History of Spanish Literature (vol. 2 of 3)



HISTORY
OF
SPANISH LITERATURE.

VOL. II.


HISTORY
OF
SPANISH LITERATURE.

BY

GEORGE TICKNOR.


IN THREE VOLUMES.
VOLUME II.


NEW YORK:

HARPER AND BROTHERS, 82 CLIFF STREET.

M DCCC XLIX.


Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1849, by
George Ticknor,
in the Clerk’s Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts.


CONTENTS
OF
VOLUME SECOND.


SECOND PERIOD.
(Continued.)

CHAPTER VII.
Theatre in the Time of Charles the Fifth, and during the First Part of the Reign of Philip the Second.
[Drama opposed by the Church]3
[Inquisition interferes]4
[Religious Dramas continued]4
[Secular Plays, Castillejo, Oliva]5
[Juan de Paris]6
[Jaume de Huete]8
[Agostin Ortiz]9
[Popular Drama attempted]9
[Lope de Rueda]9
[His Four Comedias]11
[His Two Pastoral Colloquies]13
[His Ten Pasos]16
[His Two Dialogues in Verse]17
[His insufficient Apparatus]18
[He begins the Popular Drama]19
[Juan de Timoneda]20
[His Cornelia]21
[His Menennos]21
[His Blind Beggars]22
CHAPTER VIII.
Theatre, continued.
[Followers of Lope de Rueda]25
[Alonso de la Vega, Cisneros]25
[Attempts at Seville]26
[Juan de la Cueva]26
[Romero de Zepeda]27
[Attempts at Valencia]28
[Cristóval de Virues]28
[Translations from the Ancients]30
[Villalobos, Oliva]30
[Boscan, Abril]30
[Gerónimo Bermudez]30
[Lupercio de Argensola]32
[Spanish Drama to this Time]34
[The Attempts to form it few]35
[The Apparatus imperfect]36
[Connection with the Hospitals]37
[Court-yards in Madrid]37
[Dramas have no uniform Character]37
[A National Drama demanded]39
CHAPTER IX.
Luis de Leon.
[Religious Element in Spanish Literature]40
[Luis de Leon]40
[His Birth and Training]40
[Professor at Salamanca]41
[His Version of Solomon’s Song]41
[His Persecution for it]42
[His Names of Christ]43
[His Perfect Wife]45
[His Exposition of Job]45
[His Death]46
[His Poetry]47
[His Translations]48
[His Original Poetry]49
[His Character]51
CHAPTER X.
Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra.
[His Family]52
[His Birth]53
[His Education]54
[His first published Verses]54
[Goes to Italy]55
[Becomes a Soldier]55
[Fights at Lepanto]56
[And at Tunis]57
[Is captured at Sea]57
[Is a Slave at Algiers]57
[His cruel Captivity]58
[His Release]59
[Serves in Portugal]61
[His Galatea]61
[His Marriage]64
[His Literary Friends]65
[His First Dramas]65
[His Trato de Argel]67
[His Numantia]70
[Character of these Dramas]77
CHAPTER XI.
Cervantes, continued.
[He goes to Seville]77
[His Life there]78
[Asks Employment in America]78
[Short Poems]79
[Tradition from La Mancha]80
[He goes to Valladolid]81
[First Part of Don Quixote]82
[He goes to Madrid]82
[Relations with Poets there]82
[With Lope de Vega]82
[His Novelas]84
[His Viage al Parnaso]88
[His Adjunta]89
[His Eight Comedias]90
[His Eight Entremeses]94
[Second Part of Don Quixote]97
[His Sickness]98
[His Death]99
CHAPTER XII.
Cervantes, concluded.
[His Persiles y Sigismunda]100
[His Don Quixote, First Part]103
[His Purpose in writing it]104
[Passion for Romances of Chivalry]105
[He destroys it]107
[Character of the First Part]108
[Avellaneda’s Second Part]109
[Its Character]110
[Cervantes’s Satire on it]111
[His own Second Part]112
[Its Character]113
[Don Quixote and Sancho]114
[Blemishes in the Don Quixote]116
[Its Merits and Fame]118
[Claims of Cervantes]119
CHAPTER XIII.
Lope Felix de Vega Carpio.
[His Birth]120
[His Education]121
[A Soldier]123
[Patronized by Manrique]123
[Bachelor at Alcalá]123
[His Dorothea]124
[Secretary to Alva]124
[His Arcadia]125
[Marries]127
[Is exiled for a Duel]127
[Life at Valencia]128
[Death of his Wife]128
[Establishes himself at Madrid]128
[Serves in the Armada]129
[Marries again]131
[His Children]132
[Death of his Sons]132
[Death of his Wife]132
[Becomes a Priest]133
[His Poem of San Isidro]134
[His Hermosura de Angélica]137
[His Dragontea]140
[His Peregrino en su Patria]142
[His Jerusalen Conquistada]143
CHAPTER XIV.
Lope de Vega, continued.
[His Relations with the Church]146
[His Pastores de Belen]146
[Various Works]148
[Beatification of San Isidro]149
[Canonization of San Isidro]153
[Tomé de Burguillos]154
[His Gatomachia]154
[Various Works]155
[His Novelas]156
[He acts as an Inquisitor]157
[His Religious Poetry]158
[His Corona Trágica]159
[His Laurel de Apolo]160
[His Dorotea]160
[His Last Works]161
[His Illness and Death]162
[His Burial]162
CHAPTER XV.
Lope de Vega, continued.
[His Miscellaneous Works]164
[Their Character]165
[His earliest Dramas]166
[At Valencia]167
[State of the Theatre]168
[El Verdadero Amante]169
[El Pastoral de Jacinto]169
[His Moral Plays]170
[The Soul’s Voyage]171
[The Prodigal Son]172
[The Marriage of the Soul]173
[The Theatre at Madrid]174
[His published Dramas]175
[Their great Number]175
[His Dramatic Foundation]177
[Varieties in his Plays]178
[Comedias de Capa y Espada]179
[Their Character]179
[Their Number]180
[El Azero de Madrid]181
[La Noche de San Juan]184
[Festival of the Count Duke]184
[La Boba para los Otros]189
[El Premio del Bien Hablar]190
[Various Plays]190
CHAPTER XVI.
Lope de Vega, continued.
[Comedias Heróicas]192
[Roma Abrasada]193
[El Príncipe Perfeto]195
[El Nuevo Mundo]199
[El Castigo sin Venganza]202
[La Estrella de Sevilla]205
[National Subjects]206
[Various Plays]207
[Character of the Heroic Drama]207
CHAPTER XVII.
Lope de Vega, continued.
[Dramas on Common Life]210
[El Cuerdo en su Casa]211
[La Donzella Teodor]212
[Cautivos de Argel]214
[Three Classes of Secular Plays]215
[The Influence of the Church]216
[Religious Plays]217
[Plays founded on the Bible]217
[El Nacimiento de Christo]218
[Other such Plays]221
[Comedias de Santos]223
[Several such Plays]224
[San Isidro de Madrid]225
[Autos Sacramentales]226
[Festival of the Corpus Christi]227
[Number of Lope’s Autos]229
[Their Form]230
[Their Loas]230
[Their Entremeses]231
[The Autos themselves]232
[Lope’s Secular Entremeses]234
[Popular Tone of his Drama]236
[His Eclogues]237
CHAPTER XVIII.
Lope de Vega, concluded.
[Variety in the Forms of his Dramas]239
[Characteristics of all of them]239
[Personages]240
[Dialogue]240
[Irregular Plots]240
[History disregarded]241
[Geography]242
[Morals]242
[Dramatized Novelle]243
[Comic Underplot]243
[Graciosos]244
[Poetical Style]245
[Various Measures]246
[Ballad Poetry in them]247
[Popular Air of every thing]249
[His Success at home]249
[His Success abroad]250
[His large Income]251
[Still he is poor]251
[Great Amount of his Works]252
[Spirit of Improvisation]250
CHAPTER XIX.
Francisco de Quevedo y Villegas.
[Birth and Training]255
[Exile]256
[Public Service in Sicily]256
[In Naples]257
[Persecution at Home]257
[Marries]257
[Persecution again]258
[His Sufferings and Death]259
[Variety of his Works]259
[Many suppressed]260
[His Poetry]261
[Its Characteristics]262
[Cultismo]263
[El Bachiller de la Torre]263
[His Prose Works]267
[Paul the Sharper]269
[Various Tracts]269
[The Knight of the Forceps]269
[La Fortuna con Seso]270
[Visions]271
[Quevedo’s Character]274
CHAPTER XX.
The Drama of Lope’s School.
[Madrid the Capital]276
[Its Effect on the Drama]277
[Damian de Vegas]277
[Francisco de Tarrega]278
[His Enemiga Favorable]279
[Gaspar de Aguilar]280
[His Mercader Amante]280
[His Suerte sin Esperanza]281
[Guillen de Castro]283
[His Dramas]284
[His Don Quixote]285
[His Piedad y Justicia]285
[His Santa Bárbara]286
[His Mocedades del Cid]287
[Corneille’s Cid]289
[Other Plays of Guillen]292
[Luis Vélez de Guevara]293
[Mas pesa el Rey que la Sangre]294
[Other Plays of Guevara]296
[Juan Perez de Montalvan]297
[His San Patricio]298
[His Orfeo]299
[His Dramas]300
[His Amantes de Teruel]301
[His Don Carlos]304
[His Autos]305
[His Theory of the Drama]306
[His Success]307
CHAPTER XXI.
Drama of Lope’s School, concluded.
[Tirso de Molina]308
[His Dramas]308
[His Burlador de Sevilla]309
[His Vergonzoso en Palacio]312
[His Theory of the Drama]314
[Antonio Mira de Mescua]315
[His Dramas and Poems]315
[Joseph de Valdivielso]316
[His Autos]317
[His Religious Dramas]317
[Antonio de Mendoza]318
[Ruiz de Alarcon]319
[His Dramas]320
[His Texedor de Segovia]320
[His Verdad Sospechosa]321
[Other Plays]322
[Belmonte, Cordero, Enriquez]323
[Villaizan, Sanchez, Herrera]323
[Barbadillo, Solorzano]324
[Un Ingenio]325
[El Diablo Predicador]325
[Opposition to Lope’s School]327
[By Men of Learning]328
[By the Church]329
[The Drama triumphs]331
[Lope’s Fame]332
CHAPTER XXII.
Pedro Calderon de la Barca.
[Birth and Family]333
[Education]334
[Festivals of San Isidro]335
[Serves as a Soldier]336
[Writes for the Stage]336
[Patronized by Philip the Fourth]336
[Rebellion in Catalonia]337
[Controls the Theatre]337
[Enters the Church]337
[Less favored by Charles the Second]338
[Death and Burial]339
[Person and Character]340
[His Works]341
[His Dramas]342
[Many falsely ascribed to him]342
[Their Number]343
[His Autos Sacramentales]344
[Feast of the Corpus Christi]345
[His different Autos]347
[His Divino Orfeo]348
[Popularity of his Autos]350
[His Religious Plays]351
[Troubles with the Church]351
[Ecclesiastics write Plays]352
[Calderon’s San Patricio]353
[His Devocion de la Cruz]355
[His Mágico Prodigioso]355
[Other similar Plays]358
CHAPTER XXIII.
Calderon, continued.
[Characteristics of his Drama]360
[Trusts to the Story]361
[Sacrifices much to it]362
[Dramatic Interest strong]363
[Love, Jealousy, and Honor]364
[Amar despues de la Muerte]364
[El Médico de su Honra]368
[El Pintor de su Deshonra]371
[El Mayor Monstruo los Zelos]371
[El Príncipe Constante]376
CHAPTER XXIV.
Calderon, concluded.
[Comedias de Capa y Espada]381
[Antes que todo es mi Dama]382
[La Dama Duende]383
[La Vanda y la Flor]385
[Various Sources of Calderon’s Plots]389
[Castilian Tone everywhere]389
[Exaggerated Sense of Honor]391
[Domestic Authority]392
[Duels]393
[Immoral Tendency of his Dramas]394
[Attacked]394
[Defended]394
[Calderon’s courtly Tone]395
[His Style and Versification]396
[His long Success]397
[Changes the Drama little]399
[But gives it a lofty Tone]400
[His Dramatic Character]401
CHAPTER XXV.
Drama of Calderon’s School.
[Most Brilliant Period]403
[Agustin Moreto]403
[His Dramas]404
[Figuron Plays]405
[El Lindo Don Diego]405
[El Desden con el Desden]406
[Francisco de Roxas]408
[His Dramas]408
[Del Rey abaxo Ninguno]409
[Several Authors to one Play]411
[Alvaro Cubillo]412
[Leyba and Cancer y Velasco]413
[Enriquez Gomez]414
[Sigler and Zabaleta]414
[Fernando de Zarate]414
[Miguel de Barrios]415
[Diamante]416
[Monroy, Monteser, Cuellar]417
[Juan de la Hoz]417
[Juan de Matos Fragoso]418
[Sebastian de Villaviciosa]419
[Antonio de Solís]420
[Francisco Banzes Candamo]422
[Zarzuelas]424
[Opera at Madrid]425
[Antonio de Zamora]426
[Lanini, Martinez]427
[Rosete, Villegas]427
[Joseph de Cañizares]427
[Decline of the Drama]428
[Vera y Villarroel]429
[Inez de la Cruz]429
[Fernandez de Leon]429
[Tellez de Azevedo]429
[Old Drama of Lope and of Calderon]429
CHAPTER XXVI.
Old Theatres.
[Nationality of the Drama]430
[The Autor of a Company]431
[Relations with the Dramatists]432
[Actors, their Number]433
[The most distinguished]434
[Their Character and hard Life]435
[Exhibitions in the Day-time]436
[Poor Scenery and Properties]437
[The Stage]437
[The Audience]437
[The Mosqueteros]437
[The Gradas, and Cazuela]438
[The Aposentos]438
[Entrance-money]439
[Rudeness of the Audiences]439
[Honors to the Authors]440
[Play-Bills]440
[Titles of Plays]441
[Representations]441
[Loa]441
[Ballad]441
[First Jornada]443
[First Entremes]444
[Second Jornada and Entremes]445
[Third Jornada and Saynete]445
[Dancing]445
[Ballads]446
[Xacaras]446
[Zarabandas]447
[Popular Character of the Drama]448
[Great Number of Authors]449
[Royal Patronage]450
[Great Number of Dramas]451
[All National]452
CHAPTER XXVII.
Historical and Narrative Poems.
[Old Epic Tendencies]454
[Revived in the Time of Charles the Fifth]455
[Hierónimo Sempere]455
[Luis de Çapata]456
[Diego Ximenez de Ayllon]457
[Hippólito Sanz]457
[Alfonso Fernandez]458
[Espinosa and Coloma]458
[Alonso de Ercilla]459
[His Araucana]461
[Diego de Osorio]464
[Pedro de Oña]466
[Gabriel Lasso de la Vega]467
[Antonio de Saavedra]467
[Juan de Castellanos]468
[Centenera]469
[Gaspar de Villagra]469
[Religious Narrative Poems]470
[Hernandez Blasco]470
[Gabriel de Mata]470
[Cristóval de Virues]470
[His Monserrate]471
[Nicolas Bravo]472
[Joseph de Valdivielso]472
[Diego de Hojeda]473
[His Christiada]473
[Alonso Diaz]474
[Antonio de Escobar]474
[Alonso de Azevedo]474
[Rodriguez de Vargas]474
[Jacobo Uziel]474
[Sebastian de Nieva Calvo]474
[Duran Vivas]474
[Juan Dávila]474
[Antonio Enriquez Gomez]474
[Hernando Dominguez Camargo]474
[Juan de Encisso y Monçon]474
[Imaginative Epics]475
[Orlando Furioso]476
[Nicolas Espinosa]476
[Abarca de Bolea]477
[Garrido de Villena]477
[Agostin Alonso]477
[Luis Barahona de Soto]477
[His Lágrimas de Angélica]478
[Bernardo de Balbuena]479
[His Bernardo]480
CHAPTER XXVIII.
Historical and Narrative Poems, concluded.
[Subjects from Antiquity]481
[Boscan, Mendoza, Silvestre]481
[Montemayor, Villegas]481
[Perez, Romero de Cepeda]482
[Fábulas, Góngora]483
[Villamediana, Pantaleon]483
[Moncayo, Villalpando]483
[Salazar]483
[Miscellaneous Poems]483
[Yague de Salas]484
[Miguel de Silveira]485
[Fr. Lopez de Zarate]486
[Mock-heroic Poems]487
[Cosmé de Aldana]487
[Cintio Merctisso]488
[Villaviciosa]489
[Heroic Poems]491
[Don John of Austria]491
[Hierónimo de Cortereal]492
[Juan Rufo]493
[Pedro de la Vezilla]494
[Miguel Giner]495
[Duarte Diaz]495
[Lorenzo de Zamora]495
[Cristóval de Mesa]496
[Juan de la Cueva]497
[Alfonso Lopez, El Pinciano]498
[Francisco Mosquera]499
[Vasconcellos]499
[Bernarda Ferreira]500
[Antonio de Vera y Figueroa]501
[Francisco de Borja]501
[Rise of Heroic Poetry]502
[Its Decline]503
CHAPTER XXIX.
Lyric Poetry.
[Early Lyric Tendency]505
[Italian School of Boscan]505
[National School]506
[Lomas de Cantorál]506
[Francisco de Figueroa]507
[Vicente Espinel]507
[Montemayor]507
[Barahona de Soto, Rufo]508
[Vegas, Padilla]508
[Lopez Maldonado]508
[Fernando de Herrera]509
[His Odes]511
[His Castilian Style]513
[Pedro Espinosa]515
[His Flores de Poetas Ilustres]515
[Rey de Artieda]516
[Manoel de Portugal]516
[Cristóval de Mesa]517
[Francisco de Ocaña]517
[Lope de Sosa]517
[Alonso de Ledesma]517
[The Conceptistas]518
[Cultismo and its Causes]519
[Luis de Góngora]521
[His earlier Poetry]522
[His later Poetry]523
[His Extravagance]524
[His Obscurity]524
[His Commentators]525
[His Followers]526
[Count Villamediana]527
[Felix de Arteaga]528
[Roca y Serna]528
[Antonio de Vega]529
[Anastasio Pantaleon]529
[Violante del Cielo]529
[Manoel de Melo]529
[Moncayo, La Torre]530
[Vergara]530
[Rozas, Ulloa]530
[Salazar]530
[Spread of Cultismo]531
[Contest about it]532
[Francisco de Medrano]533
[Pedro Venegas]533
[Baltasar de Alcazar]533
[Arguijo]534
[Antonio Balvas]534
CHAPTER XXX.
Lyric Poetry, concluded.
[The Argensolas]536
[Lupercio]536
[Bartolomé]537
[Their Poetry]538
[Juan de Jauregui]539
[His Orfeo]540
[His Aminta]540
[His Lyrical Poetry]541
[Estévan Manuel de Villegas]542
[Imitates Anacreon]543
[Bernardo de Balbuena]544
[Barbadillo, Polo, Rojas]544
[Francisco de Rioja]545
[Borja y Esquilache]546
[Antonio de Mendoza]547
[Bernardino de Rebolledo]548
[Ribero, Quiros]549
[Barrios, Lucio y Espinossa]549
[Evia, Inez de la Cruz]549
[Solís, Candamo, Marcante]549
[Montoro, Negrete]549
[Success of Lyric Poetry]550
[Religious]550
[Secular and Popular]550
[Secular and more formal]551
[Its General Character]552

HISTORY
OF
SPANISH LITERATURE.