Tablet X.
- 1. Siduri and Sabitu (who in the land beside the sea)
- 2. dwelt and ....
- 3. it was the moon, it was the moon ....
- 4. a covering of fire (?) ye accomplish.
- 5. Izdubar approached and ....
- 6. the ulcer covering (his) skin
- 7. he had the brand of the gods on (his) ....
- 8. there is shame of face on ....
- 9. to go on the distant path his face (was set).
- 10. Sabitu afar off pondered,
- 11. she counselled to her heart (this) plan.
- 12. Within herself also she (considered):
- 13. What is this message ....
- 14. May no one come straight in (his path).
- 15. When Sabitu saw him she entered (her gate);
- 16. her gate she entered and entered her ....
- 17. And he Izdubar had ears to (hear her);
- 18. he had struck his hands and made ....
—–———–———–———– - 19. Izdubar to her also even said (to Sabitu:)
- 20. Sabitu what didst thou see (that)
- 21. thy gate thou barrest ....
- 22. I force the door ....
The rest of this column is lost, but it must have described the meeting of Izdubar with a boatman named Ur-Hea or Lig-Hea, called Nes-Hea “the lion” or “dog of Hea” in Assyrian. In the second column they commence a journey by water together in a boat. But little of this column is preserved; two fragments only are given here.
Column II.
- 1. .... he the word of his friend ....
- 2. .... the word of Hea-bani ....
- 3. .... I traverse (the desert).
- 4. .... (in) the dust he had ....
- 5. (the friend whom I have loved declared) lovingly; Hea-bani the friend whom I have loved made ....
- 6. (I am not as he) and would we had never gone up ....
- 7. (I did not make) the fortress of ....
—–———–———–———– - 8. (Izdubar to) her also speaks, even to Sabit:
- 9. (Again) O Sabit what is the way to Xisuthrus?
- 10. Explain the tokens of it to me; yea, explain the tokens of it to me.
- 11. If it be suitable the sea let me cross,
- 12. if it be not suitable the desert let me traverse.
—–———–———–———– - 13. Sabit to him also speaks, even to Izdubar:
- 14. There was no crossing (of the sea), O Izdubar, at any time,
- 15. and no one from remote times onwards has crossed the sea.
- 16. From crossing the sea Samas the hero I the mother prevented; (yet) Samas crossed, whoever
- 17. his mouth the passage .... its road,
- 18. and the well of the waters of death which extend before it
- 19. I approach, and, Izdubar, thou crossest the sea.
- 20. When thou hast come round to the waters of death, thou contrivest how
- 21. for Izdubar there is Ur-Hea the boatman of Xisuthrus.
- 22. Precious stones with him in the midst of the forest ....
- 23. .... may they see thy face.
- 24. .... and to cross with him if it is not suitable hasten behind him
- 25. .... upon hearing this,
- 26. .... an axe in the hand.
- 27. .... to their well he returns.
- 28, 29, 30. ....
- 31. .... Izdubar
- 32. .... and his lower part
- 33. .... the ship
- 34. .... (the waters) of death
- 35. .... wide
- 36. .... the field
- 37. .... to the river
- 38. .... ship
- 39. .... the well
- 40. .... the boatman
- 41. .... he descended
- 42. .... to thee
Here there are many lines lost, then recommencing the story proceeds on the third column.
Column III.
- 1. my friend whom I have loved made ....
- 2. I am not as he and would we had never gone
up ....
—–———–———–———– - 3. Izdubar to him also speaks, even to Ur-Hea;
- 4. Again, Ur-Hea, what (is the way to Xisuthrus?)
- 5. what are its signs explain to me; yea, explain (to me its signs).
- 6. If it be suitable the sea let me cross; if it be
not suitable the desert let me traverse.
—–———–———–———– - 7. Ur-Hea to him also speaks, even to (Izdubar):
- 8. Thy hand, Izdubar, it prevents ....
- 9. thou hidest among the precious stones thou ...
- 10. the precious stones (are) a hiding-place [or canopy] and they are not ...
- 11. Take, Izdubar, an axe in (thy hands) ....
- 12. go down to the forest and a clearing of five gar (make).
- 13. Bury and make a tumulus; carry ....
- 14. Izdubar on his hearing this,
- 15. took the axe in his hand ....
- 16. he went down to the forest and a clearing of five gar (made):
- 17. he buried and made a tumulus; he carried ....
- 18. Izdubar and Ur-Hea rode (in the ship);
- 19. the ship the waves took and they ....
- 20. a journey of one month and fifteen days. On the third day in their course
- 21. Ur-Hea also reached the waters of death ....
Column IV.
- 1. Ur-Hea to him also speaks, even to Izdubar:
- 2. The tablets O Izdubar ....
- 3. The waters of death smite; never mayest thou >enter the dome of the house (of the abyss).
- 4. The second time, the third time, and the fourth time go, O Izdubar ....
- 5. the fifth, sixth, and seventh time go, O Izdubar ....
- 6. the eighth, ninth, and tenth time go, O Izdubar ....
- 7. the eleventh and twelfth time go, O Izdubar ....
- 8. on the one hundred and twentieth time Izdubar finished ....
- 9. and he struck the middle of it ....
- 10. Izdubar seized the .......
- 11. on his wings an embankment he completed ...
- 12. Xisuthrus over him afar off pondered,
- 13. he counselled (this) plan within his heart.
- 14. With himself also he considered:
- 15. Why is the hiding-place of the ship ....
- 16. and the pilot ....
- 17. the man who went also is not; and ....
- 18. I ponder, and I do not ....
- 19. I ponder, and I do not....
- 20. I ponder, and I do not....
Izdubar, Composite Figures, and Ur-Hea in the Boat; from an Early Babylonian Cylinder.
Here there is a blank, the extent of which is uncertain, and where the narrative recommences it is on a small fragment of the third and fourth columns of another copy. It appears that the lost lines record the meeting between Izdubar and a female being named Mu-seri-ina-namari, or the “Waters of dawn at daylight.” In the account of the Deluge, Mu-seri-ina-namari is mentioned as bringing the black clouds from the horizon of heaven. It was here, beyond the circular boundary of the earth, and on the shores of the ocean which surrounded it, that Izdubar is now supposed to be.
It is curious that, whenever Izdubar speaks to this being, the name Mua is used, while, whenever Izdubar is spoken to, the full name Mu-seri-ina-namari occurs. Where the story reopens Izdubar is informing Mua of his first connection with Hea-bani and his offers to him when he desired him to come to Erech.
Column III. (fragment).
- 1. for my friend....
- 2. free thee....
- 3. weapon....
- 4. bright star....
Column IV. (fragment).
- 1. On a beautiful couch I will seat thee,
- 2. I will cause thee to sit on a comfortable seat on the left,
- 3. the kings of the earth shall kiss thy feet.
- 4. I will enrich thee and the men of Erech I will make silent before thee,
- 5. and I after thee will take all....
- 6. I will clothe thy body in raiment and....
—–———–———–———– - 7. Mu-seri-ina-namari on hearing this
- 8. his fetters loosed ....
The speech of Mua to Izdubar and the rest of the column are lost, the narrative recommencing on Column V. with another speech of Izdubar.
Column V. (fragment).
- 1. .... to me
- 2. .... my ... I wept
- 3. .... bitterly I spoke
- 4. .... my hand
- 5. .... ascended to me
- 6. .... to me
—–———–———–———– - 7. .... hyæna of the desert
Column V.
- 1. Izdubar opened his mouth and said to Mu
- 2. .... my presence?
- 3. .... not strong
- 4. .... my face
- 5. .... lay down in the field,
- 6. .... of the mountain, the hyæna of the field,
- 7. Hea-bani my friend .... the same.
- 8. No one else was with us, we ascended the mountain.
- 9. We took it and the city we destroyed.
- 10. We conquered also Khumbaba who in the forest of pine trees dwelt.
- 11. Again why did his fingers lay hold to slay the lions?
- 12. Thou wouldst have feared and thou wouldst not have .. all the difficulty.
- 13. And he did not succeed in slaying the same;
- 14. his heart failed, and he did not strike .... over him I wept,
- 15. he covered also my friend like a corpse in a grave,
- 16. like a lion? he tore? him
- 17. like a lioness? placed .... field
- 18. he was cast down to the face of the earth
- 19. he broke? and destroyed his defence? ....
- 20. he was cut off and given to pour out? ....
—–———–———–———– - 21. Mu-seri-ina-namari on hearing this
Here the record is again mutilated, but Izdubar further informs Mua what he did in conjunction with Hea-bani. Where the story reopens on Column VI. Izdubar relates part of their adventure with Khumbaba.
Column VI.
- 1. .... taking
- 2. .... to thee
- 3. .... thou art great
- 4. .... all the account
—–———–———–———– - 5. .... forest of pine trees
- 6. .... went night and day
- 7. .... the extent of Erech the lofty
- 8. .... he approached after us
- 9. .... he opened the land of forests
- 10. .... we ascended
- 11. .... in the midst like thy mother
- 12. .... cedar and pine trees
- 13. .... with our strength
- 14. .... silent
- 15. .... he of the field
- 16. .... by her side
- 17. .... the Euphrates
Here again our narrative is lost, and where we again meet the story Izdubar is conversing with Xisuthrus. The conversation is contained in the broken fifth column of K 3382, first noticed and copied by Mr. Pinches.
Column V.
- 1. .... Mua
- 2. .... my ...
- 3. .... they are not like.
- 4. .... before me.
- 5. .... traversed the desert.
- 6. .... the glare of the desert.
- 7. .... the same.
- 8. .... the mountain.
- 9. .... we destroy.
- 10. .... (among) the royal tree (and) the pine they dwell.
- 11. .... lions.
- 12. .... times to come.
- 13. .... were slain, the same.
- 14. .... over him I wept.
- 15. .... burial.
- 16. .... him.
- 17. .... the desert.
- 18. .... over me; thou hast gone round ....
- 19. .... I turned back; the ship (?) I ....
- 20. (my friend) whom I have loved declared lovingly; Hea-bani my friend (made) ....
- 21. (I) am not as he, and would we had never gone up; I did not make a fortress ....
- 22. Izdubar to him also speaks, even to Xisuthrus:
- 23. Thus may I go and Xisuthrus afar off, who has conversed with him, may I see.
- 24. I went round, I went through all countries;
- 25. I passed through difficult lands;
- 26. I crossed all seas.
- 27. A good .... they did not dwell before me.
- 28. I exhausted myself through weakness; with my .... the crown I filled.
- 29. .... the house I did not reach, and my clothing was decayed.
- 30. .... of a leopard, a tiger, a raging winged bull ....
- 31. their (lairs) I approached; their skins I stripped off ....
- 32. .... may they bar its gate; with much bitumen ....
- 33. .... the contents ....
- 34. .... the sides ....
—–———–———–———– - 35. (Xisuthrus) to him speaks, even to Izdubar:
- 36. .... O Izdubar, sickness ....
- 37. .... gods and men ....
- 38. .... thy (father) and thy mother made ....
We now come to a fragment which forms the reverse of the tablet already translated, and recounts the visit of Izdubar to the two women Siduri and Sabitu. This reads as follows:—
- 1. I was angry (?) ....
- 2. If at any time we built a house, if ever we establish ....
- 3. If ever brothers fixed ....
- 4. If ever hatred is in ....
- 5. If ever the river makes a (great) flood.
- 6. (If ever) reviling within the mouth ....
- 7. the face that will bow before Samas ....
- 8. from of old is not ....
- 9. Spoiling and death together ....
- 10. of death the image they guarded not ....
- 11. The man or servant on approaching (death),
- 12. the spirits of the earth the great gods are they.
- 13. The goddess Mammetu maker of fate, to them their fate brings,
- 14. she has fixed death and life;
- 15. of death its days are not known.
Composite Figures (Scorpion Men); from an Assyrian Cylinder.
This statement closes the tenth tablet and leads to the next question of Izdubar and its answer, which includes the story of the Flood.
The present division of the legends has its own peculiar difficulties; in the first place it does not appear how Hea-bani was killed. Possibly he fell in an attempt to slay a lion.
The land of Mas or desert of Mas over which Izdubar travels in this tablet is the desert on the west of the Euphrates, and the name reminds us of the Biblical Mash who is called a son of Aram in Genesis x. 23; on the sixth column the fragments appear to refer to some bird with magnificent feathers like precious stones, seen by Izdubar on his journey.
Chapter XVI.
THE STORY OF THE FLOOD AND CONCLUSION.
Eleventh tablet.—The gods.—Sin of the world.—Command to build the ark.—Its contents.—The building.—The Flood.—Destruction of people.—Fear of the gods.—End of Deluge.—Nizir.—Resting of ark.—The birds.—The descent from the ark.—The sacrifice, covenant, and rainbow.—Speeches of gods.—Translation of Adra-Khasis.—Cure of Izdubar.—His return.—Lament over Hea-bani.—Resurrection of Hea-bani.—Burial of warrior.—Age and composition of the Deluge tablet.—Comparison with Genesis.—Syrian nation.—Connection of legends.—Points of contact.—Duration of Deluge.—Mount of descent.—Ten generations.—Early cities.
The eleventh tablet of the Izdubar series is the one which first attracted attention, and is certainly the most important on account of its containing the story of the Flood. This tablet is the most perfect in the series, scarcely any line being entirely lost. A new fragment of it, belonging to another edition of the story, has been recently brought to the museum by Mr. Hormuzd Rassam.