INDEX

(Illustrations are indicated by page numerals in bold-faced type.)

[A]

[B]

[C]

[D]

[E]

[F]

[G]

[H]

[I]

[J]

[K]

[L]

[M]

[N]

[O]

[P]

[Q]

[R]

[S]

[T]

[U]

[V]

[W]

[Y]

[Z]

Absorption, definition, [270];
- of digested foods, [308], [309].
Accommodation of eye, [361].
Acetanilid, [295].
Action of the heart, [319].
Adaptations, [24];
- in bee, [36];
- in birds, [189];
- in fish, [232];
- in frog, [241];
- in mammalia, [192].
Adenoids, [340], [395].
Adulteration in foods, [288].
Air, and bacteria, [145];
- composition of, [20];
- fresh, [337];
- needed in germination, [66];
- necessary in starch making, [91];
- passages in lungs, [330];
- use to plants and animals, [21].
Albumin, [62].
Alcohol, a food, [289];
- a poison, [291].
- and ability to resist disease, [363];
- and ability to work, [368];
- and body heat, [345];
- and crime, [371], [372];
- and digestion, [311];
- and duration of life, [370];
- and efficiency, [369];
- and heredity, [372];
- and intellectual ability, [364];
- and kidneys, [346];
- and living matter, [291];
- and memory, [365];
- and mental ability, [366];
- and nervous system, [362];
- and organs of special sense, [362];
- and pauperism, [371];
- and resistance, [327];
- and respiration, [346];
- and the blood, [327];
- and treatment of disease, [364];
- effect on circulation, [327];
- effect on eye, [361];
- effect on liver, [312];
- produces poisons, [347].
Algæ, [176].
Alfalfa plant, [151].
Alimentary canal, [297].
Alkali, [306].
Alkalinity, [298].
Alligator, [230].
Ambergris, [205].
Ammonium hydrate, [61].
Amœba, [170], [182], [332].
Amphibia, [186], [187];
- as food, [202].
Anal fin of fish, [233].
Angiosperms, [176].
Animals, as disease carriers, [227];
- breeding of, [259];
- domesticated, [260];
- functions of, [48], [180];
- need plants, [34];
- oils of, [205];
- parasitic, [227];
- series, [182];
- that prey upon man, [230];
- use to man, [17];
- use to plants, [34].
Annual rings, [98].
Anopheles, [217], [218].
Anosia plexippus, [32].
Anther, [36].
Antibodies, uses of, [316].
Antiseptics, [157].
Antitoxin, [157], [391].
Anura, [188].
Anvil, [359].
Aorta, [320].
Apoplexy, [328].
Appendages of the fish, [233].
Appendicular skeleton, [268].
Appendix, [309].
Apples, [56], [124].
Aqueous humor, [361].
Arachnida, [185].
Arteries, [318];
- structure of, [323].
Arthropods, [185].
Artificial, cross-pollination, [46];
- propagation of fishes, [240];
- respiration, [340];
- selection, [253].
Asexual reproduction, [174].
Assimilation in plants, [103].
Attention, effect of alcohol, [364].
Audubon, [211].
Auricle of human heart, [319];
- of fish heart, [236].
Automatic activity, [348], [354].
Axial skeleton, [268].

Bacillus, [142].
Bacteria, [134];
- and fermentation, [150];
- cause decay, [149];
- cause disease, [151];
- effect on food, [144];
- growth of, [145];
- isolating a pure culture, [142];
- nitrogen fixing, [80], [81], [151], [152];
- of decay, [144];
- relation to man, [16];
- size and form, [142], [143];
- useful, [150];
- where found, [139], [141].
Bacteriology, [16].
Bad posture, [270].
Balanced, aquarium, [159], [160];
- diet, [285].
Barbels of fish, [234].
Barberry embryo, [103].
Bark, use of, [98].
Barrier, natural, [25].
Bast, [97].
Beans, as food, [62].
Beans, peas, [55].
Beans, seedlings, [63].
Bedroom, care of, [374].
Bee, adaptations, [36];
- head of, [38];
- mouth parts, [38].
Beer and wine making, [137].
Benedict's test, [68].
Benzoic acid, [148].
Beverages and condiments, [124].
Biceps, [269].
Bichloride of mercury, [148].
Bile, functions of, [306], [307].
Biology, definition, [15];
- relation to society, [18].
Birds, [189];
- as food, [202];
- classification, [191];
- development, [246];
- eat insects, [209];
- eat weed seeds, [210];
- embryo, [246], [247].
Bismuth, [304].
Bison, [192].
Black Death, [227].
Blade of leaf, [85].
Blastula, [177].
Blood, amount and distribution, [318];
- changes in lungs, [330];
- circulation of man, [318];
- clotting, [314];
- composition, [314];
- effect of alcohol, [327];
- function, [313];
- plates, [315];
- poisoning, [156];
- temperature, [318];
- vessel of skin, [344].
Blubber, [205].
Blue crab, [199].
Board of health, functions, [389].
Body, a machine, [348];
- cavity, [270];
- heat and alcohol, [345];
- of fish, [232].
Bony fish, [187].
Boracic acid, [148].
Borax, [148].
Brain, of fish, [237];
Brain, of man, [351].
Bread, making, [139];
- mold, [133].
Bream, [233].
Breathing, [333];
- and tight clothing, [339];
- hygienic habits, [338];
- in leaf, [93];
- of fish, [234];
- of frog, [242];
- of vertebrates, [232];
- rate of, [334].
Breeding of animals, [259].
Bright's disease, [346].
Bronchi, [330].
Bronchial tubes, [330].
Bruises, [345].
Bryophytes, [176].
Bubonic plague, [227].
Budding, [255], [256].
Bumblebees, [37].
Burbank, Luther, [406].
Burns, treatment of, [345].
Butter and eggs, [38], [39].

Calorie, portion, [286];
- requirement, [282].
Calyx, [35].
Cambium layer, [98].
Canning, [145].
Cannon, Prof., [304].
Capillaries, [318], [323];
- circulation in, [322];
- of fish, [236].
Carbohydrates, [60], [273].
Carbolic acid, [149].
Carbon and oxygen cycle, [161].
Carbon dioxide, test for, [64].
Care of milk supply, [380], [383].
Carnivorous, [230].
Caudal fin of fish, [233].
Cause of dyspepsia, [310].
Cells, [50];
- as units, [171];
- division, [51];
- mucous, [299];
- of pond scum, [173];
- reproduction of, [50];
- respiration, [332];
- tissue, [179];
- work of, [270].
Cephalothorax, [185].
Cerebellum, [352].
Cerebro-spinal nervous system, [350].
Cerebrum, [351].
Cestodes, [227].
Changes, of blood in lungs, [330];
- of air in lungs, [331].
Characters, determiners of, [258].
Chelonia, [188].
Chemical, compounds, [20];
- elements, [20];
- of human body, [21].
Chestnut canker, [131].
China, deforestation in, [108].
Chittenden table, [311].
Chloral, [293].
Chlorophyll bodies, [50], [90].
Chloroplasts, [90].
Chromosomes, [50];
- and heredity, [251].
Chrysalis, [33].
Cilia, [171].
Circulation, effect of alcohol, [327];
- effect of exercise, [326];
- effect of tobacco, [328];
- in fish, frog, man, [321], [322];
- in stem, [99], [100], [101];
- of blood of man, [318];
- of fish, [236];
- of frog, [243];
- portal, [322];
- pulmonary, [320];
- systemic, [320].
City's need for trees, [115].
Civic hygiene, [388].
Clams, [200].
Classification, of birds, [191];
- of plants, [176].
Cloaca of frog, [243].
Clothing, [203].
Clotting of blood, [314].
Coal, [64].
Cobra, [230].
Cocaine, [293].
Coccus bacteria, [142].
Cochineal and lac, [208].
Cochlea, [359].
Codling moth, [215].
Cœlenterates, [183].
Cold-blooded animals, [318];
- effect of, [23].
Cold storage, [147].
Colds and fevers, [343].
Coleoptera, [32].
Collecting ashes, [387].
Colonies of bacteria, [141];
- of trilliums, [175].
Colorless corpuscles, [313];
- structure, [315];
- function, [316].
Common foods contain nutrients, [275].
Comparison, of food tube of frog and man, [297];
- of mold, yeast and bacteria, [143];
- of starch making and milling, [92].
Complemental air, [334].
Complex one-celled animals, [171].
Composition, of milk, [273], [280];
- of plasma, [313];
- of soil, [77].
Compound eyes of bumblebee, [37], [38].
Conservation, of food fish, [239];
- of fur-bearing animals, [204];
- of our natural resources, [17].
Constipation, [310].
Constrictor killing a mouse, [213].
Contagious diseases, [152].
Convolutions, [352].
Corn, [120], [121];
- germinated grain cut lengthwise, [69];
- long section of ear, [67];
- structure of grain, [66].
Cornfield, [44].
Corolla, [35].
Corpuscles, colorless and red, [313].
Cost of food and diet, [281], [283];
- of parasitism, [263].
Cotton, [125];
- boll weevil, [126], [127], [214].
Cotyledons, [59];
- food in, [60].
Crab, [199].
Crayfish, [184].
Crocodile, [230].
Crocodilia, [189].
Crustacea, [185].
Culex, [218], [218].
Culture medium, [140].
Cuts and bruises, treatment, [326], [345].

Daily calorie requirement, [282];
- fuel needs of body, [284].
Dandelion, whorled leaves, [90].
Darwin, Charles, [40], [404].
Darwin and natural selection, [253].
Deaths, table, [312].
Decay caused by bacteria, [149].
Decayed teeth, [396].
Defects in eye, [361].
Deforestation in China, [108].
Dendrites, [351].
Department of Agriculture, work of, [255].
Department of street cleaning, [387].
Determiners, [251];
- of character, [258].
Development, of apple, [56];
- of bird, [246];
- of egg, [178];
- of trout, [238];
- of mammal, [247];
- of salmon, [241];
- of simple animal, [177].
Diagram of frog's tongue, [242];
- of gills of fish, [235];
- of neuron, [351];
- of wall small intestine, [307].
Diaphragm, [270], [297].
Diastase, [101], [300];
- action on starch, [69].
Diet, and cost of food, [281];
- and digestibility, [281];
- balanced, [285];
- relation of age, [280];
- relation of environment to, [280];
- relation to sex, [280];
- relation of work to, [277];
- the best, [284].
Dietary, the best, [282].
Digested food, absorption of, [308].
Digestibility and diet, [281].
Digestion, [68], [100], [181];
- effect of alcohol, [311];
- definition of, [270];
- in stem, [99];
- in stomach, [304];
- of starch, [299];
- purpose of, [69], [296].
Digestive system of fish, [235].
Digestive tract of frog and man, [297].
Diphtheria, [152].
Dipnoi, [187], [236].
Diptera, [31].
Discoverers of living matter, [398].
Disease, and alcohol, [312];
- and bacteria, [151];
- carriers, animals, [226];
- carriers, flies, [222];
- carriers, insects, [225];
- caused by bacteria, [152];
- caused by protozoa, [172];
- effect of alcohol, [327];
- of nose and throat, [340];
- protozoan, [221].
Disinfectants, [148].
Division of labor, [178], [267].
Dog, skeleton, [185].
Domesticated animals, [203], [260].
Dominant characters, [258].
Dormant, [22].
Dorsal, [186];
- fin, [233].
Drugs, use and abuse, [294].
Duff, [113].
Dyspepsia, cause and prevention, [310].

Ear, section, [359].
Echinoderms, [184].
Economic value of green plants, [117];
- importance of spawning habits of fishes, [239].
Ectoderm, [177].
Effect of light on leaves, [88].
Efficiency of a week, [370].
Egg, [177], [246].
Egg-laying habits of fishes, [238].
Ehrlich, Paul, [403].
Elasmobranchs, [187].
Elements, chemical, [20], [21].
Elodea, [49], [50].
Embryo, [58], [59], [103];
- of bird, [247];
- of mammal, [247].
Emulsion, [306].
Endoderm, [177].
Endoskeleton, definition, [237].
Endosperm, [67].
Enemies of forests, [113], [114].
Energy, [64];
- of a tree, [94];
- source of, [88].
English sparrow, [212].
Environment, [19], [19];
- care and improvement of, [26];
- changes in, [25];
- determines kind of plants and animals, [23], [23], [24];
- normal, [28];
- of man, [26], [266];
- natural, [25];
- relation to diet, [280];
- what plants and animals take from, [21].
Enzymes, [68], [101], [298].
Epicotyl, [59].
Epidermis, [86].
Epithelial layer, [308].
Epithelium, [179].
Erosion, prevention of, [106], [108];
- at Sayre, Pa., [106].
Essential organs, [36].
Esophagus, [302].
Eugenics, [261].
Eustachian tubes, [300], [359].
Euthenics, [264].
Evaporation, [99];
- of water, [85], [86], [87].
Evolution, [194], [195].
Excretion, [181], [270], [332];
- organs of, [340];
- in plants, [103].
Exercise and circulation, [326];
- and health, [339].
Exoskeleton, [185], [237].
Extermination of birds, [211].
Eye, compound, [30];
- defects in, [361];
- section of, [360].
Eyestrain, [395].

Factory inspection, [379].
Fallowing, [82].
Fatigue, [326];
- and nerve cells, [356].
Fats and oils, [60], [273].
Fehling's solution, [68], [299].
Fermentation, [135], [136], [150].
Fertilization, of fish eggs, [240];
- of flower, [54].
Fibers, vegetable, [127].
Fibrin, [315].
Fibrinogen, [315].
Fig insect, [43].
Filament, [36].
Filter beds at Albany, N. Y., [385].
Fins, [233].
Fishes, [186];
- artificial propagation, [240];
- as food, [201];
- body of, [232];
- breathing, [234];
- circulation, [236], [321];
- digestive system, [235];
- egg-laying habits, [238];
- food getting, [234];
- food of, [237];
- gills, [234];
- heart, [236];
- migration, [238];
- nervous system, [237];
- skeleton, [237];
- senses, [233];
- swim bladder, [236].
Fission, [170].
Flagella of bacteria, [142].
Flatworms, [183].
Flax, [128].
Flea, [225].
Floral envelope, [35].
Flower, fertilization of, [54];
- lengthwise section, [35];
- use and structure, [35].
Fluid, [181].
Fly, a disease carrier, [222];
- foot of, [223];
- life history, [222];
- typhoid, [223].
Foods, absorption of, [309];
- adulteration, [288];
- amphibia as, [202];
- birds as, [202];
- cost of, [283];
- fish as, [201];
- fruits and seeds, [119];
- getting of fish, [234];
- in cotyledons, [60];
- inorganic, [274];
- inspection, [380];
- is alcohol a food, [289];
- leaves, [117], [118];
- making in green leaf, [93];
- mammals as, [202];
- of animal origin, [279];
- of bacteria, [144];
- of fishes, [237];
- of insects, [33];
- of plant origin, [278];
- of starfish, [216];
- reptiles as, [202];
- roots as, [119];
- stems as, [118];
- taking, [181];
- tube of frog, [243];
- values, tables, [276];
- waste in kitchen, [287];
- why we need, [272].
Foraminifera, [182].
Forestry, [113].
Forest destruction, [112], [113];
- fires, [112];
- of North Carolina, [105];
- other uses, [109];
- protecting, [114];
- regions of United States, [109].
Formaldehyde, [148].
Formation of habits, [354].
Four o'clock embryo, [103].
Fresh air, [337].
Frog, adaptations for life, [241];
- and man, digestive tract, [297];
- breathing, [242];
- circulation, [243], [322];
- development of, [244];
Frog, diagram of tongue, [242];
- food tube, [243];
- glands, [243];
- locomotion of, [241];
- long section, [243];
- metamorphosis, [245];
- nervous system, [352];
- sense organs, [242].
Fruit, a typical, [55].
Fruit of locust, [55].
Fruits and seeds as foods, [119].
Fruits, how scattered, [56].
Fuel, daily needs, [284].
Fuel values of nutrients, [277].
Functions, of all animals, [180];
- of an animal, [48];
- of bile, [307];
- of blood, [313];
- of cerebrum, [353];
- of colorless corpuscle, [316];
- of lymph, [317];
- of parts of plant, [48];
- of red corpuscle, [314].
Fungi, [130], [176];
- moldlike, [135];
- of our homes, [132].
Fur-bearing animals, [204].

Gall bladder, [306];
- insects, [208].
Gallflies, [43].
Ganoids, [186], [187].
Garbage cans, [377].
Garden fruits, [123].
Gastric glands, [303];
- of frog, [243].
Gastric juice, [303].
Gastrula, [177], [178].
Genus, [175].
Geranium, [45].
German forest, [114].
Germ cells, [251].
Germination, of bean, [63];
- of pollen, [54].
Gills of fish, [234];
- rakers, [172], [234].
Glands, [297], [298], [299];
- gastric, [303];
- lymph, [324];
- of frog, [243];
- salivary, [299].
Glomerulus, [341].
Glottis of frog, [243].
Glycogen, [307].
Gonorrhea, [156].
Grafting, [256].
Grains, [122].
Grape sugar, test for, [68].
Gravity, influence on root, [72].
Green plants, economic value, [117];
- give off oxygen, [95];
- harmful, [127];
- make starch, [90], [92].
Groups of plants, [174].
Guano, [82].
Guard cells, [88].
Gullet, [297], [300], [301], [302], [303];
- of frog, [243].
Gymnosperms, [176].
Gypsy moth, [215].

Habits, [354].
Habitat of protozoa, [172].
Habit formation, [354].
Hæmoglobin, [314], [330].
Hammer, [359].
Hard palate, [301].
Harm done by insects, [34], [225].
Harmful green plants, [127];
- preservatives, [148].
Hay infusion, [163], [164].
Head of a bee, [38].
Heart a force pump, [320];
- diagram, [319];
- in action, [319];
- internal structure, [319];
- of fish, [236];
- size, position, [318].
Heat, and bacteria, [145];
- effect of, [22];
- output, [285].
Heating the house, [375].
Hemiptera, [32].
Hen's egg, [246].
Herbivorous animals, [213].
Heredity, and evolution, [404];
- bearers of, [251];
- definition, [249];
Heredity, relation of alcohol to, [372].
Hervey, William, [399].
Hibernate, [22].
Hides, [205].
Hilum, [59].
Honey and wax, [207].
Hookworm, [183], [228], [229].
Horse, ancestor of, [193], [260].
How food is swallowed, [302].
Human blood, [314].
Human body, a machine, [267];
- composition of, [21].
Human physiology, definition, [15].
Humming bird, [43].
Humus, [79].
Hundred calorie portions, [286].
Huxley, [398].
Hybridizing, [254].
Hybrids, [254].
Hydra, [179].
Hydrochloric acid, [303].
Hydrogen of water, [20], [20].
Hydrophobia, [392].
Hygiene, [27];
- of breathing, [338];
- of skin, [344];
- of mouth, [302];
- of muscles and bones, [268];
- outline, [415];
- personal, [261].
Hypocotyl, [59].
Hymenoptera, [30].

Ichneumon fly, [208].
Illness of drinkers, [363].
Imperfect flowers, [44], [45].
Immunity, [157], [390].
Improvement, by selection, [253];
- of man, [261].
Impure water, [289].
Incisors, [301].
Infectious diseases, [27], [363], [390].
Infusoria, [182].
Inner ear, [359].
Inoculation, [157].
Inorganic soil, [77];
- foods, [274].
Insects, [185];
- and foods, [376];
- as disease carriers, [225];
- as pollinating agents, [36];
- damage done by, [34], [214];
- diagram of, [29];
- food of, [33];
- of the house, [216];
- orders of, [30].
Inspection, of factories, [379];
- of raw food, [380].
Instincts, [195].
Internal secretions, [317].
Intestinal fluid, [306];
- glands, [308].
Intestine, large, [309].
Invertebrates, [185].
Iris, [360].
Isolation, [390].

Jenner, Edward, [400].
Jimson weed, [128].
Jukes, [261].

Kidney bean, [59], [63].
Kidneys, [181];
- human, [341];
- of frog, [243].
Kinetic energy, [267].
Knots, [112].
Koch, Robert, [403].

Labor, division of, [178].
Laboratory equipment, [418].
Lacteals, [309], [324].
Lactic acid, [150].
Lactometer, [288].
Ladybug, [209].
Large intestine, [309];
- of frog, [243].
Larva of milkweed butterfly, [32].
Latent energy, [267].
Lateral line, [234].
Leaves, as food, [117];
- evaporation of water from, [85];
- cell structure of, [85];
- mosaic, [90];
- respiration, [96];
- section, [49];
- skeleton of, [85];
- structure, [85], [86].
Length measures, [417].
Leopard frog, [188].
Lepidoptera, [30].
Levers, [269].
Life comes from life, [399].
Life cycle, [104];
- of plants, [103].
Life history of malarial parasite, [217].
Ligaments, [268].
Ligature, applying, [326].
Light, a condition of environment, [21], [22];
- and bacteria, [145];
- effect of, [22];
- necessary for starch making, [91].
Lighting the home, [376].
Lily, narrow leaves, [90].
Limewater test, [64].
Lister, Sir Joseph, [403].
Liver, [306];
- a storehouse, [307];
- effect of alcohol on, [312];
- of frog, [243].
Living matter and alcohol, [291];
- plant and animal compared, [47];
- things, needs of, [266];
- things, varying sizes of, [51].
Lizard, [188].
Lobster, [198].
Locomotion, [181];
- of frog, [241].
Lowell, typhoid area, [384].
Lumber transporting, [110]-[111].
Lungs, air passages, [330];
- changes of blood in, [330].
Lymph, function, [317];
- glands and vessels, [324], [325].
Lysol, [148].

MacNichol, Dr. T. Alexander, [327].
Macronucleus, [169].
Malaria, cause, [217].
Malarial mosquito, [218].
Malarial parasite, life history, [217].
Mammal development, [247];
- embryo, [247].
Mammals, [191];
- adaptations, [192];
- as food, [202];
- classification, [192].
Mammary glands, [191].
Man, animals that prey upon, [230];
- and his environment, [266];
- circulation of blood, [318];
- improvement of, [261];
- in his environment, [26];
- mouth cavity, [300];
- place in nature, [195];
- races of, [196];
- stomach, [303].
Manufacture of fats, [93].
Measures, [417].
Mechanics of respiration, [332], [333].
Membrane, mucous, [299].
Mendel, Gregor, [257], [406].
Mesenteric glands, [309].
Mesentery, [297].
Mesoderm, [177].
Metamorphosis of frog, [244], [245].
Metchnikoff, [316].
Methods, of cutting timber, [111];
- of breathing in vertebrates, [232].
Micronucleus, [169].
Micropyle, [59].
Middle ear, [359].
Migration of fishes, [238].
Milk, and tuberculosis, [381];
- composition of, [273], [280];
- germs in, [381];
- grades of, [381];
- under microscope, [150], [305].
Milkweed, butterfly, [32], [33].
Milling and starch making, [92].
Mink, [205].
Mixed diet, [284].
Moisture, [24], [78].
Mollusca, [185].
Mollusk, [185].
Mold, [133], [134], [135];
- yeast and bacteria, [143].
Morning glory embryo, [103].
Mosquito, malarial, [218];
- yellow fever, [219].
Moss plant, [177].
Mother of pearl, [206].
Motor nerves, [351].
Mouth cavity in man, [300], [300].
Mouth parts of bee, [38].
Mucous membrane, [299].
Mucus cells, [299].
Muscles and bones, hygiene, [268].
Mutations, [253], [406].
Mutual aid between flowers and insects, [41].
Mycelium, [133].
Myriapoda, [185].

Natural environment, [25];
- selection, [253].
Nectar, [35].
Need, of food, [272];
- of sleep, [356];
- of ventilation, [335].
Needs of living things, [266].
Nerve cells and fatigue, [356];
- vasomotor, [325].
Nervous control, [181];
- of heart, [325];
- of respiration, [334];
- of sweat glands, [343].
Nervous system, [271], [349];
- of frog, [352].
Neuron, diagram, [351].
Newt, [187].
Nicotine, [293].
Nictitating membrane of frog, [242].
Nitrates, [80].
Nitric acid, [61].
Nitrogen, [80];
- cycle, [162];
- fixing bacteria, [80], [81], [151];
- of air, [20].
Nodules, [81].
Normal heat output, [285].
Nose and throat, diseases, [340].
Nucleus, [50].
Nutrients, [273], [274];
- fuel values, [277];
- in common foods, [275].

Object of a field trip, [28].
Oils, test for, [61].
Operculum, [234].
Ophidia, [189].
Orbit of eye, [360].
Orchard fruits, [124].
Organic matter, [64].
Organic nutrients, [60].
Organisms, [47].
Organs, [47], [48], [180];
- of Corti, [360];
- of excretion, [340];
- of hearing, [358];
- of respiration, [330];
- of taste, [358];
- of touch, [357].
Orthoptera, [30].
Osmosis, definition, [75];
- experiment, [100];
- physiological importance, [77].
Ostrich, [191].
Outline of courses, 407-[414].
Ovaries of frog, [243].
Ovary, [36].
Ovules, [54].
Oxidation, [64];
- in our bodies, [65].
Oxygen cycle, [161];
- given off by green plants, [95];
- of air, [20];
- of water, [20].
Oyster, [199], [200].

Packard (zoölogist), [33].
Palate, hard and soft, [301].
Palisade tissue, [86].
Pancreas, [305];
- of frog, [243];
- work of, [305].
Papillæ, [301].
Pappus, [57].
Paramœcium, [167], [168], [169];
- needs of, [266];
- response to stimuli, [167].
Parasites, [131].
Parasitic animals cause disease, [227].
Parasitism, cost and remedy, [263].
Parotid, [299].
Pasteur, Louis, [401].
Pasteurization, [146].
Pea pod, [55].
Pearls, [206].
Pectoral fin, [233].
Pelvic fin, [233].
Pepsin, [303].
Peptic gland, [304].
Perfumes, [205].
Pericardium, [319].
Peristaltic waves, [303].
Personal hygiene, [261].
Perspiration, [343].
Petals, [35].
Petri dishes, [140].
Phagocytes, [316].
Pharynx, [301].
Phenolphthalein, [80].
Phosphoric acid, [82].
Photosynthesis, [92], [93].
Physiology of mold, [133].
Pistil, [36].
Pith, [97].
Placentæ of mammal, [247].
Plankton, [235].
Plants, animals depend on, [34];
- and animals, mutually helpful, [18];
- classification, [176];
- food for insects, [33];
- as food makers, [88];
- function of parts, [48];
- groups, [174];
- need minerals, [80];
- need of nitrogen, [80], [82];
- processes, [103];
- reproduction, [173].
Plasma, [313].
Plasmodium malariæ, [182], [217].
Pleura, [332].
Pleurococcus, [166].
Plumule, [59].
Pneumonia, [336].
Pocket garden, [73].
Poison, alcohol, [291];
- ivy, [128];
- produced by alcohol, [347].
Polar bear, [204].
Pollen, [36];
- germination of, [53], [54].
Pollination, [36], [40];
- cross and self, [40];
- wind, [44].
Pond scum, [173].
Pons, [352].
Porifera, [182].
Portal circulation, [309], [322].
Portions, hundred calorie, [286].
Potato beetle, [214].
Potato beetle, embryo, [103].
Premolars, [302].
Preservatives, [147].
Prevention of dyspepsia, [310];
- of molds, [134].
Proboscis, [30].
Prolegs, [32].
Pronuba, [42], [43].
Protecting forests, [114].
Proteins, [60], [273];
- making, [93];
- test for, [61].
Protoplasm, [50];
- what it can do, [52].
Protozoa, [172], [182], [205].
Protozoan diseases, [221].
Pteridophytes, [176].
Ptomaines, [144], [147].
Ptyalin, [300].
Public hygiene, [389].
Pulmonary circulation, [320].
Pulse, cause, [323].
Pupa of milkweed butterfly, [33].
Pupil of eye, [360].
Pure food laws, [288].
Purpose of digestion, [69], [296].
Pyloric cæca, [235].

Quarantine, [27], [390].

Rabies, [392].
Races of man, [196].
Radiolaria, [182].
Radiolarian skeleton, [182].
Recessive characters, [258].
Rectum, [297].
Red corpuscles, [313], [314].
Reflex actions, [353].
Regulation of heat of body, [343].
Relation, of age to diet, [280];
- of alcohol to crime, [371];
- of alcohol to heredity, [372];
- of alcohol to pauperism, [371];
- of animals to man, [17];
- of bacteria to free nitrogen, [81];
- of bacteria to man, [16];
- of biology to society, [18];
- of cost of food to diet, [281];
- of digestibility to diet, [281];
Relation, of environment to diet, [280];
- of green plants and animals, [15], [161], [162];
- of sex to diet, [280];
- of work to diet, [277];
- of yeasts to man, [135].
Rennin, [303].
Reproduction, [103], [181];
- importance of, [52];
- in seed plants, [173], [174];
- of cells, [50];
- of Paramœcium, [169].
Reptiles, [186].
Reptilia, [188].
Reserve air, [334].
Residual air, [334].
Respiration, [66], [181];
- and alcohol, [346];
- and nervous control, [334];
- and tobacco, [346];
- mechanics of, [332], [333];
- necessity for, [329];
- organs of, [330];
- of cells, [332];
- of leaves, [96].
Retina, [360].
Rhizoids, [133].
Rhizopoda, [182].
Rice field, [123].
Ringworm, [134].
Roaches, [216].
Rock fern, [175].
Rockweed, [176].
Roots as food, [119];
- as food storage, [83];
- downward growth of, [72];
- fine structure, [73];
- give out acid, [79], [80];
- hairs, [74], [75];
- influence of gravity, [72];
- influence of moisture, [73];
- passage of soil water, [76];
- pressure, [101];
- system, primary, secondary, tertiary roots, [72];
- uses of, [71].
Rotation of crops, [81].
Roundworms, [183], [228].
Rules of habit formation, [356].
Russian thistle, [129].

Saliva, [69], [299].
Salivary glands, [299];
- glands of frog, [243].
Salmon, [201], [241].
Sand shark, [186].
Sandworm, [184].
Sanitarium for tuberculosis, [394].
Sanitation, [27].
Saprophytes, [131].
Scavengers,[TN10] [150].
Schleiden and Schwann, [398].
Schultz, Max, [398].
Sclerotic coat, [360].
Sea anemones, [183].
Secretion, [299], [306].
Secretions, internal, [317].
Section, of ear, [359];
- of timber, [111].
Sedgwick, William T., [312].
Seed, [54];
- how scattered, [56];
- plants, reproduction, [174];
- why it grows, [58].
Seedlings of bean, [63].
Segmented worms, [183].
Selection, artificial, [253];
- natural, [253].
Selective planting, [254].
Semicircular canal, [359].
Sensations, [350].
Sense organs, [181];
- of fish, [233];
- of frog, [242].
Senses, [357].
Sensory nerves, [351].
Sepals, [35].
Series, animal, [182].
Serum, [314].
Sewage disposal, [386].
Sex, relation to diet, [280].
Shelf fungi, [132].
Sieve tubes, [97].
Simple animal, development, [177].
Simplest plants, [166].
Skeleton, of dog, [185];
- of fish, [237];
Skeleton, of leaf, [85];
- of man, [268].
Skin, [268];
- hygiene of, [344].
Skunk, [205].
Sleep, need of, [356].
Small intestine, [307], [308].
Smell, sense of, [358].
Snail, [185].
Snakes, [189];
- food of, [212].
Soft palate, [301].
Soil, composition of, [77];
- how water is held in, [77], [78].
Sound, character of, [360].
Sour bread, [139].
Soy beans, [152].
Sparrow, [246].
Spawning habits, economic importance, [239].
Species, [175], [194].
Sperm, [177].
Spermaries of frog, [243].
Spermatophytes, [176].
Spinal cord of fish, [237].
Spiracles, [29].
Spirillum, [142].
Sponge, [180], [182], [183], [206].
Spore, [131], [173];
- plants, [174].
Sporozoa, [182].
Sprengel, Conrad, [40].
Squash bug, [215].
Stables, clean and filthy, [388].
Stamens, [36].
Starch, action of diastase, [69];
- digestion, [299];
- grains, [60];
- in bean, [61];
- made by green leaves, [90], [92];
- test for, [61].
Starch making and milling, [92].
Starfish, [184];
food of, [216].
Stegomyia, [221].
Stems, as food, [118];
- passage of fluids up, [84];
- structure of, [97].
Sterilization, [145].
Sterilizer, [140].
Stigma, [36].
Stimulants, [289].
Stirrup, [359].
Stomata, [86], [88].
Stomach, [297];
- digestive experiments, [304];
- of frog, [243];
- of man, [303].
Street cleaning department, [387].
Structure, colorless corpuscles, [315];
- of leaf, [85];
- of red corpuscle, [314];
- of root, [73];
- of root hairs, [74].
Sturgeon, [186].
Style, [36].
Sublingual glands, [299].
Submaxillary glands, [299].
Suffocation, [340].
Sulphur, [149].
Sun, source of energy, [88].
Sundew, [102].
Sunlight in home, [374].
Sweat glands, [342].
Sweeping and dusting, [336].
Swim bladder of fish, [236].
Symbiosis, [163].
Sympathetic nerves, [352];
- nervous system, [304], [350].
Syphilis, [152], [156].
Systemic circulation, [320].

Table of cost of food, [276], [283].
Tactile corpuscles, [357].
Tænia solium, [227].
Tapeworm, [227].
Taproot, cross section, [74].
Taste buds, [301], [358].
Teeth, [301].
Teleosts, [187].
Temperature, [417];
- of blood, [318].
Tern, [190].
Testa, [59].
Test, for carbon dioxide, [64];
- nutrients, [61], [68].
Thallophytes, [176].
Thoracic duct, [324].
Tidal air, [334].
Timber, methods of cutting, [111].
Tissue cells, [49], [179].
Toad, use of, [209].
Tobacco and circulation, [328];
- and respiration, [346];
- users of, [293].
Tortoise, [188].
Touch, [357].
Tourniquet, [326].
Toxin, [152], [316].
Trachea, [185].
Transpiration, [85], [87].
Transportation of lumber, [110], [111].
Treatment of cuts and bruises, [326].
Trees, need of city, [115];
- preventing erosion, [108];
- regulate water supply, [105];
- value of, [105].
Trichina, [228].
Trichinosis, [228].
Trillium, [175].
Trout, development, [238].
Trypanosomes, [221].
Tuberculosis, [152], [153];
- and milk, [381];
- how to fight, [393], [394].
Tussock moth, [215].
Twig, section of, [98].
Tympanic membrane, [358].
Tympanum of frog, [242].
Tyndall box, [399].
Typhoid, [224], [385];
- and diarrhœa, [200].
Typhoid fever, [152], [155], [382].

Unit characters, [258].
Ureter, [342].
Urethra, [342].
Urine, [341].
Urodela, [188].
Uses, of animals, [198];
- of antibodies, [316];
- of green plants, [117];
- of ice, [377];
- of nutrients, [274];
- of protozoa, [172].
Uterus of a mammal, [247].

Vaccination, [157], [221], [391].
Vacuoles, contracting, [168].
Value, of insects, [208];
- of trees, [105].
Valves, [185], [319];
- in vein, [324].
Variation, [250].
Vasomotor nerves, [325].
Vegetable fibers and oils, [127].
Veins, [318];
- function and structure, [323];
- valves, [324].
Venæ cavæ, [322].
Ventilation, [335], [338].
Ventricle, [319];
- of fish heart, [236].
Venus fly trap, [102].
Vermiform appendix, [309].
Vertebral column, [186].
Vertebrates, breathing of, [232].
Villi, [308].
Virginia creeper, [128].
Virus, [392].
Vitreous humor, [361].
Vorticella, [171], [178].
Vries, Hugo de, [253], [406].

Warner, Chas. Dudley, [211].
Waste of food, [287].
Water, [275];
- composition of, [20];
- impure, [289];
- supply, [383].
Weed, [48], [128].
Weights, [417].
Wheat crop, [121], [122].
Wild orchid, [40].
Windpipe, [300], [301].
Wood, uses of, [110].
Work of cells, [270];
- of Department of Agriculture, [255];
- relation to diet, [277].
Worms, [183].

Yeasts, [136], [138], [139];
- relation to man, [135].
Yellow fever mosquito, [219].
Yucca, [42], [43].

Zygospore, [174].