditto)
119. Assyrian temple, from Lord Aberdeen’s
black stone (after Fergusson)
120. Assyrian temple, Nimrud (drawn by
the Author from the original in the British Museum)
121. Assyrian temple, North Palace, Koyunjik (ditto)123. Basement portion of an Assyrian temple,
North Palace. Koyunjik (drawn by the Author
from the original in the British Museum)122. Circular pillar-base, Koyunjik (after Layard)
124. Porch of the Cathedral, Trent (from an
original sketch made by the Author)125. Tower of a temple, Koyunjik (after Layard)
126. Tower of ditto, restored (by the Author)
127. Tower of great temple at Nimrud (after Layard)
128. Basement of temple-tower, Nimrud,
north and west sides (ditto)
129. Ground-plan of Nimrud Tower (ditto)
130. Ground-plans of temples, Nimrud (ditto)131. Entrance to smaller temple. Nimrud(ditto)
132. Assyrian village. Koyunjik (ditto)
133. Village near Aleppo (ditto)134. Assyrian hattlemented wall (ditto)
135. Masonry and section of platform wall.
Khorsabad (after Botta)
136. Masonry of town-wall. Khorsabad (ditto)137. Masonry of tower or moat, Khorsabad (ditto)
139. Arched drain, South-East Palace, Nimrud (ditto)138. Arched drain, North-West Palace, Nimrud (after Layard)
140. False arch (Greek)141. Assyrian patterns, Nimrud (Layard)
142. Ditto (ditto)143. Bases and capitals of pillars (chiefly
drawn by the Author from bas-reliefs
in the British Museum)144. Ornamental doorway, North Palace, Koyunjik
(from an unpublished drawing’by Mr. Boutcher
in the British Museum)
145. Water transport of stone for building,
Koyunjik (after Layard)146. Assyrian statue from Kileh-Sherghat (ditto)
147. Statue of Sardanapalus I., from Nimrud (ditto)
148. Clay statuettes of the god Nebo (after Botta)149. Clay statuette of the Fish-God (drawn by
the Author from the original in the British Museum)
150. Clay statuette from Khorsabad (after Botto)
151. Lion hunt, from Nimrud (after Layard)152. Assyrian seizing a wild bull, Nimrud (ditto)
153. Hawk-headed figure and sphinx, Nimrud (ditto)
154. Death of a wild bull, Nimrud(ditto)155. King killing a lion, Nimrud (ditto)
156. Trees from Nimrud (ditto)
157. Trees from Koyunjik (ditto)158. Groom and horses, Khorsabad (ditto)
159., 160. Assyrian oxen, Koyunjik (ditto)161. Assyrian goat and sheep, Koyunjik (ditto)
162. Vine trained on a fir, from the North Palace,
Koyunjik (drawn by the Author from a bas-relief
in the British Museum)163. Lilies, from the North Palace, Koyunjik (ditto)
164. Death of two wild asses, from the North Palace,
Koyunjik (from an unpublished drawing by Mr. Boutcher
in the British Museum)
165. Lion about to spring, from the North Palace,
Koyunjik (ditto)166. Wounded wild ass seized by hounds,
from the North Palace, Koyunjik
167. Wounded lion about to fall,from the North Palace,
Koyunjik (from an unpublished drawing by Mr. Boutcher,
in the British Museum)168. Wounded lion biting a chariot-wheel,
from the North Palace, Koyunjik169. King shooting a lion on the spring,
from the North Palace, Koyunjik (ditto)170. Lion-hunt in a river. from the
North Palace, Koyunjik (ditto)171. Bronze lion, from Nimrud (after Layard)
172. Fragments of bronze ornaments of the throne,
from Nimrud (ditto)
173. Bronze casting, from the throne, Nimrud (ditto)174. Feet of tripods in bronze and iron (ditto)
175. Bronze bull’s head, from thethrone (ditto)
176. Bronze head, part of throne,
showing bitumen inside (ditto)
177. End of a sword-sheath, from
the N. W. Palace, Nimrud (ditto)
178. Stool or chair, Khorsabad (after Botta)179. Engraved scarab in centre of cup,
from the N. W. Palace, Nimrud (Layard)
180. Egyptian head-dresses on bronze dishes,
from Nimrud (ditto)
181. Ear-rings from Nimrud and Khorsabad (ditto)
182. Bronze cubes inlaid with gold, original size (ditto)
183. Egyptian scarab (from Wilkinson)
184. Fragment of ivory panel, from Nimrod (after Layard)
185. Fragment of a lion in ivory, Nimrud (ditto)
187. Fragment of a stag in ivory, Nimrud (ditto)
188. Royal attendant, Nimrud (ditto)186. Figures and cartouche with hieroglyphics,
on an ivory panel, from the N.W. Palace, Nimrud (ditto)189. Arcade work, on enamelled brick, Nimrud (ditto)
190. Human figure, on enamelled brick, from Nimrud (ditto)
191. Ram’s head, on enamelled brick, from Nimrud (ditto)
193. Impression of ancient Assyrian cylinder,
in serpentine (ditto)192. King and attendants, on enamelled brick,
from Nimrud (ditto)
197. Assyrian vases. amphorae, etc. (after Birch)194. Assyrian seals (ditto)
195. Assyrian cylinder, with Fish-God (ditto)
196. Royal cylinder of Sennacherib (ditto)
198. Funereal Urn from Khorsabad (after Botta)
200. Lustral ewer, from a bas relief, Khorsabad (after Botta)
201. Wine vase, from a bas-relief, Khorsabad (ditto)199. Nestorian and Arab workmen,
with jar discovered at Nimrud (Layard)
202. Assyrian clay-lamp, (after Layard and Birch)203. Amphora, with twisted arrns, Ninirud (Birch)
201. Assyrian glass bottles and bowl (after Layard)
205. Glass vase, bearing the name of Sargon,
from Nimrud (ditto)
206. Fragments of hollow tubes, in glass,
from Koyunjik (ditto)207. Ordinary Assyrian tables, from the bas-reliefs
(by the Author)
208, 209. Assyrian tables, from bas-reliefs,
Koymrjik (ditto)
210. Table, ornamented with rain’s heads,
Koyunjik (after Layard)
211. Ornamented table, Khorsabad (ditto)
212. Three-legged table, Koyunjik (ditto)
213. Sennacherib on his throne. Koyunjilc(ditto)214. Arm-chair or throne, Khorsahad (after Botta)
215. Assyrian ornamented seat, Khorsabad (ditto)
216. Assyrian couch, from a bas-relief.
Koyunjik (by the Author)
217. Assyrian footstools, Koynnjik (ditto)
218. Stands for jars (Layyard)219. Royal embroidered dresses, Nimrud (ditto)
220. Embroidery on a royal dress, Nimrud (ditto)221. Circular breast ornament on a royal robe,
Nimrud (ditto)222. Assyrians moving a human-headed bull, partly
restored from a bas-relief at Koyunjik (ditto)
225. Part of a bas-relief, showing a pulley and
a warrior cutting a bucket from the rope (ditto)223. Laborer employed in drawing a colossal bull,
Koyunjik (ditto)
224. Attachment of rope to sledge, on which the bull
was placed for transport, Koyunjik (ditto)
226. Assyrian war-chariot, Koyunjik
from the original in the British Museum)227. Chariot-wheel of the early period, Nimrud
(from the original in the British Museum)
228. Chariot-wheel of the middle period, Koyunjik (ditto)
229. Chariot-wheel of the latest period, Koyunjik (ditto)
230. Ornamented ends of chariot poles, Nimrud and Koyunjik ditto231. End of pole, with cross-bar, Khorsabad (after Botta
232. End of pole, with curved yoke, Koyunjik (after Layard)
233. End of pole, with elaborate cross-bar or yoke, Khorsabad
(after Botta)
234. Assyrian chariot containing four warriors, Koyunjik
(after Boutcher)235. Assyrian war-chariot of the early period, Nimrud
(from the original in the British Museum)
236. Assyrian war-chariot of the later period,
Koyunjik (ditto)
237. Assyrian chariot of the transition period,
Koyunjik (after Boutcher)238. Assyrian chariot of the early period, Nimrud
(from the original in the British Museum)
239. Chariot-horse protected by clothing, Koyunjik (ditto)
240. Head of a chariot-horse, showing collar with
bells attached, Koyunjik(after Boutcher)241. Bronze bit, Nimrud (from the original
in the British Museum)
242. Bits of chariot-horses, from the sculptures,
Nimrud and Koyunjik (ditto)
243. Driving-whips of Assyrian charioteers,
from the sculptures (ditto)
244. Mode of tying horses’ tails, Koyunjik (ditto)245. Mounted spearmen of the time of Sargon,
Khorsabad (after Botta)
246. Greave or laced boot of a horseman,
Khorsabad (ditto)
248. Horse archer of the latest period, Koyunjik
(from the original in the British Museum)247. Cavalry soldiers of the time of Sennacherib,
Koyunjik (after Layard)
249. Ordinary sandal of the first period, Nimrud (ditto)
250. Convex shield of the first period, Nimrud (after Layard)
251. Foot spearmen of the first period, with wicker shield,
Nimrud (from the original in the British Museum)
252. Foot archer with attendant, first period, Nimrud (ditto)
253. Foot archer of the lightest equipment, time of Sargon,
Khorsabad (after Botta)254. Foot archer of the intermediate equipment,
with attendant, time of Sargon, Khorsabad (after Botta)
255. Foot archer of the heavy equipment, with attendant,
time of Sargon, Khorsabad (ditto)
256. Foot spearman of the time of Sargon, Khorsabad (ditto)
257. Shield and greave of a spearman, Khorsabad (ditto)258. Spear, with weight at the lower end, Khorsabad (ditto)
259. Sling, Koyunjik (from the original in the British Museum)
260. Foot archer of the heavy equipment, with attendant,
time of Sennacherib, Koyunjik (ditto)
261. Foot archers of the second class, time of Sennacherib,
Koyunjik (ditto)
262. Belts and head-dress of a foot archer of the third class,
time of Sennacherib, Koyunjik (after Boutcher)263. Mode of carrying the quiver, time of Sennacherib,
Koyunjik (from the original in the British Museum)
264. Foot archers of the lightest equipment,
time of Sennacherib, Koyunjik
266. Wicker shields, time of Sennacherib, Koyunjik
(from the originals in the British Museum)267. Metal shield of the latest period, Koyunjik (ditto)
268. Slinger, time of Asshur-bani-pal, Koyunjik (after Boutcher)
269. Pointed helmet, with curtain of scales, Nimrud (after Layard)
270. Iron helmet, from Koyunjik, now in the British Museum
(by the Author)
271. Assyrian crested helmets, from the bas-reliefs,
Khorsabad and Koyunjik (from the originals in the British Museum)272. Scale, Egyptian (after Sir G. Wilkinson)
273. Arrangement of scales in Assyrian scale-armour
of the second period, Khorsabad (after Botta)
274. Sleeve of a coat of mail-scale-armor of the first period,
Nimrud (from the original in the British Museum)
275. Assyrian gerrha, or large wicker shields (ditto)
276. Soldier undermining a wall, sheltered by gerrhon,
Koyunjik (ditto)277. Round shields or targes, patterned, Khorsabad (after Botta)
278. Convex shields with teeth, Nimrud (from the originals
in the British Museum)
279. Egyptian convex shield, worn on back (after Sir G. Wilkinson)
280. Assyrian ditto, Koyunjik (from the original in the British Museum281. Assyrian convex shield, resembling the Greek, Koyunjik (ditto)
282. Quiver, with arrows and javelin, Nimrud (ditto)
283. Ornamented end of bow, Khorsabad (after Botta)
284. Stringing the bow, Koyunjik (from the original
in the British Museum)285. Assyrian curved bow (ditto)
286. Assyrian angular bow, Khorsabad (after Botta)
287. Mode of carrying the bow in a bow-case, Koyunjik
(from the original in the British Museum)
288. Peculiar mode of carrying the quiver, Koyunjik (ditto)
289. Quiver, with rich ornamentation, Nimrud (after Layard)
290. Quivers of the ordinary character, Koyunjik
(from the originals in the British Museum)291. Quiver with projecting rod, Khorsabad (after Botta)
292. Assyrian covered quivers, Koyunjik
(from the originals in the British Museum)
293. Bronze arrow-heads, Nimrud and Koyunjik (ditto)
294. Flint arrow-brad; Nimrud (ditto)
295. Assyrian arrow (ditto)296. Mode of drawing the bow, Koyunjik (after Boutcher)
297. Guard worn by an archer, Koyunjik (ditto)
298. Bronze spear-head, Nimrud (from the original
in the British Museum)
299. Spear-heads (from the Sculptures)
300. Ornamented ends of spear-shafts, Nimrud (after Layard)301. Ornamented handle of short sword, Khorsabad (after Botta)
302. Sheathed sword, Koyunjik (after Boutcher)
303. Ornamented handle of longer sword, Nimrud
(from the original in the British Museum?
304. Assyrian curved sword, Khorsabad (after Botta)
308. Scythian battle-axe (after Tester)
309. Ornamented handles of daggers, Nimrud (after Layard)
310. Handle of dagger, with chain, Nimrud (ditto)305. Head of royal mace, Khorsabad (ditto)
306. Maces, from the Sculptures
307. Assyrian battle-axes, Koyunjik
(from the originals in the British Museum)
311. Sheaths of daggers, Nimrud
312. Assyrian standard, Khorsabad (after Botta)
313. Soldier swimming a river, Koyunjik (after Layard)314. Royal tent, Koyunjik (from the original in the British Museum)
315. Ordinary tent, Koyunjik (after Boutcher)
316. Interior of tent, Koyunjik (ditto)
317. King walking in a mountainous country, chariot following,
supported by men, Koyunjik (from an obelisk in the British Museum,
after Boutcher)
318. Fortified place belonging to an enemy of the Assyrians,
Nimrud (after Layard)319. Gateway of castle, Koyunjik (after Boutcher)
320. Battering-rams, Khorsabad and Koyunjik (partly after Botta)
322. Crowbar, and mining the wall, Koyunjik (ditto)321. Assyrian balistce, Nimrud (after Layard)
324. Soldiers destroying date-palms, Koyunjik (after Layard)
325. Soldier carrying off spoil from a temple, Khorsabad (after Botta)
326. Scribes taking account of the spoil, Khorsabad (ditto)
327. Mace-bearer, with attendant, executing a prisoner,
Koyunjtk (from the original in the British Museum)323. Implement used in the destruction of cities,
Khorsabad (after Botta)
328. Swordsman decapitating a prisoner, Koyunjik (ditto)
329. Female captives, with children, Koyunjik (after Layard)
330. Chasuble or outer garment of the king (chiefly after Botta)
331. King in his robes, Khorsabad (after Botta)332. Tiaras of the later and earlier Periods,
Koyunjik and Nimrud (Layard and Boutcher)
333. Fillet worn by the king, Nimrud (after Layard)
334. Royal sandals, times of Sargon and Asshur-izir-pal
(from the originals in the British Museum)
335. Royal shoe, time of Sennacherib, Koyunjik (ditto)
336. Royal necklace, Nimrud (ditto)
337. Royal collar, Nimrud (ditto)338. Royal armlets, Khorsabad (after Botta)
339. Royal bracelets, Khorsabad and Koyunjik
(after Botta and Boutcher)
340. Royal ear-rings, Nimrud (from the originals
in the British Museum)
341. Early king in his war-costume, Nimrud (ditto)342. King, queen, and attendants, Koyunjik (ditto)
343. Enlarged figure of the queen, Koyunjik (ditto)
345. Heads of eunuchs, Nimrud (ditto)344. Royal parasols, Nimrud and Koyunjik (ditto)
316. The chief eunuch, Nimrud (ditto)
347. Head-dress of the vizier, Khorsabad (after Botta)348. Costumes of the vizier, times of Sennacherib and
Asshur-izir-pal, Nimrud and Koyunjik (from the originals
in the British Museum)349. Tribute-bearers presented by the chief eunuch,
Nimrud obelisk (ditto)
350. Fans or fly-flappers, Nimrud and Koyunjik
351. King killing a lion, Nimrud (after Layard)
352. King, with attendants, spearing a lion, Koyunjik
(after Boutcher)353. King, with attendant, stabbing a lion, Koyunjik (ditto)
354. Lion let out of trap, Koyunjik (ditto)355. Hound held in leash, Koyunjik (from the original
in the British Museum)
356. Wounded lioness, Koyunjik (ditto)
351. Fight of lion and bull, Nimrud (after Layard)
358. King hunting the wild bull, Nimrud (ditto)
359. King pouring libation over four dead lions,
Koyunjik (from the original in the British Museum)360. Hound chasing a wild ass colt, Koyunjik (after Boutcher)
361. Dead wild ass, Koyunjik (ditto)
362. Hounds pulling down a wild ass, Koyunjik (ditto)
563. Wild ass taken with a rope, Koyunjik
(from the original in the British Museum)364. Hound chasing a doe, Koyunjik (after Boutcher)
365. Hunted stag taking the water, Koyunjik (ditto)366. Net spread to take deer, Koyunjik (from the original
in the British Museum)
367. Portion of net showing the arrangement of the meshes
and the pegs, Koyunjik (ditto)
368. Hunted ibex, flying at full speed. Koyunjik
(after Boutcher)
369. Ibex transfixed with arrow-falling (ditto)370. Sportsman carrying a, gazelle, Khorsabad
(from the original in the British Museum)
371. Sportsman shooting, Khorsabad (after Bntta)
372. Greyhound and hare, Niunrud (from a bronze bowl
in the British Museum)
373. Nets, pegs, and balls of string, Koyunjik
(after Boutcher)374. Man fishing, Nimrud (after Layard)
375. Man fishing, Koyunjik (ditto)376. Man fishing, seated on skin, Koyunjik
(from the original in the British Museum)
377. Bear standing, Nimrud (from a bronze bowl
in the British Museum)
378. Ancient Assyrian harp and harper, Nimrud
(from the originals in the British Museum)
330. Triangular lyre, Koyunjik (ditto)379. Later Assyrian harps and harpers, Koyunjik (ditto)
381. Lyre with ten strings, Khorsabad (after Botta)382. Lyres with five and seven strings, Koyunjik
(from the originals in the British Museurn)
383. Guitar or tamboura, Koyunjik (ditto)
384. Player on the double pipe. Koyunjik (ditto)385. Tambourine player and other musicians, Koyunjik (ditto)
387. Assyrian tubbuls, or drums, Koyunjik
(from the originals in the British Museum)386. Eunuch playing on the cymbals, Koyunjik (after Boutcher)
388. Musician playing the dulcimer, Koyunjik (ditto)
389. Roman trumpet (Column of Trajan)
390. Assyrian ditto, Koyunjik (after Layard)
391. Portion of an Assyrian trumpet (from the original
in the British Museum)392. Captives playing on lyres, Koyunjik (ditto)
333. Lyre on a Hebrew coin (ditto)
394. Baud of twenty-six musicians, Koyunjik (ditto)395. Time-keepers, Koyunjik (after Boutcher)
396. Assyrian coracle, Nimrud (from the original
in the British Museum)
397. Common oar, time of Sennacherib, Koyunjik (ditto)
398. Steering oar, time of Asshur-izir-pal, Nimrud (ditto)
399. Early long boat, Nimrud (ditto)
400. Later long boat, Khorsabad (after Botta)
401. Phoenician bireme, Koyunjik (after Layard)
402. Oar kept in place by pegs, Koyunjik
(from the original in the British Museum)403. Chart of the district about Nimrud, showing the
course of the ancient canal and conduit (after the
survey of Captain Jones)
404. Assyrian drill-plough (from Lori Aberdeen’s
black stone, after Fergusson.
405. Modern Turkish plough (after Sir C. Fellows)
406. Modern Arab plough (after C. Niebuhr)407. Ornamental belt or girdle, Koyunjik
(from the original in the British Museum)
408. Ornamental cross-belt, Khorsabad (after Botta)
409. Armlets of Assyrian grandees, Khorsabad (ditto)
410. Head-dresses of various officials, Koyunjik
(from the originals in the British Musemn)
411. Curious mode of arranging the hair, Koyunjik
(from the originals in the British Museum)
412. Female seated (from an ivory in the British Museum)413. Females gathering grapes
(from some ivory fragments in the British Museum)
414. Necklace of flat glass beads (from the original
in the British Museum)
415. Metal mirror (ditto)416. Combs in iron and lapis lazuli (from the original
in the British Museum)
417. Assyrian joints of meat (from the Sculptures)
418. Killing the sheep, Koyunjik (after Boutcher)
419. Cooking meat in caldron, Koyunjik (after Layard)
420. Frying, Nimrud (from the original in the British Museum)
421. Assyrian fruits (from the Monuments)422. Drinking scene, Khorsabad (after Botta)
423. Ornamental wine-cup, Khorsabad (ditto)
424. Attendant bringing flowers to a banquet, Koyunjik
(after Layard)
425. Socket of hinge, Nimrud (ditto)
448. Evil genii contending, Koyunjik (after Boutcher)
450. Triangular altar, Khorsabad (after Botta)
451. Portable altar in an Assyrian camp,
with priests offering, Khorsabad (ditto)449. Sacrificial scene, from an obelisk found
at Nimrud (ditto)
452. Worshipper bringing an offering,
from a cylinder (after Lajard)
453. Figure of Tiglath-Pileser I.
(from an original drawing by Mr. John Taylor)
454. Plan of the palace of Asshur-izir-pal (after Fergusson)
455. Stele of Asshur-izir-pal with an altar in front, Nimrud
(from the original in the British Museum)456. Israelites bringing tribute to Shalmaneser II.,
Nimrud (ditto)
457. Assyrian sphinx, time of Asshur-bani-pal
(after Layard)
458. Scythian soldiers, from a vase found in a Scythian tomb